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| poor laws in america: From Poor Law to Welfare State Walter I. Trattner, 1979 |
| poor laws in america: Welfare's Forgotten Past Lorie Charlesworth, 2009-12-16 That ‘poor law was law’ is a fact that has slipped from the consciousness of historians of welfare in England and Wales, and in North America. Welfare's Forgotten Past remedies this situation by tracing the history of the legal right of the settled poor to relief when destitute. Poor law was not simply local custom, but consisted of legal rights, duties and obligations that went beyond social altruism. This legal ‘truth’ is, however, still ignored or rejected by some historians, and thus ‘lost’ to social welfare policy-makers. This forgetting or minimising of a legal, enforceable right to relief has not only led to a misunderstanding of welfare’s past; it has also contributed to the stigmatisation of poverty, and the emergence and persistence of the idea that its relief is a 'gift' from the state. Documenting the history and the effects of this forgetting, whilst also providing a ‘legal’ history of welfare, Lorie Charlesworth argues that it is timely for social policy-makers and reformists – in Britain, the United States and elsewhere – to reconsider an alternative welfare model, based on the more positive, legal aspects of welfare’s 400-year legal history. |
| poor laws in america: How Welfare Worked in the Early United States Gabriel J. Loiacono, 2021-04-15 What was American welfare like in George Washington's day? It was expensive, extensive, and run by local governments. Known as poor relief, it included what we would now call welfare and social work. Unlike other aspects of government, poor relief remained consistent in structure between the establishment of the British colonies in the 1600s and the New Deal of the 1930s. In this book, Gabriel J. Loiacono follows the lives of five people in Rhode Island between the Revolutionary War and 1850: a long-serving overseer of the poor, a Continental Army veteran who was repeatedly banished from town, a nurse who was paid by the government to care for the poor, an unwed mother who cared for the elderly, and a paralyzed young man who attempted to become a Christian missionary from inside of a poorhouse. Of Native, African, and English descent, these five Rhode Islanders utilized poor relief in various ways. Tracing their involvement with these programs, Loiacono explains the importance of welfare through the first few generations of United States history. In Washington's day, poor relief was both generous and controlling. Two centuries ago, Americans paid for--and many relied on--an astonishing governmental system that provided food, housing, and medical care to those in need. This poor relief system also shaped American households and dictated where Americans could live and work. Recent generations have assumed that welfare is a new development in the United States. This book shows how old welfare is in the United States of America through five little-known, but compelling, life stories. |
| poor laws in america: Poverty and Poor Law Reform in Nineteenth-Century Britain, 1834-1914 David Englander, 2013-12-02 The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 is one of the most important pieces of social legislation ever enacted. Its principles and the workhouse system dominated attitudes to welfare provision for the next 80 years. This new Seminar Study explores the changing ideas to poverty over this period and assesses current debates on Victorian attitudes to the poor. David Englander reviews the old system of poor relief; he considers how the New Poor Law was enacted and received and looks at how it worked in practice. The chapter on the Scottish experience will be particularly welcomed, as will Dr Englander's discussion of the place of the Poor Law within British history. |
| poor laws in america: The Making of the Irish Poor Law, 1815-43 Peter Gray, 2009-06-15 Peter Gray presents a complete scholarly account of the origins and introduction of the poor law in Ireland. |
| poor laws in america: From Poor Law to Welfare State, 6th Edition Walter I. Trattner, 2007-11-01 Over twenty-five years and through five editions, Walter I. Trattner's From Poor Law to Welfare State has served as the standard text on the history of welfare policy in the United States. The only comprehensive account of American social welfare history from the colonial era to the present, the new sixth edition has been updated to include the latest developments in our society as well as trends in social welfare. Trattner provides in-depth examination of developments in child welfare, public health, and the evolution of social work as a profession, showing how all these changes affected the treatment of the poor and needy in America. He explores the impact of public policies on social workers and other helping professions -- all against the backdrop of social and intellectual trends in American history. From Poor Law to Welfare State directly addresses racism and sexism and pays special attention to the worsening problems of child abuse, neglect, and homelessness. Topics new to this sixth edition include: A review of President Clinton's health-care reform and its failure, and his efforts to end welfare as we know it Recent developments in child welfare including an expanded section on the voluntary use of children's institutions by parents in the nineteenth century, and the continued discrimination against black youth in the juvenile justice system An in-depth discussion of Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein's controversial book, The Bell Curve, which provided social conservatives new weapons in their war on the black poor and social welfare in general The latest information on AIDS and the reappearance of tuberculosis -- and their impact on public health policy A new Preface and Conclusion, and substantially updated Bibliographies Written for students in social work and other human service professions, From Poor Law to Welfare State: A History of Social Welfare in America is also an essential resource for historians, political scientists, sociologists, and policymakers. |
| poor laws in america: English Poor Law History Sidney Webb, Beatrice Webb, 1927 |
| poor laws in america: Slavery by Another Name Douglas A. Blackmon, 2012-10-04 A Pulitzer Prize-winning history of the mistreatment of black Americans. In this 'precise and eloquent work' - as described in its Pulitzer Prize citation - Douglas A. Blackmon brings to light one of the most shameful chapters in American history - an 'Age of Neoslavery' that thrived in the aftermath of the Civil War through the dawn of World War II. Using a vast record of original documents and personal narratives, Blackmon unearths the lost stories of slaves and their descendants who journeyed into freedom after the Emancipation Proclamation and then back into the shadow of involuntary servitude thereafter. By turns moving, sobering and shocking, this unprecedented account reveals these stories, the companies that profited the most from neoslavery, and the insidious legacy of racism that reverberates today. |
| poor laws in america: Expelling the Poor Hidetaka Hirota, 2017 Expelling the Poor argues that immigration policies in nineteenth-century New York and Massachusetts, driven by cultural prejudice against the Irish and more fundamentally by economic concerns about their poverty, laid the foundations for American immigration control. |
| poor laws in america: The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England A.L. Beier, 2003-09-02 This pamphlet examines recent research into the poor laws of Tudor and Stuart England. Dr Beier asks the question ‘who were the poor?’ and in answering it places the ‘problem of the poor’ in its historical context, examining it in relation to medieval provisions for dealing with poverty. He shows how far legislation was influenced by economic changes, by ideas about poverty and by the interests of the legislators themselves. Dr Beier evaluates the varying interpretations of the poor laws, from those who have seen them as an early ‘welfare state’ to those who have considered them to be the manifestation of a ‘Protestant ethic’. The major poor-law statues are summarized in an appendix, and there is a useful bibliography. |
| poor laws in america: Poor Law to Poverty Program Samuel Mencher, 2010-11-23 The welfare state is a pervasive and controversial aspect of contemporary society. Samuel Mencher provides a historical and philosophical background on the growth of welfare policy through its sources, concepts, and specific programs. He covers a period from the English Poor Law of the sixteenth century through contemporary times-viewing changing attitudes toward poverty, new concepts on the nature of man and the influence of scientific thought-and also discusses mercantilism, laissez-faire, utilitarianism, liberalism, socialism, romanticism, social Darwinism, and modern capitalism as major influences on the growth of economic security policy. |
| poor laws in america: The Poor Law Thomas Welbank Fowle, 1898 |
| poor laws in america: A History of the Scotch Poor Law Sir George Nicholls, 1856 |
| poor laws in america: Human Services and the Afrocentric Paradigm Jerome Schiele, Jerome H Schiele, 2013-09-13 Discover how human services professionals can help to eliminate cultural oppression!Human Services and the Afrocentric Paradigm presents a new way of understanding human behavior, attacking social problems, and exploring social issues. This excellent guide shows that understanding the simultaneous forces of oppression and spiritual alienation in American society serves as a foundation for understanding the societal problems here. The first book to offer a comprehensive exposition of how the Afrocentric paradigm can be used by human service professionals and community advocates, Human Services and the Afrocentric Paradigm discusses why and how human service work is hampered by Eurocentric cultural values and will help you to offer fair and effective services to your clients. Human Services and the Afrocentric Paradigm provides you with a concrete discription of how the Afrocentric model can be applied in human services to help people of all races and ethnicities. You will expand and diversify your knowledge base in human services by understanding the cultural values, traditions, and experiences of people of African ancestry.Some of the issues and concepts in the Afrocentric paradigm that you will explore are: defining the Afrocentric worldview, complete with a discussion of its philosophical assumptions and its shortcomings understanding traditional helping assumptions and methods of West African societies and how these have influenced the helping strategies of African-Americans exploring the strengths and weaknesses of some early African-American human service scholars, with special concern placed on their rejection of traditional African methods in favor of Eurocentric ideas resolving youth violence and helping people with substance abuse problems examining Afrocentric assumptions about resource distribution, morality, and societal relationships identifying organizational and conceptual differences in Eurocentric and Afrocentric paradigms creating organizational empowerment and an enhanced work environment via the Afrocentric paradigmHuman Services and the Afrocentric Paradigm will help you understand, solve, and prevent problems that are confronted by several races, especially individuals of African descent. This timely and relevant worldview is thoroughly explained to assist you in better serving people of color. The Afrocentric paradigm will help human services practitioners, administrators, policy advocates, analysts, educators, and black studies professors and students achieve educational and treatment objectives by showing you the importance of various cultural values and how to integrate them to make a difference! |
| poor laws in america: Making Foreigners Kunal M. Parker, 2015-08-31 This book reconceptualizes the history of US immigration and citizenship law from the colonial period to the beginning of the twenty-first century by joining the histories of immigrants to those of Native Americans, African Americans, women, Asian Americans, Latino/a Americans and the poor. Parker argues that during the earliest stages of American history, being legally constructed as a foreigner, along with being subjected to restrictions on presence and movement, was not confined to those who sought to enter the country from the outside, but was also used against those on the inside. Insiders thus shared important legal disabilities with outsiders. It is only over the course of four centuries, with the spread of formal and substantive citizenship among the domestic population, a hardening distinction between citizen and alien, and the rise of a powerful centralized state, that the uniquely disabled legal subject we recognize today as the immigrant has emerged. |
| poor laws in america: Social Work Practice and Social Welfare Policy in the United States Philip R. Popple, 2018-01-26 The first new social work history to be written in over twenty years, Social Work Practice and Social Welfare Policy in the United States presents a history of the field from the perspective of elites, service providers, and recipients. This book uniquely chronicles and analyzes the development of social work practice theory on two levels: from the top down, looking at the writings, conference presentations, and training course material developed by leaders of the profession; and from the bottom up, looking at case records for evidence of techniques that were actually applied by social workers in the field. Additionally, the author takes a careful and critical look at the development of social work methods, setting it apart from existing histories that generally accept the effectiveness of the field's work. Addressing CSWE EPAS standards at both the BSW and MSW levels, Social Work Practice and Social Welfare Policy in the United States is ideal both as a primary text for history of social work/social welfare classes and a supplementary text for introduction to social work/social welfare or social welfare policy and services classes. |
| poor laws in america: Agrarian Justice Thomas Paine, 2010-05-22 For many years it has been hard to get hold of a copy of the, Eighteenth Century professional revolutionary, Tom Paine's 'Agrarian Justice'. In this new edition readers can get their hands on this classic text. They may well be surprised by its modernity and its relevance to the current age... |
| poor laws in america: Poor Relief Laws American Public Welfare Association, 1934 |
| poor laws in america: Reluctant Charity William P. Quigley, 2019 Like the poor of today, the poor in early America were a varied lot, from children to the aged, rural and urban, workers and immigrants and the disabled. The poor laws of the thirteen states were strongly influenced by both the English and the Colonial American poor laws. At the time of the American Revolution, England had four hundred years of experience developing its system of poor laws. The themes of English poor law that continued to resonate in the earliest American poor laws include: relief of the poor was a local government responsibility; poverty was treated not as an economic problem, but as an individual failure; poor people from other places were unwelcome; everyone who could work was forced to work; poor relief was provided as cheaply as possible; and ongoing dissatisfaction existed with all methods of regulating the poor. |
| poor laws in america: Pauperism and Poor Laws , 1852 |
| poor laws in america: Pauperism and Poor Laws Robert Pashley, 1852 |
| poor laws in america: A Poverty of Rights Brodwyn M. Fischer, 2008 A Poverty of Rights examines the history of poor people's citizenship in Rio from the 1920s through the 1960s, the 20th-century period that most critically shaped urban development, social inequality, and the meaning of law and rights in modern Brazil. |
| poor laws in america: Report of the Poor Law Commissioners Great Britain. Poor Law Commissioners, 1838 |
| poor laws in america: Handbook of Income Distribution Anthony B. Atkinson, F. Bourguignon, 2000-06-07 Distributional issues may not have always been among the main concerns of the economic profession. Today, in the beginning of the 2000s, the position is different. During the last quarter of a century, economic growth proved to be unsteady and rather slow on average. The situation of those at the bottom ceased to improve regularly as in the preceding fast growth and full-employment period. Europe has seen prolonged unemployment and there has been widening wage dispersion in a number of OECD countries. Rising affluence in rich countries coexists, in a number of such countries, with the persistence of poverty. As a consequence, it is difficult nowadays to think of an issue ranking high in the public economic debate without some strong explicit distributive implications. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, taxes, monetary or trade union, privatisation, price and competition regulation, the future of the Welfare State are all issues which are now often perceived as conflictual because of their strong redistributive content. Economists have responded quickly to the renewed general interest in distribution, and the contents of this Handbook are very different from those which would have been included had it been written ten or twenty years ago. It has now become common to have income distribution variables playing a pivotal role in economic models. The recent interest in the relationship between growth and distribution is a good example of this. The surge of political economy in the contemporary literature is also a route by which distribution is coming to re-occupy the place it deserves. Within economics itself, the development of models of imperfect information and informational asymmetries have not only provided a means of resolving the puzzle as to why identical workers get paid different amounts, but have also caused reconsideration of the efficiency of market outcomes. These models indicate that there may not necessarily be an efficiency/equity trade-off; it may be possible to make progress on both fronts. The introduction and subsequent 14 chapters of this Handbook cover in detail all these new developments, insisting at the same time on how they tie with the previous literature on income distribution. The overall perspective is intentionally broad. As with landscapes, adopting various points of view on a given issue may often be the only way of perceiving its essence or reality. Accordingly, income distribution issues in the various chapters of this volume are considered under their theoretical or their empirical side, under a normative or a positive angle, in connection with redistribution policy, in a micro or macro-economic context, in different institutional settings, at various point of space, in a historical or contemporaneous perspective. Specialized readers will go directly to the chapter dealing with the issue or using the approach they are interested in. For them, this Handbook will be a clear and sure reference. To more patient readers who will go through various chapters of this volume, this Handbook should provide the multi-faceted view that seems necessary for a deep understanding of most issues in the field of distribution. For more information on the Handbooks in Economics series, please see our home page on http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/hes |
| poor laws in america: The New Public Health Theodore H. Tulchinsky, Elena A. Varavikova, 2014-03-26 The New Public Health has established itself as a solid textbook throughout the world. Translated into 7 languages, this work distinguishes itself from other public health textbooks, which are either highly locally oriented or, if international, lack the specificity of local issues relevant to students' understanding of applied public health in their own setting. This 3e provides a unified approach to public health appropriate for all masters' level students and practitioners—specifically for courses in MPH programs, community health and preventive medicine programs, community health education programs, and community health nursing programs, as well as programs for other medical professionals such as pharmacy, physiotherapy, and other public health courses. - Changes in infectious and chronic disease epidemiology including vaccines, health promotion, human resources for health and health technology - Lessons from H1N1, pandemic threats, disease eradication, nutritional health - Trends of health systems and reforms and consequences of current economic crisis for health - Public health law, ethics, scientific d health technology advances and assessment - Global Health environment, Millennium Development Goals and international NGOs |
| poor laws in america: A People's History of Poverty in America Stephen Pimpare, 2011 Tens of millions of Americans currently live in poverty, more and more of them in extreme poverty. But the words we use to describe them tend to obscure rather than illuminate the human lives and real-life stories behind the statistics. A sympathetic social history that allows poor people, past and present, to tell their own remarkably similar stories (Booklist), A People's History of Poverty in America movingly brings to life poor people's everyday battles for dignity and respect in the face of the judgment, control, and disdain that are all too often the price they must pay for charity and government aid. Through prodigious research, Stephen Pimpare has unearthed poignant and often surprising testimonies and accounts that range from the early days of the United States to the complex social and economic terrain of the present. A work of sweeping analysis, A People's History of Poverty in America reminds us that poverty is not in itself a moral failure, though our failure to understand it may well be. |
| poor laws in america: Book of Ages Jill Lepore, 2014-07-01 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD FINALIST ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR NPR • Time Magazine • The Washington Post • Entertainment Weekly • The Boston Globe A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK From one of our most accomplished and widely admired historians—a revelatory portrait of Benjamin Franklin's youngest sister, Jane, whose obscurity and poverty were matched only by her brother’s fame and wealth but who, like him, was a passionate reader, a gifted writer, and an astonishingly shrewd political commentator. Making use of an astonishing cache of little-studied material, including documents, objects, and portraits only just discovered, Jill Lepore brings Jane Franklin to life in a way that illuminates not only this one extraordinary woman but an entire world. |
| poor laws in america: On Assistance to the Poor Juan Luis Vives, 1999 |
| poor laws in america: U.S. History P. Scott Corbett, Volker Janssen, John M. Lund, Todd Pfannestiel, Sylvie Waskiewicz, Paul Vickery, 2024-09-10 U.S. History is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of most introductory courses. The text provides a balanced approach to U.S. history, considering the people, events, and ideas that have shaped the United States from both the top down (politics, economics, diplomacy) and bottom up (eyewitness accounts, lived experience). U.S. History covers key forces that form the American experience, with particular attention to issues of race, class, and gender. |
| poor laws in america: Perspectives in Public Welfare Blanche D. Coll, 1969 |
| poor laws in america: The Crime of Poverty Henry George, 1918 |
| poor laws in america: Report of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress Great Britain. Royal Commission on Poor Laws and Relief of Distress, 1910 |
| poor laws in america: Permanent Supportive Housing National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Policy and Global Affairs, Science and Technology for Sustainability Program, Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals, 2018-07-11 Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed. Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs. |
| poor laws in america: Poor America Samuel James Eldersveld, 2007-01-01 Poor America describes the sharp contrast in the extent of poverty between the United States and six Western European countries. Samuel J. Eldersveld seeks to discover why America struggles more with this social issue by exploring the history of the countries and various theories. |
| poor laws in america: Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature Anna Lorraine Guthrie, 1904 An author subject index to selected general interest periodicals of reference value in libraries. |
| poor laws in america: Justice of the Peace and County, Borough, Poor Law Union and Parish Law Recorder , 1840 |
| poor laws in america: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty David Brady, Linda Burton, 2016 The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level. |
| poor laws in america: Poverty in America Christina G. Villegas, 2025-01-23 This wide-ranging and accessible survey of poverty in America examines every important facet of the issue, from historical and socioeconomic contributors to poverty to programs, policies, and ideas crafted to reduce income inequality and poverty across the USA. Specific attention is given to shifting ideological views and approaches to poverty and poor relief, major historical actions, statutes, and practices adopted to mitigate poverty's various causes and effects, and trends related to mobility and wealth and income disparity. Important areas of coverage include the impact of depressions, recessions, economic booms, and social welfare laws on poverty. Other subjects receiving extensive coverage include the linkage between educational attainment, employment, social capital, family structure, housing security, homeownership, and geography on poverty. Readers will better understand efforts that have been made to alleviate poverty, restore a thriving middle class, and improve prospects for social and economic mobility. An array of complementary materials on poverty and economic inequality in America are also provided, including a suite of personal essays, a general bibliography, primary documents, glossary of terms, and chronology. |
| poor laws in america: Oregon. English poor laws. Combinations and strikes. Lewis on dependencies. Lewis on authority in matters of opinion. Oxford and Mr. Ward Nassau William Senior, 1865 |
| poor laws in america: The Poor Law Magazine and Journal of Public Health for Scotland , 1868 |
Poverty in the United States: 2023 - Census.gov
Sep 10, 2024 · This report presents data on poverty in the United States based on information collected in the 2024 and earlier CPS ASEC.
Poverty Data Tables - Census.gov
Nov 6, 2024 · The tables below provide poverty statistics displayed in tables with columns and rows. Many tables are in downloadable in XLS, CVS and PDF file formats. If you are using a …
How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty
Apr 9, 2025 · Learn how poverty thresholds are assigned and what sources of income are used to determine poverty status.
Poverty Rates for Blacks and Hispanics Reached Historic Lows in …
In 2019, the poverty rate for the United States was 10.5%, the lowest since estimates were first released for 1959. Poverty rates declined between 2018 and 2019 for all major race and …
Income Inequality - Census.gov
4 days ago · Income inequality is the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among a population.
National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2025
Jan 15, 2025 · The Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement reports the official poverty rate in 2023 was 11.1%, not statistically different from 2022.
Historical Poverty Tables: People and Families - 1959 to 2023
Sep 10, 2024 · Table 3. Poverty Status of People and Distribution of the Poor by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin [<1.0 MB] Table 4. Poverty Status of Families by Type of Family, Presence of …
Income and Poverty - Census.gov
Apr 8, 2025 · Income is the gauge many use to determine the well-being of the U.S. population. Survey and census questions cover poverty, income, and wealth.
Poverty Glossary - Census.gov
May 23, 2023 · Working Poor The Census Bureau does not use the term "working poor." The term "working poor" may mean different things to different data users, based on the question they …
Income and Poverty in the United States: 2019 - Census.gov
Sep 15, 2020 · This report presents data on income, earnings, income inequality & poverty in the United States based on information collected in the 2018 and earlier CPS ASEC.
Poverty in the United States: 2023 - Census.gov
Sep 10, 2024 · This report presents data on poverty in the United States based on information collected in the 2024 …
Poverty Data Tables - Census.gov
Nov 6, 2024 · The tables below provide poverty statistics displayed in tables with columns and rows. Many tables are in downloadable in XLS, CVS and PDF file formats. If you are using a …
How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty
Apr 9, 2025 · Learn how poverty thresholds are assigned and what sources of income are used to …
Poverty Rates for Blacks and Hispanics Reached Historic Lo…
In 2019, the poverty rate for the United States was 10.5%, the lowest since estimates were first released for 1959. Poverty rates declined between 2018 and 2019 for all major race and …
Income Inequality - Census.gov
4 days ago · Income inequality is the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among a population.
