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| politeness opposite: The Pragmatics of Politeness Geoffrey N. Leech, 2014 This readable book presents a new general theoretical understanding of politeness. It offers an account of a wide range of politeness phenomena in English, illustrated by hundreds of examples of actual language use taken largely from authentic British and American sources. Building on his earlier pioneering work on politeness, Geoffrey Leech takes a pragmatic approach that is based on the controversial notion that politeness is communicative altruism. Leech's 1983 book, Principles of Pragmatics, introduced the now widely-accepted distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of politeness; this book returns to the pragmalinguistic side, somewhat neglected in recent work. Drawing on neo-Gricean thinking, Leech rejects the prevalent view that it is impossible to apply the terms 'polite' or 'impolite' to linguistic phenomena. Leech covers all major speech acts that are either positively or negatively associated with politeness, such as requests, apologies, compliments, offers, criticisms, good wishes, condolences, congratulations, agreement, and disagreement. Additional chapters deal with impoliteness and the related phenomena of irony (mock politeness) and banter (mock impoliteness), and with the role of politeness in the learning of English as a second language. A final chapter takes a fascinating look at more than a thousand years of history of politeness in the English language. |
| politeness opposite: A Critique of Politeness Theory Gino Eelen, 2014-04-23 As a sociolinguistic phenomenon that connects language and its users to the social world that surrounds them, politeness can provide insights into the very structure of social reality and the process by which it is established and maintained. And through its focus on ethical aspects of social interaction, it can expose the fundamental nature and the inner workings of morality in our everyday lives. Although a highly specific subject matter, politeness therefore touches on issues far beyond its immediate borders. In a critical state-of-the-art review of the field, this book examines the extent to which the potential impact of politeness has been explored so far. Through a metatheoretical analysis of epistemological, methodological, social and psychological ideologies prevalent in mainstream politeness theory, it offers an overview of sociolinguistic thinking about language and social reality during the past quarter of a century. Eelen's analysis of the literature reveals a coherent and consistent ideology underlying the entire field, but also shows how this ideology has caused scientific theory to miss out on many important aspects of the reality of everyday life. His examination of the relationship between science and commonsense thinking, between scientific and everyday notions of politeness, draws attention to issues which remain untouched by current theoretical models and opens up avenues of research hitherto left unexplored. |
| politeness opposite: Impoliteness in Language Derek Bousfield, Miriam A. Locher, 2008-09-25 The volume addresses the enormous imbalance that exists between academic interest in politeness phenomena when compared to impoliteness phenomena. Researchers working with Brown and Levinson's ([1978] 1987) seminal work on politeness rarely focused explicitly on impoliteness. As a result, only one aspect of facework/relational work has been studied in detail. Next to this research desideratum, politeness research is on the move again, with alternative conceptions of politeness to those of Brown and Levinson being further developed. In this volume researchers present, discuss and explore the concept of linguistic impoliteness, the crucial differences and interconnectedness between lay understandings of impoliteness and the academic concept within a theory of facework/relational work, as well as the exercise of power that is involved when impoliteness occurs. The authors offer solid discussions of the theoretical issues involved and draw on data from political interaction, interaction with legally constituted authorities, workplace interaction in the factory and the office, code-switching and Internet practices. The collection offers inspiration for research on impoliteness in many different research fields, such as (critical) discourse analysis, conversation analysis, pragmatics and stylistics, as well as linguistic approaches to studies in conflict and conflict resolution. |
| politeness opposite: Aspects of Linguistic Impoliteness Denis Jamet, Manuel Jobert, 2013-08-19 Aspects of Linguistic Impoliteness aims to bring together a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches exploring the notion of “impoliteness” and the usage of impoliteness phenomena in language and discourse per se, instead of simply considering impoliteness as “politeness that has gone wrong”. Impoliteness draws mainly on linguistics, but also its sub-disciplines, as well as related disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and communication. Various researchers have been selected to contribute to Aspects of Linguistic Impoliteness, and the diversity of sub-disciplinary approaches is reflected in the multi-dimensional organisation of the five sections of the book. The book is divided into five thematic parts, with 16 chapters in all, as follows. The first part aims to study the links between impoliteness and rudeness, by providing a general framework to these notions. The second part deals with occurrences of impoliteness in television series and drama, when the third part mainly focuses on the discursive creations of impoliteness found in literary works. The fourth part concentrates on impoliteness and the philosophy of language, and the fifth and final part offers some case-studies of impoliteness in modern communication. |
| politeness opposite: Guy's Hospital Gazette , 1908 |
| politeness opposite: Pragmatics of Society Gisle Andersen, Karin Aijmer, 2011-12-23 Pragmatics of society takes a socio-cultural perspective on pragmatics and gives a broad view of how social and cultural factors influence language use. The volume covers a wide range of topics within the field of sociopragmatics. This subfield of pragmatics encompasses sociolinguistic studies that focus on how pragmatic and discourse features vary according to macro-sociological variables such as age, gender, class and region (variational pragmatics), and discourse/conversation analytical studies investigating variation according to the activity engaged in by the participants and the identities displayed as relevant in interaction. The volume also covers studies in linguistic pragmatics with a more general socio-cultural focus, including global and intercultural communication, politeness, critical discourse analysis and linguistic anthropology. Each article presents the state-of-the-art of the topic at hand, as well as new research. |
| politeness opposite: Interfaces Between Language and Culture in Medieval England Alaric Hall, 2010-01-01 The twelve articles in this volume promote the growing contacts between medieval linguistics and medieval cultural studies generally. Articles address medieval English linguistics, and the interrelation in Anglo-Saxon England between Latin and vernacular language and culture. |
| politeness opposite: Diachrony of Personal Pronouns in Japanese Osamu Ishiyama, 2019-01-15 Personal pronouns in Japanese form a heterogeneous category. This book investigates their historical development from a functional perspective. It shows that while nouns give rise to personal pronouns through semanticization of pragmatic inferences, the use of non-nominal forms such as demonstratives and reflexives for person referents can be resolved within their original functions, offering little reason to treat them as personal pronouns. The cross-linguistic investigation into the common sources of personal pronouns reveals that the development of personal pronouns from nouns is largely consistent with grammaticalization, but that of forms of non-nominal origins requires separate mechanisms such as spatial/empathetic perspectives and displacement of semantic features for politeness, showing that a one-size-fits-all approach to diachrony of personal pronouns is not sufficient. This book will be of special interest to researchers and students in historical linguistics, pragmatics, and Japanese linguistics, who take a functional view of language. |
| politeness opposite: Politeness Richard J. Watts, 2003-09-25 During the last fifteen years, existing models of linguistic politeness have generated a huge amount of empirical research. Using a wide range of data from real-life speech situations, this new introduction to politeness breaks away from the limitations of current models and argues that the proper object of study in politeness theory must be commonsense notions of what politeness and impoliteness are. From this, Watts argues, a more appropriate model, one based on Bourdieu's concept of social practice, is developed. |
| politeness opposite: Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics J.L. Mey, 2009-08-07 Concise Encyclopedia of Pragmatics, Second Edition (COPE) is an authoritative single-volume reference resource comprehensively describing the discipline of pragmatics, an important branch of natural language study dealing with the study of language in it's entire user-related theoretical and practical complexity. As a derivative volume from Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second Edition, it comprises contributions from the foremost scholars of semantics in their various specializations and draws on 20+ years of development in the parent work in a compact and affordable format. Principally intended for tertiary level inquiry and research, this will be invaluable as a reference work for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as academics inquiring into the study of meaning and meaning relations within languages. As pragmatics is a centrally important and inherently cross-cutting area within linguistics, it will therefore be relevant not just for meaning specialists, but for most linguistic audiences. - Edited by Jacob Mey, a leading pragmatics specialist, and authored by experts - The latest trends in the field authoritatively reviewed and interpreted in context of related disciplines - Drawn from the richest, most authoritative, comprehensive and internationally acclaimed reference resource in the linguistics area - Compact and affordable single volume reference format |
| politeness opposite: Hindi Yamuna Kachru, 2006-01-01 This book presents the structure of Hindi keeping in view the sociolinguistic context of language use. It includes descriptions of sounds, devices of word formation, rules of phrase and sentence construction and conventions of language use in spoken and written texts incorporating the insights gained by application of recent linguistic theories. The account presented here, however, is free from abstruse technical vocabulary and modes of presentation that aim at justifying a particular linguistic model. This volume is primarily designed as a source of reference for linguists and educators who want to be better informed about the forms and functions of Hindi, and a resource for students and teachers of Hindi. Hindi, the official language of the Republic of India, is the second most widely spoken language with approximately three hundred and fifty million speakers. In its diasporic contexts, it is spoken in Africa, Australia, Europe, Fiji, Guyana, Surinam, Trinidad, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States. An Indo-European language by genetic affiliation, Hindi shares many characteristics with Austro-Asiatic, Dravidian, and Sino-Tibetan languages of the subcontinent. In addition, Hindi has assimilated features of Arabic, Persian and English in a variety of its functionally determined styles. |
| politeness opposite: Manners, Norms and Transgressions in the History of English Andreas H. Jucker, Irma Taavitsainen, 2020-08-15 This volume traces the multifaceted concept of manners in the history of English from the late medieval through the early and late modern periods right up to the present day. It focuses in particular on transgressions of manners and norms of behaviour as an analytical tool to shed light on the discourse of polite conduct and styles of writing. The papers collected in this volume adopt both literary and linguistic perspectives. The fictional sources range from medieval romances and Shakespearean plays to eighteenth-century drama, Lewis Carroll’s Alice books and present-day television comedy drama. The non-fictional data includes conduct books, medical debates and petitions written by lower class women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The contributions focus in particular on the following questions: What are the social and political ideologies behind rules of etiquette and norms of interaction, and what can we learn from blunders and other transgressions? |
| politeness opposite: Language As Social Action Thomas M. Holtgraves, 2013-07-04 This interdisciplinary synthesis of the social psychological aspects of language use provides an integrative and timely review of language as social action. The book successfully weaves together research from philosophy, linguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropology, social and cognitive psychology, pragmatics, and artificial intelligence. In this way, it clearly demonstrates how many aspects of social life are mediated by language and how understanding language use requires an understanding of its social dimension. Topics covered include: *speech act theory and indirect speech acts; *politeness and the interpersonal determinants of language; *language and impression management and person perception; *conversational structure, perspective taking; and *language and social thought. This volume should serve as a valuable resource for students and researchers in social psychology and communication who want a clear presentation of the linguistic underpinnings of social interaction. It will also be useful to cognitive psychologists and other language researchers who want a thorough examination of the social psychological underpinnings of language use. Although this book is relevant for a variety of disciplines, it is written in a clear and straightforward style that will be accessible for readers regardless of their orientation. |
| politeness opposite: Im/Politeness Implicatures Michael Haugh, 2014-12-11 This volume brings together two highly researched but also highly controversial concepts, those of politeness and implicature. A theory of implicature as social action and im/politeness as social practice is developed that opens up new ways of examining the relationship between them. It constitutes a fresh look at the issues involved that redresses the current imbalance between social and pragmatic accounts of im/politeness. |
| politeness opposite: The Pragmatics of Interaction Sigurd Dhondt, Jan-Ola Östman, Jef Verschueren, 2009-09-30 The ten volumes of Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific philosophical, cognitive, grammatical, social, cultural, variational, or discursive angles, this fourth volume is dedicated to the empirical investigation of the way human beings organize their interaction in natural environments and how they use talk for accomplishing actions and their contexts. Starting from Goffman’s observation that interaction exhibits a structure in its own right that cannot be reduced to the psychological properties of the individual nor to society, it contains a selection of articles documenting the various levels of interactional organization. In addition to treatments of basic concepts such as sequence, participation, prosody and style and some topical articles on phenomena like reported speech and listener response, it also includes overviews of specific traditions (conversation analysis, ethnomethodology) and articles on eminent authors (Goffman, Sacks) who had a formative influence on the field. |
| politeness opposite: Requests in Film Dialogue and Dubbing Translation Vittorio Napoli, 2021-01-29 This volume is the first to give an account of speech act pragmatics and (im)politeness in film conversation and in dubbing translation, with a focus on requests. The scope of the book is twofold: on the one hand, it describes the pragmatic features of requests in English and Italian film dialogue, while, on the other, it reveals patterns and trends concerning their translation into dubbed Italian. The first part of the volume appeals to scholars in cross-cultural pragmatics and film conversation. Differences and similarities in requestive behaviour are investigated in a comparative perspective between the two film languages, while the pragmatic features typifying requests in film speech are analysed against features typifying requests in spontaneous conversation. The second section of the book will appeal to translation scholars, since it provides an insight into how the pragmatics and the (im)politeness of requests travel across languages in the translation process, thus contributing to the largely under-researched relationship between pragmatics and translation studies. |
| politeness opposite: Actas del XXI congreso internacional de A.E.D.E.A.N., Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos. Congreso, 1999 |
| politeness opposite: Pragmatics and the English Language Jonathan Culpeper, Michael Haugh, 2014-08-15 How do we interpret language and expose its meanings? How does pragmatics describe the English language? Where can we go to acquire a deeper understanding of pragmatics? Pragmatics and the English Language is a bold new textbook that presents an innovative and exciting way of looking at the subject. This new perspective, called integrative pragmatics, steers a course between what have historically been considered irreconcilable perspectives. With an emphasis on empirical data, the book is filled with examples from cartoons, films and historical sources, as well as face-to-face and digitally-mediated interactions, all of which are used to help the reader develop a better understanding of the theory. Pragmatics and the English Language: - Focuses on both the pragmatic aspects of English and how pragmatics is shaped by English - Synthesizes traditional ideas with state-of-the-art pragmatics research - Goes far beyond the coverage found in other pragmatics textbooks Shedding light on the English language in highly original ways, Pragmatics and the English Language is essential reading for advanced students of the English language and linguistics, along with anybody else who wishes to develop a more in-depth knowledge of pragmatics. |
| politeness opposite: Advancing (Im)politeness Studies Chaoqun Xie, 2023-09-26 This volume pushes forward research on (im)politeness by focusing on interpersonal interaction's cultural, digital and emotional aspects. With contributions by established and emerging scholars in the field, this collection explores and expounds, with the combination of solid theoretical foundation and up-close empirical demonstration, how (im)politeness not only gives but also gives off communicative and interpersonal meaning in diverse cultural contexts. Included are chapters on how (im)politeness contributes to the construction of social reality online and in social media and how (im)politeness prompts and is prompted by emotional sensitivities. This book is of interest and value to students and researchers in the field and those keen to know how effective human existence and essence are possible through the lens of (im)politeness. |
| politeness opposite: The Philosophy of (Im)politeness Chaoqun Xie, 2021-12-14 This book explores what new light philosophical approaches shed on a deeper understanding of (im)politeness. There have been numerous studies on linguistic (im)politeness, however, little attention has been paid to its philosophical underpinnings. This book opens new avenues for both (im)politeness and philosophy. It contributes to a fruitful dialogue among philosophy, pragmatics, and sociology. This volume appeals to students and researchers in these fields. |
| politeness opposite: The Social Practice of Symbolisation Ivo Strecker, 2021-03-10 The author explores the cognitive basis of symbolization, and symbolization as a social practice. from the London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology, this book is intended for students of anthropology and development studies. |
| politeness opposite: The Palgrave Handbook of Linguistic (Im)politeness Jonathan Culpeper, Michael Haugh, Dániel Z. Kádár, 2017-05-11 This handbook comprehensively examines social interaction by providing a critical overview of the field of linguistic politeness and impoliteness. Authored by over forty leading scholars, it offers a diverse and multidisciplinary approach to a vast array of themes that are vital to the study of interpersonal communication. The chapters explore the use of (im)politeness in specific contexts as well as wider developments, and variations across cultures and contexts in understandings of key concepts (such as power, emotion, identity and ideology). Within each chapter, the authors select a topic and offer a critical commentary on the key linguistic concepts associated with it, supporting their assertions with case studies that enable the reader to consider the practicalities of (im)politeness studies. This volume will be of interest to students and scholars of linguistics, particularly those concerned with pragmatics, sociolinguistics and interpersonal communication. Its multidisciplinarynature means that it is also relevant to researchers across the social sciences and humanities, particularly those working in sociology, psychology and history. |
| politeness opposite: The Gentlemen's Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness Cecil B. Hartley, 1874 |
| politeness opposite: Language in Use Patrick Griffiths, Andrew John Merrison, Aileen Bloomer, 2020-07-24 Designed for introductory students, this collection of key readings in language and linguistics will take readers beyond their introductory textbook and introduce them to the thoughts and writings of many esteemed authorities. The reader includes seminal papers, new or controversial pieces to stimulate discussion and reports on applied work. Language in Use: is split into four parts – ‘Language and Interaction’, ‘Language Systems’, ‘Language and Society’ and ‘Language and Mind’ covers all the topics of language study including conversation analysis, pragmatics, power and politeness, semantics, grammar, phonetics, multilingualism, child language acquisition and psycholinguistics has readings from authorities including Pinker, Fairclough, Crystal, Le Page and Tabouret-Keller, Hughes, Trudgill and Watt, Halliday, Sacks, Mills, Obler and Gjerlow provides comprehensive editorial support for each reading with introductions, activities or discussion points to follow and further reading Is supported by a companion website, offering extra resources for students including additional activities, useful weblinks and advice from the authors Designed for use as a companion to Introducing Language in Use (Routledge, 2005), but also highly usable as a stand-alone text, this Reader will introduce readers to the wide world of linguistics and applied linguistics. |
| politeness opposite: Laws and Rules in Indo-European Philomen Probert, Andreas Willi, 2012-05-10 This book examines the operation of laws, rules, and principles in Indo-European, the language family which includes the Celtic, Germanic, Italic/Romance, and Baltic/Slavic subfamilies as well as the predominant languages of Greece, Iran, parts of Southern Asia, and ancient Anatolia. Laws and rules are crucial to Indo-European studies: they constrain the reconstructions and etymologies on which knowledge of the history and prehistory of Indo-European in particular and ancient languages more generally is based, and which allow processes of morphological change, semantic shift, and borrowing to be identified. But these laws and rules require constant reassessment in the light of new evidence, theory, and method. Through a series of case studies re-examining specific laws and rules in the Indo-European language family, this book explores the implications of new insights into language change andof increasing opportunities for attention to chronology and detail in the treatment of primary material. The languages and language families under consideration include Celtic, Germanic, Italic and Romance, Armenian, Greek, and Indo-Iranian languages as well as Proto-Indo-European. Laws and Rules in Indo-European brings together leading scholars from all over the world. It makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the history of ancient languages and the reconstruction of their ancestors, as well as to research methods. |
| politeness opposite: Revisiting Narnia Shanna Caughey, 2009-06-22 Theologians, psychologists, academics, feminists, and fantasists offer humor, insight, and fresh perspectives on the enchanting and beloved Chronicles of Narnia series. Such contributors as fantasists Sarah Zettel and Lawrence Watt-Evans, children's literature scholar Naomi Wood, and C.S. Lewis scholars Colin Duriez and Joseph Pearce discuss topics such as J.R.R. Tolkien and Middle Earth's influence on the conception of Narnia, the relevance of allegory for both Christians and non-Christians, the idea of divine providence in Narnia, and Narnia's influence on modern-day witchcraft. Fans of the wildly popular series will revel in the examination of all aspects of C.S. Lewis and his magical Narnia. |
| politeness opposite: Corpus Approaches to Contemporary British Speech Vaclav Brezina, Robbie Love, Karin Aijmer, 2018-05-23 Featuring contributions from an international team of leading and up-and-coming scholars, this innovative volume provides a comprehensive sociolinguistic picture of current spoken British English based on the Spoken BNC2014, a brand new corpus of British speech. The book begins with short introductions highlighting the state-of-the-art in three major areas of corpus-based sociolinguistics, while the remaining chapters feature rigorous analysis of the research outcomes of the project grounded in Spoken BNC2014 data samples, highlighting English used in everyday situations in the UK, with brief summaries reflecting on the sociolinguistic implications of this research included at the end of each chapter. This unique and robust dataset allows this team of researchers the unique opportunity to focus on speaker characteristics such as gender, age, dialect and socio-economic status, to examine a range of sociolinguistic dimensions, including grammar, pragmatics, and discourse, and to reflect on the major changes that have occurred in British society since the last corpus was compiled in the 1990s. This dynamic new contribution to the burgeoning field of corpus-based sociolinguistics is key reading for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, pragmatics, grammar, and British English. |
| politeness opposite: Language and Football Eva Lavric, Gerhard Pisek, 2024-06-03 Wie kommen Fußballklubs mit der Sprachenvielfalt in der Mannschaft zurecht? Welche Funktionär:innen und Politiker:innen beschimpfen französische Fans auf ihren Foren? Ticken Live-Ticker in verschiedenen Kulturen gleich oder unterschiedlich? Wenn bei einem Fußball-Videogame der digitale Schiedsrichter Abseits konstatiert, kann man dann auch dagegen sein? Wie kämpfen Fans für die Beibehaltung der traditionellen Stadiennamen? Um welche Mannschaften handelt es sich bei den Rivalen Herne-West und Lüdenscheid Nord? Inwiefern bestimmt die Kultur Ghanas die Bildhaftigkeit seiner Fußballkommentare? Dieses Buch beantwortet nicht nur alle Ihre Fragen über Sprache(n) und Fußball, sondern auch viele weitere, die Sie sich noch nicht gestellt haben. Eine Fülle an linguistischen Disziplinen, zahlreiche Länder und Sprachen auf mehreren Kontinenten: der Fußball bringt sie alle zusammen. |
| politeness opposite: Ritual and Language Dániel Z. Kádár, 2024-01-31 While ritual is often associated with phenomena such as ceremonies, cursing and etiquette, it actually encompasses something much more important: it includes all instances of communally oriented language use. As such, ritual manifests itself in many forms in our daily lives, such as politeness, swearing and humour, and in many different life situations, spanning trash talk in sports events, through market bargaining, to conventional social pleasantries. This pioneering book provides an introduction to ritual language use by providing a cutting-edge, language-anchored and replicable framework applicable for the study of ritual in different datatypes and languages. The framework is illustrated with a wealth of case studies drawn from Chinese and Anglophone rituals which demonstrate how to use it effectively. The book is essential reading for both academics and students, and is relevant to pragmatics, applied linguistics and other fields. |
| politeness opposite: The Politeness Principle Christina Martens, 2002-03-24 Seminar paper from the year 2001 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 3,0 (C), http://www.uni-jena.de/ (Institut für Anglistics/ American Studies), language: English, abstract: 1. Overview of the Politeness Principle In everyday situations we have to communicate with other people to get information, to gain knowledge about a topic or to reach a variety of goals. To be successful, one has to follow some important strategies. Beside the rule of the language philosopher H.P. Grice, which is called the Cooperative Principle, there exists another concept that served when people are talking. It is called the Politeness Principle which has above all been developed by Leech. In the centre of this concept does not stand the information of a conversation, but the effect of what is said on the people. [...] |
| politeness opposite: The Discourse of Business Negotiation Konrad Ehlich, Johannes Wagner, 1995 No detailed description available for The Discourse of Business Negotiation. |
| politeness opposite: Impoliteness in Interaction Derek Bousfield, 2008 This study concerns the nature of impoliteness in face-to-face spoken interaction. For more than three decades many pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies of interaction have considered politeness to be one central explanatory concept governing and underpinning face-to-face interaction. Politeness' evil twin impoliteness has been largely neglected until only very recently. This book, the first of its kind on the subject, considers the role that impoliteness has to play by drawing extracts from a range of discourse types (car parking disputes, army and police training, police-public interactions and kitchen discourse). The study considers the triggering of impoliteness; explores the dynamic progression of impolite exchanges, and examines the way in which such exchanges come to some form of resolution. 'Face' and the linguistic sophistication and manipulation of discoursally expected norms to cause, or deflect impoliteness is also explored, as is the dynamic and sometimes hotly contested nature of an individual's socio-discoursal role. |
| politeness opposite: Introduction to Pragmatics Mingyou Xiang, Mian Jia, Xiaohui Bu, 2024-01-03 This book covers major topics in the Anglo-American tradition, including deixis, presupposition, implicature, speech acts, and (im)politeness. These key topics are illustrated with examples and case studies from various contexts such as romantic relationships, online forums, social media posts, and popular culture. The book also includes a methods chapter that offers a hands-on guide for literature search, data collection, and data analysis. This book is particularly suitable for readers who have no prior knowledge of pragmatics. |
| politeness opposite: Introducing Linguistics Jonathan Culpeper, Beth Malory, Claire Nance, Daniel Van Olmen, Dimitrinka Atanasova, Sam Kirkham, Aina Casaponsa, 2022-12-30 Introducing Linguistics brings together the work of scholars working at the cutting-edge of the field of linguistics, creating an accessible and wide-ranging introductory level textbook for newcomers to this area of study. The textbook: • Provides broad coverage of the field, comprising five key areas: language structures, mind and society, applications, methods, and issues; • Presents the latest research in an accessible way; • Incorporates examples from a wide variety of languages – from isiZulu to Washo – throughout; • Treats sign language in numerous chapters as yet another language, rather than a ‘special case’ confined to its own chapter; • Includes recommended readings and resource materials, and is supplemented by a companion website. This textbook goes beyond description and theory, giving weight to application and methodology. It is authored by a team of leading scholars from the world-renowned Lancaster University department, who have drawn on both their research and extensive classroom experience. Aimed at undergraduate students of linguistics, Introducing Linguistics is the ideal textbook to introduce students to the field of linguistics. |
| politeness opposite: Politeness in Ancient Greek and Latin Luis Unceta Gómez, Łukasz Berger, 2022-09-08 Politeness serves to manage social relations or is wielded as an instrument of power. Through good manners, people demonstrate their educational background and social rank. This is the first book to bring together the most recent scholarship on politeness and impoliteness in Ancient Greek and Latin, signalling both its universal and its culture-specific traits. Leading scholars analyse texts by canonical classical authors (including Plato, Cicero, Euripides, and Plautus), as well as non-literary sources, to provide glimpses into the courtesy and rudeness of Greek and Latin speakers. A wide range of interdisciplinary approaches is adopted, namely pragmatics, conversation analysis, and computational linguistics. With its extensive introduction, the volume introduces readers to one of the most dynamic fields of Linguistics, while demonstrating that it can serve as an innovative tool in philological readings of classical texts. |
| politeness opposite: Sociolinguistics Florian Coulmas, 2013-08-15 Why do we speak the way we do? What are the social factors that influence our choices of expression? This best-selling introduction to the study of language and society encourages students to think about these fundamental questions, asking how and why we select from the vast range of different words, accents, varieties and languages available to us. In this new and updated edition, students are taken step-by-step through the analysis of linguistic expressions, speech varieties and languages in complex settings. Enriched with recent findings from different languages and speech communities around the world, this comprehensive textbook equips students with knowledge of the main concepts and gives them a coherent view of the complex interaction of language and society. • 'Questions for Discussion' help students understand how speakers' choices are conditioned by the society in which they live • New to this edition is a rich repertoire of online resources and further reading, enabling students to investigate more deeply and advance their learning • Includes a topical new chapter on research ethics, guiding students on the ethical questions involved in sociolinguistic research. |
| politeness opposite: March's Thesaurus Dictionary Francis Andrew March, 1925 |
| politeness opposite: Politeness Penelope Brown, Stephen C. Levinson, 1987-02-27 This book studies the principles for constructing polite speeches, based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures. |
| politeness opposite: The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia Louise Cummings, 2010-04-05 Pragmatics has grown considerably in its relatively short history, from its original disciplinary influences in philosophy and linguistics, into a multidisciplinary field that encompasses a range of theoretical and empirical concerns. The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia captures the diversity of these intellectual interests in a comprehensive, single-volume edition. The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia covers concepts and theories that have traditionally been associated with pragmatics, but also recent areas of development within the field, scholars who have had a significant influence on pragmatics, interdisciplinary exchanges between pragmatics and other areas of enquiry and all major research trends. Extensive cross-references between entries, along with suggestions for further reading at the end of entries, ensure that the interested reader can pursue additional study of chosen topics. With over 200 entries, written by leading academics from around the world, The Routledge Pragmatics Encyclopedia captures the rich complexity of pragmatics in an accessible manner. This reference will be relevant to students of pragmatics as well as to established scholars in the field. |
| politeness opposite: Gender and Politeness Sara Mills, 2003-07-10 Gender and Politeness challenges the notion that women are necessarily always more polite than men as much of the language and gender literature claims. Sara Mills discusses the complex relations between gender and politeness and argues that although there are circumstances when women speakers, drawing on stereotypes of femininity to guide their behaviour, will appear to be acting in a more polite way than men, there are many circumstances where women will act just as impolitely as men. |
Politeness - Wikipedia
Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered …
POLITENESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
POLITENESS definition: 1. behaviour that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people's…. Learn more.
POLITENESS Synonyms: 112 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for POLITENESS: manners, attentiveness, gallantry, courteousness, elegance, civility, thoughtfulness, courtesy; Antonyms of POLITENESS: rudeness, impoliteness, incivility, …
Politeness - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The way you act when you're respectful, thoughtful, and kind towards others is politeness. It's politeness that makes you say "Thank you!" when someone hands you the pen you dropped.
What Are Politeness Strategies? - ThoughtCo
May 12, 2025 · In sociolinguistics and conversation analysis (CA), politeness strategies are speech acts that express concern for others and minimize threats to self-esteem ("face") in …
The Politeness Theory: A Guide for Everyone - UniversalClass
Research from 1990 posits four main approaches to viewing politeness: as a "social norm," as a component of "conversational maxim" (rules guiding conversations), as "face-saving" (Brown …
How to be Polite | SkillsYouNeed
Being polite means being aware of and respecting the feelings of other people. We may not always notice politeness but we usually notice rudeness or inconsiderate behaviour. This page …
politeness noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Jun 9, 2017 · Definition of politeness noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Politeness - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Politeness is the teaching or acting of good manners so as not to offend others. What is thought to be polite may be different or event rude depending on many cultures.
The Art Of Being Polite: Your Ultimate Guide To Social Etiquette
Politeness is an important aspect of effective communication in English. It can help you build positive relationships, avoid misunderstandings, and convey your thoughts and feelings in a …
Politeness - Wikipedia
Politeness is the practical application of good manners or etiquette so as not to offend others and to put them at ease. It is a culturally defined phenomenon, and therefore what is considered …
POLITENESS | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
POLITENESS definition: 1. behaviour that is socially correct and shows understanding of and care for other people's…. Learn more.
POLITENESS Synonyms: 112 Similar and Opposite Words - Merriam-Webster
Synonyms for POLITENESS: manners, attentiveness, gallantry, courteousness, elegance, civility, thoughtfulness, courtesy; Antonyms of POLITENESS: rudeness, impoliteness, incivility, …
Politeness - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
The way you act when you're respectful, thoughtful, and kind towards others is politeness. It's politeness that makes you say "Thank you!" when someone hands you the pen you dropped.
What Are Politeness Strategies? - ThoughtCo
May 12, 2025 · In sociolinguistics and conversation analysis (CA), politeness strategies are speech acts that express concern for others and minimize threats to self-esteem ("face") in …
The Politeness Theory: A Guide for Everyone - UniversalClass
Research from 1990 posits four main approaches to viewing politeness: as a "social norm," as a component of "conversational maxim" (rules guiding conversations), as "face-saving" (Brown …
How to be Polite | SkillsYouNeed
Being polite means being aware of and respecting the feelings of other people. We may not always notice politeness but we usually notice rudeness or inconsiderate behaviour. This page …
politeness noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Jun 9, 2017 · Definition of politeness noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Politeness - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Politeness is the teaching or acting of good manners so as not to offend others. What is thought to be polite may be different or event rude depending on many cultures.
The Art Of Being Polite: Your Ultimate Guide To Social Etiquette
Politeness is an important aspect of effective communication in English. It can help you build positive relationships, avoid misunderstandings, and convey your thoughts and feelings in a …
