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| proximate analysis method: Handbook of Coal Analysis James G. Speight, 2005-05-13 All the guidance needed to test coal and analyze the results With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use. The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes: * Detailed presentation of necessary standard tests and procedures * Explanation of coal behavior relative to its usage alongside the corresponding environmental issues * Coverage of nomenclature, terminology, sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis * Step-by-step test method protocols for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, mineral matter, physical and electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, spectroscopic properties, and solvent properties * Emphasis on relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods, including corresponding International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and British Standards Institution (BSI) test method numbers To assist readers in understanding the material, a glossary of terms is provided. Each term is defined in straightforward language that enables readers to better grasp complex concepts and theory. References at the end of each chapter lead readers to more in-depth discussions of specialized topics. This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production. |
| proximate analysis method: Modern Food Analysis Frank L. Hart, Harry J. Fisher, 2012-12-06 When the present authors entered govern in essence a modern version of Leach. It mental service, food chemists looked for differs from that book in that familiarity with the everyday practices of analytical chemistry, guidance to one book, Albert E. Leach's Food Inspection and Analysis, of which the fourth and the equipment of a modern food labora tory, is assumed. We have endeavored to revision by Andrew L. Winton had appeared in 1920. Twenty-one years later the fourth bring it up-to-date both by including newer (and last) edition of A. G. Woodman's Food methods where these were believed to be superior, and by assembling much new Analysis, which was a somewhat condensed text along the same lines, was published. analytical data on the composition of In the 27 years that have elapsed since the authentie sam pies of the various classes of appearance of Woodman's book, no Ameri foods. Many of the methods described herein can text has been published covering the same were tested in the laboratory of one of the field to the same completeness. Of course, authors, and several originated in that editions of Official Methods 0/ Analysis 0/ the laboratory. In many cases methods are accompanied by notes on points calling for Association 0/ Official Agricultural Chemists have regularly succeeded each other every special attention when these methods are five years, as have somewhat similar publica used. |
| proximate analysis method: Food Analysis Laboratory Manual S. Suzanne Nielsen, 2010-03-20 This second edition laboratory manual was written to accompany Food Analysis, Fourth Edition, ISBN 978-1-4419-1477-4, by the same author. The 21 laboratory exercises in the manual cover 20 of the 32 chapters in the textbook. Many of the laboratory exercises have multiple sections to cover several methods of analysis for a particular food component of characteristic. Most of the laboratory exercises include the following: introduction, reading assignment, objective, principle of method, chemicals, reagents, precautions and waste disposal, supplies, equipment, procedure, data and calculations, questions, and references. This laboratory manual is ideal for the laboratory portion of undergraduate courses in food analysis. |
| proximate analysis method: Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Marion Eugene Ensminger, Audrey H. Ensminger, 1993-11-09 Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition is the updated, expanded version of what has been described as a monumental, classic work. This new edition contains more than 2,400 pages; 1,692 illustrations, 96 of which are full-color photographs; 2,800 entries (topics); and 462 tables, including a table of 2,500 food compositions. A comprehensive index enables you to find information quickly and easily. |
| proximate analysis method: Animal Nutrition Science Gordon McL. Dryden, 2008 Animal Nutrition Science introduces the fundamental topics of animal nutrition, in a treatment which deals with terrestrial animals in general. The subjects covered include nutritional ecology and the evolution of feeding styles, nutrients (including minerals, vitamins and water) and their functions, food composition and methods of evaluating foods, mammalian and microbial digestion and the supply of nutrients, control and prediction of food intake, quantitative nutrition and ration formulation, methods of investigating nutritional problems, nutritional genomics, nutrition and the environment, and methods of feed processing and animal responses to processed foods. -- Publisher's description. |
| proximate analysis method: The Gods, the State, and the Individual John Scheid, 2015-10-20 Roman religion has long presented a number of challenges to historians approaching the subject from a perspective framed by the three Abrahamic religions. The Romans had no sacred text that espoused its creed or offered a portrait of its foundational myth. They described relations with the divine using technical terms widely employed to describe relations with other humans. Indeed, there was not even a word in classical Latin that corresponds to the English word religion. In The Gods, the State, and the Individual, John Scheid confronts these and other challenges directly. If Roman religious practice has long been dismissed as a cynical or naïve system of borrowed structures unmarked by any true piety, Scheid contends that this is the result of a misplaced expectation that the basis of religion lies in an individual's personal and revelatory relationship with his or her god. He argues that when viewed in the light of secular history as opposed to Christian theology, Roman religion emerges as a legitimate phenomenon in which rituals, both public and private, enforced a sense of communal, civic, and state identity. Since the 1970s, Scheid has been one of the most influential figures reshaping scholarly understanding of ancient Roman religion. The Gods, the State, and the Individual presents a translation of Scheid's work that chronicles the development of his field-changing scholarship. |
| proximate analysis method: Food Analysis Suzanne Nielsen, 2003-04-30 This book provides information on the techniques needed to analyze foods in laboratory experiments. All topics covered include information on the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitations, and applications. This book is ideal for undergraduate courses in food analysis and is also an invaluable reference to professionals in the food industry. General information is provided on regulations, standards, labeling, sampling and data handling as background for chapters on specific methods to determine the chemical composition and characteristics of foods. Large, expanded sections on spectroscopy and chromatography are also included. Other methods and instrumentation such as thermal analysis, selective electrodes, enzymes, and immunoassays are covered from the perspective of their use in the chemical analysis of foods. A helpful Instructor's Manual is available to adopting professors. |
| proximate analysis method: Standard Soil Methods for Long-Term Ecological Research G. Philip Robertson, David C. Coleman, Caroline S. Bledsoe, Phillip Sollins, 1999-10-28 Standardized methods and measurements are crucial for ecological research, particularly in long-term ecological studies where the projects are by nature collaborative and where it can be difficult to distinguish signs of environmental change from the effects of differing methodologies. This second volume in the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Series addresses these issues directly by providing a comprehensive standardized set of protocols for measuring soil properties. The goal of the volume is to facilitate cross-site synthesis and evaluation of ecosystem processes. Chapters cover methods for studying physical and chemical properties of soils, soil biological properties, and soil organisms, and they include work from many leaders in the field. The book is the first broadly based compendium of standardized soil measurement methods and will be an invaluable resource for ecologists, agronomists, and soil scientists. |
| proximate analysis method: Power Plant Performance A B Gill, 2016-03-16 Power Plant Performance discusses the different procedures and practices involved in the operation of power plants. The book is divided into four parts. Part I covers general considerations such as steam cycles; the sampling, analysis, and assessment of coal; and pumping – its related terms, the different types of pumps, and the determination of sizes and efficiency. Part II tackles the important measurements in power plants such as temperature, pressure, and gas and water flow. Part III deals with the operation of power plant components such as the boiler, turbine, and condensers. Part IV tackles other related topics such as steam turbine heat consumption tests; plant-operating parameters; and the costs of outages. The text is recommended for professionals involved in the development, maintenance, and operation of power plants, especially those who would like to be familiar with the basics. |
| proximate analysis method: Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry Charles Mansfield Earnest, ASTM Committee E-37 on Thermal Measurements, 1988 |
| proximate analysis method: Methods in Food Analysis Bhaskar Taneja, 2025-02-20 Methods in Food Analysis offers an in-depth exploration of methodologies, technologies, and applications in food analysis. We provide a comprehensive resource for students, researchers, food scientists, and professionals in the food industry, aiming to understand and apply analytical techniques to ensure the safety, quality, and nutritional value of food products. We begin by discussing the fundamental principles of food analysis, including food composition, basic analytical techniques, and their significance in food quality control and assurance. Moving forward, we delve into specific areas such as nutritional assessment, exploring the measurement and evaluation of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds in food. We also address food safety and quality assurance, covering methods for detecting contaminants, additives, allergens, and pathogens. Our book provides an overview of analytical techniques used in food science, from traditional methods like chromatography and spectroscopy to advanced technologies such as mass spectrometry, molecular diagnostics, and sensor technologies. Real-world applications of food analysis are emphasized, with case studies highlighting their use in food production, processing, and regulatory compliance. We explore emerging trends and future directions in food analysis, including the use of artificial intelligence and data analytics to optimize food quality and production processes. Methods in Food Analysis is a valuable resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the science behind food composition, safety, and quality, suitable for anyone studying or working in food science and related disciplines. |
| proximate analysis method: Solid Fuel Blending David Tillman, Dao Duong, N. Stanley Harding, 2012-04-24 Create affordable solid fuel blends that will burn efficiently while reducing the carbon footprint. Solid Fuel Blending Handbook: Principles, Practices, and Problems describes a new generation of solid fuel blending processes. The book includes discussions on such topics as flame structure and combustion performance, boiler efficiency, capacity as influenced by flue gas volume and temperature, slagging and fouling, corrosion, and emissions. Attention is given to the major types of combustion systems including stokers, pulverized coal, cyclone, and fluidized bed boilers. Specific topics considered include chlorine in one or more coals, alkali metals (e.g., K, Na) and alkali earth elements, and related topics. Coals of consideration include Appalachian, Interior Province, and Western bituminous coals; Powder River Basin (PRB) and other subbituminous coals; Fort Union and Gulf Coast lignites, and many of the off-shore coals (e.g., Adaro coal, an Indonesian subbituminous coal with very low sulfur; other off-shore coals from Germany, Poland, Australia, South Africa, Columbia, and more). Interactions between fuels and the potential for blends to be different from the parent coals will be a critical focus of this of the book. - One stop source to solid fuel types and blending processes - Evaluate combustion systems and calculate their efficiency - Recognize the interactions between fuels and their potential energy output - Be aware of the Environmental Aspects of Fuel Blending |
| proximate analysis method: Pharmacological Assays of Plant-Based Natural Products Thangaraj Parimelazhagan, 2018-03-31 This volume provides information on how to select and screen plants for their medicinal properties. It describes phytopharmacological techniques for extracting and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing a plant’s phytochemicals. After a detailed in vitro investigation including nutritional and anti-nutritional analyses, medicinal properties were tested with various in vivo models for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties, as well as wound healing, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Compound identification and purification techniques include, among others, TLC and column chromatography, as well as molecular docking with specific proteins. |
| proximate analysis method: Good Strategy Bad Strategy Richard Rumelt, 2011-07-19 Good Strategy/Bad Strategy clarifies the muddled thinking underlying too many strategies and provides a clear way to create and implement a powerful action-oriented strategy for the real world. Developing and implementing a strategy is the central task of a leader. A good strategy is a specific and coherent response to—and approach for—overcoming the obstacles to progress. A good strategy works by harnessing and applying power where it will have the greatest effect. Yet, Rumelt shows that there has been a growing and unfortunate tendency to equate Mom-and-apple-pie values, fluffy packages of buzzwords, motivational slogans, and financial goals with “strategy.” In Good Strategy/Bad Strategy, he debunks these elements of “bad strategy” and awakens an understanding of the power of a “good strategy.” He introduces nine sources of power—ranging from using leverage to effectively focusing on growth—that are eye-opening yet pragmatic tools that can easily be put to work on Monday morning, and uses fascinating examples from business, nonprofit, and military affairs to bring its original and pragmatic ideas to life. The detailed examples range from Apple to General Motors, from the two Iraq wars to Afghanistan, from a small local market to Wal-Mart, from Nvidia to Silicon Graphics, from the Getty Trust to the Los Angeles Unified School District, from Cisco Systems to Paccar, and from Global Crossing to the 2007–08 financial crisis. Reflecting an astonishing grasp and integration of economics, finance, technology, history, and the brilliance and foibles of the human character, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy stems from Rumelt’s decades of digging beyond the superficial to address hard questions with honesty and integrity. |
| proximate analysis method: Sourcebook of Methods of Analysis for Biomass and Biomass Conversion Processes T. Milne, A.H. Brennan, B.H. Glenn, 1990-09-30 |
| proximate analysis method: The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firing Jaap Koppejan, Sjaak Van Loo, 2012-05-16 This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems.Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion. |
| proximate analysis method: Analysis of Solid Fuels Błażej Roga, Lidia Wnekowska, 1965 |
| proximate analysis method: Handbook of Processed Meats and Poultry Analysis Leo M.L. Nollet, Fidel Toldra, 2008-11-12 Muscle foods include a wide range of processed meats and poultry, and therefore represent an important percentage of total worldwide food consumption. The sheer volume of products and the variety of processes available makes analyzing them problematic. Co-Edited by Fidel Toldra - Recipient of the 2010 Distinguished Research Award from the American |
| proximate analysis method: Seed Analysis Hans-Ferdinand Linskens, John F. Jackson, 2013-11-11 Modern Methods of Plant Analysis When the handbook Modern Methods of Plant Analysis was first introduced in 1954 the considerations were: 1. the dependence of scientific progress in biology on the improvement of ex isting and the introduction of new methods; 2. the difficulty in finding many new analytical methods in specialized jour nals which are normally not accessible to experimental plant biologists; 3. the fact that in the methods sections of papers the description of methods is frequently so compact, or even sometimes so incomplete that it is dif ficult to reproduce experiments. These considerations still stand today. The series was highly successful, seven volumes appearing between 1956 and 1964. Since there is still today a demand for the old series, the publisher has decided to resume publication of Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. It is hoped that the New Series will be just as acceptable to those working in plant sciences and related fields as the early volumes undoubtedly were. It is difficult to single out the major reasons for success of any publication, but we believe that the methods published in the first series were up-to-date at the time and presented in a way that made description, as applied to plant material, com plete in itself with little need to consult other publications. Contribution authors have attempted to follow these guidelines in this New Series of volumes. |
| proximate analysis method: Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1925 |
| proximate analysis method: Handbook of Coal Analysis James G. Speight, 2015-03-27 Provides users with everything they need to know about testing and analysis of coal Includes new coverage on environmental issues and regulations as related to coal Provides the reader with the necessary information about testing and analyzing coal and relays the advantages and limitations in understanding the quality and performance of coal Explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use Includes a comprehensive Glossary which defines items in straightforward language that enable readers to better understand the terminology related to coal Treats issues related to sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis |
| proximate analysis method: Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications Leonel JR Nunes, Joao Carlos De Oliveira Matias, Joao Paulo Da Silva Catalao, 2017-11-21 Torrefaction of Biomass for Energy Applications: From Fundamentals to Industrial Scale explores the processes, technology, end-use, and economics involved in torrefaction at the industrial scale for heat and power generation. Its authors combine their industry experience with their academic expertise to provide a thorough overview of the topic. Starting at feedstock pretreatment, followed by torrefaction processes, the book includes plant design and operation, safety aspects, and case studies focusing on the needs and challenges of the industrial scale. Commercially available technologies are examined and compared, and their economical evaluation and life cycle assessment are covered as well. Attention is also given to non-woody feedstock, alternative applications, derived fuels, recent advances, and expected future developments. For its practical approach, this book is ideal for professionals in the biomass industry, including those in heat and power generation. It is also a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in the area of biomass and biofuels, and for decision makers, policy makers, and analysts in the energy field. - Compares efficiency and performance of different commercially available technologies from the practical aspects of daily operation in an industrial scale plant - Presents a cost analysis of the production, logistics, and storage of torrefied biomass - Includes case studies addressing challenges that may occur in the daily operation in an industrial scale plant - Covers other associated technologies, the densification of torrefied biomass, and non-woody feedstock |
| proximate analysis method: Food Composition Data Heather Greenfield, D. A. T. Southgate, 2003-01-01 The second edition of this publication contains a set of guidelines on data compilation, dissemination and use in the analysis of food, which seeks to highlight how to obtain quality data that meet the varied requirements of food composition database users. These guidelines draw on experience gained in countries where food composition programmes have been active for many years. It will be of relevance to professionals in health and agriculture research, policy development, food regulation and safety, food product development, clinical practice and epidemiology. |
| proximate analysis method: Thermal Analysis of Polymers Joseph D. Menczel, R. Bruce Prime, 2014-07-09 Presents a solid introduction to thermal analysis, methods, instrumentation, calibration, and application along with the necessary theoretical background. Useful to chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and engineers who are new to thermal analysis techniques, and to existing users of thermal analysis who wish expand their experience to new techniques and applications Topics covered include Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DSC/DTA), Thermogravimetry, Thermomechanical Analysis and Dilatometry, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Micro-Thermal Analysis, Hot Stage Microscopy, and Instrumentation. Written by experts in the various areas of thermal analysis Relevant and detailed experiments and examples follow each chapter. |
| proximate analysis method: Estimating Methane Content of Bituminous Coalbeds from Adsorption Data Ann G. Kim, 1977 |
| proximate analysis method: The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Fourth Edition James G. Speight, 2006-10-31 Refineries must not only adapt to evolving environmental regulations for cleaner product specifications and processing, but also find ways to meet the increasing demand for petroleum products,particularly for liquid fuels and petrochemical feedstocks. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Fourth Edition offers a 21st century perspective on the development of petroleum refining technologies. Like its bestselling predecessors, this volume traces the science of petroleum from its subterranean formation to the physicochemical properties and the production of numerous products and petrochemical intermediates. Presenting nearly 50 percent new material, this edition emphasizes novel refining approaches that optimize efficiency and throughput. It includes new chapters on heavy oil and tar sand bitumen recovery, deasphalting and dewaxing processes, and environmental aspects of refining, including refinery wastes, regulations, and analysis. The text also features revised and expanded coverage of instability and incompatibility, refinery distillation, thermal cracking, hydrotreating and desulfurization, hydrocracking, and hydrogen production. A unique, well-documented, and forward-thinking work, this book continues to present the most complete coverage of petroleum science, technology, and refining available. The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Fourth Edition provides an ideal platform for scientists, engineers, and other professionals to achieve cleaner and more efficient petroleum processing methods. |
| proximate analysis method: Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products Clarence Jr. Karr, 2012-12-02 Analytical Methods for Coal and Coal Products, Volume I presents the analytical problems and methods for coal and its numerous products. This book discusses the technological importance of the measurement of the physical properties of coal. Organized into four parts encompassing 19 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the petrographic analysis of coal wherein it involves two distinctive methods, namely, the reflected light and the transmitted light techniques. This text then discusses the means and methods of reflectance determination and proceeds to outline some of the results obtained and conclusions derived from them about the nature of coal. Other chapters explain the mechanical properties of coal, which are measured in order to predict its behavior in coal mines, coal winning, coal storage, coal comminution, coal handling, briquetting and agglomeration, and several other situations. The final chapter deals with the characterization of the liquid products of coal conversion. This book is a valuable resource for engineers, scientists, chemists, and researchers. |
| proximate analysis method: Tables of Food Composition in Terms of Eleven Nutrients , 1945 |
| proximate analysis method: The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts Farnam Street, 2019-12-16 The old saying goes, ''To the man with a hammer, everything looks like a nail.'' But anyone who has done any kind of project knows a hammer often isn't enough. The more tools you have at your disposal, the more likely you'll use the right tool for the job - and get it done right. The same is true when it comes to your thinking. The quality of your outcomes depends on the mental models in your head. And most people are going through life with little more than a hammer. Until now. The Great Mental Models: General Thinking Concepts is the first book in The Great Mental Models series designed to upgrade your thinking with the best, most useful and powerful tools so you always have the right one on hand. This volume details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making, productivity, and how clearly you see the world. You will discover what forces govern the universe and how to focus your efforts so you can harness them to your advantage, rather than fight with them or worse yet- ignore them. Upgrade your mental toolbox and get the first volume today. AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY Farnam Street (FS) is one of the world's fastest growing websites, dedicated to helping our readers master the best of what other people have already figured out. We curate, examine and explore the timeless ideas and mental models that history's brightest minds have used to live lives of purpose. Our readers include students, teachers, CEOs, coaches, athletes, artists, leaders, followers, politicians and more. They're not defined by gender, age, income, or politics but rather by a shared passion for avoiding problems, making better decisions, and lifelong learning. AUTHOR HOME Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| proximate analysis method: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies Ting Wang, Gary J. Stiegel, 2016-11-26 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants. The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world. The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants. - Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor overview of integrated gasification combined cycle technologies - Reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants - Provides several case studies of existing IGCC plants around the world |
| proximate analysis method: Mechanical Laboratory Methods Julian Chase Smallwood, 1918 |
| proximate analysis method: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste , 1987 |
| proximate analysis method: River Water Quality Model P. Reichert, Dietrich Borchardt, Mogens Henze, Wolfgang Rauch, P. Shanahan, Laszlo Somlyody, Peter A. Vanrolleghem, 2001-08-31 This Scientific and Technical Report (STR) presents the findings of the IWA Task Group on River Water Quality Modelling (RWQM). The task group was formed to create a scientific and technical base from which to formulate standardized, consistent river water quality models and guidelines for their implementation. This STR presents the first outcome in this effort: River Water Quality Model No. 1 (RWQM1). As background to the development of River Water Quality Model No.1, the Task Group completed a critical evaluation of the current state of the practice in water quality modelling. A major limitation in model formulation is the continued reliance on BOD as the primary state variable, despite the fact BOD does not include all biodegradable matter. A related difficulty is the poor representation of benthic flux terms. As a result of these limitations, it is impossible to close mass balances completely in most existing models. These various limitations in current river water quality models impair their predictive ability in situations of marked changes in a river's pollutant load, streamflow, morphometry, or other basic characteristics. RWQM 1 is intended to serve as a framework for river water quality models that overcome these deficiencies in traditional water quality models and most particularly the failure to close mass balances between the water column and sediment. To these ends, the model incorporates fundamental water quality components and processes to characterise carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, O, N, and P) cycling instead of biochemical oxygen demand as used in traditional models. The model is presented in terms of process and components represented via a 'Petersen stoichiometry matrix', the same approach used for the IWA Activated Sludge Models. The full RWQM1 includes 24 components and 30 processes. The report provides detailed examples on reducing the numbers of components and processes to fit specific water quality problems. Thus, the model provides a framework for both complicated and simplified models. Detailed explanations of the model components, process equations, stoichiometric parameters, and kinetic parameters are provided, as are example parameter values and two case studies. The STR is intended to launch a participatory process of model development, application, and refinement. RWQM1 provides a framework for this process, but the goal of the Task Group is to involve water quality professionals worldwide in the continued work developing a new water quality modelling approach. This text will be an invaluable reference for researchers and graduate students specializing in water resources, hydrology, water quality, or environmental modelling in departments of environmental engineering, natural resources, civil engineering, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and ecology. Water resources engineers, water quality engineers and technical specialists in environmental consultancy, government agencies or regulated industries will also value this critical assessment of the state of practice in water quality modelling. Key Features presents a unique new technical approach to river water quality modelling provides a detailed technical presentation of the RWQM1 water quality process model gives an informative critical evaluation of the state of the practice in water quality modelling, and problems with those practices provides a step by step procedure to develop a water quality model Scientific & Technical Report No. 12 |
| proximate analysis method: Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems Thomas B. Reed, Agua Das, 1988 |
| proximate analysis method: Introduction to Food Chemistry Richard Owusu-Apenten, 2004-12-16 Providing a thorough introduction to the core areas of food science specified by the Institute of Food Technologists, Introduction to Food Chemistry focuses on principles rather than commodities and balances facts with explanations. The text covers the major areas of food science, including food chemistry, food analysis and methods for quality assu |
| proximate analysis method: The Analysis of Fuel, Gas, Water and Lubricants Samuel Wilson Parr, 1922 |
| proximate analysis method: Biomass Gasification Design Handbook Prabir Basu, 2010 |
| proximate analysis method: The CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering, Second Edition , 1998-03-24 During the past 20 years, the field of mechanical engineering has undergone enormous changes. These changes have been driven by many factors, including: the development of computer technology worldwide competition in industry improvements in the flow of information satellite communication real time monitoring increased energy efficiency robotics automatic control increased sensitivity to environmental impacts of human activities advances in design and manufacturing methods These developments have put more stress on mechanical engineering education, making it increasingly difficult to cover all the topics that a professional engineer will need in his or her career. As a result of these developments, there has been a growing need for a handbook that can serve the professional community by providing relevant background and current information in the field of mechanical engineering. The CRC Handbook of Mechanical Engineering serves the needs of the professional engineer as a resource of information into the next century. |
| proximate analysis method: Proximate Analysis of Three Common Kola Varieties In Nigeria Adekunle Jelili Olaoye, Isa M. O., Fakorede O. K., Adedokun A. K., Adeosun N. O., 2017-03-30 Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, grade: 3.0, , course: Chemistry, language: English, abstract: Three varieties of Kola, Cola acuminata, Cola nitida and Garcinia kola which are tropical African crops were obtained from Ifon-Osun, Osun State, Nigeria. This was with a view to carrying out the proximate analysis of the seeds. The seeds were collected, cured by the traditional method of wrapping in fresh banana leaves to reduce the amount of moisture lost and thereafter kept for two weeks in the laboratory before used. Proximate analysis of the species was carried out using the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990 with little modification. The results obtained showed that Cola nitida had 62.83 % moisture, 2.83 % ash, 7.72 % crude protein and 2.42 % caffeine. Cola acuminata had 54.33 % moisture, 2.89 % ash, 8.68 % crude protein and 2.65 % caffeine, while, Garcinia kola had 49.16 % moisture, 2.9%ash, 8.67 % crude protein and 2.96 % caffeine. |
| proximate analysis method: Low-Rank Coal Applications in Agriculture L. Edwin Liem, 2021-04-06 Low-Rank Coal Applications in Agriculture explores the commercialization and marketing potential of low-rank coal, which is rich in organic matter and humic substances. The author--a noted expert on the topic--clearly shows from a practical perspective, that rather than using it as an energy source, this material can be applied for the agricultural sector. The author investigates low-rank coal;s potential as used in dry and liquid humic products. This book discusses both raw materials and commercial products, and provides data on improved soil quality, crop yields, and livestock productivity. This groundbreaking book: details how this material can benefit agriculture; thus positioning coal in the more green sector type of industry presents original data collected from laboratories and agricultural fields, and summarizes literature on the science and regulation of low-rank coal and humic substances Written for field practitioners, end users, marketers, operators, regulators, researchers, and academics, Low-Rank Coal Applications in Agriculture is the first book on the market to explore the real-life use of low-rank coal for the agricultural sector. |
PROXIMATE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of PROXIMATE is immediately preceding or following (as in a chain of events, causes, or effects). How to use proximate in a sentence. Did you know?
PROXIMATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
PROXIMATE definition: 1. closest in time, place, relationship, etc. to something: 2. closest in time, place…. Learn more.
PROXIMATE Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Proximate definition: next; nearest; immediately before or after in order, place, occurrence, etc.. See examples of PROXIMATE used in a sentence.
Proximate - definition of proximate by The Free Dictionary
proximate - closest in degree or order (space or time) especially in a chain of causes and effects; "news of his proximate arrival"; "interest in proximate rather …
Proximal vs proximate - GRAMMARIST
Proximal is an adjective that describes something or someone as near something else, or nearest a central point. In this sense it is a synonym of proximate. However, both words have other definitions that make …
PROXIMATE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of PROXIMATE is immediately preceding or following (as in a chain of events, causes, or effects). How to use proximate in a sentence. Did you know?
PROXIMATE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
PROXIMATE definition: 1. closest in time, place, relationship, etc. to something: 2. closest in time, place…. Learn more.
PROXIMATE Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Proximate definition: next; nearest; immediately before or after in order, place, occurrence, etc.. See examples of PROXIMATE used in a sentence.
Proximate - definition of proximate by The Free Dictionary
proximate - closest in degree or order (space or time) especially in a chain of causes and effects; "news of his proximate arrival"; "interest in proximate rather than ultimate goals"
Proximal vs proximate - GRAMMARIST
Proximal is an adjective that describes something or someone as near something else, or nearest a central point. In this sense it is a synonym of proximate. However, both words have other …
PROXIMATE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
4 meanings: 1. next or nearest in space or time 2. very near; close 3. immediately preceding or following in a series 4. → a.... Click for more definitions.
proximate adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and ...
Definition of proximate adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Proximate - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
Proximate things are either nearby or close in time. The proximate arrival of a new grandchild means your grandma had better finish knitting those booties. A Rube Goldberg machine is like …
proximate, adj. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English ...
There are five meanings listed in OED's entry for the adjective proximate. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
Proximal vs Proximate – What’s the Difference?
Aug 26, 2024 · Proximal is primarily used in the field of anatomy and geography, indicating closeness in relation to a particular point or place. For example, “The elbow is proximal to the …
