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| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics Amnon Yariv, 1989-01-17 The text has been revised to incorporate new developments in lasers and quantum electronics. Other subjects covered include phase-conjugate optics, long wavelength quaternary semiconductor lasers, the physics of semiconductor lasers, laser arrays and free-electron lasers. |
| quantum electronics: Fundamentals of Quantum Electronics Richard H. Pantell, Harold E. Puthoff, 1969 |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics Amnon Yariv, 1967 |
| quantum electronics: Electronics Michael Olorunfunmi Kolawole, 2020 This book gives clear explanations of the technical aspects of electronics engineering from basic classical device formulations to the use of nanotechnology to develop efficient quantum electronic systems. As well as being up to date, this book provides a broader range of topics than found in many other electronics books. This book is written in a clear, accessible style and covers topics in a comprehensive manner. This book's approach is strongly application-based with key mathematical techniques introduced, helpful examples used to illustrate the design procedures, and case studies provided where appropriate. By including the fundamentals as well as more advanced techniques, the author has produced an up-to-date reference that meets the requirements of electronics and communications students and professional engineers. Features Discusses formulation and classification of integrated circuits Develops a hierarchical structure of functional logic blocks to build more complex digital logic circuits Outlines the structure of transistors (bipolar, JFET, MOSFET or MOS, CMOS), their processing techniques, their arrangement forming logic gates and digital circuits, optimal pass transistor stages of buffered chain, sources and types of noise, and performance of designed circuits under noisy conditions Explains data conversion processes, choice of the converter types, and inherent errors Describes electronic properties of nanomaterials, the crystallites' size reduction effect, and the principles of nanoscale structure fabrication Outlines the principles of quantum electronics leading to the development of lasers, masers, reversible quantum gates, and circuits and applications of quantum cells and fabrication methods, including self-assembly (quantum-dot cellular automata) and tunneling (superconducting circuits), and describes quantum error-correction techniques Problems are provided at the end of each chapter to challenge the reader's understanding |
| quantum electronics: Modern Quantum Chemistry Attila Szabo, Neil S. Ostlund, 2012-06-08 This graduate-level text explains the modern in-depth approaches to the calculation of electronic structure and the properties of molecules. Largely self-contained, it features more than 150 exercises. 1989 edition. |
| quantum electronics: Introduction to Quantum Electronics H. G. Unger, 2017-05-04 Introduction to Quantum Electronics is based on a one-semester lecture of electrical engineering for German students. The book is an introduction to the fundamentals of lasers and masers and a presentation of the principles of physics, their theory, and methods of analysis that seek to analyze, explain, and quantify related important phenomena. The properties of a laser is then discussed, the author comparing it to the properties of the maser. Although masers are based on the same physical properties as that of the lasers, masers amplify microwaves by induced emission. How the laser is amplified, its power and frequency of oscillation, and which media are suitable for lasers are analyzed. Descriptions of the laser take more emphasis as it is considered to have more technical applications than the maser. An example given is the operation of the gas laser, because it exhibits coherence in time and space, considered as the most important quality of laser beams. Physicists, students, and academicians in the field of electrical engineering and quantum electronics will find that this book addresses many of their interests. |
| quantum electronics: Radiation and Noise in Quantum Electronics William Henry Louisell, 1964 |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics , 1994 Quantum Electronics is the English edition of the Russian journal Kvantova Elektronika, a leading journal in all aspects of laser research founded in 1971. Published research papers are on topics which include Laser; Active Media; Interaction of Laser Radiation with Matter; Laser Plasma; Non- linear Optical Phenomena; Quantum-Electronic Devices; Optical Processing of Information; Laser Applications and Other Topics in Quantum Electronics. |
| quantum electronics: Physics of Quantum Electron Devices Federico Capasso, 2011-12-06 The ability to engineer the bandstructure and the wavefunction over length scales previously inaccessible to technology using artificially structured materials and nanolithography has led to a new class of electron semiconductor devices whose operation is controlled by quantum effects. These structures not only represent exciting tools for investigating new quantum phenomena in semiconductors, but also offer exciting opportunities for applications. This book gives the first comprehensive treatment of the physics of quantum electron devices. This interdisciplinary field, at the junction between material science, physics and technology, has witnessed an explosive growth in recent years. This volume presents a detailed coverage of the physics of the underlying phenomena, and their device and circuit applications, together with fabrication and growth technology. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Theory of the Electron Liquid Gabriele Giuliani, Giovanni Vignale, 2008-06-19 Modern electronic devices and novel materials often derive their extraordinary properties from the intriguing, complex behavior of large numbers of electrons forming what is known as an electron liquid. This book provides an in-depth introduction to the physics of the interacting electron liquid in a broad variety of systems, including metals, semiconductors, artificial nano-structures, atoms and molecules. One, two and three dimensional systems are treated separately and in parallel. Different phases of the electron liquid, from the Landau Fermi liquid to the Wigner crystal, from the Luttinger liquid to the quantum Hall liquid are extensively discussed. Both static and time-dependent density functional theory are presented in detail. Although the emphasis is on the development of the basic physical ideas and on a critical discussion of the most useful approximations, the formal derivation of the results is highly detailed and based on the simplest, most direct methods. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors Hartmut Haug, Stephan W Koch, 1993-04-16 This substantially revised second edition of the Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors presents the basic elements needed to understand and engage in research in semiconductor physics. In this edition misprints have been corrected and new and more detailed material has been added. In order to treat the valence-band structure of semiconductors, an introduction to the k.p theory and the related description in terms of the Luttinger Hamiltonian was included. An introductory chapter on mesoscopic semiconductor structures was added which discusses the envelope function approximation and the modification caused by the spatial quantum confinement. In many chapters the results are developed in parallel first for bulk material, and then for quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells, and for quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires. Semiconductor quantum dots are treated in a separate chapter. The discussion of time-dependent and coherent phenomena in semiconductors has been considerably extended by including a section dealing with the theoretical description of photon echoes in semiconductors. After the discussion of semiconductor laser physics, optical bistability, and electroabsorption in semiconductors, a new chapter on magneto-absorption has been added, in which magneto-excitons and magneto-plasmas in two-dimensional systems are discussed. The chapter on electron kinetics due to the interaction with longitudinal-optical phonons has been extended and a discussion on carrier-carrier collisions has been added to the chapter dealing with the semiconductor bloch equations. The material is presented in sufficient detail for graduate students and researchers who have a general background in quantum mechanics. Request Inspection Copy Contents: Oscillator ModelAtom in a Classical Light FieldPeriodic Lattice of AtomsFree Carrier TransitionsMesoscopic Semiconductor StructuresIdeal Quantum GasesInteracting Electron GasPlasmons and Plasma ScreeningRetarded Green's Function for ElectronsExcitonsPolaritonsSemiconductor Bloch EquationsOptical Quasi-Equilibrium NonlinearitiesOptical BistabilityThe Semiconductor LaserCoherent Effects in SemiconductorsFree-Carrier ElectroabsorptionExciton ElectroabsorptionMagneto — OpticsSemiconductor Quantum DotsKinetics with Phonon ScatteringAppendix A: Field QuantizationAppendix B: Nonequilibrium Green's Functions Readership: Solid state physicists, engineers, materials and optical scientists. |
| quantum electronics: Theory of Semiconductor Lasers Minoru Yamada, 2014-04-10 This book provides a unified and complete theory for semiconductor lasers, covering topics ranging from the principles of classical and quantum mechanics to highly advanced levels for readers who need to analyze the complicated operating characteristics generated in the real application of semiconductor lasers. The author conducts a theoretical analysis especially on the instabilities involved in the operation of semiconductor lasers. A density matrix into the theory for semiconductor lasers is introduced and the formulation of an improved rate equation to help understand the mode competition phenomena which cause the optical external feedback noise is thoroughly described from the basic quantum mechanics. The derivation of the improved rate equation will allow readers to extend the analysis for the different types of semiconductor materials and laser structures they deal with. This book is intended not only for students and academic researchers but also for engineers who develop lasers for the market, as the advanced topics covered are dedicated to real problems in implementing semiconductor lasers for practical use. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum-based Electronic Devices And Systems, Selected Topics In Electronics And Systems, Vol 14 Mitra Dutta, 1998-10-23 This volume includes highlights of the theories and experimental findings that underlie essential phenomena occurring in quantum-based devices and systems as well as the principles of operation of selected novel quantum-based electronic devices and systems. A number of the emerging approaches to creating new types of quantum-based electronic devices and systems are also discussed. |
| quantum electronics: Introduction to Quantum Electronics and Nonlinear Optics Vitaliy V. Shtykov, Sergey M. Smolskiy, 2020-03-21 This textbook, based on the authors’ class-tested material, is accessible to students at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level in physics and engineering. While its primary function is didactic, this book’s comprehensive choice of topics and its clear and authoritative synthesis of ideas make it a useful reference for researchers, device engineers, and course instructors who wish to consolidate their knowledge of this field. The book takes the semi-classical approach where light is treated as a wave in accordance with the classical Maxwell equations, while matter is governed by quantum theory. It begins by introducing the postulates and mathematical framework of quantum theory, followed by the formalism of the density matrix which allows the transition from microscopic (quantum) quantities to macroscopic (classical) ones. Consequently, the equations describing the reaction of matter to the electromagnetic field in the form of polarization, magnetization, and current are derived. These equations (together with the Maxwell equations) form the complete system of equations sufficient to model a wide class of problems surrounding linear and nonlinear interactions of electromagnetic fields with matter. The nonlinear character of the governing equations determines parameters of the steady-state mode of the quantum generator and is also demonstrated in harmonic generation via propagation of laser radiation in various media. The touchstone description of magnetic phenomena will be of interest to scientists who deal with applications of magneto-resonance phenomena in biology and medicine. Other advanced topics covered include electric dipole transitions, magnetic dipole transitions, plasma transitions, and the devices that can be based on these and other electro-optical and nonlinear-optical systems. This textbook features numerous exercises, some of which are investigatory and some of which require computational solutions. |
| quantum electronics: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry Linus Pauling, E. Bright Wilson, 2012-06-08 Classic undergraduate text explores wave functions for the hydrogen atom, perturbation theory, the Pauli exclusion principle, and the structure of simple and complex molecules. Numerous tables and figures. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics , 1959 |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Transport in Nanostructures and Molecules Colin John Lambert, 2021 This reference text presents a conceptual framework for understanding room-temperature electron and phonon transport through molecules and other quantum objects. The flow of electricity through molecules is explained at the boundary of physics and chemistry, providing an authoritative introduction to molecular electronics for physicists, and quantum transport for chemists. Professor Lambert provides a pedagogical account of the fundamental concepts needed to understand quantum transport and thermoelectricity in molecular-scale and nanoscale structures. The material provides researchers and advanced students with an understanding of how quantum transport relates to other areas of materials modelling, condensed matter and computational chemistry. After reading the book, the reader will be familiar with the basic concepts of molecular-orbital theory and scattering theory, which underpin current theories of quantum transport. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Field Theory in Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems Naoto Nagaosa, 1999-09-20 In this book the author extends the concepts introduced in his Quantum Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics to situations in which the strong electronic correlations are crucial for the understanding of the observed phenomena. Starting from a model field theory to illustrate the basic ideas, more complex systems are analyzed in turn. A special chapter is devoted to the description of antiferromagnets, doped Mott insulators, and quantum Hall liquids from the point of view of gauge theory. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Measurement and Control Howard M. Wiseman, Gerard J. Milburn, 2010 Modern quantum measurement for graduate students and researchers in quantum information, quantum metrology, quantum control and related fields. |
| quantum electronics: Introduction to Quantum Metrology Waldemar Nawrocki, 2015-03-24 This book presents the theory of quantum effects used in metrology and results of the author’s own research in the field of quantum electronics. The book provides also quantum measurement standards used in many branches of metrology for electrical quantities, mass, length, time and frequency. This book represents the first comprehensive survey of quantum metrology problems. As a scientific survey, it propagates a new approach to metrology with more emphasis on its connection with physics. This is of importance for the constantly developing technologies and nanotechnologies in particular. Providing a presentation of practical applications of the effects used in quantum metrology for the construction of quantum standards and sensitive electronic components, the book is useful for a wide audience of physicists and metrologists in the broad sense of both terms. In 2014 a new system of units, the so called Quantum SI, is introduced. This book helps to understand and approve the new system to both technology and academic community. |
| quantum electronics: Semiconductor Spintronics and Quantum Computation D.D. Awschalom, D. Loss, N. Samarth, 2013-04-17 The past few decades of research and development in solid-state semicon ductor physics and electronics have witnessed a rapid growth in the drive to exploit quantum mechanics in the design and function of semiconductor devices. This has been fueled for instance by the remarkable advances in our ability to fabricate nanostructures such as quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. Despite this contemporary focus on semiconductor quantum devices, a principal quantum mechanical aspect of the electron - its spin has it accounts for an added quan largely been ignored (except in as much as tum mechanical degeneracy). In recent years, however, a new paradigm of electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron has begun to emerge. This field of semiconductor spintronics (spin transport electron ics or spin-based electronics) places electron spin rather than charge at the very center of interest. The underlying basis for this new electronics is the intimate connection between the charge and spin degrees of freedom of the electron via the Pauli principle. A crucial implication of this relationship is that spin effects can often be accessed through the orbital properties of the electron in the solid state. Examples for this are optical measurements of the spin state based on the Faraday effect and spin-dependent transport measure ments such as giant magneto-resistance (GMR). In this manner, information can be encoded in not only the electron's charge but also in its spin state, i. e. |
| quantum electronics: Molecular Nonlinear Optics J. Zyss, 1994 This volume brings together contributions from world renowned researchers on molecular nonlinear optics. It takes as its impetus work done over the last five years in which newly developed optoelectronic devices havedeepened our understanding of the fundamental physics and chemistry underlying these materials. Organic materials involving thin films, polymers, and resulting devices will be emphasized. |
| quantum electronics: Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements Hermann A. Haus, 2000-09-04 From the reviews: Haus’ book provides numerous insights on topics of wide importance, and contains much material not available elsewhere in book form. [...] an indispensable resource for those working in quantum optics or electronics. Optics & Photonics News |
| quantum electronics: Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry Michael P. Mueller, 2007-05-08 As quantum theory enters its second century, it is fitting to examine just how far it has come as a tool for the chemist. Beginning with Max Planck’s agonizing conclusion in 1900 that linked energy emission in discreet bundles to the resultant black-body radiation curve, a body of knowledge has developed with profound consequences in our ability to understand nature. In the early years, quantum theory was the providence of physicists and certain breeds of physical chemists. While physicists honed and refined the theory and studied atoms and their component systems, physical chemists began the foray into the study of larger, molecular systems. Quantum theory predictions of these systems were first verified through experimental spectroscopic studies in the electromagnetic spectrum (microwave, infrared and ultraviolet/visible), and, later, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Over two generations these studies were hampered by two major drawbacks: lack of resolution of spectroscopic data, and the complexity of calculations. This powerful theory that promised understanding of the fundamental nature of molecules faced formidable challenges. The following example may put things in perspective for today’s chemistry faculty, college seniors or graduate students: As little as 40 years ago, force field calculations on a molecule as simple as ketene was a four to five year dissertation project. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics Benjamin Fain, 1969 |
| quantum electronics: Plasma Physics B. Samuel Tanenbaum, 1967 This text on plasma physics is written for students at the senior or first-year graduate level ... It is intended to serve both as an introduction to the theory of plasmas for students planning to do further work in the subject and as a survey for students with out research interests who want to have some knowledge of plasmas--Preface. |
| quantum electronics: Electronic Conduction John P. Xanthakis, 2020-12-14 Electronic Conduction: Classical and Quantum Theory to Nanoelectronic Devices provides a concise, complete introduction to the fundamental principles of electronic conduction in microelectronic and nanoelectronic devices, with an emphasis on integrating the quantum aspects of conduction. The chapter coverage begins by presenting the classical theory of conduction, including introductory chapters on quantum mechanics and the solid state, then moving to a complete presentation of essential theory for understanding modern electronic devices. The author’s unique approach is applicable to microscale and nanoscale device simulation, which is particularly timely given the explosion in the nanoelectronics field. Features Self-contained Gives a complete account of classical and quantum aspects of conduction in nanometer scale devices Emphasises core principles, the book can be useful to electrical engineers and material scientists, and no prior course in semiconductors is necessary Highlights the bridge to modern electronics, first presenting the physics, and then the engineering complications related to quantum behaviour Includes many clear, illustrative diagrams and chapter problem sets Gives an account of post-Silicon devices such as the GaAs MOSFET, the CNT-FET and the vacuum transistor Showcases why quantum mechanics is necessary with modern devices due to their size and corresponding electron transport properties Discusses all the issues that will enable readers to conduct their own research |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Mechanics for Electrical Engineers Dennis M. Sullivan, 2011-11-30 The main topic of this book is quantum mechanics, as the title indicates. It specifically targets those topics within quantum mechanics that are needed to understand modern semiconductor theory. It begins with the motivation for quantum mechanics and why classical physics fails when dealing with very small particles and small dimensions. Two key features make this book different from others on quantum mechanics, even those usually intended for engineers: First, after a brief introduction, much of the development is through Fourier theory, a topic that is at the heart of most electrical engineering theory. In this manner, the explanation of the quantum mechanics is rooted in the mathematics familiar to every electrical engineer. Secondly, beginning with the first chapter, simple computer programs in MATLAB are used to illustrate the principles. The programs can easily be copied and used by the reader to do the exercises at the end of the chapters or to just become more familiar with the material. Many of the figures in this book have a title across the top. This title is the name of the MATLAB program that was used to generate that figure. These programs are available to the reader. Appendix D lists all the programs, and they are also downloadable at http://booksupport.wiley.com |
| quantum electronics: Physical Foundations of Quantum Electronics David Nikolaevich Klyshko, Maria Chekhova, Sergey Kulik, 2011 A textbook that introduces a graduate student to the various fields of physics related to the interaction between radiation and matter. It emphasizes analogies and relations between seemingly different phenomena and different fields of quantum electronics. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics for Atomic Physics Warren Nagourney, 2010-04-15 Quantum Electronics for Atomic Physics discusses theoretical and practical aspects for generating and manipulating laser radiation. It is aimed at graduate students and researchers in atomic physics laboratories and includes topics not usually found in quantum electronics textbooks that are often aimed at telecommunication workers. |
| quantum electronics: Physics of Quantum Electron Devices Federico Capasso, 2013-03-07 The ability to engineer the bandstructure and the wavefunction over length scales previously inaccessible to technology using artificially structured materials and nanolithography has led to a new class of electron semiconductor devices whose operation is controlled by quantum effects. These structures not only represent exciting tools for investigating new quantum phenomena in semiconductors, but also offer exciting opportunities for applications. This book gives the first comprehensive treatment of the physics of quantum electron devices. This interdisciplinary field, at the junction between material science, physics and technology, has witnessed an explosive growth in recent years. This volume presents a detailed coverage of the physics of the underlying phenomena, and their device and circuit applications, together with fabrication and growth technology. |
| quantum electronics: Physics of Quantum Well Devices B.R. Nag, 2006-04-11 Quantum well devices have been the objects of intensive research during the last two decades. Some of the devices have matured into commercially useful products and form part of modern electronic circuits. Some others require further dev- opment, but have the promise of being useful commercially in the near future. Study of the devices is, therefore, gradually becoming compulsory for electronics specialists. The functioning of the devices, however, involve aspects of physics which are not dealt with in the available text books on the physics of semicond- tor devices. There is, therefore, a need for a book to cover all these aspects at an introductory level. The present book has been written with the aim of meeting this need. In fact, the book grew out of introductory lectures given by the author to graduate students and researchers interested in this rapidly developing area of electron devices. The book covers the subjects of heterostructure growth techniques, band-offset theory and experiments, electron states, electron-photon interaction and related phenomena, electron transport and the operation of electronic, opto-electronic and photonic quantum well devices. The theory as well as the practical aspects of the devices are discussed at length. The aim of the book is to provide a comprehensive treatment of the physics underlying the various devices. A reader after going through the book should find himself equipped to deal with all kinds of quantum well devices. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Engineering A. M. Zagoskin, 2011-07-14 Quantum engineering – the design and fabrication of quantum coherent structures – has emerged as a field in physics with important potential applications. This book provides a self-contained presentation of the theoretical methods and experimental results in quantum engineering. The book covers topics such as the quantum theory of electric circuits, theoretical methods of quantum optics in application to solid state circuits, the quantum theory of noise, decoherence and measurements, Landauer formalism for quantum transport, the physics of weak superconductivity and the physics of two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterostructures. The theory is complemented by up-to-date experimental data to help put it into context. Aimed at graduate students in physics, the book will enable readers to start their own research and apply the theoretical methods and results to their current experimental situation. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics , 1959 |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Michael A. Nielsen, Isaac L. Chuang, 2010-12-09 One of the most cited books in physics of all time, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information remains the best textbook in this exciting field of science. This 10th anniversary edition includes an introduction from the authors setting the work in context. This comprehensive textbook describes such remarkable effects as fast quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum error-correction. Quantum mechanics and computer science are introduced before moving on to describe what a quantum computer is, how it can be used to solve problems faster than 'classical' computers and its real-world implementation. It concludes with an in-depth treatment of quantum information. Containing a wealth of figures and exercises, this well-known textbook is ideal for courses on the subject, and will interest beginning graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and electrical engineering. |
| quantum electronics: Lasers Charles Blain, 2002 Developments in lasers continue to enable progress in many areas such as eye surgery, the recording industry and dozens of others. This book presents citations from the book literature for the last 25 years and groups them for ease of access which is also provided by subject, author and titles indexes. |
| quantum electronics: Hot Carriers in Semiconductor Nanostructures Jagdeep Shah, 2012-12-02 Nonequilibrium hot charge carriers play a crucial role in the physics and technology of semiconductor nanostructure devices. This book, one of the first on the topic, discusses fundamental aspects of hot carriers in quasi-two-dimensional systems and the impact of these carriers on semiconductor devices. The work will provide scientists and device engineers with an authoritative review of the most exciting recent developments in this rapidly moving field. It should be read by all those who wish to learn the fundamentals of contemporary ultra-small, ultra-fast semiconductor devices. - Topics covered include - Reduced dimensionality and quantum wells - Carrier-phonon interactions and hot phonons - Femtosecond optical studies of hot carrier - Ballistic transport - Submicron and resonant tunneling devices |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Electronics Herbert Rabin, |
| quantum electronics: Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems Karl Goser, 2013-04-17 An accessible introduction for electronic engineers, computer scientists and physicists. The overview covers all aspects from underlying technologies to circuits and systems. The challenge of nanoelectronics is not only to manufacture minute structures but also to develop innovative systems for effective integration of the billions of devices. On the system level, various architectures are presented and important features of systems, such as design strategies, processing power, and reliability are discussed. Many specific technologies are presented, including molecular devices, quantum electronic devices, resonant tunnelling devices, single electron devices, superconducting devices, and even devices for DNA and quantum computing. The book also compares these devices with current silicon technologies and discusses limits of electronics and the future of nanosystems. |
| quantum electronics: Quantum Coherence Correlation and Decoherence in Semiconductor Nanostructures Toshihide Takagahara, 2003-02-10 Semiconductor nanostructures are attracting a great deal of interest as the most promising device with which to implement quantum information processing and quantum computing. This book surveys the present status of nanofabrication techniques, near field spectroscopy and microscopy to assist the fabricated nanostructures. It will be essential reading for academic and industrial researchers in pure and applied physics, optics, semiconductors and microelectronics. - The first up-to-date review articles on various aspects on quantum coherence, correlation and decoherence in semiconductor nanostructures |
Quantum - Wikipedia
In physics, a quantum (pl.: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a property can be "quantized" …
Quantum | Definition & Facts | Britannica
May 31, 2025 · Quantum, in physics, discrete natural unit, or packet, of energy, charge, angular momentum, or other physical property. Light, for example, appearing in some respects as a …
What Is Quantum Physics? - Caltech Science Exchange
Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. While many …
Demystifying Quantum: It’s Here, There and Everywhere
Apr 10, 2024 · Quantum, often called quantum mechanics, deals with the granular and fuzzy nature of the universe and the physical behavior of its smallest particles. The idea of physical …
Quantum mechanics: Definitions, axioms, and key concepts of quantum ...
Apr 29, 2024 · Quantum mechanics, or quantum physics, is the body of scientific laws that describe the wacky behavior of photons, electrons and the other subatomic particles that make …
What is quantum in physics and computing? - TechTarget
Feb 27, 2025 · A quantum, the singular form of quanta, is the smallest discrete unit of any physical entity. For example, a quantum of light is a photon, and a quantum of electricity is an …
Science 101: Quantum Mechanics - Argonne National Laboratory
So, what is quantum? In a more general sense, the word “ quantum” can refer to the smallest possible amount of something. The field of quantum mechanics deals with the most …
DOE Explains...Quantum Mechanics | Department of Energy
Quantum mechanics is the field of physics that explains how extremely small objects simultaneously have the characteristics of both particles (tiny pieces of matter) and waves (a …
Quantum for dummies: the basics explained | Engineering and …
Apr 16, 2019 · Professor Alan Woodward from the University of Surrey attempts to demystify the quantum world by explaining key terminology and theory. Which atoms and particles does …
Quantum - definition of quantum by The Free Dictionary
A unit of energy, especially electromagnetic energy, that is the smallest physical quantity that can exist on its own. A quantum acts both like a particle and like an energy wave. Photons are …
Quantum - Wikipedia
In physics, a quantum (pl.: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a property can be "quantized" is …
Quantum | Definition & Facts | Britannica
May 31, 2025 · Quantum, in physics, discrete natural unit, or packet, of energy, charge, angular momentum, or other physical property. Light, for example, appearing in some …
What Is Quantum Physics? - Caltech Science Exchange
Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of the very building blocks of nature. While many …
Demystifying Quantum: It’s Here, There and Everywhere
Apr 10, 2024 · Quantum, often called quantum mechanics, deals with the granular and fuzzy nature of the universe and the physical behavior of its smallest particles. The idea of …
Quantum mechanics: Definitions, axioms, and key c…
Apr 29, 2024 · Quantum mechanics, or quantum physics, is the body of scientific laws that describe the wacky behavior of photons, electrons and the other subatomic particles that make …
