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| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Taking Health to the Streets in Puerto Rico Shir Lerman Ginzburg, 2023-06-21 This book investigates the role of colonization on diabetes, depression, and food insecurity in Puerto Rico and highlights the role of health activism in combating colonial legacies. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Building States Eva-Maria Muschik, 2022-04-13 Postwar multilateral cooperation is often viewed as an attempt to overcome the limitations of the nation-state system. However, in 1945, when the United Nations was founded, large parts of the world were still under imperial control. Building States investigates how the UN tried to manage the dissolution of European empires in the 1950s and 1960s—and helped transform the practice of international development and the meaning of state sovereignty in the process. Eva-Maria Muschik argues that the UN played a key role in the global proliferation and reinvention of the nation-state in the postwar era, as newly independent states came to rely on international assistance. Drawing on previously untapped primary sources, she traces how UN personnel—usually in close consultation with Western officials—sought to manage decolonization peacefully through international development assistance. Examining initiatives in Libya, Somaliland, Bolivia, the Congo, and New York, Muschik shows how the UN pioneered a new understanding and practice of state building, presented as a technical challenge for international experts rather than a political process. UN officials increasingly took on public-policy functions, despite the organization’s mandate not to interfere in the domestic affairs of its member states. These initiatives, Muschik suggests, had lasting effects on international development practice, peacekeeping, and post-conflict territorial administration. Casting new light on how international organizations became major players in the governance of developing countries, Building States has significant implications for the histories of decolonization, the Cold War, and international development. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Puerto Rico Constitution Rafael Cox Alomar, 2022 This volume examines the constitutional history of Puerto Rico, from the days of Spanish colonization through to the modern era. The book also offers an in-depth analysis of the articles of the constitution, considering their context in the complex relationship between Puerto Rico and the political branches in Washington. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Puerto Rico’s Constitutional Paradox Jorge M Farinacci-Fernós, 2023-02-23 This book explains how the People of Puerto Rico managed to adopt a constitution whose content and process were both original and colonialist, participatory and undemocratic, as well as progressive and anticlimactic. It looks in detail at the rich contradictions of the Puerto Rican constitutional experience, focusing on the history and content of the 1952 Constitution. This constitution is the only constitutional document written by the Puerto Rican People themselves after more than 500 years of Spanish and US colonialism. By exploring Puerto Rico's unique history and constitutional experience the book shines a spotlight on key emerging themes of comparative constitutional studies in this area: state constitutionalism, the persistence of colonial relationships in the Caribbean, and the continued development of constitutionalism in Latin America. The book delves deep into the particular experience of Puerto Rican constitutionalism which combines elements of colonialism, democratic tensions, and progressive policies. It explains how these features converge in a constitutional project that has endured for 70 years and continues its contradictory development. It considers issues such as the island's colonial history, including its conflicting relationship with democratic values and the constant presence of social movements and their struggles. It also explores the content of the 1952 Constitution, focusing on its progressive substantive policy, particularly its rights provisions, its amendment procedures, and the governmental structure it set up. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Handbook of Decolonial Community Psychology Christopher C. Sonn, Jesica Siham Fernández, James Ferreira Moura Jr., Monica Eviandaru Madyaningrum, Nick Malherbe, 2024-10-21 This handbook offers refined interpretations of decolonial thought, methodologies, and practices in community psychology. As a representative mapping of the broad range of decolonial cosmovisions, experiences, and praxes in community psychology and allied disciplines around the globe, it brings together contributions from North America, Latin America, Europe, Oceania, Africa, and Asia. It offers an overview of community psychology with a decolonial focus and from a transnational perspective, transcending intellectual, geographical, and cultural borders, and constraining identities, affirming and celebrating the unique identities, experiences, and positions of its contributors within the global landscape of knowledge and politics. The handbook illuminates the dynamic intersections between resistance and colonial legacies, foregrounding the enduring struggles against settler colonialism and racial capitalism across diverse geographies, temporalities, and histories. Underscoring the urgency of addressing inter-connected local and global challenges, such as land rights, livelihoods, and dignified existence, it offers hopeful yet critical perspectives on radical social justice struggles around the globe. The volume brings together contributions from scholars, academics, educators, researchers, practitioners, activists, and community collaborators, and its chapters range in style and format. Some are more aligned with academic writing, while others - in the spirit of decolonizing disciplinary logics - are structured through more undisciplined, less constrained writing forms. Each author was invited to question the coloniality of power in and beyond community psychology. As such, the handbook contains productions that trouble the manifestations of coloniality both in the past and in the present, as well as in the different territories of the Majority World, particularly within settler colonial nation-states. As a seminal work, the Handbook of Decolonial Community Psychology will further define and shape the contours of knowledge in decolonial community psychology, and inspire new generations of scholars, practitioners, students, and community organizers to advance the field with innovative ideas and transformative practices. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: New Destinations of Empire Emily Mitchell-Eaton, 2024-11 In 1986 the Compact of Free Association marked the formal end of U.S. colonialism in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, while simultaneously re-entrenching imperial power dynamics between the two countries. The U.S.-RMI Compact at once enshrined exclusive U.S. military access to the islands and established the right of “visa-free” migration to the United States for Marshallese citizens, leading to a Marshallese diaspora whose largest population resettled in the seemingly unlikely destination of Springdale, Arkansas. An “all-white town” by design for much of the twentieth century, Springdale, having nearly quadrupled in population since 1980, has been remade by Marshallese as well as Latinx immigration. Through ethnographic, policy-based, and archival research in Guåhan, Saipan, Hawai’i, Arkansas, and Washington, D.C., New Destinations of Empire tells the story of these place-based transformations, revealing how U.S. empire both causes and constrains mobility for its subjects, shaping migrants’ experiences of racialization, citizenship, and belonging in new destinations of empire. In examining two spatial processes—imperialism and migration—together, Emily Mitchell-Eaton reveals connections and flows between presumably distant, “remote” sites like Arkansas and the Marshall Islands, showing them to be central to the United States’ most urgent political issues: immigration, racial justice, militarization, and decolonization. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Fantasy Island Ed Morales, 2019-09-10 A crucial, clear-eyed accounting of Puerto Rico's 122 years as a colony of the US. Since its acquisition by the US in 1898, Puerto Rico has served as a testing ground for the most aggressive and exploitative US economic, political, and social policies. The devastation that ensued finally grew impossible to ignore in 2017, in the wake of Hurricane María, as the physical destruction compounded the infrastructure collapse and trauma inflicted by the debt crisis. In Fantasy Island, Ed Morales traces how, over the years, Puerto Rico has served as a colonial satellite, a Cold War Caribbean showcase, a dumping ground for US manufactured goods, and a corporate tax shelter. He also shows how it has become a blank canvas for mercenary experiments in disaster capitalism on the frontlines of climate change, hamstrung by internal political corruption and the US federal government's prioritization of outside financial interests. Taking readers from San Juan to New York City and back to his family's home in the Luquillo Mountains, Morales shows us the machinations of financial and political interests in both the US and Puerto Rico, and the resistance efforts of Puerto Rican artists and activists. Through it all, he emphasizes that the only way to stop Puerto Rico from being bled is to let Puerto Ricans take control of their own destiny, going beyond the statehood-commonwealth-independence debate to complete decolonization. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Puerto Rican Problems ... American Council on Public Affairs, 1940 |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Affect, Archive, Archipelago Beatriz Llenín-Figueroa, 2022-04-04 This timely book presents the contexts and perspectives needed for imagining possible decolonial futures for twenty-first century Puerto Rico-- |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Beyond Disaster Melissa L Rosario, 2025-02-15 An alternative view of Puerto Rico’s past, present, and future How do we map the pathways to liberation where we have been taught to see only trauma, suffering, and lack? Melissa L. Rosario offers an alternative view of Puerto Rico, America’s oldest colony, removing readers from the framework of crisis to consider the deeper legacies of its current impasse. Beyond Disaster: Building Collective Futures in Puerto Rico is an intimate portrait, weaving insights from the author’s own life, research, and organizing work as a scholar in the diaspora who rematriated. Rosario bridges the genres of social history and memoir to unsettle the meaning of resistance and freedom, underscoring the deep wounds of colonialism while still uplifting the profound possibilities of embodied alternatives. Beyond Disaster critiques the framework of debt and crisis by examining the psychological, emotional, and spiritual effects of colonialism. Rosario highlights key examples of organizing efforts to defend land and education against total enclosure, protecting life amid loss. This book offers a series of microhistories, vignettes, and prose poetry to foreground the daily practices necessary to anchor the ecological and political landscapes of our collective future. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Right to Exclude Justin Desautels-Stein, 2023-02-12 In a world in which racism and xenophobia are endemic, what is the role of international law? To the extent international rules are thought to have any relevance at all, the typical approach characterizes international law as on the side of racial justice. Human rights instruments like the United Nations' International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination are paradigmatic, offering the world international agreements in which governments are directed to avoid racist behavior and promote antiracist action. In The Right to Exclude, Justin Desautels-Stein goes against the grain and asks whether certain rules of international law might actually produce structures of racial hierarchy, rather than work to limit them. The intellectual fulcrum for this production, Desautels-Stein argues, lies in the ideological structures of sovereignty and property, the right to exclude that is shared in those twinned precincts, and the border regimes that result. Applying critical race theory to contemporary problems of migration, nationalism, multiculturalism, decolonization, and self-determination, Desautels-Stein expounds a theory of postracial xenophobia, a structure of racial ideology that justifies and legitimates a pragmatic account of racialized foreignness, a racial xenos. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Puerto Rico and Ukraine from a Bird Two Wings- Self Political Determination Missing Guillermo González Román M.D., 2022-06-16 This book is written from my perspective as a psychiatrist in relation to my experiences of being an American born in Puerto Rico. This may sound cognitively dissonant but is not. There are fundamental differences between being an American and an American born in PR. The intentions for this book are to denounce the hoax of the century in USA- that the Puerto Ricans govern Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico has no sovereignty of its own. Since 1898, PR has been governed by the US Congress and the President of the USA. With the Foraker Act of 1900, we were ordered to organize ourselves in a limited version of a republican type of government, with only one chamber and a governor appointed by the President of the USA. This civil government would replace the military government present since the invasion of our lands. With the Jones- Shafroth Act of 1917 we became American citizens, and the new government was going to have two chambers - Senate, and House of Representatives. The Act made it clear that the US has full control in matters of the economy, immigration, defense, and the type of government for us in PR. Government organization was designed by the USA and not by us. Even our famous Commonwealth Constitution was ordered from the US Congress and was modified at their will without consent of the Puerto Ricans. Until 1952, PR was on the list of colonies of the United Nations Decolonization Committee. The people of PR were allowed to elect a governor in 1948 for the first time since total control of the US. We were ordered to write a constitution subordinated to the US Constitution, as approved by Congress, and this act was presented to the United Nation as a proof of self government. It proved unnecessary supervision by the UN- they considered it a domestic manner and not an international matter; it seems that they forgot the Treaty of Paris. The US ambassador asked for PR to be stricken from the list of colonies and for the requirements to present reports for the decolonization and self government development. We have never had full self government and much less self determined government. This hoax has led many to believe that PR is a Latin American nation. We are a non incorporated territory that belongs to but is not part of the federation of states government. As a territory that belongs to the USA, they discriminated regarding which rights of their constitution extends to us. For the past five years, a board of seven members designated by the President and the House and the Senate of the USA has superseded our elected officials. And they have the discretion and the power to change whatever they feel necessary, including the constitution, so we can pay the debt with Wall Street. Seven Americans, not Puerto Ricans, have the full control of our monies. Where is the self government? Maybe it never existed and was just the hoax of the century for the US government. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Self-Determination and Secession Natalija Shikova, 2023-08-28 This book offers a comprehensive summary of extant international law scholarship on the topics of self-determination and secession and positions the concepts among present-day theory and relevant practice, illustrated through various ongoing cases and historical examples. The right to self-determination is among the least understood rights within international law. Theoretical dilemmas – as to whether there is a link between self-determination and secession – are nothing new. In essence, self-determination is a much broader concept than secession and obtaining independent statehood. Unilateral secession is not prohibited by international law, but neither is it per se welcomed or accepted in practice. Beyond the context of decolonization, secession claims have long been viewed with disapproval in international law, and lawyers have been extremely skeptical about the issue. Although this is still the case, there are also new trends and opportunities to explore situations in which secession can be accepted, legitimized, or even legally permissible. The yardstick for this is the diplomatic response to secessionism and the growing involvement of the international community in mediation and conflict resolution. Though finding solutions can be difficult, within the existing frame, the ongoing tension between the duty of every society to recognize pluralism and diversity on the one hand, and the inherent desire of every culture – whether majority, minority or indigenous – to protect its values and ensure conformity on the other, must be resolved. The practices and modalities that envisage the internal dimension of the right to self-determination as a right that is exercised within the state borders can offer such opportunities. The appropriate role of the state and the international community is to serve as mediators between competing forces and to set parameters that can transform destructive conflicts into productive political models. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023 Tom Lansford, Jorge Brown, 2023 With more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide, Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023 is the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each countrys governmental and political makeup. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Decolonizing Diasporas Yomaira C Figueroa-Vásquez, 2020-10-15 Mapping literature from Spanish-speaking sub-Saharan African and Afro-Latinx Caribbean diasporas, Decolonizing Diasporas argues that the works of diasporic writers and artists from Equatorial Guinea, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba offer new worldviews that unsettle and dismantle the logics of colonial modernity. With women of color feminisms and decolonial theory as frameworks, Yomaira C. Figueroa-Vásquez juxtaposes Afro-Latinx and Afro-Hispanic diasporic artists, analyzing work by Nelly Rosario, Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, Trifonia Melibea Obono, Donato Ndongo, Junot Díaz, Aracelis Girmay, Loida Maritza Pérez, Ernesto Quiñonez, Christina Olivares, Joaquín Mbomio Bacheng, Ibeyi, Daniel José Older, and María Magdalena Campos-Pons. Figueroa-Vásquez’s study reveals the thematic, conceptual, and liberatory tools these artists offer when read in relation to one another. Decolonizing Diasporas examines how themes of intimacy, witnessing, dispossession, reparations, and futurities are remapped in these works by tracing interlocking structures of oppression, including public and intimate forms of domination, sexual and structural violence, sociopolitical and racial exclusion, and the haunting remnants of colonial intervention. Figueroa-Vásquez contends that these diasporic literatures reveal violence but also forms of resistance and the radical potential of Afro-futurities. This study centers the cultural productions of peoples of African descent as Afro-diasporic imaginaries that subvert coloniality and offer new ways to approach questions of home, location, belonging, and justice. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Sovereignty Referendums in International and Constitutional Law İlker Gökhan Şen, 2015-01-28 This book focuses on sovereignty referendums, which have been used throughout different historical periods of democratization, decolonization, devolution, secession and state creation. Referendums on questions of sovereignty and self-determination have been a significant element of the international political and legal landscape since the French Revolution, and have been a central element in the resolution of territorial issues from the referendum in Avignon in 1791 until today. More recent examples include Quebec, East Timor, New Caledonia, Puerto Rico and South Sudan. The global aim of this book is to achieve a better empirical and legal understanding of sovereignty referendums and related problems in international and national law and politics. Accordingly, it presents readers a comprehensive study of sovereignty referendums from the perspectives of both international and constitutional law. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Battle for Paradise Naomi Klein, 2018-06-05 Fearless necessary reporting . . . Klein exposes the ‘battle of utopias’ that is currently unfolding in storm-ravaged Puerto Rico” (Junot Díaz, author of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao) “We are in a fight for our lives. Hurricanes Irma and María unmasked the colonialism we face in Puerto Rico, and the inequality it fosters, creating a fierce humanitarian crisis. Now we must find a path forward to equality and sustainability, a path driven by communities, not investors. And this book explains, with careful and unbiased reporting, only the efforts of our community activists can answer the paramount question: What type of society do we want to become and who is Puerto Rico for?” —Carmen Yulín Cruz, Mayor of San Juan, Puerto Rico In the rubble of Hurricane Maria, Puerto Ricans and ultrarich “Puertopians” are locked in a pitched struggle over how to remake the island. In this vital and startling investigation, bestselling author and activist Naomi Klein uncovers how the forces of shock politics and disaster capitalism seek to undermine the nation’s radical, resilient vision for a “just recovery.” All royalties from the sale of this book in English and Spanish go directly to JunteGente, a gathering of Puerto Rican organizations resisting disaster capitalism and advancing a fair and healthy recovery for their island. “Klein chronicles the extraordinary grassroots resistance by the Puerto Rican people against neoliberal privatization and Wall Street greed in the aftermath of the island’s financial meltdown, of hurricane devastation, and of Washington’s imposition of an outside control board over the most important U.S. colony.” —Juan González, cohost of Democracy Now! and author of Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Decolonization Models for America’s Last Colony Angel Collado-Schwarz, 2012-02-29 Addresses the colonial relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States, and provides the long-term options that Puerto Rico might have as a sovereign country using six countries as case studies- Singapore, Ireland, New Zealand, Estonia, Slovenia and Israel |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Nuyorican and Diasporican Visual Art Arlene Dávila, Yasmin Ramirez, 2024-12-13 Although Puerto Rican artists have always been central figures in contemporary American and international art worlds, they have largely gone unrecognized and been excluded from art history canons. Nuyorican and Diasporican Visual Art provides a critical survey of Puerto Rican art production in the United States from the 1960s to the present. The contributors assert the importance and contemporaneity of the Nuyorican art movement by tracing its emergence alongside other American vanguardist movements, highlighting its innovations, and exploring it as an expression of Puerto Rican culture beyond New York to include cities such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Orlando. They also foreground the contributions and radical aesthetics of female, Black, and queer Puerto Rican artists. Following the expansion and decentralization of the Puerto Rican diaspora and its artistic output, this volume is a call to action for scholars, curators, and artists to address the historical inequalities that have marginalized Diasporican artists and reassess the presence of Puerto Rican artists. Contributors. Joseph Anthony Cáceres, Taína Caragol, Arnaldo M. Cruz-Malavé, Deborah Cullen-Morales, Arlene Dávila, Kerry Doran, Elizabeth Ferrer, Yomaira C. Figueroa-Vásquez, Al Hoyos-Twomey, Teréz Iacovino, Johnny Irizarry, Johana Londoño, Gabriel Magraner, Nikki Myers, Urayoán Noel, Néstor David Pastor, Yasmin Ramirez, Melissa M. Ramos Borges, Raquel Reichard, Rojo Robles, Abdiel D. Segarra Ríos, Wilson Valentín-Escobar |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Diaspora as translation and decolonisation Ipek Demir, 2022-05-17 This innovative study engages critically with existing conceptualisations of diaspora, arguing that if diaspora is to have analytical purchase, it should illuminate a specific angle of migration or migrancy. To reveal the much-needed transformative potential of the concept, the book looks specifically at how diasporas undertake translation and decolonisation. It offers various conceptual tools for investigating diaspora, with a specific focus on diasporas in the Global North and a detailed empirical study of the Kurdish diaspora in Europe. The book also considers the backlash diasporas of colour have faced in the Global North. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Constitutions Richard Albert, Derek O'Brien, Se-shauna Wheatle, 2020 A first-of-its-kind resource studying the operation of constitutional law across the entire Caribbean, embracing the linguistic, political, and cultural diversity of the region, Each jurisdictional chapter shares a common format and structure to aid comparison between different jurisdictions, Contributors from a variety of different disciplines-law, history, and political science-provide a range of perspectives on the study of the region's constitutions Book jacket. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Insurgent Ecologies , 2024-10-17T00:00:00Z We are living through a world-rattling ecological inflection point, with an unprecedented consensus that capitalism is leading humanity into a social and ecological catastrophe and that everything needs to change, and fast. Thankfully, radical environmental movements have forced the question of “system change” to the centre of the political agenda to make way for a just and livable world. Insurgent Ecologies takes readers on an inspiring journey across key sites of ecological crisis and contestation, showing how revolutionary politics can emerge from the convergences between place-based, often disconnected struggles. These engaging essays speak to longstanding debates in political ecology around how to advance transformations in, against and beyond capitalism. The collection starts from the belief that the environmental struggles taking place across the Global South and North are a necessary component of such transformations. The book presents unique stories of the visions and strategies of struggles organized around sovereignty, land, climate, feminisms and labour, written by scholar-activists rooted in territories around the globe, offering locally grounded yet global perspectives. Each story reflects on how to build solidarity and comradeship across diverse struggles and how new political subjects and transformative collective projects for social-ecological justice are created. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Diasporican Illyanna Maisonet, 2022-10-18 JAMES BEARD AWARD WINNER • Over 90 delicious, deeply personal recipes that tell the story of Puerto Rico's Stateside diaspora from the United States' first Puerto Rican food columnist, award-winning writer Illyanna Maisonet. “A delicious journey through purpose, place, and the power of food that you won’t want to miss.”—José Andrés, chef, cookbook author, and founder of World Central Kitchen ONE OF THE TEN BEST COOKBOOKS OF THE YEAR: Simply Recipes ONE OF THE BEST COOKBOOKS OF THE YEAR: The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Saveur, Smithsonian Magazine, Delish, Vice Illyanna Maisonet spent years documenting her family’s Puerto Rican recipes and preserving the island’s disappearing foodways through rigorous, often bilingual research. In Diasporican, she shares over 90 recipes, some of which were passed down from her grandmother and mother—classics such as Tostones, Pernil, and Arroz con Gandules, as well as Pinchos with BBQ Guava Sauce, Rabbit Fricassee with Chayote, and Flan de Queso. In this visual record of Puerto Rican food, ingredients, and techniques, Illyanna traces the island’s flavor traditions to the Taino, Spanish, African, and even United States' cultures that created it. These dishes, shaped by geography, immigration, and colonization, reflect the ingenuity and diversity of their people. Filled with travel and food photography, Diasporican reveals how food connects us to family, history, conflict, and migration. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Rogue Revolutionaries Vanessa Mongey, 2020-09-25 In 1822, the Mary departed Philadelphia and sailed in the direction of the Spanish colony of Puerto Rico. Like most vessels that navigated the Caribbean, the Mary brought together men who had served under a dozen different flags over the years. Unlike most crews, those aboard the Mary were in a different line of commerce: they exported revolution. In addition to rifles and pistols, the Mary transported a box filled with proclamations announcing the creation of the Republic of Boricua. This imagined republic rested on one principle: equal rights for all, regardless of birthplace, race, or religion. The leaders of the expedition had never set foot in Puerto Rico. And they never would. When we think of the Age of Revolutions, George Washington, Robespierre, Toussaint Louverture, or Simón Bolívar might come to mind. But Rogue Revolutionaries recovers the interconnected stories of now-forgotten foreigners of desperate fortune who dreamt of overthrowing colonial monarchy and creating their own countries. They were not members of the political and economic elite; rather, they were ship captains, military veterans, and enslaved soldiers. As a history of ideas and geopolitics grounded in the narratives of extraordinary lives, Rogue Revolutionaries shows how these men of different nationalities and ethnicities claimed revolution as a universal right and reimagined notions of sovereignty, liberty, and decolonization. In the midst of wars and upheavals, the question of who had the legitimacy to launch a revolution and to start a new country was open to debate. Behind the growing power of nation-states, Mongey uncovers a lost world of radical cosmopolitanism grounded in the pursuit of material interests and personal prestige. In demonstrating that these would-be revolutionaries and their fleeting republics were critical to the creation of a new international order, Mongey reminds us of the importance of attending to failures, dead ends, and the unpredictable nature of history. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Define and Rule Mahmood Mamdani, 2012-10-30 When Britain abandoned its attempt to eradicate difference between conqueror and conquered and introduced a new idea of governance as the definition and management of difference, lines of political identity were drawn between settler and native, and between natives according to tribe. Out of this colonial experience arose a language of pluralism. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: America’s Last Fortress Alexander Odishelidze, 2022-01-03 <p><b>A <em>Wall Street Journal</em> and <em>USA Today</em> Bestseller</b><br></p> China’s Belt and Road initiative is on the way. Premier Xi’s agenda? For China to have unrestricted access to the rest of the world. At the focus is America’s last fortress, Puerto Rico, which sits primely at the southern entrance of the Caribbean from the Atlantic Ocean. The only way that China can exercise influence in Puerto Rico—and move freely around the globe—is if Puerto Rico becomes an independent nation. Puerto Rico’s political process is in shambles and the island is now slipping toward independence. Author Alexander Odishelidze spent 30 years on decolonization with a preference for statehood. This is his firsthand account of the mistakes made during that process, and of the vested interests—both on the mainland US and in Puerto Rico—that fought to maintain the status quo. In the 1970s, independence drew less than 5 percent of the vote in Puerto Rico’s elections. During the last election, independence-leaning candidates received almost 50 percent of the vote. The trend is away from statehood. And China is watching. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Puerto Rico José Trías Monge, 1997-01-01 Former Attorney General and former Chief Justice of Puerto Rico, Jose Trias Monge describes his island as one of the most densely populated places on earth, with a severely distressed economy and limited political freedom--still considered a colony of the U.S. Monge claims the island has become too dependent on U.S. money and argues for decolonization and movement toward more independence. 28 illustrations. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism Immanuel Ness, Zak Cope, 2021-01-13 Now in its second edition, The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism is the definitive reference work for students and scholars interested in the theory and history of imperialism and anti-imperialism from the sixteenth century to the present day. Written by an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars, it provides detailed studies of imperialism’s roots, goals, methods and impact around the world. It also explores the rich and varied tradition of anti-imperialism, focusing on its most significant leaders, intellectuals, theories and social movements. The second edition has been expanded to include a number of topics not covered in the first edition, such as feminism, the environment, crime, international law, imperialism and anti-imperialism in art, literature and poetry, and medicine. In addition, existing entries have been updated and revised to reflect the latest scholarship. Offering a more comprehensive and thorough treatment of imperialism and anti-imperialism, the second edition of this encyclopedia takes a comparative, global approach to challenge and enhance our understanding of today’s world. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Deuda Natal Mara Pastor, 2021-09-07 Deuda Natal finds the beauty within vulnerability and the dignity amidst precariousness. As one of the most prominent voices in Puerto Rican poetry, Mara Pastor uses the poems in this new bilingual collection to highlight the way that fundamental forms of caring for life—and for language—can create a space of poetic decolonization. The poems in Deuda Natal propose new ways of understanding as they traverse a thematic landscape of women’s labor, the figure of the nomad and immigrant, and the return from economic exile to confront the catastrophic confluence of disaster and disaster capitalism. The poems in Deuda Natal reckon with the stark environmental degradation in Puerto Rico and the larger impacts of global climate change as they navigate our changing world through a feminist lens. Pastor’s work asserts a feminist objection to our society’s obsession with production and the accumulation of wealth, offering readers an opportunity for collective vulnerability within these pages. For this remarkable work, Pastor has found unique allies in María José Giménez and Anna Rosenwong, the translators of Deuda Natal. Winner of the 2020 Ambroggio Prize of the Academy of American Poets, this collection showcases masterfully crafted and translated poems that are politically urgent and emotionally striking. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Puerto Rican Nation on the Move Jorge Duany, 2003-10-15 Puerto Ricans maintain a vibrant identity that bridges two very different places--the island of Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland. Whether they live on the island, in the States, or divide time between the two, most imagine Puerto Rico as a separate nation and view themselves primarily as Puerto Rican. At the same time, Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, and Puerto Rico has been a U.S. commonwealth since 1952. Jorge Duany uses previously untapped primary sources to bring new insights to questions of Puerto Rican identity, nationalism, and migration. Drawing a distinction between political and cultural nationalism, Duany argues that the Puerto Rican nation must be understood as a new kind of translocal entity with deep cultural continuities. He documents a strong sharing of culture between island and mainland, with diasporic communities tightly linked to island life by a steady circular migration. Duany explores the Puerto Rican sense of nationhood by looking at cultural representations produced by Puerto Ricans and considering how others--American anthropologists, photographers, and museum curators, for example--have represented the nation. His sources of information include ethnographic fieldwork, archival research, interviews, surveys, censuses, newspaper articles, personal documents, and literary texts. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Report of the Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, Vincent David Lasse, 1975 |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Seventh Member State Megan Brown, 2022-04-19 For nearly two decades, including after its independence, Algeria was named as a part of the European Economic Community. Megan Brown unearths this forgotten history, showing that early visions of European unity were not limited to the “natural” geographic boundaries on which many today insist. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Olimpismo Antonio Sotomayor, Cesar R. Torres, 2020-02-03 The Olympic Games are a phenomenon of unparalleled global proportions. This book examines the rich and complex involvement of Latin America and the Caribbean peoples with the Olympic Movement, serving as an effective medium to explore the making of this region. The nine essays here investigate the influence, struggles, and contributions of Latin American and Caribbean societies to the Olympic Movement. By delving into nationalist political movements, post-revolutionary diplomacy, decolonization struggles, gender and disability discourses, and more, they define how the nations of this region have shaped and been shaped by the Olympic Movement. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Teaching In/Between: Curating Educational Spaces with Autohistoria-Teoría and Conocimiento Leslie C. Sotomayor II, 2022-05-03 'Teaching In/Between: Curating educational spaces with autohistoria-teoría and conocimiento' is an iteration of an educator's embodied teaching and theorizing through testimonio work. Sotomayor, through a decolonizing feminist teaching inquiry, documents and analyzes her experiences as a facilitator in higher education while teaching the undergraduate course 'Latina Feminisms, Latinas in the US: Gender, Culture and Society'. This unique book is her interpretation and implementation of the seven recursive stages of Gloria Anzaldúa's conocimiento theory as transformative acts to guide her research design and teaching approach. Sotomayor's distinct bridging of Anzaldúa's theories of autohistoria-teoría and conocimiento offers an expansive perspective to how theorizing and curating our lived experiences can be transformational processes within academia. Sotomayor applies Anzaldúa's theories and her own theorizing to curate educational spaces that decolonize White hegemonic academic canons and empower underrepresented learners who may experience a deep sense of not belonging in academia. She situates herself in the study as curator, and her practice as curator as an agent of self-knowledge production and theorizing to create self-empowering learning environments. Sotomayor's work dwells within the lineage of border and cultural studies with shared voices of Gloria Anzaldúa, AnaLouise Keating, Mariana Ortega, Ami Kantawala, Maxine Greene, and Ruth Behar. Her work is considered a guide for teaching practitioners and researchers who hope to develop ways of knowing within their teaching environments that are inclusive and holistic for learners through a non-linear transformative process. 'Teaching In/Between' can be adapted for classroom use for pre-service teachers and instructors as well as creative interpretations for interdisciplinary works within Chicana/x, Latina/x, Art Education, Visual Arts and History, Women's & Gender Studies, Border and Cultural Studies. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Big Ditch Noel Maurer, Carlos Yu, 2023-07-18 An incisive economic and political history of the Panama Canal On August 15, 1914, the Panama Canal officially opened for business, forever changing the face of global trade and military power, as well as the role of the United States on the world stage. The Canal's creation is often seen as an example of U.S. triumphalism, but Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu reveal a more complex story. Examining the Canal's influence on Panama, the United States, and the world, The Big Ditch deftly chronicles the economic and political history of the Canal, from Spain's earliest proposals in 1529 through the final handover of the Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999, to the present day. The authors show that the Canal produced great economic dividends for the first quarter-century following its opening, despite massive cost overruns and delays. Relying on geographical advantage and military might, the United States captured most of these benefits. By the 1970s, however, when the Carter administration negotiated the eventual turnover of the Canal back to Panama, the strategic and economic value of the Canal had disappeared. And yet, contrary to skeptics who believed it was impossible for a fledgling nation plagued by corruption to manage the Canal, when the Panamanians finally had control, they switched the Canal from a public utility to a for-profit corporation, ultimately running it better than their northern patrons. A remarkable tale, The Big Ditch offers vital lessons about the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects, American overseas interventions on institutional development, and the ability of governments to run companies effectively. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Alluring Monsters Rosalind Galt, 2021 The pontianak, a terrifying female vampire ghost, is a powerful figure in Malay cultures. Exploring how and why the pontianak found new life in postcolonial Southeast Asian film and society, Rosalind Galt reveals the importance of cinema to histories and theories of decolonization. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Maestrapeace Juana Alicia, Miranda Bergman, 2019 A beautiful coffee table book celebrating the Maestrapeace Mural that adorns San Francisco Mission District's Women's Building, in time for the 25th anniversary of the mural in 2019-- |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Sociological Abstracts Leo P. Chall, 1992 CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: Decolonial Horizons Raimundo C. Barreto, Vladimir Latinovic, 2023-12-27 This is the first of two volumes of essays from the Ecclesiological Investigations International Research Network's 14th International Conference focused on decolonizing churches and theology, addressing oppressions based on gender, racial, and ethnic identities; economic inequality; social vulnerabilities; climate change and global challenges such as pandemics, neoliberalism, and the role of information technology in modern society, all connected with the topic of decolonization. The essays in this volume focus on decoloniality in religious and theological dialogue, migration, history, and education, written from historical, dogmatic, social scientific, and liturgical perspectives. |
| puerto rico decolonization 2022: The Long Year Thomas J. Sugrue, Caitlin Zaloom, 2022-01-25 Some years—1789, 1929, 1989—change the world suddenly. Or do they? In 2020, a pandemic converged with an economic collapse, inequalities exploded, and institutions weakened. Yet these crises sprang not from new risks but from known dangers. The world—like many patients—met 2020 with a host of preexisting conditions, which together tilted the odds toward disaster. Perhaps 2020 wasn’t the year the world changed; perhaps it was simply the moment the world finally understood its deadly diagnosis. In The Long Year, some of the world’s most incisive thinkers excavate 2020’s buried crises, revealing how they must be confronted in order to achieve a more equal future. Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor calls for the defunding of police and the refunding of communities; Keisha Blain demonstrates why the battle against racism must be global; and Adam Tooze reveals that COVID-19 hit hardest where inequality was already greatest and welfare states weakest. Yarimar Bonilla, Xiaowei Wang, Simon Balto, Marcia Chatelain, Gautam Bhan, Ananya Roy, and others offer insights from the factory farms of China to the elite resorts of France, the meatpacking plants of the Midwest to the overcrowded hospitals of India. The definitive guide to these ongoing catastrophes, The Long Year shows that only by exposing the roots and ramifications of 2020 can another such breakdown be prevented. It is made possible through institutional partnerships with Public Books and the Social Science Research Council. |
Puerto Rico - Wikipedia
Located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles, it consists of …
25 Epic Things to Do in Puerto Rico in 2025
Apr 30, 2025 · Exploring Old San Juan, ziplining in El Yunque National Forest, and kayakaying on Bioluminescent Mosquito Bay are some of the most epic things to do in Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico | History, Geography, & Points of Interest | Britannica
4 days ago · Puerto Rico, self-governing island commonwealth of the West Indies, associated with the United States. The easternmost island of the Greater Antilles chain, it lies approximately …
Your Guide to Visit Puerto Rico | Discover Puerto Rico
Explore Puerto Rico with our Interactive Map—your ultimate guide to discovering the Island’s top attractions, hidden gems, and must-see destinations. Make the most of your travel to Puerto …
45 Best Things To Do In Puerto Rico (2025) - PuertoRico.com
As someone who has traveled the island far and wide, there are hidden gems and places you can go if you want the best experience Puerto Rico has to offer. In this article, I’ll list the 45 best …
20 Best Places to Visit in Puerto Rico - Travel
May 27, 2025 · Discover the best places to visit in Puerto Rico, from incredible beaches and uninhabited islets to historic cities and buzzing neighborhoods.
Puerto Rico - WorldAtlas
Feb 24, 2021 · Puerto Rico is one of the 3 inhabited territories in the Caribbean. It is territory in the northeast Caribbean Sea located about 1,600 km southeast of Miami. It is the largest and …
What To Do In Puerto Rico? | Puerto Rico Visitors Guide 2025
Apr 22, 2025 · Welcome to our comprehensive guide to Puerto Rico, a captivating island in the heart of the Caribbean. From the enchanting beauty of its landscapes and stunning beaches …
Welcome to Puerto Rico! History, Culture and Travel Information
Puerto Rico offers hundreds of activities for all interests and budgets—from historic sites and lush rainforests to bioluminescent bays and world-class beaches. Discover 500 years of rich …
12 Best Places to Visit in Puerto Rico | Celebrity Cruises
May 30, 2025 · The best places to visit in Puerto Rico don’t just look good in the many pictures you’ll take home; they hit you right in the soul. It’s the kind of place where 500-year-old forts …
Puerto Rico - Wikipedia
Located about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida between the Dominican Republic in the Greater Antilles and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Lesser Antilles, it consists of …
25 Epic Things to Do in Puerto Rico in 2025
Apr 30, 2025 · Exploring Old San Juan, ziplining in El Yunque National Forest, and kayakaying on Bioluminescent Mosquito Bay are some of the most epic things to do in Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico | History, Geography, & Points of Interest | Britannica
4 days ago · Puerto Rico, self-governing island commonwealth of the West Indies, associated with the United States. The easternmost island of the Greater Antilles chain, it lies approximately …
Your Guide to Visit Puerto Rico | Discover Puerto Rico
Explore Puerto Rico with our Interactive Map—your ultimate guide to discovering the Island’s top attractions, hidden gems, and must-see destinations. Make the most of your travel to Puerto …
45 Best Things To Do In Puerto Rico (2025) - PuertoRico.com
As someone who has traveled the island far and wide, there are hidden gems and places you can go if you want the best experience Puerto Rico has to offer. In this article, I’ll list the 45 best …
20 Best Places to Visit in Puerto Rico - Travel
May 27, 2025 · Discover the best places to visit in Puerto Rico, from incredible beaches and uninhabited islets to historic cities and buzzing neighborhoods.
Puerto Rico - WorldAtlas
Feb 24, 2021 · Puerto Rico is one of the 3 inhabited territories in the Caribbean. It is territory in the northeast Caribbean Sea located about 1,600 km southeast of Miami. It is the largest and …
What To Do In Puerto Rico? | Puerto Rico Visitors Guide 2025
Apr 22, 2025 · Welcome to our comprehensive guide to Puerto Rico, a captivating island in the heart of the Caribbean. From the enchanting beauty of its landscapes and stunning beaches …
Welcome to Puerto Rico! History, Culture and Travel Information
Puerto Rico offers hundreds of activities for all interests and budgets—from historic sites and lush rainforests to bioluminescent bays and world-class beaches. Discover 500 years of rich …
12 Best Places to Visit in Puerto Rico | Celebrity Cruises
May 30, 2025 · The best places to visit in Puerto Rico don’t just look good in the many pictures you’ll take home; they hit you right in the soul. It’s the kind of place where 500-year-old forts …
