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probability models for computer science: Probability Models for Computer Science Sheldon M. Ross, 2002 The role of probability in computer science has been growing for years and, in lieu of a tailored textbook, many courses have employed a variety of similar, but not entirely applicable, alternatives. To meet the needs of the computer science graduate student (and the advanced undergraduate), best-selling author Sheldon Ross has developed the premier probability text for aspiring computer scientists involved in computer simulation and modeling. The math is precise and easily understood. As with his other texts, Sheldon Ross presents very clear explanations of concepts and covers those probability models that are most in demand by, and applicable to, computer science and related majors and practitioners. Many interesting examples and exercises have been chosen to illuminate the techniques presented Examples relating to bin packing, sorting algorithms, the find algorithm, random graphs, self-organising list problems, the maximum weighted independent set problem, hashing, probabilistic verification, max SAT problem, queuing networks, distributed workload models, and many othersMany interesting examples and exercises have been chosen to illuminate the techniques presented |
probability models for computer science: Probability Models for Computer Science Melanie H. Ross, Ross, 2004-06 |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics for Computer Science David Forsyth, 2017-12-13 This textbook is aimed at computer science undergraduates late in sophomore or early in junior year, supplying a comprehensive background in qualitative and quantitative data analysis, probability, random variables, and statistical methods, including machine learning. With careful treatment of topics that fill the curricular needs for the course, Probability and Statistics for Computer Science features: • A treatment of random variables and expectations dealing primarily with the discrete case. • A practical treatment of simulation, showing how many interesting probabilities and expectations can be extracted, with particular emphasis on Markov chains. • A clear but crisp account of simple point inference strategies (maximum likelihood; Bayesian inference) in simple contexts. This is extended to cover some confidence intervals, samples and populations for random sampling with replacement, and the simplest hypothesis testing. • A chapter dealing with classification, explaining why it’s useful; how to train SVM classifiers with stochastic gradient descent; and how to use implementations of more advanced methods such as random forests and nearest neighbors. • A chapter dealing with regression, explaining how to set up, use and understand linear regression and nearest neighbors regression in practical problems. • A chapter dealing with principal components analysis, developing intuition carefully, and including numerous practical examples. There is a brief description of multivariate scaling via principal coordinate analysis. • A chapter dealing with clustering via agglomerative methods and k-means, showing how to build vector quantized features for complex signals. Illustrated throughout, each main chapter includes many worked examples and other pedagogical elements such as boxed Procedures, Definitions, Useful Facts, and Remember This (short tips). Problems and Programming Exercises are at the end of each chapter, with a summary of what the reader should know. Instructor resources include a full set of model solutions for all problems, and an Instructor's Manual with accompanying presentation slides. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics for Computer Science James L. Johnson, 2011-09-09 Comprehensive and thorough development of both probability and statistics for serious computer scientists; goal-oriented: to present the mathematical analysis underlying probability results Special emphases on simulation and discrete decision theory Mathematically-rich, but self-contained text, at a gentle pace Review of calculus and linear algebra in an appendix Mathematical interludes (in each chapter) which examine mathematical techniques in the context of probabilistic or statistical importance Numerous section exercises, summaries, historical notes, and Further Readings for reinforcement of content |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing, and Computer Science Applications Kishor S. Trivedi, 2016-07-11 An accessible introduction to probability, stochastic processes, and statistics for computer science and engineering applications Second edition now also available in Paperback. This updated and revised edition of the popular classic first edition relates fundamental concepts in probability and statistics to the computer sciences and engineering. The author uses Markov chains and other statistical tools to illustrate processes in reliability of computer systems and networks, fault tolerance, and performance. This edition features an entirely new section on stochastic Petri nets—as well as new sections on system availability modeling, wireless system modeling, numerical solution techniques for Markov chains, and software reliability modeling, among other subjects. Extensive revisions take new developments in solution techniques and applications into account and bring this work totally up to date. It includes more than 200 worked examples and self-study exercises for each section. Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science Applications, Second Edition offers a comprehensive introduction to probability, stochastic processes, and statistics for students of computer science, electrical and computer engineering, and applied mathematics. Its wealth of practical examples and up-to-date information makes it an excellent resource for practitioners as well. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department. |
probability models for computer science: Introduction to Probability Models, Student Solutions Manual (e-only) Sheldon M. Ross, 2010-01-01 Introduction to Probability Models, Student Solutions Manual (e-only) |
probability models for computer science: The Probability Companion for Engineering and Computer Science Adam Prügel-Bennett, 2020-01-23 This friendly guide is the companion you need to convert pure mathematics into understanding and facility with a host of probabilistic tools. The book provides a high-level view of probability and its most powerful applications. It begins with the basic rules of probability and quickly progresses to some of the most sophisticated modern techniques in use, including Kalman filters, Monte Carlo techniques, machine learning methods, Bayesian inference and stochastic processes. It draws on thirty years of experience in applying probabilistic methods to problems in computational science and engineering, and numerous practical examples illustrate where these techniques are used in the real world. Topics of discussion range from carbon dating to Wasserstein GANs, one of the most recent developments in Deep Learning. The underlying mathematics is presented in full, but clarity takes priority over complete rigour, making this text a starting reference source for researchers and a readable overview for students. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics for Computer Scientists Michael Baron, 2013-08-05 Student-Friendly Coverage of Probability, Statistical Methods, Simulation, and Modeling ToolsIncorporating feedback from instructors and researchers who used the previous edition, Probability and Statistics for Computer Scientists, Second Edition helps students understand general methods of stochastic modeling, simulation, and data analysis; make o |
probability models for computer science: Introduction to Probability Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan, Markos V. Koutras, Konstadinos G. Politis, 2019-04-04 An essential guide to the concepts of probability theory that puts the focus on models and applications Introduction to Probability offers an authoritative text that presents the main ideas and concepts, as well as the theoretical background, models, and applications of probability. The authors—noted experts in the field—include a review of problems where probabilistic models naturally arise, and discuss the methodology to tackle these problems. A wide-range of topics are covered that include the concepts of probability and conditional probability, univariate discrete distributions, univariate continuous distributions, along with a detailed presentation of the most important probability distributions used in practice, with their main properties and applications. Designed as a useful guide, the text contains theory of probability, de finitions, charts, examples with solutions, illustrations, self-assessment exercises, computational exercises, problems and a glossary. This important text: • Includes classroom-tested problems and solutions to probability exercises • Highlights real-world exercises designed to make clear the concepts presented • Uses Mathematica software to illustrate the text’s computer exercises • Features applications representing worldwide situations and processes • Offers two types of self-assessment exercises at the end of each chapter, so that students may review the material in that chapter and monitor their progress. Written for students majoring in statistics, engineering, operations research, computer science, physics, and mathematics, Introduction to Probability: Models and Applications is an accessible text that explores the basic concepts of probability and includes detailed information on models and applications. |
probability models for computer science: Probability with R Jane M. Horgan, 2019-12-18 Provides a comprehensive introduction to probability with an emphasis on computing-related applications This self-contained new and extended edition outlines a first course in probability applied to computer-related disciplines. As in the first edition, experimentation and simulation are favoured over mathematical proofs. The freely down-loadable statistical programming language R is used throughout the text, not only as a tool for calculation and data analysis, but also to illustrate concepts of probability and to simulate distributions. The examples in Probability with R: An Introduction with Computer Science Applications, Second Edition cover a wide range of computer science applications, including: testing program performance; measuring response time and CPU time; estimating the reliability of components and systems; evaluating algorithms and queuing systems. Chapters cover: The R language; summarizing statistical data; graphical displays; the fundamentals of probability; reliability; discrete and continuous distributions; and more. This second edition includes: improved R code throughout the text, as well as new procedures, packages and interfaces; updated and additional examples, exercises and projects covering recent developments of computing; an introduction to bivariate discrete distributions together with the R functions used to handle large matrices of conditional probabilities, which are often needed in machine translation; an introduction to linear regression with particular emphasis on its application to machine learning using testing and training data; a new section on spam filtering using Bayes theorem to develop the filters; an extended range of Poisson applications such as network failures, website hits, virus attacks and accessing the cloud; use of new allocation functions in R to deal with hash table collision, server overload and the general allocation problem. The book is supplemented with a Wiley Book Companion Site featuring data and solutions to exercises within the book. Primarily addressed to students of computer science and related areas, Probability with R: An Introduction with Computer Science Applications, Second Edition is also an excellent text for students of engineering and the general sciences. Computing professionals who need to understand the relevance of probability in their areas of practice will find it useful. |
probability models for computer science: Discrete Probability Models and Methods Pierre Brémaud, 2017-01-31 The emphasis in this book is placed on general models (Markov chains, random fields, random graphs), universal methods (the probabilistic method, the coupling method, the Stein-Chen method, martingale methods, the method of types) and versatile tools (Chernoff's bound, Hoeffding's inequality, Holley's inequality) whose domain of application extends far beyond the present text. Although the examples treated in the book relate to the possible applications, in the communication and computing sciences, in operations research and in physics, this book is in the first instance concerned with theory. The level of the book is that of a beginning graduate course. It is self-contained, the prerequisites consisting merely of basic calculus (series) and basic linear algebra (matrices). The reader is not assumed to be trained in probability since the first chapters give in considerable detail the background necessary to understand the rest of the book. |
probability models for computer science: Linear Algebra and Probability for Computer Science Applications Ernest Davis, 2012-05-02 Based on the author's course at NYU, Linear Algebra and Probability for Computer Science Applications gives an introduction to two mathematical fields that are fundamental in many areas of computer science. The course and the text are addressed to students with a very weak mathematical background. Most of the chapters discuss relevant MATLAB functi |
probability models for computer science: Introduction to Probability Dimitri Bertsekas, John N. Tsitsiklis, 2008-07-01 An intuitive, yet precise introduction to probability theory, stochastic processes, statistical inference, and probabilistic models used in science, engineering, economics, and related fields. This is the currently used textbook for an introductory probability course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, attended by a large number of undergraduate and graduate students, and for a leading online class on the subject. The book covers the fundamentals of probability theory (probabilistic models, discrete and continuous random variables, multiple random variables, and limit theorems), which are typically part of a first course on the subject. It also contains a number of more advanced topics, including transforms, sums of random variables, a fairly detailed introduction to Bernoulli, Poisson, and Markov processes, Bayesian inference, and an introduction to classical statistics. The book strikes a balance between simplicity in exposition and sophistication in analytical reasoning. Some of the more mathematically rigorous analysis is explained intuitively in the main text, and then developed in detail (at the level of advanced calculus) in the numerous solved theoretical problems. |
probability models for computer science: Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit Models John H. Aldrich, Forrest D. Nelson, 1984-11 After showing why ordinary regression analysis is not appropriate for investigating dichotomous or otherwise 'limited' dependent variables, this volume examines three techniques which are well suited for such data. It reviews the linear probability model and discusses alternative specifications of non-linear models. |
probability models for computer science: Introduction to Probability Models Sheldon M. Ross, 2007 Rosss classic bestseller has been used extensively by professionals and as the primary text for a first undergraduate course in applied probability. With the addition of several new sections relating to actuaries, this text is highly recommended by the Society of Actuaries. |
probability models for computer science: Practical Probabilistic Programming Avi Pfeffer, 2016-03-29 Summary Practical Probabilistic Programming introduces the working programmer to probabilistic programming. In it, you'll learn how to use the PP paradigm to model application domains and then express those probabilistic models in code. Although PP can seem abstract, in this book you'll immediately work on practical examples, like using the Figaro language to build a spam filter and applying Bayesian and Markov networks, to diagnose computer system data problems and recover digital images. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology The data you accumulate about your customers, products, and website users can help you not only to interpret your past, it can also help you predict your future! Probabilistic programming uses code to draw probabilistic inferences from data. By applying specialized algorithms, your programs assign degrees of probability to conclusions. This means you can forecast future events like sales trends, computer system failures, experimental outcomes, and many other critical concerns. About the Book Practical Probabilistic Programming introduces the working programmer to probabilistic programming. In this book, you’ll immediately work on practical examples like building a spam filter, diagnosing computer system data problems, and recovering digital images. You’ll discover probabilistic inference, where algorithms help make extended predictions about issues like social media usage. Along the way, you’ll learn to use functional-style programming for text analysis, object-oriented models to predict social phenomena like the spread of tweets, and open universe models to gauge real-life social media usage. The book also has chapters on how probabilistic models can help in decision making and modeling of dynamic systems. What's Inside Introduction to probabilistic modeling Writing probabilistic programs in Figaro Building Bayesian networks Predicting product lifecycles Decision-making algorithms About the Reader This book assumes no prior exposure to probabilistic programming. Knowledge of Scala is helpful. About the Author Avi Pfeffer is the principal developer of the Figaro language for probabilistic programming. Table of Contents PART 1 INTRODUCING PROBABILISTIC PROGRAMMING AND FIGARO Probabilistic programming in a nutshell A quick Figaro tutorial Creating a probabilistic programming application PART 2 WRITING PROBABILISTIC PROGRAMS Probabilistic models and probabilistic programs Modeling dependencies with Bayesian and Markov networks Using Scala and Figaro collections to build up models Object-oriented probabilistic modeling Modeling dynamic systems PART 3 INFERENCE The three rules of probabilistic inference Factored inference algorithms Sampling algorithms Solving other inference tasks Dynamic reasoning and parameter learning |
probability models for computer science: An Introduction to Mathematical Modeling Edward A. Bender, 2012-05-23 Employing a practical, learn by doing approach, this first-rate text fosters the development of the skills beyond the pure mathematics needed to set up and manipulate mathematical models. The author draws on a diversity of fields — including science, engineering, and operations research — to provide over 100 reality-based examples. Students learn from the examples by applying mathematical methods to formulate, analyze, and criticize models. Extensive documentation, consisting of over 150 references, supplements the models, encouraging further research on models of particular interest. The lively and accessible text requires only minimal scientific background. Designed for senior college or beginning graduate-level students, it assumes only elementary calculus and basic probability theory for the first part, and ordinary differential equations and continuous probability for the second section. All problems require students to study and create models, encouraging their active participation rather than a mechanical approach. Beyond the classroom, this volume will prove interesting and rewarding to anyone concerned with the development of mathematical models or the application of modeling to problem solving in a wide array of applications. |
probability models for computer science: Probability Models And Applications (Revised Second Edition) Ingram Olkin, Leon J Gleser, Cyrus Derman, 2019-09-03 Written by renowned experts in the field, this reissue of a textbook has as its unifying theme the role that probability models have had, and continue to have, in scientific and practical applications. It includes many examples, with actual data, of real-world use of probability models, while expositing the mathematical theory of probability at an introductory calculus-based level. Detailed descriptions of the properties and applications of probability models that have successfully modeled real phenomena are given, as well as an explanation of methods for testing goodness of fit of these models. Readers will receive a firm foundation in techniques for deriving distributions of various summaries of data that will prepare them for subsequent studies of statistics, as well as a solid grounding in concepts such as that of conditional probability that will prepare them for more advanced courses in stochastic processes. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Computing Michael Mitzenmacher, Eli Upfal, 2005-01-31 Randomization and probabilistic techniques play an important role in modern computer science, with applications ranging from combinatorial optimization and machine learning to communication networks and secure protocols. This 2005 textbook is designed to accompany a one- or two-semester course for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in computer science and applied mathematics. It gives an excellent introduction to the probabilistic techniques and paradigms used in the development of probabilistic algorithms and analyses. It assumes only an elementary background in discrete mathematics and gives a rigorous yet accessible treatment of the material, with numerous examples and applications. The first half of the book covers core material, including random sampling, expectations, Markov's inequality, Chevyshev's inequality, Chernoff bounds, the probabilistic method and Markov chains. The second half covers more advanced topics such as continuous probability, applications of limited independence, entropy, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and balanced allocations. With its comprehensive selection of topics, along with many examples and exercises, this book is an indispensable teaching tool. |
probability models for computer science: Interpreting Probability Models Tim Futing Liao, 1994 What is the probability that something will occur, and how is that probability altered by a change in an independent variable? To answer these questions, Tim Futing Liao introduces a systematic way of interpreting commonly used probability models. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics for Data Science Norman Matloff, 2019-06-21 Probability and Statistics for Data Science: Math + R + Data covers math stat—distributions, expected value, estimation etc.—but takes the phrase Data Science in the title quite seriously: * Real datasets are used extensively. * All data analysis is supported by R coding. * Includes many Data Science applications, such as PCA, mixture distributions, random graph models, Hidden Markov models, linear and logistic regression, and neural networks. * Leads the student to think critically about the how and why of statistics, and to see the big picture. * Not theorem/proof-oriented, but concepts and models are stated in a mathematically precise manner. Prerequisites are calculus, some matrix algebra, and some experience in programming. Norman Matloff is a professor of computer science at the University of California, Davis, and was formerly a statistics professor there. He is on the editorial boards of the Journal of Statistical Software and The R Journal. His book Statistical Regression and Classification: From Linear Models to Machine Learning was the recipient of the Ziegel Award for the best book reviewed in Technometrics in 2017. He is a recipient of his university's Distinguished Teaching Award. |
probability models for computer science: Probability Gregory K. Miller, 2006-08-25 Improve Your Probability of Mastering This Topic This book takes an innovative approach to calculus-based probability theory, considering it within a framework for creating models of random phenomena. The author focuses on the synthesis of stochastic models concurrent with the development of distribution theory while also introducing the reader to basic statistical inference. In this way, the major stochastic processes are blended with coverage of probability laws, random variables, and distribution theory, equipping the reader to be a true problem solver and critical thinker. Deliberately conversational in tone, Probability is written for students in junior- or senior-level probability courses majoring in mathematics, statistics, computer science, or engineering. The book offers a lucid and mathematicallysound introduction to how probability is used to model random behavior in the natural world. The text contains the following chapters: Modeling Sets and Functions Probability Laws I: Building on the Axioms Probability Laws II: Results of Conditioning Random Variables and Stochastic Processes Discrete Random Variables and Applications in Stochastic Processes Continuous Random Variables and Applications in Stochastic Processes Covariance and Correlation Among Random Variables Included exercises cover a wealth of additional concepts, such as conditional independence, Simpson's paradox, acceptance sampling, geometric probability, simulation, exponential families of distributions, Jensen's inequality, and many non-standard probability distributions. |
probability models for computer science: Probability Models Patrick W. Hopfensperfer, Henry Kranendonk, Richard Scheaffer, 1999 |
probability models for computer science: Foundations of Probabilistic Programming Gilles Barthe, Joost-Pieter Katoen, Alexandra Silva, 2020-12-03 What does a probabilistic program actually compute? How can one formally reason about such probabilistic programs? This valuable guide covers such elementary questions and more. It provides a state-of-the-art overview of the theoretical underpinnings of modern probabilistic programming and their applications in machine learning, security, and other domains, at a level suitable for graduate students and non-experts in the field. In addition, the book treats the connection between probabilistic programs and mathematical logic, security (what is the probability that software leaks confidential information?), and presents three programming languages for different applications: Excel tables, program testing, and approximate computing. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. |
probability models for computer science: Probabilistic Graphical Models Luis Enrique Sucar, 2020-12-23 This fully updated new edition of a uniquely accessible textbook/reference provides a general introduction to probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) from an engineering perspective. It features new material on partially observable Markov decision processes, causal graphical models, causal discovery and deep learning, as well as an even greater number of exercises; it also incorporates a software library for several graphical models in Python. The book covers the fundamentals for each of the main classes of PGMs, including representation, inference and learning principles, and reviews real-world applications for each type of model. These applications are drawn from a broad range of disciplines, highlighting the many uses of Bayesian classifiers, hidden Markov models, Bayesian networks, dynamic and temporal Bayesian networks, Markov random fields, influence diagrams, and Markov decision processes. Topics and features: Presents a unified framework encompassing all of the main classes of PGMs Explores the fundamental aspects of representation, inference and learning for each technique Examines new material on partially observable Markov decision processes, and graphical models Includes a new chapter introducing deep neural networks and their relation with probabilistic graphical models Covers multidimensional Bayesian classifiers, relational graphical models, and causal models Provides substantial chapter-ending exercises, suggestions for further reading, and ideas for research or programming projects Describes classifiers such as Gaussian Naive Bayes, Circular Chain Classifiers, and Hierarchical Classifiers with Bayesian Networks Outlines the practical application of the different techniques Suggests possible course outlines for instructors This classroom-tested work is suitable as a textbook for an advanced undergraduate or a graduate course in probabilistic graphical models for students of computer science, engineering, and physics. Professionals wishing to apply probabilistic graphical models in their own field, or interested in the basis of these techniques, will also find the book to be an invaluable reference. Dr. Luis Enrique Sucar is a Senior Research Scientist at the National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Puebla, Mexico. He received the National Science Prize en 2016. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Bayesian Modeling Jim Albert, Jingchen Hu, 2019-12-06 Probability and Bayesian Modeling is an introduction to probability and Bayesian thinking for undergraduate students with a calculus background. The first part of the book provides a broad view of probability including foundations, conditional probability, discrete and continuous distributions, and joint distributions. Statistical inference is presented completely from a Bayesian perspective. The text introduces inference and prediction for a single proportion and a single mean from Normal sampling. After fundamentals of Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms are introduced, Bayesian inference is described for hierarchical and regression models including logistic regression. The book presents several case studies motivated by some historical Bayesian studies and the authors’ research. This text reflects modern Bayesian statistical practice. Simulation is introduced in all the probability chapters and extensively used in the Bayesian material to simulate from the posterior and predictive distributions. One chapter describes the basic tenets of Metropolis and Gibbs sampling algorithms; however several chapters introduce the fundamentals of Bayesian inference for conjugate priors to deepen understanding. Strategies for constructing prior distributions are described in situations when one has substantial prior information and for cases where one has weak prior knowledge. One chapter introduces hierarchical Bayesian modeling as a practical way of combining data from different groups. There is an extensive discussion of Bayesian regression models including the construction of informative priors, inference about functions of the parameters of interest, prediction, and model selection. The text uses JAGS (Just Another Gibbs Sampler) as a general-purpose computational method for simulating from posterior distributions for a variety of Bayesian models. An R package ProbBayes is available containing all of the book datasets and special functions for illustrating concepts from the book. A complete solutions manual is available for instructors who adopt the book in the Additional Resources section. |
probability models for computer science: Abstraction, Refinement and Proof for Probabilistic Systems Annabelle McIver, Carroll Morgan, 2005 Illustrates by example the typical steps necessary in computer science to build a mathematical model of any programming paradigm . Presents results of a large and integrated body of research in the area of 'quantitative' program logics. |
probability models for computer science: Mathematics for Machine Learning Marc Peter Deisenroth, A. Aldo Faisal, Cheng Soon Ong, 2020-04-23 The fundamental mathematical tools needed to understand machine learning include linear algebra, analytic geometry, matrix decompositions, vector calculus, optimization, probability and statistics. These topics are traditionally taught in disparate courses, making it hard for data science or computer science students, or professionals, to efficiently learn the mathematics. This self-contained textbook bridges the gap between mathematical and machine learning texts, introducing the mathematical concepts with a minimum of prerequisites. It uses these concepts to derive four central machine learning methods: linear regression, principal component analysis, Gaussian mixture models and support vector machines. For students and others with a mathematical background, these derivations provide a starting point to machine learning texts. For those learning the mathematics for the first time, the methods help build intuition and practical experience with applying mathematical concepts. Every chapter includes worked examples and exercises to test understanding. Programming tutorials are offered on the book's web site. |
probability models for computer science: Probabilistic Models of the Brain Rajesh P.N. Rao, Bruno A. Olshausen, Michael S. Lewicki, 2002-03-29 A survey of probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging studies have helped to shed light on how the brain transforms raw sensory information into a form that is useful for goal-directed behavior. A fundamental question that is seldom addressed by these studies, however, is why the brain uses the types of representations it does and what evolutionary advantage, if any, these representations confer. It is difficult to address such questions directly via animal experiments. A promising alternative is to use probabilistic principles such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to derive models of brain function. This book surveys some of the current probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Although most of the examples focus on vision, many of the models and techniques are applicable to other modalities as well. The book presents top-down computational models as well as bottom-up neurally motivated models of brain function. The topics covered include Bayesian and information-theoretic models of perception, probabilistic theories of neural coding and spike timing, computational models of lateral and cortico-cortical feedback connections, and the development of receptive field properties from natural signals. |
probability models for computer science: A Modern Introduction to Probability and Statistics F.M. Dekking, C. Kraaikamp, H.P. Lopuhaä, L.E. Meester, 2006-03-30 Many current texts in the area are just cookbooks and, as a result, students do not know why they perform the methods they are taught, or why the methods work. The strength of this book is that it readdresses these shortcomings; by using examples, often from real life and using real data, the authors show how the fundamentals of probabilistic and statistical theories arise intuitively. A Modern Introduction to Probability and Statistics has numerous quick exercises to give direct feedback to students. In addition there are over 350 exercises, half of which have answers, of which half have full solutions. A website gives access to the data files used in the text, and, for instructors, the remaining solutions. The only pre-requisite is a first course in calculus; the text covers standard statistics and probability material, and develops beyond traditional parametric models to the Poisson process, and on to modern methods such as the bootstrap. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Queueing Theory S. Palaniammal, 2011-06-30 Designed as a textbook for the B.E./B.Tech. students of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology, this book provides the fundamental concepts and applications of probability and queueing theory. Beginning with a discussion on probability theory, the text analyses in detail the random variables, standard distributions, Markovian and non-Markovian queueing models with finite and infinite capacity, and queue networks. The topics are dealt with in a well-organized sequence with proper explanations along with simple mathematical formulations. KEY FEATURES: Gives concise and clear presentation of the concepts. Provides a large number of illustrative examples, in particular for queueing models and queueing networks, with step-by-step solutions to help students comprehend the concepts with ease. Includes questions asked in university examinations with their solutions for the last several years to help students in preparing for examinations. Provides hints and answers to unsolved problems. Incorporates chapter-end exercises to drill the students in self-study. |
probability models for computer science: Methods and Models in Statistics Niall M. Adams, 2004 John Nelder was one of the most influential statisticians of his generation, having made an impact on many parts of the discipline. This book contains reviews of some of those areas, written by top researchers. It is accessible to non-specialists, and is noteworthy for its breadth of coverage. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Stochastic Modeling Vladimir I. Rotar, 2012-08-25 A First Course in Probability with an Emphasis on Stochastic Modeling Probability and Stochastic Modeling not only covers all the topics found in a traditional introductory probability course, but also emphasizes stochastic modeling, including Markov chains, birth-death processes, and reliability models. Unlike most undergraduate-level probability texts, the book also focuses on increasingly important areas, such as martingales, classification of dependency structures, and risk evaluation. Numerous examples, exercises, and models using real-world data demonstrate the practical possibilities and restrictions of different approaches and help students grasp general concepts and theoretical results. The text is suitable for majors in mathematics and statistics as well as majors in computer science, economics, finance, and physics. The author offers two explicit options to teaching the material, which is reflected in routes designated by special roadside markers. The first route contains basic, self-contained material for a one-semester course. The second provides a more complete exposition for a two-semester course or self-study. |
probability models for computer science: Introduction to Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists Sheldon M. Ross, 1987 Elements of probability; Random variables and expectation; Special; random variables; Sampling; Parameter estimation; Hypothesis testing; Regression; Analysis of variance; Goodness of fit and nonparametric testing; Life testing; Quality control; Simulation. |
probability models for computer science: Performance Modeling and Design of Computer Systems Mor Harchol-Balter, 2013-02-18 Written with computer scientists and engineers in mind, this book brings queueing theory decisively back to computer science. |
probability models for computer science: An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling Howard M. Taylor, Samuel Karlin, 2014-05-10 An Introduction to Stochastic Modeling, Revised Edition provides information pertinent to the standard concepts and methods of stochastic modeling. This book presents the rich diversity of applications of stochastic processes in the sciences. Organized into nine chapters, this book begins with an overview of diverse types of stochastic models, which predicts a set of possible outcomes weighed by their likelihoods or probabilities. This text then provides exercises in the applications of simple stochastic analysis to appropriate problems. Other chapters consider the study of general functions of independent, identically distributed, nonnegative random variables representing the successive intervals between renewals. This book discusses as well the numerous examples of Markov branching processes that arise naturally in various scientific disciplines. The final chapter deals with queueing models, which aid the design process by predicting system performance. This book is a valuable resource for students of engineering and management science. Engineers will also find this book useful. |
probability models for computer science: Probability Models in Engineering and Science Haym Benaroya, Seon Mi Han, Mark Nagurka, 2005-06-24 Certainty exists only in idealized models. Viewed as the quantification of uncertainties, probabilitry and random processes play a significant role in modern engineering, particularly in areas such as structural dynamics. Unlike this book, however, few texts develop applied probability in the practical manner appropriate for engineers. Probability Models in Engineering and Science provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to applied probabilistic modeling. The first four chapters present basic concepts in probability and random variables, and while doing so, develop methods for static problems. The remaining chapters address dynamic problems, where time is a critical parameter in the randomness. Highlights of the presentation include numerous examples and illustrations and an engaging, human connection to the subject, achieved through short biographies of some of the key people in the field. End-of-chapter problems help solidify understanding and footnotes to the literature expand the discussions and introduce relevant journals and texts. This book builds the background today's engineers need to deal explicitly with the scatter observed in experimental data and with intricate dynamic behavior. Designed for undergraduate and graduate coursework as well as self-study, the text's coverage of theory, approximation methods, and numerical methods make it equally valuable to practitioners. |
probability models for computer science: Models for Probability and Statistical Inference James H. Stapleton, 2007-12-14 This concise, yet thorough, book is enhanced with simulations and graphs to build the intuition of readers Models for Probability and Statistical Inference was written over a five-year period and serves as a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of probability and statistical inference. With detailed theoretical coverage found throughout the book, readers acquire the fundamentals needed to advance to more specialized topics, such as sampling, linear models, design of experiments, statistical computing, survival analysis, and bootstrapping. Ideal as a textbook for a two-semester sequence on probability and statistical inference, early chapters provide coverage on probability and include discussions of: discrete models and random variables; discrete distributions including binomial, hypergeometric, geometric, and Poisson; continuous, normal, gamma, and conditional distributions; and limit theory. Since limit theory is usually the most difficult topic for readers to master, the author thoroughly discusses modes of convergence of sequences of random variables, with special attention to convergence in distribution. The second half of the book addresses statistical inference, beginning with a discussion on point estimation and followed by coverage of consistency and confidence intervals. Further areas of exploration include: distributions defined in terms of the multivariate normal, chi-square, t, and F (central and non-central); the one- and two-sample Wilcoxon test, together with methods of estimation based on both; linear models with a linear space-projection approach; and logistic regression. Each section contains a set of problems ranging in difficulty from simple to more complex, and selected answers as well as proofs to almost all statements are provided. An abundant amount of figures in addition to helpful simulations and graphs produced by the statistical package S-Plus(r) are included to help build the intuition of readers. |
probability models for computer science: Probability and Statistics Michael J. Evans, Jeffrey S. Rosenthal, 2004 Unlike traditional introductory math/stat textbooks, Probability and Statistics: The Science of Uncertainty brings a modern flavor based on incorporating the computer to the course and an integrated approach to inference. From the start the book integrates simulations into its theoretical coverage, and emphasizes the use of computer-powered computation throughout.* Math and science majors with just one year of calculus can use this text and experience a refreshing blend of applications and theory that goes beyond merely mastering the technicalities. They'll get a thorough grounding in probability theory, and go beyond that to the theory of statistical inference and its applications. An integrated approach to inference is presented that includes the frequency approach as well as Bayesian methodology. Bayesian inference is developed as a logical extension of likelihood methods. A separate chapter is devoted to the important topic of model checking and this is applied in the context of the standard applied statistical techniques. Examples of data analyses using real-world data are presented throughout the text. A final chapter introduces a number of the most important stochastic process models using elementary methods. *Note: An appendix in the book contains Minitab code for more involved computations. The code can be used by students as templates for their own calculations. If a software package like Minitab is used with the course then no programming is required by the students. |
Probability - Wikipedia
Probability is a branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 …
Probability - Math is Fun
How likely something is to happen. Many events can't be predicted with total certainty. The best we can say is how likely they are to happen, using the idea of probability. When a coin is …
Probability - Formula, Calculating, Find, Theorems, Examples
Probability is all about how likely is an event to happen. For a random experiment with sample space S, the probability of happening of an event A is calculated by the probability formula n …
7.5: Basic Concepts of Probability - Mathematics LibreTexts
Define probability including impossible and certain events. Calculate basic theoretical probabilities. Calculate basic empirical probabilities. Distinguish among theoretical, empirical, …
Probability Definition in Math - BYJU'S
Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event to occur. Many events cannot be predicted with total certainty. We can predict only the chance of an event to occur i.e., how likely they …
How To Calculate Probability - Math Steps, Examples & Questions
Free how to calculate probability math topic guide, including step-by-step examples, free practice questions, teaching tips and more!
What is Probability? Definition, Types, Formula, & Examples
Apr 7, 2025 · Probability is defined as the measure of how likely an event is to happen, usually expressed as a value between zero and one. A Probability of zero indicates that the event is …
Probability in Maths - GeeksforGeeks
May 16, 2025 · In this section, you will explore the fundamental concepts of probability, key formulas, conditional probability, and Bayes' Theorem. By the end, you'll have a clear …
Probability | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
A probability is a number that represents the likelihood of an uncertain event. Probabilities are always between 0 and 1, inclusive. The larger the probability, the more likely the event is to …
Probability - Definition, Formula, Types, Terms, Solved Problems
Jan 15, 2021 · Probability is defined as the possibility of an event to occur. The formula for Probability is given as the ratio of the number of favorable events to the total number of …
Probability - Wikipedia
Probability is a branch of mathematics and statistics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 …
Probability - Math is Fun
How likely something is to happen. Many events can't be predicted with total certainty. The best we can say is how likely they are to happen, using the idea of probability. When a coin is …
Probability - Formula, Calculating, Find, Theorems, Examples
Probability is all about how likely is an event to happen. For a random experiment with sample space S, the probability of happening of an event A is calculated by the probability formula n …
7.5: Basic Concepts of Probability - Mathematics LibreTexts
Define probability including impossible and certain events. Calculate basic theoretical probabilities. Calculate basic empirical probabilities. Distinguish among theoretical, empirical, …
Probability Definition in Math - BYJU'S
Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event to occur. Many events cannot be predicted with total certainty. We can predict only the chance of an event to occur i.e., how likely they are …
How To Calculate Probability - Math Steps, Examples & Questions
Free how to calculate probability math topic guide, including step-by-step examples, free practice questions, teaching tips and more!
What is Probability? Definition, Types, Formula, & Examples
Apr 7, 2025 · Probability is defined as the measure of how likely an event is to happen, usually expressed as a value between zero and one. A Probability of zero indicates that the event is …
Probability in Maths - GeeksforGeeks
May 16, 2025 · In this section, you will explore the fundamental concepts of probability, key formulas, conditional probability, and Bayes' Theorem. By the end, you'll have a clear …
Probability | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
A probability is a number that represents the likelihood of an uncertain event. Probabilities are always between 0 and 1, inclusive. The larger the probability, the more likely the event is to …
Probability - Definition, Formula, Types, Terms, Solved Problems
Jan 15, 2021 · Probability is defined as the possibility of an event to occur. The formula for Probability is given as the ratio of the number of favorable events to the total number of …