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rock deformation geology: Principles of Rock Deformation A. Nicolas, 2012-12-06 Physicists attempt to reduce natural phenomena to their essential dimensions by means of simplification and approximation and to account for them by defining natural laws. Paradoxically, whilst there is a critical need in geology to reduce the overwhelming field information to its essentials, it often re mains in an over-descriptive state. This prudent attitude of geologists is dictated by the nature of the subjects being consi dered, as it is often difficult to derive the significant parame ters from the raw data. It also follows from the way that geolo gical work is carried out. Geologists proceed, as in a police investigation, by trying to reconstruct past conditions and events from an analysis of the features preserved in rocks. In physics all knowledge is based on experiment but in the Earth Sciences experimental evidence is of very limited scope and is difficult to interpret. The geologist's cautious approach in accepting evidence gained by modelling and quantification is sometimes questionable when it is taken too far. It shuts out potentially fruitful lines of advance; for instance when refu sing order of magnitude calculations, it risks being drowned in anthropomorphic speculation. Happily nowadays, many more studies tend to separate and order the significant facts and are carried out with numerical constraints, which although they are approxi mate in nature, limit the range of hypotheses and thus give rise to new models. |
rock deformation geology: The World Before the Deluge Louis Figuier, 1866 |
rock deformation geology: Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field M.S. Paterson, Teng-fong Wong, 2005-04-20 The primary aim of this monograph is to present the current knowledge of brittle properties of rocks as determined in laboratory experiments. The principal aspects of brittle behavior are described with special attention to the fundamental physical aspects. Thus, the book provides a useful introduction to the basics of rock properties for engineering and earth science applications. Furthermore, it serves as a guide for graduate students and non specialists by presenting the relevant background material and where it can be found. For the new edition a further chapter has been added, and almost half of the chapters have been extensively revised and the others updated. |
rock deformation geology: Mineral and Rock Deformation Bruce E. Hobbs, 1986 |
rock deformation geology: Physical Geology Karla Panchuk, 2021 Physical Geology - H5P Edition is an interactive, comprehensive introductory text on the physical aspects of geology, including rocks and minerals, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, mass wasting, climate change, planetary geology, and more. It has a strong emphasis on examples from western Canada and includes 200 interactive H5P activities--BCcampus website. |
rock deformation geology: The Geological Deformation of Sediments Alex Maltman, 2012-10-05 shallow processes and for the pursuit of more Sediments are now known to undergo deforma tion in a wide variety of geological circumstances. quantitative relationships. With these goals in The deforming processes can happen on a vast mind, workers are increasingly drawing on the scale and at all stages before the material be principles and methods of the well-established comes fully lithified. In fact, as exploration of the engineering discipline of soil mechanics. earth continues, the widespread extent and im All this is beginning to attract wider geological portance of sediment deformation is still being interest. Yet to the newcomer, because progress revealed, for example, below the oceans and has been rapid in recent years, the literature is beneath ice sheets. At the same time, it is still already formidable. The information is scattered, being realized just how varied are the resulting so even an expert on sediment deformation in a structures, and how strikingly similar they can be certain setting may be unaware of analogous to those produced by the deformation of deeply problems and successes in other environments. buried rocks. At the same time, although the same basic prin However, there are few precedents to guide the ciples apply in the various geological regimes, a geologist in interpreting structures that formed in subtly different terminology is evolving, which unlithified sediments, or in understanding the can make the subject boundaries hard to cross. |
rock deformation geology: Principles of Rock Deformation and Tectonics Jean-Luc Bouchez, Adolphe Nicolas, 2021 The book is an up-to-date and augmented version that keeps the concise and rigorous writing of its inspiring French language predecessors. It is based on laboratory and field experience of both authors, with a focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks from both the continental crust worldwide and the mantle, principally from the Oman ophiolites. |
rock deformation geology: Deformation Microstructures and Mechanisms in Minerals and Rocks Tom G. Blenkinsop, 2000-12-31 This book is a systematic guide to the recognition and interpretation of deformation microstructures and mechanisms in minerals and rocks at the scale of a thin section. Diagnostic features of microstructures and mechanisms are emphasized, and the subject is extensively illustrated with high-quality color and black and white photomicrographs, and many clear diagrams. After introducing three main classes of deformation microstructures and mechanisms, low- to high-grade deformation is presented in a logical sequence in Chapters 2 to 5. Magmatic/submagmatic deformation, shear sense indicators, and shock microstructures and metamorphism are described in Chapters 6 to 8, which are innovative chapters in a structural geology textbook. The final chapter shows how deformation microstructures and mechanisms can be used quantitatively to understand the behavior of the earth. Recent experimental research on failure criteria, frictional sliding laws, and flow laws is summarized in tables, and palaeopiezometry is discussed. Audience: This book is essential to all practising structural and tectonic geologists who use thin sections, and is an invaluable research tool for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates, lecturers and researchers in structural geology and tectonics. |
rock deformation geology: Fundamentals of Structural Geology David D. Pollard, Raymond C. Fletcher, 2005-09 A modern quantitative approach to structural geology and tectonics for advanced students and researchers. |
rock deformation geology: Rockbolting Charlie Chunlin Li, 2017-05-22 Rockbolting: Principles and Applications brings current theoretical and practical developments in the most widely used support device for underground rock excavations. Today, one cannot find any rock excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support. The worldwide annual assumption of rockbolts is in the billions, with pieces applied to mines, tunnels and other types of geotechnical projects for rock and soil reinforcement. The text is based on over 25 years of experience of the author both as academic and practitioner. The book introduces the principles and background concepts of rock support, and then offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanics of rockbolting, as well as current rock bolt types such as mechanical, grouted, self-drilling, grouted cables, frictional and yield rockbolts. Installation and performance assessment are covered next including load-displacement curves and energy-absorption capacities. Two chapters on design and quality control, respectively, cover failure mechanics, the selection process and the connections with other supporting devices. On quality control, the author explains the usual tests and displacement measurements. The final chapter brings current case studies that combine the concepts presented in the whole book. The book is a professional reference for engineers in the mining and geotechnical industries and can be used as research material for academics in rock mechanics and stability studies. - Offers theoretical knowledge on rock bolts and rockbolting - Covers the standard and most recent types of rockbolts - Includes information on rockbolting in high stress rock - Presents case studies that introduce practical applications in several conditions |
rock deformation geology: Folding and Fracturing of Rocks C.E. Bond, H.D. Lebit, 2020-01-02 This Special Publication is a celebration of research into the Folding and Fracturing of Rocks to mark the 50th anniversary of the publication of the seminal textbook by J. G. Ramsay. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks summarised the key structural geology concepts of the time. Through his numerical and geometric focus John pioneered and provided solutions to understanding the processes leading to the folding and fracturing of rocks. His strong belief that numerical and geometric solutions, to understanding crustal processes, should be tested against field examples added weight and clarity to his work. The basic ideas and solutions presented in the text are as relevant now as they were 50 years ago, and this collection of papers celebrates John’s contribution to structural geology. The papers explore the lasting impact of John and his work, they present case studies and a modern understanding of the process documented in the Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. |
rock deformation geology: A Geologist's Approach to Rock Deformation John G. Ramsay, 1969 |
rock deformation geology: A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure Ron H. Vernon, 2004-10-07 Rock microstructures provide clues for the interpretation of rock history. A good understanding of the physical or structural relationships of minerals and rocks is essential for making the most of more detailed chemical and isotopic analyses of minerals. Ron Vernon discusses the basic processes responsible for the wide variety of microstructures in igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic and deformed rocks, using high-quality colour illustrations. He discusses potential complications of interpretation, emphasizing pitfalls, and focussing on the latest techniques and approaches. Opaque minerals (sulphides and oxides) are referred to where appropriate. The comprehensive list of relevant references will be useful for advanced students wishing to delve more deeply into problems of rock microstructure. Senior undergraduate and graduate students of mineralogy, petrology and structural geology will find this book essential reading, and it will also be of interest to students of materials science. |
rock deformation geology: Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology Bradley Deline, Randa Harris, Karen Tefend, 2016-01-05 Developed by three experts to coincide with geology lab kits, this laboratory manual provides a clear and cohesive introduction to the field of geology. Introductory Geology is designed to ease new students into the often complex topics of physical geology and the study of our planet and its makeup. This text introduces readers to the various uses of the scientific method in geological terms. Readers will encounter a comprehensive yet straightforward style and flow as they journey through this text. They will understand the various spheres of geology and begin to master geological outcomes which derive from a growing knowledge of the tools and subjects which this text covers in great detail. |
rock deformation geology: Principles of Rock Deformation Adolphe Nicolas, 2011-11-04 Physicists attempt to reduce natural phenomena to their essential dimensions by means of simplification and approximation and to account for them by defining natural laws. Paradoxically, whilst there is a critical need in geology to reduce the overwhelming field information to its essentials, it often re mains in an over-descriptive state. This prudent attitude of geologists is dictated by the nature of the subjects being consi dered, as it is often difficult to derive the significant parame ters from the raw data. It also follows from the way that geolo gical work is carried out. Geologists proceed, as in a police investigation, by trying to reconstruct past conditions and events from an analysis of the features preserved in rocks. In physics all knowledge is based on experiment but in the Earth Sciences experimental evidence is of very limited scope and is difficult to interpret. The geologist's cautious approach in accepting evidence gained by modelling and quantification is sometimes questionable when it is taken too far. It shuts out potentially fruitful lines of advance; for instance when refu sing order of magnitude calculations, it risks being drowned in anthropomorphic speculation. Happily nowadays, many more studies tend to separate and order the significant facts and are carried out with numerical constraints, which although they are approxi mate in nature, limit the range of hypotheses and thus give rise to new models. |
rock deformation geology: Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field M.S. Paterson, Teng-fong Wong, 2005-11-11 This monograph deals with the part of the field of experimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle and ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. The last chapter deals with the transition between the two fields. In this new edition an attempt has been made to take into account new developments of the last two and a half decades. To assist in this project, the original author greatly appre- ates being joined by the second author. The scope of the monograph is limited to the mechanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a “materials science” kind rather than of a “structures” kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, a field which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earthquakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convective motion of the Earth’s mantle. One topic thus excluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engineering and mining, and pr- ably often in geology too. Shock phenomena have also not been covered. |
rock deformation geology: Plastic Deformation of Minerals and Rocks Shun'ichirō Karato, Hans-Rudolf Wenk, 2002 Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry (RiMG) volumes contain concise advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry. |
rock deformation geology: Petroleum Rock Mechanics Bernt S. Aadnoy, Reza Looyeh, 2019-06-15 Petroleum Rock Mechanics: Drilling Operations and Well Design, Second Edition, keeps petroleum and drilling engineers centrally focused on the basic fundamentals surrounding geomechanics, while also keeping them up-to-speed on the latest issues and practical problems. Updated with new chapters on operations surrounding shale oil, shale gas, and hydraulic fracturing, and with new sections on in-situ stress, drilling design of optimal mud weight, and wellbore instability analysis, this book is an ideal resource. By creating a link between theory with practical problems, this updated edition continues to provide the most recent research and fundamentals critical to today's drilling operations. - Helps readers grasp the techniques needed to analyze and solve drilling challenges, in particular wellbore instability analysis - Teaches rock mechanic fundamentals and presents new concepts surrounding sand production and hydraulic fracturing operations - Includes new case studies and sample problems to practice |
rock deformation geology: Rock Deformation John Handin, 1960 |
rock deformation geology: The Brittle-Ductile Transition in Rocks Al G. Duba, 1990 Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 56. The roses seem to have a mildew, Lucy said as I drank my morning coffee. I'll ask Hugh about it, flashed through my mind, but not past my lips since he's been dead for over two years. I wonder if this isn't typical for his friends and colleagues. Hugh's ability and willingness to help, his unselfish cooperation not just in research but in life, are what made him special to those who worked closely with him. Many who read this volume are familiar with the varied contributions he made to rock mechanics and to high?]pressure research. Consistent with his reputation, the things that impressed me when I first worked with Hugh in 1969 were his enthusiasm for work and his ability to keep pressure systems working well. Although these qualities still come to mind when I think of Hugh, the thing that usually remains is a warm feeling of pleasure at having been his friend and shared part of his life. |
rock deformation geology: Rock Deformation from Field, Experiments and Theory D.R. Faulkner, E. Mariani, J. Mecklenburgh, 2015-10-26 Ernie Rutter has made, and continues to make, a significant impact in the field of rock deformation. He has studied brittle and plastic deformation processes that occur within both the oceanic and continental crust, as well as other key properties such as the permeability and seismic velocities of these rocks. His approach has been one that integrates field observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical analyses. This volume celebrates Ernie's key contribution to rock deformation and structural geology by bringing together a collection of papers that represent this broad approach. The papers within the volume address key issues that remain within these fields. These range from fundamental studies of brittle and plastic behaviour along with the resultant structures and microstructures from both the field and laboratory, to applied problems where a better understanding of the deformation and properties of the crust is still needed. |
rock deformation geology: Principles of Rock Mechanics Ruud Weijermars, 1997 |
rock deformation geology: Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions Hauke Marquardt, Maxim Ballmer, Sanne Cottaar, Jasper Konter, 2021-07-07 A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Author. |
rock deformation geology: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling Yu-Shu Wu, 2017-11-30 Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today's petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today's more complex reservoirs. - Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods - Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics - Provides today's petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies |
rock deformation geology: Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains Gilbert, 1877 |
rock deformation geology: Geomechanics and Geology J.P. Turner, D. Healy, R.R. Hillis, M. Welch, 2017-09-19 Geomechanics investigates the origin, magnitude and deformational consequences of stresses in the crust. In recent years awareness of geomechanical processes has been heightened by societal debates on fracking, human-induced seismicity, natural geohazards and safety issues with respect to petroleum exploration drilling, carbon sequestration and radioactive waste disposal. This volume explores the common ground linking geomechanics with inter alia economic and petroleum geology, structural geology, petrophysics, seismology, geotechnics, reservoir engineering and production technology. Geomechanics is a rapidly developing field that brings together a broad range of subsurface professionals seeking to use their expertise to solve current challenges in applied and fundamental geoscience. A rich diversity of case studies herein showcase applications of geomechanics to hydrocarbon exploration and field development, natural and artificial geohazards, reservoir stimulation, contemporary tectonics and subsurface fluid flow. These papers provide a representative snapshot of the exciting state of geomechanics and establish it firmly as a flourishing subdiscipline of geology that merits broadest exposure across the academic and corporate geosciences. |
rock deformation geology: Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas Gianluca Groppelli, Lothar Viereck-Goette, 2010 Accompanying CD-ROM, entitled Supplementary materials to Stratigraphy and geology of volcanic areas, includes three geologic maps in Adobe Acrobat PDF files. |
rock deformation geology: Rock Deformation David Griggs, John Handin, 2012-05-19 Contributing Authors Include G. J. F. MacDonald, William F. Brace, D. T. Griggs, And Many Others. |
rock deformation geology: Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation / Experimentelle und natürliche Gesteinsverformung P. Paulitsch, 2012-12-06 Ten years have passed since the last symposium on Rock Deformation was held in Los Angeles. The intervening period has seen striking advances in X-ray and experimental structural petrology. The Symposium of the Working Group on X-Ray and Experimental Structural Petrology, held at the invitation of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on 17 and 18 February, 1969, in the Mineralogy Institute of the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, was intended to display the progress made in this field. A meeting on the same had been held in 1968 at the Mineralogy Institute of the Technische Hochschule Aachen. The outcome of many years of effort has been the development of new, automated in struments for the X-ray processing of specimens. The X-ray and optical data so obtained are processed by computer to give complete texture diagrams; it is also possible to rotate the coordinates, and to make an indirect determination of data which have not been measured. In experimental structural petrology, the temperature and pressure dependence of the translational system has been studied in minerals from various types of rock formation which had not previously been investigated, and deductions were made concerning certain mineral parageneses. The original contributions on field findings were conceived and executed so as to point up the possible links with experimental work on structural petrology. They determine for a given mineral facies the pressure and temperature ranges to be applied in experimen tal studies of deformation in single crystals and in rocks. |
rock deformation geology: Analysis of Geological Structures Neville J. Price, John W. Cosgrove, 1990-08-16 A knowledge of structural geology is fundamental to understanding the processes by which the earth's crust has evolved. It is a subject of fundamental importance to students of geology, experienced field geologists and academic researchers as well as to petroleum and mining engineers. In contrast to many structural textbooks which dwell upon geometrical descriptions of geological structures, this book emphasises mechanical principles and the way in which they can be used to understand how and why a wide range of geological structures develop. Structures on all scales are considered but the emphasis of the book is on those that can be seen on the scale of hand specimen or outcrop. Drawing on their considerable teaching experience the authors present a coherent and lucid analysis of geological structures which will be welcomed by a wide variety of earth scientists. |
rock deformation geology: Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions George H. Davis, Stephen J. Reynolds, Charles F. Kluth, 2012-04-13 Relates the physical and geometric elegance of geologic structures within the Earth's crust and the ways in which these structures reflect the nature and origin of crystal deformation through time. The main thrust is on applications in regional tectonics, exploration geology, active tectonics and geohydrology. Techniques, experiments, and calculations are described in detail, with the purpose of offering active participation and discovery through laboratory and field work. |
rock deformation geology: Landslides John J. Clague, Douglas Stead, 2012-08-23 A comprehensive, one-stop synthesis of landslide science, for researchers and graduate students in geomorphology, engineering geology and geophysics. |
rock deformation geology: Rock Fractures in Geological Processes Agust Gudmundsson, 2011-04-28 Rock fractures control many of Earth's dynamic processes, including plate-boundary development, tectonic earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and fluid transport in the crust. An understanding of rock fractures is also essential for effective exploitation of natural resources such as ground water, geothermal water, and petroleum. This book combines results from fracture mechanics, materials science, rock mechanics, structural geology, hydrogeology, and fluid mechanics to explore and explain fracture processes and fluid transport in the crust. Basic concepts are developed from first principles and illustrated with worked examples linking models of geological processes to real field observations and measurements. Many additional examples and exercises are provided online, allowing readers to practise formulating and quantitative testing of models. Rock Fractures in Geological Processes is designed for courses at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level but also forms a vital resource for researchers and industry professionals concerned with fractures and fluid transport in the Earth's crust. |
rock deformation geology: Microtectonics C.W. Passchier, R.A.J. Trouw, 2013-06-29 Microtectonics is the interpretation of small-scale deformation structures in rocks. They are studied by optical microscope and contain abundant information on the history and type of deformation and metamorphism in a rock and are therefore used by most geologists to obtain data for large-scale geological interpretations. This advanced textbook contains a large number of photographs and explanatory drawings, special chapters on related techniques, a chapter on microgauges and a simple, non-mathematical treatment of continuum mechanics with practical examples. Special terms are explained in boxes. This textbook is suited for independent use during optical studies on microstructures as a reference manual and as a manual for short courses. |
rock deformation geology: Studies in Mineralogy and Precambrian Geology Bruce R. Doe, Deane Kingsley Smith, 1972 |
rock deformation geology: Rock Deformation David T. Griggs, John Handin, 1960 |
rock deformation geology: The Encyclopedia of Applied Geology Charles W. Finkl, 1984-07-31 The Encyclopedia of Applied Geology is an international compendium of engineering geology topics prepared by experts from many countries. The volume contains more than eighty main entries in alphabetical order, dealing with hydrology, rock structure monitoring and soil mechanics in addition to engineering geology. Special topics focus on earth science information and sources, electrokinetics, forensic geology, geocryology, nuclear plant siting, photogrammetry, tunnels and tunnelling, urban geomorphology and well data systems. |
rock deformation geology: Industrial Structural Geology F.L. Richards, N.J. Richardson, S.J. Rippington, R.W. Wilson, C.E. Bond , 2015-10-22 The practical application of structural geology in industry is varied and diverse; it is relevant at all scales, from plate-wide screening of new exploration areas down to fluid-flow behaviour along individual fractures. From an industry perspective, good structural practice is essential since it feeds into the quantification and recovery of reserves and ultimately underpins commercial investment choices. Many of the fundamental structural principles and techniques used by industry can be traced back to the academic community, and this volume aims to provide insights into how structural theory translates into industry practice. Papers in this publication describe case studies and workflows that demonstrate applied structural geology, covering a spread of topics including trap definition, fault seal, fold-and-thrust belts, fractured reservoirs, fluid flow and geomechanics. Against a background of evolving ideas, new data types and advancing computational tools, the volume highlights the need for structural geologists to constantly re-evaluate the role they play in solving industrial challenges. |
rock deformation geology: Geology and Tectonics of Subduction Zones: A Tribute to Gaku Kimura Timothy Byrne, Michael B. Underwood, Donald Fisher, Lisa McNeill, Demian Saffer, Kohtaro Ujiie, Asuka Yamaguchi, 2018-07-06 This volume highlights the career of Dr. Gaku Kimura, professor emeritus of geosciences at the University of Tokyo, by showing the spectrum of research required to understand these dynamic environments and the range of research he has inspired. The first three chapters provide context for the growth of accretionary prisms by examining the thermal structure of the ocean crust, and the sedimentary facies and potential fluid pathways in the Shikoku Basin. Next, two chapters look at the regional-scale structure of the plate boundary and the rheology and hysteresis of the hanging wall of the subduction zone in SW Japan. The following five chapters discuss the progressive deformation and thermal maturation of sediments along accretionary margins from Japan to New Zealand to western North America. The final two chapters look at the deformation processes near the subducting plate interface with the last chapter proposing a link between outcrop-scale observations and seismic slip. |
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