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| power and inequality in language education: Power and Inequality in Language Education James W. Tollefson, 1995-02-24 In Power and Inequality in Language Education, James W. Tollefson assembles the work of twelve scholars who explore the relationship between language policy, wealth, and power. Their original research demonstrates how language planning and education reflect existing inequities in the distribution of economic, political, and social power, and how language policy is used to obtain and maintain power. Articles examine such timely topics as the growth of official language movements, the role of language teachers in reinforcing social inequality, and misconceptions regarding how first vs. second language competence is related to financial success. Together the articles illustrate the broad impact of sociopolitical forces upon language education, and underscore the need for language teachers and applied linguists to consider these forces in their work. |
| power and inequality in language education: The Dynamics of Language and Inequality in Education Joel Austin Windle, Dánie de Jesus, Prof. Lesley Bartlett, 2020-02-13 This book contributes new perspectives from the Global South on the ways in which linguistic and discursive boundaries shape inequalities in educational contexts, ranging from Amazonian missions to Mongolian universities. Through critical ethnographic and sociolinguistic analysis, the chapters explore how such boundaries contribute to the geopolitics of colonialism, capitalism and myriad, interwoven, forms of social life that structure both oppression and resistance. Boundaries are examined across time and space as relational constructs that mark the terms upon which admission to groups, institutions, territories, or practices are granted. The studies further present alternative educational approaches that demonstrate the potential for agency and transgression, highlighting moments of boundary crossing that disrupt existing linguistic ideologies, language policies and curriculum structures. |
| power and inequality in language education: Planning Language, Planning Inequality James W. Tollefson, 1991 An examination of how an individual's native language can affect their lifestyle. Topics covered range from maintenance of the mother-tongue and second language learning, to the ideology of language planning theory, to education and language rights. |
| power and inequality in language education: Bilingual Education Ofelia García, Colin Baker, 2007 The book contains a comprehensive selection of outstanding and influential articles on bilingual education in the USA and the rest of the world. It is designed for instructors and students, with questions and activities based on each of the 19 readings for students to engage in active learning. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language and Power in Post-Colonial Schooling Carolyn McKinney, 2016-07-15 Critiquing the positioning of children from non-dominant groups as linguistically deficient, this book aims to bridge the gap between theorizing of language in critical sociolinguistics and approaches to language in education. Carolyn McKinney uses the lens of linguistic ideologies—teachers’ and students’ beliefs about language—to shed light on the continuing problem of reproduction of linguistic inequality. Framed within global debates in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics, she examines the case of historically white schools in South Africa, a post-colonial context where political power has shifted but where the power of whiteness continues, to provide new insights into the complex relationships between language and power, and language and subjectivity. Implications for language curricula and policy in contexts of linguistic diversity are foregrounded. Providing an accessible overview of the scholarly literature on language ideologies and language as social practice and resource in multilingual contexts, Language and Power in Post-Colonial Schooling uses the conceptual tools it presents to analyze classroom interaction and ethnographic observations from the day-to-day life in case study schools and explores implications of both the research literature and the analyses of students’ and teachers’ discourses and practices for language in education policy and curriculum. |
| power and inequality in language education: International Handbook of English Language Teaching Jim Cummins, Chris Davison, 2007-12-31 This two-volume handbook provides a comprehensive examination of policy, practice, research, and theory related to English language teaching (ELT) in international contexts. Nearly 70 chapters highlight the research foundation for the best practices, frameworks for policy decisions, and areas of consensus and controversy in the teaching and development of English as a second and/or additional language for kindergarten through to adult speakers of languages other than English. In doing so it problematizes traditional dichotomies and challenges the very terms that provide the traditional foundations of the field. A wide range of terms has been used to refer to the key players involved in the teaching and learning of the English language and to the enterprise of English language teaching as a whole. At various times and in different contexts, the following labels have been used in countries where English is the dominant language to describe programs, learners, or teachers of Enghsh: English as a second language (ESL), English as an additional language (EAL), limited English proficient (LEP), and English language learners (ELL). In contexts where EngUsh is not the dominant language, the following terms have been used: English as a foreign language (EFL), English as an international language (EIL), and English as a lingua franca (ELF). |
| power and inequality in language education: Language Policies in Education James W. Tollefson, 2013 This new edition of takes a fresh look at enduring questions at the heart of fundamental debates about the role of schools in society, the links between education and employment, and conflicts between linguistic minorities and mainstream populations. |
| power and inequality in language education: Linguistic Discrimination in US Higher Education Gaillynn Clements, Marnie Jo Petray, 2021-03-30 This volume examines different forms of language and dialect discrimination on U.S. college campuses, where relevant protections in K-12 schools and the workplace are absent. Real-world case studies at intersections with class, race, gender, and ability explore pedagogical and social manifestations and long-term impacts of this prejudice between and among students, faculty, and administrators. With chapters by experts including Walt Wolfram and Christina Higgins, this book will be useful for students in courses in language & power and language variety, among others; researchers in sociolinguistics, education, identity studies, and justice & equity studies; and diversity officers looking to understand and combat this bias. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language, Power and Identity Politics Máiréad Nic Craith, 2007-10-23 Dominance, identity and resistance are key themes in this examination of language in global, virtual and local settings. It focuses on world languages, linguistic rights and minority protection. Case studies explore the social strategies employed by migrants speaking non-indigenous tongues and the effect of religion in sensitive political contexts. |
| power and inequality in language education: Socio-educational Factors and the Soft Power of Language Anna Odrowaz-Coates, 2019-10-23 This book examines the soft power of language, its cultural influence, and its empowering and disempowering potential for social positioning. Anna Odrowąż-Coates uses a critical lens to present original research findings from Poland and Portugal about English as a tool of social stratification and social reproduction. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language and Power. The Implications of Language for Peace and Development Birgit Brock-Utne, 2008-12-31 Language is a tool used to express thoughts, to hide thoughts or to hide lack of thoughts. It is often a means of domination. The question is who has the power to define the world around us. This book demonstrates how language is being manipulated to form the minds of listeners or readers. Innocent words may be used to conceal a reality which people would have reacted to had the phenomena been described in a straightforward manner. The nice and innocent concept cost sharing, which leads our thoughts to communal sharing and solidarity, may actually imply privatization. The false belief that the best way to learn a foreign language is to have it as a language of instruction actually becomes a strategy for stupidification of African pupils. In this book 33 independent experts from 16 countries in the North and the South show how language may be used to legitimize war-making, promote Northern interests in the field of development and retain colonial speech as languages of instruction, languages of the courts and in politics. The book has been edited by two Norwegians: Birgit Brock-Utne is a professor at the University of Oslo and a consultant in education and development. From 1987 until 1992 she was a professor at the University of Dar es Salaam. Gunnar Garbo, author and journalist and former member of the Norwegian Parliament, was the Norwegian Ambassador to Tanzania from 1987 to 1992. |
| power and inequality in language education: Sociopolitical Perspectives on Language Policy and Planning in the USA Thom Huebner, Kathryn A. Davis, 1999-11-15 This volume is the result of a colloquium on socio-political dimensions of language policy and language planning held at the 1997 American Association of Applied Linguistics (AAAL) Conference. The focus is on language planning and policy in the USA, but the issues raised will be applicable to other parts of the world as well. Three broad issues are addressed: general aspects, case studies dealing with certain languages or ethnic groups, and language planning in practice. The first, general, part, provides a historical analysis of language planning and language policy in the US, and proceeds to deal with maintenance and loss of indigenous languages, and the constraints imposed by current policies and how these constraints can be effectively dealt with. The second part contains a number of case studies. It discusses aspects of planning policies pertaining to pidgin languages, gestural languages used by the deaf (ASL) and constraints in foreign language education; this part also raises issues relating to ethnic groups, concentrating on the position of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans in the US. In the third part some practical issues are raised by looking into the role of language and culture in teaching reading, foreign language policy in higher education, Hawaiian language regenisis, and gender neutralization in American English. The book is a tribute to Charlene Junko Sato, a sociolinguist and a language activist. She died in 1996 and will be remembered for her work not only in linguistics, but also for her dedication in advancing Hawaiian Pidgin, influencing language policy through various publications and court-room appearances. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language and Social Justice Miguel Mantero, John L Watzke, Paul Chamness Miller, 2022-01-01 Language and Social Justice is the fourth volume of the Readings in Language Studies series published by the International Society for Language Studies, Inc. Edited by Miguel Mantero, John L. Watzke, and Paul Chamness Miller, volume four sustains the society's mission to organize and disseminate the work of its contributing members through peer-reviewed publications. The book presents international perspectives on language and social justice in three thematic sections: culture, teaching practices & pedagogy, and policy. A resource for scholars and students, Language and Social Justice represents the latest scholarship in new and emergent areas of inquiry. |
| power and inequality in language education: Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning Eli Hinkel, 2011-01-25 This landmark volume provides a broad-based, comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of current knowledge and research into second language teaching and learning. All authors are leading authorities in their areas of expertise. The chapters, all completely new for Volume 2, are organized in eight thematic sections: Social Contexts in Research on Second Language Teaching and Learning Second Language Research Methods Second Language Research and Applied Linguistics Research in Second Language Processes and Development Methods and Instruction in Second Language Teaching Second Language Assessment Ideology, Identity, Culture, and Critical Pedagogy in Second Language Teaching and Learning Language Planning and Policy. Changes in Volume 2: captures new and ongoing developments, research, and trends in the field surveys prominent areas of research that were not covered in Volume 1 includes new authors from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America to broaden the Handbook’s international scope. Volume 2 is an essential resource for researchers, faculty, teachers, and students in MA-TESL and applied linguistics programs, as well as curriculum and material developers. |
| power and inequality in language education: Power, Prestige, and Bilingualism Anne-Marie De Mejía, 2002-01-01 This book describes a particular type of educational provision referred to as 'elite' or 'prestigious' bilingual education, which caters mainly for upwardly mobile, highly educated, higher socio-economic status learners of two or more internationally useful languages. The development of different types of elite bilingual or multilingual educational provision is discussed and an argument is made for the need to study bilingual education in majority as well as in minority contexts. |
| power and inequality in language education: Unequal Englishes R. Tupas, 2015-05-26 This book proposes, examines and unpacks the notion of unequal Englishes as a way to understand English today. Unlike many studies on the pluralization of English, the volume assumes that inequalities and Englishes are inextricably linked and must be understood and theorized together. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language, Education, and Ideology Timothy Reagan, 2002-11-30 Language educators in general, and foreign language educators in particular, need to be aware of and sensitive to issues related to the interface and nexus of language, education, and ideology. This work places foreign language education in its social context, as well as applying critical pedagogy to the foreign language classroom, to help educators become more aware of the social, political, historical, and economic contexts in which they work and which effect the classroom setting. Research and scholarship in critical pedagogy is impressive, extensive, and powerful, and has had significant impact on nearly every aspect of contemporary educational scholarship. One area in which critical theory and critical pedagogy have been slow to have a noticeable effect, however, is that of language education, especially foreign language education. Further, while a number of important works address issues of critical literacy, there are no general works presenting critical perspectives on language and language issues targeting classroom teachers and other educators. This work offers a broad and comprehensive overview of language and linguistic issues that emerge in the classroom context from a critical philosophical perspective. The central focus is on the nexus of issues of language, education, and ideology, as the title suggests, and specific topics covered will include language and power, linguistic purism, the marginalization of second language education in the United States, the phenomenon of ideological monolingualism in the United States, the hierarchy of the less commonly taught languages (both in terms of its etiology and the ideological and hegemonic functions this hierarchy serves), nonmainstream language varieties in school settings, issues of linguistic legitimacy in the classroom context, the politics and ideological context of bilingual education in the United States, language policy both as a tool for oppression and as a means of empowerment, and finally, the need for critical language awareness on the part of all educators. |
| power and inequality in language education: The Power of Tests Elana (Professor Of Language Education Shohamy, 2020-11-25 Language in Social Life is a major series which highlights the importance of language to an understanding of issues of social and professional concern. It will be of practical relevance to all those wanting to understand how the ways we communicate both influence and are influenced by the structures and forces of contemporary social institutions. In all modern societies individuals are subject to tests, whether to enter educational programs, to pass from one level to the next or to grant certificates to practice. Yet, tests are powerful tools which are often introduced in undemocratic and unethical ways as disciplinary tools for carrying out various policy agendas. Tests can be detrimental to people's lives as they are capable of affecting and defining the knowledge and behaviour of those who are being tested. The Power of Tests applies a critical perspective of language tests by examining their uses and consequences in education and society and by viewing tests not as isolated events but rather as embedded in social, educational and political contexts. The book is divided into four parts: the first part establishes the power of tests through echoing the voices of test takers, describing the features of the power of tests, and the temptations that tests offer to bureaucrats who use them for power and control. The second part reports on studies that provide empirical evidence about intentions and effects of a number of large scale language tests. The third part interprets the results by examining their consequences on education and society, arriving at a model of tests' use. The final section of the book offers strategies for controlling and minimising the misuses of tests by introducing the notion of Critical Language Testing which calls for the examination of the consequences and misuses of tests, monitoring of power and pointing to their unethical uses. It also provides a comprehensive discussion of the responsibilities of language testers, including a new Code of Ethics, as well as strategies for guarding and protecting the rights of test takers. |
| power and inequality in language education: Ideology, Politics, and Language Policies Thomas Ricento, 2000-01-01 This title deals with the ideological implications of the spread of English. It examines why and how English became a pre-eminent language, and what this means for thousands of languages and speech communities large and small, throughout the world. |
| power and inequality in language education: The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teaching Graham Hall, 2016-05-12 The Routledge Handbook of English Language Teaching is the definitive reference volume for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of Applied Linguistics, ELT/TESOL, and Language Teacher Education, and for ELT professionals engaged in in-service teacher development and/or undertaking academic study. Progressing from ‘broader’ contextual issues to a ‘narrower’ focus on classrooms and classroom discourse, the volume’s inter-related themes focus on: ELT in the world: contexts and goals planning and organising ELT: curriculum, resources and settings methods and methodology: perspectives and practices second language learning and learners teaching language: knowledge, skills and pedagogy understanding the language classroom. The Handbook’s 39 chapters are written by leading figures in ELT from around the world. Mindful of the diverse pedagogical, institutional and social contexts for ELT, they convincingly present the key issues, areas of debate and dispute, and likely future developments in ELT from an applied linguistics perspective. Throughout the volume, readers are encouraged to develop their own thinking and practice in contextually appropriate ways, assisted by discussion questions and suggestions for further reading that accompany every chapter. Advisory board: Guy Cook, Diane Larsen-Freeman, Amy Tsui, and Steve Walsh |
| power and inequality in language education: Language, Literacy, and Power in Schooling Teresa L. McCarty, 2006-04-21 Language, Literacy, and Power in Schooling brings critical ethnographic perspectives to bear on language, literacy, and power in culturally and linguistically diverse contexts, showing how literacy and schooling are negotiated by children and adults and how schooling becomes a key site of struggle over whose knowledge, discourses, and literacy practices count. Part I examines tensions between the local and the general in literacy development and use; Part II considers face-to-face interactions surrounding literacy practices in ethnically diverse classrooms; and Part III widens the ethnographic lens to position literacy practices in the context of globalization and contemporary education policies. Each section includes a substantive introduction by the editor and a synthetic commentary by a leading literacy researcher. Above all, this is a book oriented toward social action. Unpacking the complexity of literacy practices and experiences in diverse settings, the authors seek not only to build new knowledge, but to inform and transform the pedagogies and policies that limit human potentials. The chapters in this volume have much to teach us about the roots of inequality and the possibilities for positive change. Together, they highlight the urgent need for critical literacy researchers to engage politically, confronting education policies that deny the rich multiplicity of human literacies, thereby carving ever-deeper cleavages between those with and without access to literacies of power. The dual focus on language and literacy with critical-ethnographic accounts of identity and schooling speaks to a growing constituency of scholars and practitioners concerned with the role of literacy and discourse in alternatively affirming or negating knowledge, power, and identity, both within and outside of schools. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language of Inequality Nessa Wolfson, Joan Manes, 2012-04-17 No detailed description available for Language of Inequality. |
| power and inequality in language education: Talking and Testing Richard Young, Agnes Weiyun He, 1998-01-01 A collection of papers that document various dimensions of the ways in which the language learner and the language proficiency interviewer use language to accomplish oral language assessment tasks. |
| power and inequality in language education: Key Topics in Second Language Acquisition Vivian Cook, David Singleton, 2014-04-03 This textbook offers an introductory overview of eight hotly-debated topics in second language acquisition research. It offers a glimpse of how SLA researchers have tried to answer common questions about second language acquisition rather than being a comprehensive introduction to SLA research. Each chapter comprises an introductory discussion of the issues involved and suggestions for further reading and study. The reader is asked to consider the issues based on their own experiences, thus allowing them to compare their own intuitions and experiences with established research findings and gain an understanding of methodology. The topics are treated independently so that they can be read in any order that interests the reader. |
| power and inequality in language education: Testcraft Fred Davidson, Brian K. Lynch, 2008-10-01 DIVThe creation of language tests is—and should be—a craft that is accessible and doable not only by a few language test experts, but also by many others who are involved in second/foreign language education, say the authors of this clear and timely book. Fred Davidson and Brian Lynch offer language educators a how-to guide for creating tests that reliably measure exactly what they are intended to measure. Classroom teachers, language administrators, and professors of language testing courses will find in this book an easy and flexible approach to language testing as well as the tools they need to develop tests appropriate to their individual needs. Davidson and Lynch explain criterion-related language test development, a process that focuses on the early stages of test development when the criterion to be tested is defined, specifications are established, and items and tasks are written. This process helps clarify the description of what is being measured by a test and enables teachers to give input on test design in any instructional setting. Informed by extensive research in criterion-referenced measurement, this book invites all language educators to participate in the craft of test development and shows them how to go about it./div |
| power and inequality in language education: Language Inequality and Distortion in Intercultural Communication Yukio Tsuda, 1986-01-01 This study sheds light on the problem of communicative inequality, neglected both by linguists and communication scholars, among speakers of different languages. It provides a four-step Critical Theory analysis of language-based inequality and distortion between speakers of a few dominant languages, especially English, and speakers of minority languages in the context of international and intercultural communication. Based on a theoretical framework of Distorted Communication developed by J. Habermas and C. Müller, the analysis focuses on a critical description, definition, and interpretation of Distorted Intercultural Communication, and exposes the ideology that legitimates linguistic inequality and distortion in communication. |
| power and inequality in language education: Negotiating Language Education Policies Ofelia García, Kate Menken, 2010 Educators are at the epicenter of language policy in education. This book explores how they interpret, negotiate, resist, and (re)create language policies in classrooms. Bridging the divide between policy and practice by analyzing their interconnectedness, it examines the negotiation of language education policies in schools around the world, focusing on educators' central role in this complex and dynamic process.Each chapter shares findings from research conducted in specific school districts, schools, or classrooms around the world and then details how educators negotiate policy in. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language Loyalty, Continuity and Change Rakhmiel Peltz, Harold F. Schiffman, 2006-01-01 This short volume provides a comprehensive and synoptic view of Joshua A. Fishman's contributions to international sociolinguistics. The two integrative essays provide readers with the essential understandings of Fishmanian sociolinguistics and his contributions to Yiddish scholarship. An up-to-date comprehensive bibliography prepared by Gella Schweid Fishman, as well as Fishman's own concluding sentiments, complement the integrative essays. |
| power and inequality in language education: Redefining Language Education Through Critical Language Pedagogy Palacios-Hidalgo, Francisco Javier, Huertas-Abril, Cristina A., 2025-02-20 Critical language pedagogy (CLP) redefines language education by integrating critical theory and social justice perspectives, aiming to foster critical thinking, social awareness, and empowerment. It emerged from the understanding that language and power are intertwined, emphasizing the need for teaching that goes beyond linguistic proficiency. By applying critical theory, CLP challenges power structures, social inequities, and cultural norms that shape language use, encouraging reflective practices and liberatory education. It promotes social justice by addressing linguistic inequalities and advocating for inclusivity in language education. Further research into CLP may empower learners to critically engage with language in the context of broader societal issues, questioning and transforming societal norms. Redefining Language Education Through Critical Language Pedagogy explores multiple areas of CLP, including theoretical foundations of critical language teaching, strategies and guidelines for integrating CLP into the language classroom, and practical examples of how to integrate socially and culturally relevant topics in the teaching process to promote CLP. It examines various linguistic inequalities, offering strategies for inclusive and accessible language education. This book covers topics such as higher education, social justice, and sustainable development, and is a useful resource for educators, academicians, linguists, sociologists, and researchers. |
| power and inequality in language education: Bakhtinian Perspectives on Language, Literacy, and Learning Arnetha F. Ball, Sarah Warshauer Freedman, 2004-08-23 This 2004 book represents a multidisciplinary collaboration that highlights the significance of Mikhail Bakhtin's theories to modern scholarship in the field of language and literacy. Book chapters examine such important questions as: What resources do students bring from their home/community environments that help them become literate in school? What knowledge do teachers need in order to meet the literacy needs of varied students? How can teacher educators and professional development programs better understand teachers' needs and help them to become better prepared to teach diverse literacy learners? What challenges lie ahead for literacy learners in the coming century? Chapters are contributed by scholars who write from varied disciplinary perspectives. In addition, other scholarly voices enter into a Bakhtinian dialogue with these scholars about their ideas. These 'other voices' help our readers push the boundaries of current thinking on Bakhtinian theory and make this book a model of heteroglossia and dialogic intertexuality. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language and Minority Rights Stephen May, 2013-06-17 The second edition addresses new theoretical and empirical developments since its initial publication, including the burgeoning influence of globalization and the relentless rise of English as the current world language. May’s broad position, however, remains largely unchanged. He argues that the causes of many of the language-based conflicts in the world today still lie with the nation-state and its preoccupation with establishing a 'common' language and culture via mass education. The solution, he suggests, is to rethink nation-states in more culturally and linguistically plural ways while avoiding, at the same time, essentializing the language-identity link. This edition, like the first, adopts a wide interdisciplinary framework, drawing on sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, sociology, political theory, education and law. It also includes new discussions of cosmopolitanism, globalization, the role of English, and language and mobility, highlighting the ongoing difficulties faced by minority language speakers in the world today. |
| power and inequality in language education: Sociolinguistics and Language Education Nancy H. Hornberger, Sandra Lee McKay, 2010-06-17 This book, addressed to experienced and novice language educators, provides an up-to-date overview of sociolinguistics, reflecting changes in the global situation and the continuing evolution of the field and its relevance to language education around the world. Topics covered include nationalism and popular culture, style and identity, creole languages, critical language awareness, gender and ethnicity, multimodal literacies, classroom discourse, and ideologies and power. Whether considering the role of English as an international language or innovative initiatives in Indigenous language revitalization, in every context of the world sociolinguistic perspectives highlight the fluid and flexible use of language in communities and classrooms, and the importance of teacher practices that open up spaces of awareness and acceptance of --and access to--the widest possible communicative repertoire for students. |
| power and inequality in language education: Language Matters Timothy Reagan, 2009-04-01 This book addresses a timely and very important topic: language in education. Language, apparently, is a very tricky business. On the one hand, everyone uses language, and virtually everyone has strong views about language. In the educational domain this seems to be especially true. Language is not merely an intrinsic component of the educational process as the medium of instruction in the classroom, but also serves as the mediator of social reality for students and teachers alike. It plays a central role in articulating and conveying not only social, cultural and empirical ideas, but ideological concepts as well. It is also used to make judgments about the speaker, not to mention its role in maintaining differential power relations. And yet, in spite of this, the role of language is not sufficiently recognized in classroom practice much of the time. Nor is language, except in fairly narrow ways, really an especially central part of the curriculum, in spite of its incredible importance. To be sure, we do spend a great deal of time and money attempting to teach students to read and write (that is, to provide them with basic literacy skills), and we provide nominal support for foreign language education programs. We also provide limited support for children coming to school who do not speak English. What we do not do, though, is to recognize the absolute centrality of language knowledge and language use for the educated person. This book seeks to address these issues from the broad perspective of critical pedagogy. |
| power and inequality in language education: A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology Alessandro Duranti, 2008-04-15 A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology provides a series of in-depth explorations of key concepts and approaches by some of the scholars whose work constitutes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the contemporary study of language as culture. Provides a definitive overview of the field of linguistic anthropology, comprised of original contributions by leading scholars in the field Summarizes past and contemporary research across the field and is intended to spur students and scholars to pursue new paths in the coming decades Includes a comprehensive bibliography of over 2000 entries designed as a resource for anyone seeking a guide to the literature of linguistic anthropology |
| power and inequality in language education: Discourse in English Language Education John Flowerdew, 2013 Discourse in English Language Education is designed to introduce students to the major concepts and issues in discourse analysis and its applications to language education, drawing on the key research from a range of approaches. This will be essential reading for upper undergraduates and postgraduates with interests in applied linguistics, TESOL and mother tongue language education. |
| power and inequality in language education: International Perspectives on Critical Pedagogies in ELT Mario E. López-Gopar, 2018-11-11 This edited collection brings to the forefront attempts to connect critical pedagogy and ELT (English Language Teaching) in different parts of the world. The authors in this collection write from their own experiences, giving the chapters nuanced understanding of the everyday struggles that teachers, teacher educators and researchers face within different contexts. Throughout the book, contributors connect micro-contexts (classrooms) with macro-contexts (world migration, politics and social issues) to demonstrate the impact and influences of pedagogy. In problematizing ELT and focusing on so-called ‘peripheral’ countries where educators have created their own critical pedagogies to respond to their own local realities, the contributors construct ELT in a way that goes beyond the typical ESL/EFL distinction. This unique edited collection will appeal to teacher educators, in-service teachers working in the field as well as students and scholars of English language teaching, second language acquisition and language education policy. |
| power and inequality in language education: Rethinking Language Education Arturo Tosi, Constant Leung, 1999 Britain has witnessed a number of changes in language education research and policy. These changes have been influenced by: the challenges to the predominance of British Anglo-centric attitudes and values; increasing research in bilingualism and bilingual education for ethnic minorities, largely North-American based, becoming known in Europe via scholars working in Britain; and multilingual Europe investing in research and teaching provision in foreign language education. |
| power and inequality in language education: Non-native Educators in English Language Teaching George Braine, 2013-10-08 The place of native and non-native speakers in the role of English teachers has probably been an issue ever since English was taught internationally. Although ESL and EFL literature is awash, in fact dependent upon, the scrutiny of non-native learners, interest in non-native academics and teachers is fairly new. Until recently, the voices of non-native speakers articulating their own concerns have been even rarer. This book is a response to this notable vacuum in the ELT literature, providing a forum for language educators from diverse geographical origins and language backgrounds. In addition to presenting autobiographical narratives, these authors argue sociopolitical issues and discuss implications for teacher education, all relating to the theme of non-native educators in ETL. All of the authors are non-native speakers of English. Some are long established professionals, whereas others are more recent initiates to the field. All but one received part of the higher education in North America, and all except two of the chapters are at least partially contextualized in North America. Particularly relevant for non-native speakers who aspire to enter the profession, graduate students in TESOL programs, and teacher educators, the unique nature of this book's contributors and its contents will interest researchers and professionals in applied linguistics generally and in ELT, and all those who are concerned with the role of non-native speakers in English-language teaching. |
| power and inequality in language education: Reconceptualising Power in Language Policy Abhimanyu Sharma, 2022-08-12 This book aims to expand the theoretical framework of and counter the Eurocentric narratives in language policy research, by comparing policies of EU and India and demonstrating the importance of taking a comparative perspective while studying language policies. This book challenges the notion of macro-level power in language policy research and offers evidence that, in democratic frameworks, macro-level power is not absolute. It is not uniform across policy domains, but rather susceptible to pressure, especially in the domains of healthcare and social welfare. This book makes three important contributions to the theory of language policy by: Arguing for the need to reconceptualise macro-level power Proposing ‘Categories of Differentiation’ as a new analytical tool for policy research Demonstrating that socio-political changes are reflected at the textual level This book is of interest to researchers working on language policies and those investigating language related legislation across different policy domains, to practitioners and policymakers in language policy, as well as to graduate students conducting comparative policy research. “This is a much valued and timely book making a strong case for the subject of language policy across Europe and India. The large comparative case studies of four distinctive states across Europe and India in a simple descriptive mode makes the reading of this book enjoyable. The domains of administration, legislation, healthcare and social welfare are undoubtedly novel ways to deal within the concept of language policy in a wider sense. The author uses discourse analysis to bring out the relationship between intention, explanation and interpretation of a phenomenon like language policy and its implementation. The social diversity as expressed in linguistic mapping is well captured in the novel idea of “categories of differentiation” both as a normative methodological tool and its historical-empirical manifestation.” — Asha Sarangi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. |
| power and inequality in language education: Critical Questions, Critical Perspectives Timothy Reagan, 2005-06-01 Critical Questions, Critical Perspectives: Language and the Second Language Educator is intended primarily for language educators, broadly conceived, and thus is appropriate for not only foreign language teachers, but also individuals teaching English to speakers of other languages in both Anglophone and non-Anglophone settings, teachers in bilingual education programs, heritage language teachers in both formal and informal settings, and others whose work involves language teaching and learning. It is also intended for teachers of all age groups and levels, since the issues that it raises are neither age nor level specific. This is not a book about teaching methodology, nor is it the sort of work that will provide the teacher with practical activities for use in the classroom. |
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Power (physics) - Wikipedia
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt, equal to one joule per second. Power is a scalar quantity.
POWER Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of POWER is ability to act or produce an effect. How to use power in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Power.
POWER | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
POWER meaning: 1. ability to control people and events: 2. the amount of political control a person or group has…. Learn more.
POWER definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
Power is energy, especially electricity, that is obtained in large quantities from a fuel source and used to operate lights, heating, and machinery.
Power - Math is Fun
Power is energy flowing! It is measured as energy per unit of time. No, not that type of Power Formula! Power is the rate of energy per time: Example: 3000 J of energy is used in 20 seconds, …
What is Power? - BYJU'S
What is Power? We can define power as the rate of doing work, it is the work done in unit time. The SI unit of power is Watt (W) which is joules per second (J/s). Sometimes the power of motor …
Power (Physics): Definition, Formula, Units, How To Find (W
Dec 28, 2020 · Power is a measure of how much work is done in a time interval. A quick note on horsepower: The term is meant to compare the output of a steam engine to that of a horse, as in …
Power – The Physics Hypertextbook
Power is the rate at which work is done (or energy is transferred). What is the unit of power? Watt is the unit of power!
Power Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
POWER meaning: 1 : the ability or right to control people or things often + over; 2 : political control of a country or area
Home | Powerball
Players win a prize by matching one of the 9 ways to win. The jackpot is won by matching all five white balls in any order and the red Powerball. Jackpot winners may choose to receive their …
Power (physics) - Wikipedia
Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. In the International System of Units, the unit of power is the watt, equal to one joule per second. Power is a scalar quantity.
POWER Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of POWER is ability to act or produce an effect. How to use power in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Power.
POWER | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
POWER meaning: 1. ability to control people and events: 2. the amount of political control a person or group has…. Learn more.
POWER definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
Power is energy, especially electricity, that is obtained in large quantities from a fuel source and used to operate lights, heating, and machinery.
Power - Math is Fun
Power is energy flowing! It is measured as energy per unit of time. No, not that type of Power Formula! Power is the rate of energy per time: Example: 3000 J of energy is used in 20 …
What is Power? - BYJU'S
What is Power? We can define power as the rate of doing work, it is the work done in unit time. The SI unit of power is Watt (W) which is joules per second (J/s). Sometimes the power of …
Power (Physics): Definition, Formula, Units, How To Find (W
Dec 28, 2020 · Power is a measure of how much work is done in a time interval. A quick note on horsepower: The term is meant to compare the output of a steam engine to that of a horse, as …
Power – The Physics Hypertextbook
Power is the rate at which work is done (or energy is transferred). What is the unit of power? Watt is the unit of power!
Power Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
POWER meaning: 1 : the ability or right to control people or things often + over; 2 : political control of a country or area
