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| reducing space mission cost: Reducing Space Mission Cost James Richard Wertz, Wiley J. Larson, 1996-01-01 This book is a follow-on to the now standard text and reference, Space Mission Analysis and Design, also edited by Drs. Wertz and Larson. It is required reading for professionals, students, and managers in astronautics or space sicences and managers or scientists involved in space experiments. This book shows that reducing space mission cost, without reducing reliability, is as possible as it is important for the future of space exploration. |
| reducing space mission cost: International Study on Cost-Effective Earth Observation Missions Rainer Sandau, 2006-03-09 It is within the means of many nations to conduct or participate in cost-effective Earth observation missions. This study provides a definition of cost-effective Earth observation missions and information about background material and organizational support. It discusses cost drivers and provides advice on achieving cost-effective missions and discusses training and education. The conclusions and recommendations range from more general factors, which drive the small satellite mission activities, to visions of future cost-effective Earth observation missions. Complementary to large complex missions, small satellite missions have specific advantages: more frequent missions opportunities and therefore faster return of science and application data, a larger variety of missions and greater diversification of potential users; more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base; greater involvement of local and small industry. This volume will prove to be a useful source of information to governments, space agencies, academia, and industry. |
| reducing space mission cost: Reducing the Costs of Space Science Research Missions National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Space Studies Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Joint Committee on Technology for Space Science and Applications of the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board and the Space Studies Board, 1997-07-12 |
| reducing space mission cost: Reducing the Cost of Spacecraft Ground Systems and Operations Jiun-Jih Miau, Richard Holdaway, 2013-03-14 Reducing the cost of space program interests people more and more nowadays due to the concerns of budget limitation and commercialization of space technology. The Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Reducing the Cost of Spacecraft Ground Systems and Operations bring together papers contributed by the authors representing the research organizations, academic institutions and commercial sectors of 10 countries around the world. The papers encompass the subject areas in mission planning and operation, TT&C systems, mission control centers, and mini and small satellite support, highlighting the issues concerned by the researchers and engineers involved in a wide range of space programs and space industries. |
| reducing space mission cost: Cost-effective Space Mission Operations Daryl G. Boden, Wiley J. Larson, 1996 This text describes the relationship between mission opera- tions and the other elements of the space mission. It defines the process that translates mission objectives and requirements into a viable mission operations concept. It describes how interplanetary, international, microsatellite, and crewed missions operate. |
| reducing space mission cost: The Space Shuttle Decision T. A. Heppenheimer, 1999 Long before the NASA was the throes of planning for the Apollo voyages to the Moon, many people had seen the need for a vehicle that could access space routinely. The idea of a reusable space shuttle dates at least to the theoretical rocketplane studies of the 1930s, but by the 1950s it had become an integral part of a master plan for space exploration. The goal of efficient access to space in a heavy-lift booster prompted NASA's commitment to the space shuttle as the vehicle to continue human space flight. By the mid-1960s, NASA engineers concluded that the necessary technology was within reach to enable the creation of a reusable winged space vehicle that could haul scientific and applications satellites of all types into orbit for all users. President Richard M. Nixon approved the effort to build the shuttle in 1972 and the first orbital flight took place in 1981. Although the development program was risky, a talented group of scientists and engineers worked to create this unique space vehicle and their efforts were largely successful. Since 1981, the various orbiters -Atlantis, Columbia, Discovery, Endeavour, and Challenger (lost in 1986 during the only Space Shuttle accident)- have made early 100 flights into space. Through 1998, the space shuttle has carried more than 800 major scientific and technological payloads into orbit and its astronaut crews have conducted more than 50 extravehicular activities, including repairing satellites and the initial building of the International Space Station. The shuttle remains the only vehicle in the world with the dual ability to deliver and return large payloads to and from orbit, and is also the world's most reliable launch system. The design, now almost three decades old, is still state-of-the-art in many areas, including computerized flight control, airframe design, electrical power systems, thermal protection system, and main engines. This significant new study of the decision to build the space shuttle explains the shuttle's origin and early development. In addition to internal NASA discussions, this work details the debates in the late 1960s and early 1970s among policymakers in Congress, the Air Force, and the Office of Management and Budget over the roles and technical designs of the shuttle. Examining the interplay of these organizations with sometimes conflicting goals, the author not only explains how the world's premier space launch vehicle came into being, but also how politics can interact with science, technology, national security, and economics in national government. |
| reducing space mission cost: Guidelines and Metrics for Assessing Space System Cost Estimates Bernard Fox, Kevin Brancato, Brien Alkire, 2008 1. Introduction / 2. Space system fundamentals / 3. Reviewing a cost estimate / 4. Space vehicle cost crosschecks / 5. Common issues in estimating space programs / 6. Resources for space system cost estimation / 7. Recommendations. |
| reducing space mission cost: Faster, Better, Cheaper Howard E. McCurdy, 2003-04-01 “This excellent summary of an important part of NASA’s history is recommended for all readers.” —Choice In Faster, Better, Cheaper: Low-Cost Innovation in the U.S. Space Program, Howard E. McCurdy examines NASA’s recent efforts to save money while improving mission frequency and performance. McCurdy details sixteen missions undertaken as the twentieth century drew to a close—including an orbit of the moon, deployment of three space telescopes, four Earth-orbiting satellites, two rendezvous with comets and asteroids, and a test of an ion propulsion engine—which cost less than the sum traditionally spent on a single, conventionally planned planetary mission. He shows how these missions employed smaller spacecraft and cheaper technology to undertake less complex and more specific tasks in outer space. While the technological innovation and space exploration approach that McCurdy describes is still controversial, the historical perspective on its disappointments and triumphs points to ways of developing “faster, better, and cheaper” as a management manifesto. “Readers interested in either the management or economics of complex organizations will find a wealth of material in this well-written exposition. Fans of space travel, like the author himself, will also enjoy the behind-the-scenes look at NASA’s operation.” —Enterprise and Society |
| reducing space mission cost: Space Technology for the New Century Committee on Advanced Space Technology, 1998-02-10 |
| reducing space mission cost: Human Spaceflight Wiley J. Larson, Linda K. Pranke, 2000 Human spaceflight: mission analysis and design is for you if you manage, design, or operate systems for human spaceflight! It provides end-to-end coverage of designing human space systems for Earth, Moon, and Mars. If you are like many others, this will become the dog-eared book that is always on your desk -and used. The book includes over 800 rules of thumb and sanity checks that will enable you to identify key issues and errors early in the design processes. This book was written by group of 67 professional engineers, managers, and educators from industry, government, and academia that collectively share over 600 years of space-related experience! The team from the United States, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and Russia worked for four-and-one-half years to capture industry and government best practices and lessons-learned from industry and government in an effort to baseline global conceptual design experience for human spaceflight. Human spaceflight: mission analysis and design provides a much-needed big-picture perspective that can be used by managers, engineers and students to integrate the myriad of elements associated with human spaceflight. |
| reducing space mission cost: Out of This World Paul Sean Hill, 2018-01-04 Failure is always an option... For more than 50 years, NASA's Mission Control has been known for two things: perfect decision making in extreme situations and producing generations of steely-eyed missile men and women who continue that tradition. A key to that legacy of brilliant performance is a particular brand of leadership, especially at the working level in Mission Control. Take the ultimate insiders look at the leadership values and culture that created the best team on this planet. Paul Sean Hill was responsible for NASA's Mission Operations support for manned space flight from 2007-2011. In this candid book he shows that the secret to Mission Control's success has never been rocket science and that the real practice of perfect decision making can be applied to any organisation or team. By demonstrating how his Mission Control team nurtured a culture which has delivered impossible wins for decades, Hill provides a guide for all leaders to boost their company's performance at all levels. Whether failure means cost and schedule overruns, quality reduction, loss of market share, bankruptcy - or putting someone's life a risk, how we lead can determine whether even small mistakes are dealt with or are left to snowball out of control and destroy an enterprise. Discover how to take leadership from the Mission Control Room to your boardroom and beyond, and achieve this out-of-this-world leadership environment in your team. |
| reducing space mission cost: Proceedings of the 12th Reinventing Space Conference Scott Hatton, 2016-12-25 The proceedings of the 2014 Reinventing Space conference present a number of questions in the context of a constantly innovating space industry, from addressing the future of global cooperation, investigating the impact of cuts in US government spending on the private space sector, and probing the overall future of the commercial launch sector. Space tourism and new technology promise the revival of interest in space development (the Apollo Era was the first period of intense space activity and growth). The need to create dramatically lower cost, responsive and reliable launch systems and spacecraft has never been more vital. Advances in technology are allowing smaller and cheaper satellites to be orbited - from cubesats to nanosatellites to femtosatellites. Thanks to more efficient new launch possibilities, low cost access to space is becoming ever more achievable. Commercial companies and countries are targeting the industry with new funding. Organised by the British Interplanetary Society, the presentations at this conference thoroughly address these challenges and opportunities. |
| reducing space mission cost: Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Space Studies Board, Committee on Cost Growth in NASA Earth and Space Science Missions, 2010-09-21 Cost and schedule growth is a problem experienced by many types of projects in many fields of endeavor. Based on prior studies of cost growth in NASA and Department of Defense projects, this book identifies specific causes of cost growth associated with NASA Earth and space science missions and provides guidance on how NASA can overcome these specific problems. The recommendations in this book focus on changes in NASA policies that would directly reduce or eliminate the cost growth of Earth and space science missions. Large cost growth is a concern for Earth and space science missions, and it can be a concern for other missions as well. If the cost growth is large enough, it can create liquidity problems for NASA's Science Mission Directorate that in turn cause cost profile changes and development delays that amplify the overall cost growth for other concurrent and/or pending missions. Addressing cost growth through the allocation of artificially high reserves is an inefficient use of resources because it unnecessarily diminishes the portfolio of planned flights. The most efficient use of resources is to establish realistic budgets and reserves and effective management processes that maximize the likelihood that mission costs will not exceed reserves. NASA is already taking action to reduce cost growth; additional steps, as recommended herein, will help improve NASA's mission planning process and achieve the goal of ensuring frequent mission opportunities for NASA Earth and space science. |
| reducing space mission cost: New Space Frontiers Piers Bizony, 2014-10-15 Take a journey into the New Space Frontier! It is easy to imagine that the space shuttle's retirement has edged the Space Age toward closure, at least in terms of human flight beyond the bounds of earth. In fact, there are more people-carrying ships being constructed now than at any time since Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space half a century ago. Some are already servicing the International Space Station - which, incidentally, has ensured a permanent human presence in space for the last two decades, and is set to continue and expand for decades yet to come. What's more, NASA is no longer the only big player in the space game. Commercial, non-governmental space exploration is becoming a reality rather than just a pipe dream. What orbital adventures await us in the next five decades? Will humans ever again head into deep space, as the Apollo astronauts once did? NASA's new hardware is aimed toward asteroid missions, and ultimately, Mars, but there is a significant chance that a government funded space agency will not be the only - or even the first - organization to send humans across the solar system. Get ready to experience the excitement of adventure with New Space Frontier. Through gorgeous photography and engaging writing, noted space and science author Piers Bizony speculates beyond just today's hardware and explores what might be possible for the next generation. |
| reducing space mission cost: Safety Design for Space Systems Gary Eugene Musgrave, Axel Larsen, Tommaso Sgobba, 2009-03-27 Progress in space safety lies in the acceptance of safety design and engineering as an integral part of the design and implementation process for new space systems. Safety must be seen as the principle design driver of utmost importance from the outset of the design process, which is only achieved through a culture change that moves all stakeholders toward front-end loaded safety concepts. This approach entails a common understanding and mastering of basic principles of safety design for space systems at all levels of the program organisation. Fully supported by the International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety (IAASS), written by the leading figures in the industry, with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station, this book provides a comprehensive reference for aerospace engineers in industry. It addresses each of the key elements that impact on space systems safety, including: the space environment (natural and induced); human physiology in space; human rating factors; emergency capabilities; launch propellants and oxidizer systems; life support systems; battery and fuel cell safety; nuclear power generators (NPG) safety; habitat activities; fire protection; safety-critical software development; collision avoidance systems design; operations and on-orbit maintenance. - The only comprehensive space systems safety reference, its must-have status within space agencies and suppliers, technical and aerospace libraries is practically guaranteed - Written by the leading figures in the industry from NASA, ESA, JAXA, (et cetera), with frontline experience from projects ranging from the Apollo missions, Skylab, the Space Shuttle, small and large satellite systems, and the International Space Station - Superb quality information for engineers, programme managers, suppliers and aerospace technologists; fully supported by the IAASS (International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety) |
| reducing space mission cost: Faster, Better, Cheaper Howard E. McCurdy, 2001-12-26 McCurdy examines NASA's recent efforts to save money while improving mission frequency and performance.. |
| reducing space mission cost: The Logic of Microspace Rick Fleeter, 2000-01-01 The logic of microspace provides the reader with the technical and managerial tools and perspectives to lead a microspace program. But more importantly, the reader gains the desire to use small, low-cost space missions to create a better program, a better project, and even a better world. Rick's humor and sincere enthusiasm, his deep, native understanding of the field, are contagious. The logic of microspace is the fastest route to an infusion of infectious new ideas you won't want to resist. |
| reducing space mission cost: Economic Principles Applied to Space Industry Decisions Joel S. Greenberg, 2003 |
| reducing space mission cost: The Logic of Microspace Rick Fleeter, 2000 Changing the focus of the multibillion-dollar global aerospace business toward smaller, lower-cost spacecraft is not happening solely due to technical, managerial, financial or market motivations. Rick Fleeter's second book on the small, low-cost space programmes which are the fastest-growing segment of aerospace activity, gives the reader a keen understanding of the full spectrum of factors driving this profound change. The text then goes beyond engineering technologies and management techniques to envision the tantalizing prospects microspace has in store for the industry, its present markets and those of the future. |
| reducing space mission cost: Space Propulsion Analysis and Design Ronald Humble, 1995-09-01 The only comprehensive text available on space propulsion for students and professionals in astronautics. |
| reducing space mission cost: Aeronautics and Space Report of the President ... Activities United States. President, 1995 |
| reducing space mission cost: Aeronautics and Space Report of the President United States. President, 1991 |
| reducing space mission cost: Spacecraft Systems Engineering Peter Fortescue, Graham Swinerd, John Stark, 2011-08-24 This fourth edition of the bestselling Spacecraft Systems Engineering title provides the reader with comprehensive coverage of the design of spacecraft and the implementation of space missions, across a wide spectrum of space applications and space science. The text has been thoroughly revised and updated, with each chapter authored by a recognized expert in the field. Three chapters – Ground Segment, Product Assurance and Spacecraft System Engineering – have been rewritten, and the topic of Assembly, Integration and Verification has been introduced as a new chapter, filling a gap in previous editions. This edition addresses ‘front-end system-level issues’ such as environment, mission analysis and system engineering, but also progresses to a detailed examination of subsystem elements which represents the core of spacecraft design. This includes mechanical, electrical and thermal aspects, as well as propulsion and control. This quantitative treatment is supplemented by an emphasis on the interactions between elements, which deeply influences the process of spacecraft design. Adopted on courses worldwide, Spacecraft Systems Engineering is already widely respected by students, researchers and practising engineers in the space engineering sector. It provides a valuable resource for practitioners in a wide spectrum of disciplines, including system and subsystem engineers, spacecraft equipment designers, spacecraft operators, space scientists and those involved in related sectors such as space insurance. In summary, this is an outstanding resource for aerospace engineering students, and all those involved in the technical aspects of design and engineering in the space sector. |
| reducing space mission cost: Complex Systems Concurrent Engineering Geilson Loureiro, Richard Curran, 2007-08-10 This volume features the proceedings of the 14th ISPE Conference on Concurrent Engineering, held in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, on the 16th – 20th of July 2007. It highlights the application of concurrent engineering to the development of complex systems. |
| reducing space mission cost: The Vice Chairman’s Doctrine Ian Domowitz, 2022-03-28 There are books about product and companies but no books about a company as a product. The Vice Chair arrives from orbit around a corporation with a doctrine of leadership without authority for business warriors who reject control, live in a world of influencers, and aspire to become one. Process and culture converge as competitive advantage by refashioning priorities for Industry 4.0 through unorthodox lenses in a no holds-barred treatment of influence and leverage complete with coaching, mantras, and essential tales of leadership. Competitive action is focused through design thinking and transformation within a social system. A greater metamorphosis combines personal development with management of a company as though it were a product, leading to culture, branding, and innovation in the form of actionable values. |
| reducing space mission cost: The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs National Research Council, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, Space Studies Board, Committee on Earth Studies, 2000-05-12 Remote observations of Earth from space serve an extraordinarily broad range of purposes, resulting in extraordinary demands on those at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and elsewhere who must decide how to execute them. In research, Earth observations promise large volumes of data to a variety of disciplines with differing needs for measurement type, simultaneity, continuity, and long-term instrument stability. Operational needs, such as weather forecasting, add a distinct set of requirements for continual and highly reliable monitoring of global conditions. The Role of Small Satellites in NASA and NOAA Earth Observation Programs confronts these diverse requirements and assesses how they might be met by small satellites. In the past, the preferred architecture for most NASA and NOAA missions was a single large spacecraft platform containing a sophisticated suite of instruments. But the recognition in other areas of space research that cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and robustness may be enhanced by using small spacecraft has raised questions about this philosophy of Earth observation. For example, NASA has already abandoned its original plan for a follow-on series of major platforms in its Earth Observing System. This study finds that small spacecraft can play an important role in Earth observation programs, providing to this field some of the expected benefits that are normally associated with such programs, such as rapid development and lower individual mission cost. It also identifies some of the programmatic and technical challenges associated with a mission composed of small spacecraft, as well as reasons why more traditional, larger platforms might still be preferred. The reasonable conclusion is that a systems-level examination is required to determine the optimum architecture for a given scientific and/or operational objective. The implied new challenge is for NASA and NOAA to find intra- and interagency planning mechanisms that can achieve the most appropriate and cost-effective balance among their various requirements. |
| reducing space mission cost: Orbital Mechanics Tom Logsdon, 1997-10-24 A lively study of orbital mechanics by the writer responsible for the computer simulations and systems analysis for the Saturn V moon rocket, Project Skylab and many others. Provides thorough coverage of all background theories, including unusual concepts and paradoxes that will enhance appreciation of this field. Includes discussion of rocket propulsion and optimization of techniques for maximizing payload and minimizing fuel consumption, plus complete coverage of the interaction of space vehicles and space bodies. |
| reducing space mission cost: Design Methodologies for Space Transportation Systems Walter Edward Hammond, 2001 Annotation Design Methodologies for Space Transportation Systems is a sequel to the author's earlier text, Space Transportation: A Systems Approach to Analysis and Design. Both texts represent the most comprehensive exposition of the existing knowledge and practice in the design and project management of space transportation systems, and they reflect a wealth of experience by the author with the design and management of space systems. The text discusses new conceptual changes in the design philosophy away from multistage expendable vehicles to winged, reusable launch vehicles and presents an overview of the systems engineering and vehicle design process as well as systems trades and analysis. Individual chapters are devoted to specific disciplines such as aerodynamics, aerothermal analysis, structures, materials, propulsion, flight mechanics and trajectories, avionics and computers, and control systems. The final chapters deal with human factors, payload, launch and mission operations, safety, and mission assurance. The two texts by the author provide a valuable source of information for the space transportation community of designers, operators, and managers. A companion CD-ROM succinctly packages some oversized figures and tables, resources for systems engineering and launch ranges, and a compendium of software programs. The computer programs include the USAF AIRPLANE AND MISSILE DATCOM CODES (with extensive documentation); COSTMODL for software costing; OPGUID launch vehicle trajectory generator; SUPERFLO-a series of 11 programs intended for solving compressible flow problems in ducts and pipes found in industrial facilities; and a wealth of Microsoft Excel spreadsheet programs covering thedisciplines of statistics, vehicle trajectories, propulsion performance, math utilities, |
| reducing space mission cost: The national space transportation policy : issues for Congress. , 1995 In responding to the political and military challenges of the Cold War, and the urge to explore and exploit outer space, the United States developed a capable fleet of space transportation systems for carrying cargo and people into space, and for ensuring a credible strategic nuclear deterrent. These systems are owned and managed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Defense, and private industry. In recent years, increasing federal budget constraints, commercial competition from foreign launch firms, and a desire to continue an ambitious space program have created pressures within the United States to reduce the costs of access to space. Significantly lower space transportation costs would make the U.S. space industry more commercially competitive, foster the expansion and creation of new space markets, and ensure access to space for government payloads and manned missions. This report, prepared for the House Committee on Science, is the first in a broad assessment of the health and future prospects of the U.S. space transportation technology and industrial base. The report focuses on the Clinton Administration's National Space Transportation Policy, which was released last fall. It examines administration policy in light of the implementation plans prepared by NASA, DOD, and the Transportation and Commerce Departments. As the report notes, the new policy brings a welcome measure of order to the sometimes chaotic structure of U.S. space transportation activities. The policy also emphasizes the important contribution private industry can make to the direction and development of U.S. space transportation capabilities. However, an analysis of the policy and implementation plans also raises some issues that might be of interest to Congress as it debates space transportation legislation, oversight, and funding. |
| reducing space mission cost: Conceptual Design and Flight Simulation of Space Stations Reinhold Bertrand, 1998 |
| reducing space mission cost: Shaping Science Janet Vertesi, 2020-11-06 “A fascinating inside look at NASA missions” that provides important insight on the organizational aspects of scientific collaboration (American Journal of Sociology). In Shaping Science, Janet Vertesi draws on a decade of immersive ethnography with NASA’s robotic spacecraft teams to create a comparative account of two great space missions of the early 2000s. Although these missions featured robotic explorers on the frontiers of the solar system bravely investigating new worlds, their commands were issued from millions of miles away by a very human team. By examining the two teams’ formal structures, decision-making techniques, and informal work practices in the day-to-day process of mission planning, Vertesi shows just how deeply entangled a team’s local organizational context is with the knowledge they produce about other worlds. Using extensive, embedded experiences on two NASA spacecraft teams, this is the first book to apply organizational studies of work to the laboratory environment in order to analyze the production of scientific knowledge itself. Engaging and deeply researched, Shaping Science demonstrates the significant influence that the social organization of a scientific team can have on the practices of that team and the results they yield. “No matter how the lakes on Titan shimmer, or what the mineralogy of a particular Martian rock turns out to be, it was the people behind the spacecraft, keyboards and endless tele-conferences that drove what these interplanetary robots discovered. I’m glad to have come to know them even better through this book.” —Nature “A fun, illuminating read . . . scholars of science, technology, work, and organizations will find much to appreciate.” —American Journal of Sociology “Will be of great interest to all historians of science.” —Technology and Culture |
| reducing space mission cost: The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering Utku Taşova, 2023-11-03 Propelling Understanding: Your Launchpad to Aerospace Engineering Excellence The realm of aerospace engineering is a confluence of science, ambition, and human endeavor, encapsulating the relentless pursuit of pushing boundaries and transcending terrestrial limitations. It is a domain that continually stretches the fabric of what is possible, melding imagination with the rigors of engineering precision. The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering, with its extensive compilation of 6,000 meticulously curated titles, serves as a cornerstone for those engaged in this dynamic field, offering a wellspring of knowledge and a pathway to mastery. Embarking on the pages of this dictionary is akin to launching into a voyage through the core principles, advanced methodologies, and the ever-evolving technologies that are the hallmarks of aerospace engineering. Each entry is a beacon, illuminating complex terminologies and nuanced concepts, aiding both the seasoned engineer and the aspiring practitioner in navigating the vast expanse of aerospace engineering knowledge. The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering is not merely a repository of terms but an edifice of understanding. It is a conduit through which the intricate and the arcane become accessible, where challenging concepts are decoded into comprehensible insights. This dictionary is an endeavor to foster a shared lexicon, to enhance communication, collaboration, and innovation across the aerospace engineering community. This comprehensive reference material transcends being a passive dictionary; it is a dynamic engagement with the multifaceted domain of aerospace engineering. Each term, each title is a testament to the relentless spirit of inquiry and the unyielding drive for innovation that characterizes the aerospace engineering sector. The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering is an invitation to delve deeper, to engage with the lexicon of flight and space, and to emerge with a richer understanding and a sharpened expertise. It’s a portal through which the uninitiated become adept, the curious become enlightened, and the proficient become masters. Every term, every phrase is a step closer to unraveling the mysteries and embracing the challenges that propel the aerospace engineering domain forward. As you traverse through the entries of The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering, you are embarking on a journey of discovery. A journey that will not only augment your understanding but will also ignite the spark of curiosity and the drive for innovation that are the hallmarks of excellence in aerospace engineering. We beckon you to commence this educational expedition, to explore the breadth and depth of aerospace engineering lexicon, and to emerge with a boundless understanding and an unyielding resolve to contribute to the ever-evolving narrative of aerospace engineering. Through The Dictionary of Aerospace Engineering, may your quest for knowledge soar to new heights and may your contributions to the aerospace engineering domain echo through the annals of human achievement. |
| reducing space mission cost: Artificial Gravity Gilles Clément, Angeli Bukley, 2007-05-28 William H. Paloski, Ph. D. Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office NASA Johnson Space Center Artificial gravity is an old concept, having gotten its start in the late in the 19th century when Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, considered by many to be the father of the Russian space program, realized that the human body might not respond well to the free fall of orbital space flight. To solve this problem, he proposed that space stations be rotated to create centripetal accelerations that might provide inertial loading similar to terrestrial gravitational loading. Einstein later showed in his equivalence principle that acceleration is indeed indistinguishable from gravity. Subsequently, other individuals of note, including scientists like Werner von Braun as well as artists like Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick, devised elaborate solutions for spinning vehicles to provide “artificial gravity” that would offset the untoward physiological consequences of spaceflight. By 1959, concerns about the then-unknown human responses to spaceflight drove NASA to consider the necessity of incorporating artificial gravity in its earliest human space vehicles. Of course, owing in part to the relatively short durations of the planned missions, artificial gravity was not used in the early NASA programs. |
| reducing space mission cost: Low Earth Orbit Satellite Design George Sebestyen, Steve Fujikawa, Nicholas Galassi, Alex Chuchra, 2018-02-06 In recent decades, the number of satellites being built and launched into Earth’s orbit has grown immensely, alongside the field of space engineering itself. This book offers an in-depth guide to engineers and professionals seeking to understand the technologies behind Low Earth Orbit satellites. With access to special spreadsheets that provide the key equations and relationships needed for mastering spacecraft design, this book gives the growing crop of space engineers and professionals the tools and resources they need to prepare their own LEO satellite designs, which is especially useful for designers of small satellites such as those launched by universities. Each chapter breaks down the various mathematics and principles underlying current spacecraft software and hardware designs. |
| reducing space mission cost: Space Mission Analysis and Design Wiley J. Larson, A.V. Wertz, 2013-10-05 With the second edition of Space Mission Analysis and Design, two changes have been introduced in the Space Technology Library. Foremost among these is the intro duction of the Space Technology Series as a part of the Space Technology Library. Dr. Wiley Larson of the US Air Force Academy and University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, will serve as Managing Editor for the Space Technology Series. This series is a cooperative effort of the Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Department of Energy, and European Space Agency, coor dinated by the US Air Force Academy. The sponsors intend to bring a number of books into the series to improve the literature base in the fundamentals of space technology, beginning with the current volume. Books which are not a part of the Space Technology Series, but which also represent a substantial contribution to the space technology literature, will still be published in the Space Technology Library. As always, we welcome suggestions and contributions from the aerospace com munity. |
| reducing space mission cost: Influence of Psychological Factors on Product Development E.S. Kamata, 2006-01-19 This book focuses on the interrelationship of social, technical, and organizational aspects of and related to the product development process. It originated from activities in practice in industry and research laboratories. In order to ensure relative autonomy from the short-term economic interests of a given industrial branch or specific company, the research for this work was first conducted in pursuit of a PhD thesis intended to provide practice-oriented results. With the ansatz practice – theory – practice, a generalizable approach was achieved. It then evolved to cover additional issues brought forth by recent cases in the aerospace industry, among others. A combination of scientific methodologies is used to focus on the psychological factors that influence the quality of technical product development processes. The basic framework is provided by the grounded theory—a qualitative approach, in which data was not only collected by this author but is extended to cases from the history of technology described in the published literature. The inclusion of historical cases is possible, thanks to the availability of sufficiently detailed descriptions for examination in terms of the grounded theory principles. They appear in the Appendix. Cases cited were verified by comparing them with contrasting viewpoints from various sources. I was able to examine and complement some cases by contacting persons associated with the programs analyzed. Quantitative studies are also integrated in this research to verify the elements resulting from the grounded theory integration. |
| reducing space mission cost: Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications D.A. Vallado, 2001-06-30 Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications is rapidly becoming the standard astrodynamics reference for those involved in the business of spaceflight. What sets this book apart is that nearly all of the theoretical mathematics is followed by discussions of practical applications implemented in tested software routines. For example, the book includes a compendium of algorithms that allow students and professionals to determine orbits with high precision using a PC. Without a doubt, when an astrodynamics problem arises in the future, it will become standard practice for engineers to keep this volume close at hand and `look it up in Vallado'. While the first edition was an exceptionally useful and popular book throughout the community, there are a number of reasons why the second edition will be even more so. There are many reworked examples and derivations. Newly introduced topics include ground illumination calculations, Moon rise and set, and a listing of relevant Internet sites. There is an improved and expanded discussion of coordinate systems, orbit determination, and differential correction. Perhaps most important is that all of the software routines described in the book are now available for free in FORTRAN, PASCAL, and C. This makes the second edition an even more valuable text and superb reference. |
| reducing space mission cost: Access to space : the future of U.S. space transportation systems. , 1990 |
| reducing space mission cost: A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations Helmut Volger, 2021-12-28 This English edition of the German Lexikon der Vereinten Nationen provides concise and comprehensive information not only about the structure of the UN system, its goals and functions, but about recent developments and reform efforts in the face of global opportunities and challenges. The contributing authors are academic scholars of international law, economics and political sciences; active and former diplomats and UN officials; journalists and members of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and offer a variety of interesting perspectives. The entries are provided with Internet addresses for further information and are supplemented in the annex with a trilingual list (English-French-German) of the most important institutions and items of the official terminology and a list of information facilities concerning the UN. Readership: scholars and students of international law, international economics and political sciences, teachers, journalists, diplomats and politicians in the parliaments of the UN member states. This new encyclopedia on the United Nations is a welcome addition to the works of academic research and political analysis covering the organization, its complex goals in the post-cold war era, and its ever broader role in the new millennium. While taking stock of more than half a century's achievements and setbacks, the encyclopedia also reflects the many ways in which the United Nations touches the lives of people everywhere. from the Preface by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan |
| reducing space mission cost: Leading the Web in Concurrent Engineering Parisa Ghodous, Rose Dieng-Kuntz, Geilson Loureiro, 2006 Contains papers on the advances in Concurrent Engineering research and applications. This book focuses on developing methodologies, techniques and tools based on Web technologies required to support the key objectives of Concurrent Engineering. |
REDUCING Synonyms: 168 Similar and Opposite Words
Synonyms for REDUCING: decreasing, diminishing, shortening, lessening, compression, abridgement, shrinking, curtailment; Antonyms of REDUCING: extending, stretching, extension, …
72 Synonyms & Antonyms for REDUCING - Thesaurus.com
Find 72 different ways to say REDUCING, along with antonyms, related words, and example …
REDUCING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
REDUCING definition: 1. present participle of reduce 2. to become or to make something become smaller in …
REDUCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number, etc.. to reduce one's weight by 10 pounds. to lower in …
Reducing - definition of reducing by The Free Diction…
To bring to a humbler, weaker, difficult, or forced state or condition; especially: a. To gain control of; subject or conquer: "a design to reduce them under absolute despotism" …
REDUCING Synonyms: 168 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for REDUCING: decreasing, diminishing, shortening, lessening, compression, abridgement, shrinking, curtailment; Antonyms of REDUCING: extending, stretching, …
72 Synonyms & Antonyms for REDUCING - Thesaurus.com
Find 72 different ways to say REDUCING, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.
REDUCING | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
REDUCING definition: 1. present participle of reduce 2. to become or to make something become smaller in size, amount…. Learn more.
REDUCE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
to bring down to a smaller extent, size, amount, number, etc.. to reduce one's weight by 10 pounds. to lower in degree, intensity, etc.. to reduce the speed of a car. to bring down to a …
Reducing - definition of reducing by The Free Dictionary
To bring to a humbler, weaker, difficult, or forced state or condition; especially: a. To gain control of; subject or conquer: "a design to reduce them under absolute despotism" (Declaration of …
reduce verb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...
Definition of reduce verb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
What does reducing mean? - Definitions.net
reducing. Reducing is the process of making something smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, or scale. It can also refer to simplifying or breaking down a complex issue or …
reducing - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
to bring down to a smaller size, amount, price, etc.: reduced her weight by ten pounds. to lower in degree, intensity, etc.: reduced the speed of the car. to treat (something complicated) by …
REDUCE Synonyms: 119 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Some common synonyms of reduce are abate, decrease, diminish, dwindle, and lessen. While all these words mean "to grow or make less," reduce implies a bringing down or lowering. When …
Reduce - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
Other forms: reduced; reducing; reduces. You reduce something when you lessen its volume, size, or degree. That's why we say when someone goes on a diet, it's because they want to …
