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| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Teaching Media Literacy with Social Media News Roy S. Whitehurst, 2024-08-30 Featuring tools, activities, and insightful stories from a CIA analyst and instructor with 30+ years’ of experience, this practical and engaging book supports busy educators to teach the lifelong skills of news and media literacy to their students. Based on existing curriculum and teaching standards, this guidebook shows how social studies and English language arts (ELA) teachers can build students’ confidence with social media evaluation skills, which are critical to engaging in civic discourse and building a stronger democracy. In Part 1, Whitehurst gives an overview of the media evaluation techniques based on those you would learn as a CIA analyst, including understanding how our biases and mindset make us vulnerable to disinformation, learning how media tries to persuade us, checking facts, and spotting disinformation. Part 2 dives deeper by showing teachers how learners can check if an argument on social media is valid, and how fallacies and manipulation tactics in online arguments can complicate this important skill. It is illustrated by examples from social media and contemporary popular culture in different mediums, including videos, photos, memes, and AI-generated content. You can also find fresh and updated social media examples on the author’s website, News Literacy Sleuth. Packed with practical classroom resources, examples from popular culture, and engaging insights into the CIA analyst role, this book is designed to support middle and high school teachers with news and media literacy in social studies, civic education, and ELA. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Fallacy Detective Nathaniel Bluedorn, Hans Bluedorn, 2015-04-04 The Fallacy Detective has been the best selling text for teaching logical fallacies and introduction to logic for over 15 years. Can learning logic be fun? With The Fallacy Detective it appears that it can be. I thoroughly enjoyed this book and would recommend it to anyone who wants to improve his reasoning skills.--Tim Challies, curriculum reviewer Cartoon and comic illustrations, humorous examples, and a very reader-friendly writing style make this the sort of course students will enjoy.--Cathy Duffy, homeschool curriculum reviewer I really like The Fallacy Detective because it has funny cartoons, silly stories, and teaches you a lot!--11 Year Old What is a fallacy? A fallacy is an error in logic a place where someone has made a mistake in his thinking. This is a handy book for learning to spot common errors in reasoning. - For ages twelve through adult. - Fun to use -- learn skills you can use right away. - Peanuts, Dilbert, and Calvin and Hobbes cartoons. - Includes The Fallacy Detective Game. - Exercises with answer key. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Language of Persuasion in Politics and the Media Alan Partington, 2025-07-09 This bestselling introductory textbook examines the relationship between politicians, the press and the public through the language they employ. Now fully revised with new material on delegitimisation, ‘fake news’, disinformation, (self-)censorship, ‘conspiracy theories’ and ‘Zombie’ narratives, key topics include: • Evaluation, the ‘engine’ of persuasion. • ‘Spin’, ‘spin control’ and ‘image’ politics. • Models of persuasion, including authority, contrast, problem-solution, association, ‘garden path.’ • Pseudo-logical and ‘post-truth’ arguments. • Humour, irony and satire. • Metaphors: use, misuse and dangers. • Election rhetoric. Extracts from speeches, soundbites, newspapers and blogs, social media, interviews, press conferences, election slogans and satires are used to provide the reader with the tools to discover the beliefs, character and hidden strategies of the would-be persuader, as well as the counter-strategies of their targets. This book demonstrates how the study of language use can help us appreciate, exploit and protect ourselves from the art of persuasion. With a wide variety of practical examples, on both recent issues and historically significant ones, every topic is complemented with guiding tasks, queries and exercises, with keys and commentaries at the end of each unit. This highly original textbook is ideal for all introductory courses on language and politics, media language, rhetoric and persuasion, discourse studies and related areas. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion Randal Marlin, 2002-08-02 This book aims to develop a sophisticated understanding of propaganda. It begins with a brief history of early Western propaganda, including Ancient Greek classical theories of rhetoric and the art of persuasion, and traces its development through the Christian era, the rise of the nation-state, World War I, Nazism, and Communism. The core of the book examines the ethical implications of various forms of persuasion, not only hate propaganda but also insidious elements of more generally acceptable communication such as advertising, public relations, and government information, setting these in the context of freedom of expression. Propaganda and the Ethics of Persuasion examines the art of persuasion but it also hopes to establish a self-defense resistance to propaganda. As Jacques Ellul warned in 1980, any new technology enters into an already existing class system and can be expected to develop in a way favourable to the dominant interests of that system. The merger of AOL and Time-Warner confirms the likelihood of corporate interests dominating the future of the Internet, but the Internet has also opened up new possibilities for a politically effective counter-culture, as was demonstrated at the meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle in late 1999 and numerous similar gatherings since. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Art of Reasoning: An Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking David Kelley, 2013-10 Students learn logic by practicing it by working through problems, analyzing existing arguments, and constructing their own arguments in plain language and symbolic notation. The Art of Reasoning not only introduces the principles of critical thinking and logic in a clear, accessible, and logical manner thus practicing what it preaches but it also provides ample opportunity for students to hone their skills and master course content. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Aristotle on fallacies, or the Sophistici elenchi Aristotle, 1866 |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Argument, Inference and Dialectic R.C. Pinto, 2013-03-14 Chapters 1-12 of this volume contain the papers on infonnal logic and argumentation that I've published and/or read at conferences over the last 17 years. These papers are reproduced here pretty much unchanged from their first appearance; it is my intention that their appearance here constitute a record of my positions and arguments at the time of their original publication or delivery. I've made minor changes in fonnat, in the style of references, etc., for the sake of consistency; I've also corrected typographical errors and the like. The only extensive changes in wording occur in the last few pages of Chapter 7, and were made only to enable the reader to see more clearly what I was getting at in my first attempt to write about the notion of coherence. Chapter 13 was written expressly for this volume. It looks retrospectively at the contents of the first 12 chapters and attempts to highlight the unifying themes that run through them. It also revisits the ideas about dialectic that occupied my first in light of later developments in my thinking but also re paper, reworking them emphasizing themes about which I've tended to remain silent in the last few years. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Economic Facts and Fallacies Thomas Sowell, 2011-03-22 Thomas Sowell's indispensable examination of the most popular economic fallacies In Economic Facts and Fallacies, Thomas Sowell exposes some of the most popular fallacies about economic issues in a lively manner that does not require any prior knowledge of economics. These fallacies include many beliefs widely disseminated in the media and by politicians, such as fallacies about urban problems, income differences, male-female economic differences, as well as economic fallacies about academia, about race, and about Third World countries. Sowell shows that fallacies are not simply crazy ideas but in fact have a certain plausibility that gives them their staying power--and makes careful examination of their flaws both necessary and important. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: A Woman's Guide to Knowing What You Believe Patty Houser, 2015-09-29 For All Women Who Want Faith that Engages Their Hearts and Minds God has given every woman the ability to have an extraordinary faith--one that involves both the heart and the mind. Yet many women's faith is grounded solely in their hearts, leaving them unable to defend their faith or susceptible to the latest spiritual fads. In this book, Patty includes real-life stories and examples, including her own experience coming to Christ after a ten-year search for truth. She reveals how beliefs are not just about the intellect--they play an active role in behavior, in relationships, and in families. Finally, she demonstrates how you can share and defend your faith to those you love in a persuasive yet relational way. Includes questions for personal study and large or small groups. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Thinking Critically about Media and Politics Donald Lazere, 2015-11-17 This book offers a critical introduction to the media as well as a “self defense” against the “spin” of politicians, advertising, and assorted propagandists. Its interdisciplinary application of principles of critical thinking and argumentative rhetoric can be incorporated into a diverse range of college courses, including communication, journalism, rhetoric, and media criticism. Lazere offers a basic guide to and critique of the semantic complexities of terms such as liberal, conservative, left, and right as well as related words like democracy, freedom, capitalism, and socialism. He provides student guides for understanding opposing viewpoints between conservative and liberal polemicists on controversial issues in current politics and media, such as the nation’s wealth gap, including the rhetoric of economic arguments and the use and interpretation of statistics. His book offers insights into understanding the positions behind many other well-publicized debates in American society - from women’s rights to racial attitudes to the role of government. Lazere provides students with tools for understanding and argumentation, showing how to recognize logical fallacies, verbal slanting, and emotional appeal through connotative language - and how to discern intentions behind political and other advertisements. In contrast to most textbooks’ approach to logical fallacies that assumes they result only from unintentional lapses in reasoning, this book confronts the hard truth that real-life arguments frequently are tainted by deliberate deception. Chapter 3 surveys various influences on political bias in the media, while Chapter 4 examines special pleading, conflicts of interest, invective, smearing, and hype—as propagated by sources like lobbies, public relations agencies, think tanks, advocacy, and political advertising. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Bad Arguments Robert Arp, Steven Barbone, Michael Bruce, 2018-10-29 A timely and accessible guide to 100 of the most infamous logical fallacies in Western philosophy, helping readers avoid and detect false assumptions and faulty reasoning You’ll love this book or you’ll hate it. So, you’re either with us or against us. And if you’re against us then you hate books. No true intellectual would hate this book. Ever decide to avoid a restaurant because of one bad meal? Choose a product because a celebrity endorsed it? Or ignore what a politician says because she’s not a member of your party? For as long as people have been discussing, conversing, persuading, advocating, proselytizing, pontificating, or otherwise stating their case, their arguments have been vulnerable to false assumptions and faulty reasoning. Drawing upon a long history of logical falsehoods and philosophical flubs, Bad Arguments demonstrates how misguided arguments come to be, and what we can do to detect them in the rhetoric of others and avoid using them ourselves. Fallacies—or conclusions that don’t follow from their premise—are at the root of most bad arguments, but it can be easy to stumble into a fallacy without realizing it. In this clear and concise guide to good arguments gone bad, Robert Arp, Steven Barbone, and Michael Bruce take readers through 100 of the most infamous fallacies in Western philosophy, identifying the most common missteps, pitfalls, and dead-ends of arguments gone awry. Whether an instance of sunk costs, is ought, affirming the consequent, moving the goal post, begging the question, or the ever-popular slippery slope, each fallacy engages with examples drawn from contemporary politics, economics, media, and popular culture. Further diagrams and tables supplement entries and contextualize common errors in logical reasoning. At a time in our world when it is crucial to be able to identify and challenge rhetorical half-truths, this bookhelps readers to better understand flawed argumentation and develop logical literacy. Unrivaled in its breadth of coverage and a worthy companion to its sister volume Just the Arguments (2011), Bad Arguments is an essential tool for undergraduate students and general readers looking to hone their critical thinking and rhetorical skills. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Media and Communication Research Methods Arthur Asa Berger, 2018-12-27 This step-by-step introduction to conducting media and communication research offers practical insights along with the author’s signature lighthearted style to make discussion of qualitative and quantitative methods easy to comprehend. The Fifth Edition of Media and Communication Research Methods includes a new chapter on discourse analysis; expanded discussion of social media, including discussion of the ethics of Facebook experiments; and expanded coverage of the research process with new discussion of search strategies and best practices for analyzing research articles. Ideal for research students at both the graduate and undergraduate level, this proven book is clear, concise, and accompanied by just the right number of detailed examples, useful applications, and valuable exercises to help students to understand, and master, media and communication research. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry David Semple, Roger Smyth, 2019-07-30 This new fourth edition of the Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry is the essential, evidence-based companion to all aspects of psychiatry, from diagnosis and conducting a clinical interview to management by subspecialty. Fully updated to reflect changes to the legislature and classification of psychiatric disorders, and with coverage of the anticipated ICD-11 coding, this Handbook provides the latest advances in both clinical practice and management today. As in previous editions, the Handbook is indexed alphabetically by ICD-10 and DSM-5 codes,as well as a list of acute presentations for quick access in emergency situations. The practical layout helps the reader in making clinical diagnosis, and suggested differential diagnosis makes this title an invaluable guide to provide reassurance to health professionals when dealing with psychiatric issues. With a new chapter on Neuropsychiatry and a re-written section on gender dysphoria to reflect the biological and cultural developments in understanding and research since the previous edition, and filled with clinical observations, guidance, and commentary that reflects the authors' practical experiences of working in psychiatry, this Handbook is the indispensable guide for all trainee and practising psychiatrists. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Criminal Profiling Brent E. Turvey, 2011-03-09 Focused on Behavioral Evidence Analysis (BEA), a method of criminal profiling developed and refined by the author over the past 15 years, the fourth edition of Criminal Profiling maintains the same core foundation that made previous editions best sellers in the professional and academic community worldwide. Written from practicing behavioral analysts and aspiring students alike, this work emphasizes an honest understanding of crime and criminals. Newly updated, mechanisms for the examination and classification of both victim and offender behavior have been improved. In addition to refined approaches towards victimology, crime scene analysis, motivation and case linkage, a chapter on sexual deviance has been added as well. With prior edition in wide use as a primary text in criminal justice, law, criminology, and behavioral science programs around the world, Criminal Profiling, Fourth Edition remains essential for students and professionals alike. - Outlines the scientific principles and practice standards of BEA-oriented criminal profiling, with an emphasis on applying theory to real cases - Contributing authors from law enforcement, academic, mental health and forensic science communities provide a balance perspective - Complete glossary of key termsCompanion Web site includes all appendices from previous volumes and figure collection at http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123852434 - Manual Web site provides an instructor's manual for each chapter, powerpoint slideshows, and case reports from Brent Turvey's work |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Explanation, Causation and Deduction Fred Wilson, 2012-12-06 The purpose of this essay is to defend the deductive-nomological model of explanation against a number of criticisms that have been made of it. It has traditionally been thought that scientific explanations were causal and that scientific explanations involved deduction from laws. In recent years, however, this three-fold identity has been challenged: there are, it is argued, causal explanations that are not scientific, scientific explanations that are not deductive, deductions from laws that are neither causal explanations nor scientific explanations, and causal explanations that involve no deductions from laws. The aim of the present essay is to defend the traditional identities, and to show that the more recent attempts at invalidating them fail in their object. More specifically, this essay argues that a Humean version of the deductive-nomological model of explanation can be defended as (1) the correct account of scientific explanation of individual facts and processes, and as (2) the correct account of causal explanations of individual facts and processes. The deductive-nomological model holds that to explain an event E, say that a is G, one must find some initial conditions C, say that a is F, and a law or theory T such that T and C jointly entail E, and both are essential to the deduction. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Fighting Falsehoods Irene Rubin, 2022-06-23 This book offers the reader tools to recognize, analyze, and fight back against the fake news, misinformation, and disinformation that come at us from every corner. This volume: Uses real, lively examples to help readers detect fake news, false claims, suspicious information/data, biased reporting, and hate speech; Demonstrates through case studies where to look for information, what to look for, how to analyze the logic/illogic involved, and uncover the truth value of a story; Discusses fact-checking sites, what they examine, and their reliability; Provides examples and analyzes the components, purposes, and consequences of conspiracy theories; Illustrates the tricks of using numbers/data to mislead readers; Explains what to look for to help decide whether to believe the conclusions of stories based on surveys; Offers a range of concrete, effective responses to dangerous, exaggerated, distorted, and false narratives; Examines policy responses to fake news, disinformation, and misinformation across the world. A key manual to negotiate the information age, this book will be essential reading for students, scholars, and professionals of journalism and mass communication, public policy, politics, and the social sciences. It will also be an indispensable handbook for the lay reader. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Mixed-Effects Regression Models in Linguistics Dirk Speelman, Kris Heylen, Dirk Geeraerts, 2018-02-07 When data consist of grouped observations or clusters, and there is a risk that measurements within the same group are not independent, group-specific random effects can be added to a regression model in order to account for such within-group associations. Regression models that contain such group-specific random effects are called mixed-effects regression models, or simply mixed models. Mixed models are a versatile tool that can handle both balanced and unbalanced datasets and that can also be applied when several layers of grouping are present in the data; these layers can either be nested or crossed. In linguistics, as in many other fields, the use of mixed models has gained ground rapidly over the last decade. This methodological evolution enables us to build more sophisticated and arguably more realistic models, but, due to its technical complexity, also introduces new challenges. This volume brings together a number of promising new evolutions in the use of mixed models in linguistics, but also addresses a number of common complications, misunderstandings, and pitfalls. Topics that are covered include the use of huge datasets, dealing with non-linear relations, issues of cross-validation, and issues of model selection and complex random structures. The volume features examples from various subfields in linguistics. The book also provides R code for a wide range of analyses. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Beyond the War on Drugs Steven Wisotsky, 1990-03 This provocative and controversial book rejects the popular pablum of more laws, more money, more enforcement personnel, and more jails as the road to victory in the war on drugs. Author Steven Wisotsky masterfully documents the failure of the drug war and the erroneous premise central to its destructive and doomed strategy: the idea that drug taking controls human behavior; that drugs cause physical dependency. Americans must move beyond the war on drugs by repudiating their obsessive preoccupation with controlling or prohibiting drugs. Instead, we must replace this mindset with a new view that acknowledges individual freedom and the power of directing our choices toward responsible human behavior. According to Wisotsky, the idea of waging war on drugs is central to the problem rather than a fundamental part of any solution. He takes the Reagan-Bush-Bennett campaign to task for its failed efforts to cut the supply of drugs, reduce public demand, and enforce laws regarding the sale and distribution of controlled substances. Wisotsky contends that the war on drugs will remain inadequate so long as society continues to be seduced by the battle cries of its own stepped-up combat in which the enemy (drugs) must be eradicated at all cost. The rationale for doing battle has become so embedded in the public mind that we no longer recognize the need for a critical review of social policy, strategy, or the methods needed to achieve our desired goals. Have we simply created a new type of Prohibition, which is destined to fail? And if this is the case, then what does it say about our society? Have we lost the ability to reflect critically on our social motives and purposes, as well as our justification for the actions we take, simply because we've declared war on the enemy and we aren't going to stop the good fight until we've won? Beyond the War on Drugs offers hard-hitting arguments to support the growing public opinion that this war, as it is currently conceived, cannot be won and ought not to be fought. Wisotsky argues persuasively for a reassessment of this struggle. We must go beyond the war on drugs to develop a public policy that acknowledges human intelligence, free choice, and individual responsibility. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Anyone Who Has a View F.H. van Eemeren, J. Anthony Blair, Charles A. Willard, A. Francisca Snoeck Henkemans, 2012-12-06 This volume of the Argumentation Library contains a collection of twenty-six theor etical contributions to the study of argumentation. Together they provide an over view of recent developments in the theory of argumentation which does justice to the theoretical variety in the field. InAnyone Who Has a View, the subject of argu mentation is approached from different angles. Both the formal and informal logical approaches and the rhetorical and communicative approaches arc represented in various ways. We arc convinced that the collection of essays as a whole will be of interest not only to those engaged directly in the study of argumentation, but also to scholars from a variety of disciplines who arc interested in the recent developments in this field. The book opens with an essay by the informal logician Robert C. Pinto. For all the differences between them, James B. Freeman, Harvey Siegel, Ralph H. Johnson, Hans V. Hansen, and J. Anthony Blair are also prominent members of that move ment. Some informal logicians either eschew or simply do not use formal methods in their approach to argumentation, while others, such as David Hitchcock, use both formal and informal methods. Erik C.W. Krabbe is a logician who proudly defends a formal dialectical approach to argumentation. Daniel H. Cohen, Frans H. van Eemeren, Peter Houtlosser, Fred J. Kauffeld, C. Scott Jacobs, Christian Kock, Christian Plantin, Sorin Stati, Chris Reed, Douglas N. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Take Two Aspirin and Call Me By My Pronouns Stanley Goldfarb MD, 2022-03-29 American healthcare is at risk as radical politics increasingly supplant proven methods for the admission and training of medical students. These changes in medical education and practice threaten to dramatically alter the relationship between doctors and patients. In the aftermath of the death of George Floyd in 2020, medical schools across the country raced to adopt increased diversity mandates and anti-racism training. Based on the false charge that the healthcare system is biased against minority groups, medical deans and trustees rushed to institute sweeping reforms that will dramatically reduce the quality of medical training and upend the traditional doctor-patient relationship. According to Dr. Stanley Goldfarb, a longtime medical researcher and educator with extensive clinical experience, these changes coincide with already lowered standards, such as grade inflation and demands for “socially relevant” curricula that have nothing to do with the care of actual patients. In this coruscating lament for the decline of American medicine, Goldfarb debunks the myth of a “racist” healthcare system and shows how elevating diversity above merit will produce substandard healthcare for all Americans—regardless of race. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: A Commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV David Asheri, Alan Lloyd, Aldo Corcella, 2007-08-30 Herodotus, one of the earliest and greatest of Western prose authors, set out in the late fifth century BC to describe the world as he knew it. This commentary by leading scholars, originally published in Italian, has been fully revised by the original authors and is now presented for English readers. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: MMR and Autism Michael Fitzpatrick, 2004-08-02 The MMR controversy has been characterized by two one-sided discourses. In the medical world, the weight of opinion is overwhelmingly in favour of MMR. In the public world, the anti-MMR campaign has a much greater influence, centred on the fears of parents that the triple vaccine may cause autism in their children. Both professionals and parents struggle to cope with the anxieties this creates, but find it difficult to find a balanced account of the issues. In MMR and Autism Michael Fitzpatrick, a general practitioner who is also the parent of an autistic child, explains why he believes the anti-MMR campaign is misguided in a way that will reassure parents considering vaccination and also relieve the anxieties of parents of autistic children. At the same time, this informative book provides health care professionals and health studies students with an accessible overview of a contemporary health issue with significant policy implications. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Earliest Stage of Language Planning Joshua A. Fishman, 2011-05-03 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Quran & Science JAMIR AHMED CHOUDHURY, 2020-08-22 All that is in the West Horizon [Strong Field or Samawaat or White Dwarf Companion Sirius B or Substratum of Astronomy and Astrophysics] and in the East Horizon [Gravitational Field or Arz or Sirius A or Substratum of Physics] glorifies Allah. To Him belong Sovereignty, and to Him belong praise, and He has power over all things. It is He Who has created you. “Huwallazii khalaqakum fa-minkum Kaafirumw-wa minkum Mu-min” - But one of you is a disbeliever [of Natural Science Unmixed with Man-made Technology], and one of you is a believer [of Natural Science Unmixed with Man-made Technology]. And Allah is Seer of what you do. [Sura (63) – Yawmut-tagaabun – Verses - 1 & 2] |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Projective Assessment Robert R. Holt, 2013-03-09 I do not think of myself as primarily interested in method, but in the substance of psychology. Nevertheless, our discipline has such difficulties in coming to grips with its substance that I have found myself getting involved in fww to do it persistently and since the beginning of my career. That career has been divided between diagnosis and research, the balance between them swinging gradually from the former to the latter. To the astonishment of many of my students and colleagues, I have never become a psychotherapist nor a psychoanalyst, though I have looked closely over the shoulders of many friends at their work, have attended continuous case seminars, and have participated in research on psychotherapy and psychoanalysis enough to feel that I have a pretty good grasp of what that kind of endeavor is like. So I have been writing about method, diagnostic and investigative, for over 25 years, and was happy to accept the suggestion of Seymour Weingar ten, of Plenum Press, that I publish a collection of these papers. What has ended up as two volumes was originally conceived as one, for I feel that there is more similarity of method in assessment, prediction, and research than appears on the surface. The General Introduction and Chapter 1 of Volume 1 state the point of view of the entire work. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Academic Writing, Real World Topics - Concise Edition Michael Rectenwald, Lisa Carl, 2016-07-20 Academic Writing, Real World Topics fills a void in the writing-across-the-curriculum textbook market. It draws together articles and essays of actual academic prose as opposed to journalism; it arranges material by topic instead of by discipline or academic division; and it approaches topics from multiple disciplinary and critical perspectives.With extensive introductions, rhetorical instruction, and suggested additional resources accompanying each chapter, Academic Writing, Real World Topics introduces students to the kinds of research and writing that they will be expected to undertake throughout their college careers and beyond. This concise edition provides all the features of the complete edition in a more compact and affordable format. Key Features: - Contemporary, cutting-edge readings on relevant topics - Extensive cross-referencing between the rhetoric and the reader to help students make connections - Full-length essays rather than excerpts - Chapter introductions that put readings in context and promote interdisciplinary connections - Sample student essays to demonstrate student contribution - “As You Read” guides to each chapter that encourage readers to locate points of contact among readings - Questions after each reading that enable comprehension, help students identify rhetorical moves, and prompt oral and written response |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Is That a Fact? Revised Edition Mark Battersby, 2013-06-06 We are inundated by scientific and statistical information, but what should we believe? How much should we trust the polls on the latest electoral campaign? When a physician tells us that a diagnosis of cancer is 90% certain or a scientist informs us that recent studies support global warming, what should we conclude? How can we acquire reliable statistical information? Once we have it, how do we evaluate it? Despite the importance of these questions to our lives, many of us have only a vague idea of how to answer them. In this admirably clear and engaging book, Mark Battersby provides a practical guide to thinking critically about scientific and statistical information. The goal of the book is not only to explain how to identify misleading statistical information, but also to give readers the understanding necessary to evaluate and use statistical and statistically based scientific information in their own decision making. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry , 1968 Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Fertility and Sterility R.F. Harrison, J. Bonnar, W. Thompson, 2012-12-06 The International Federation of Fertility Societies XI World Congress on Fertility and Sterility took place in Ireland at the Royal Dublin Society from the 26th June-1st July, 1983. Some 1900 delegates repre senting 54 countries attended the social and scientific programme in glorious weather that showed off the unsurpassable rare beauty of Dublin and Ireland, so often hidden in mist and rain. The book begins with the full inaugural address to the Conference by Dr A. Kessler, Head of the WHO Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. It then records scientific contributions presented in the main themes of the Congress, followed by synopses of deliberations from workshops held during the course of the meeting. Papers from four special symposia are included, which acknowledge the debt IFFS Dublin '83 owes the World Health Organization and our colleagues in the pharmaceutical industry. The large number and excellent standard of the related communications is such that they deserve publication in separate appropriate volumes. These are already in preparation. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Evaluation in Planning Nathaniel Lichfield, Angela Barbanente, Dino Borri, Abdul Khakee, Anna Prat, 2013-03-09 This book is the result of a three day workshop on Evaluation in theory and practice in spatial planning held in Ramsey Hall, University College London, in September 1996. Some 30 people from 8 different countries attended and 20 papers were presented. The majority of them now form the basis for this book. This occasion was the third on the topic, the two preceding having taken place in Umea in June 1992 and in Bari in 1994. Following these three meetings, we can now say that this small, industrious, international family really enjoy meeting up from time to time at each others places, in the presence of older members and new children, each one presenting his/her own recent experiences. It particularly enjoys exchanging views and arguing about the current state and the future of evaluation in spatial planning (all families have their vices ... ). It is also pleasing to see these experiences and discussions resulting in a book for those who could not attend and for the broader clan inthe field. Not long time ago, but ages in the accelerated academic time scale, evaluation in planning established its own role and distinct features as an instrument for helping the decision-making process. Now this role and these features are exposed to major challenges. First, the evolution of planning theory has lead to the conception of new planning paradigms, based on theories of complexity and communicative rationality. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Argumentation and Education Nathalie Muller Mirza, Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont, 2009-06-19 During the last decade, argumentation has attracted growing attention as a means to elicit processes (linguistic, logical, dialogical, psychological, etc.) that can sustain or provoke reasoning and learning. Constituting an important dimension of daily life and of professional activities, argumentation plays a special role in democracies and is at the heart of philosophical reasoning and scientific inquiry. Argumentation, as such, requires specific intellectual and social skills. Hence, argumentation will have an increasing importance in education, both because it is a critical competence that has to be learned, and because argumentation can be used to foster learning in philosophy, history, sciences and in many other domains. Argumentation and Education answers these and other questions by providing both theoretical backgrounds, in psychology, education and theory of argumentation, and concrete examples of experiments and results in school contexts in a range of domains. It reports on existing innovative practices in education settings at various levels. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Biological Evolution of Religious Mind and Behavior Eckart Voland, Wulf Schiefenhövel, 2009-08-12 In a Darwinian world, religious behavior - just like other behaviors - is likely to have undergone a process of natural selection in which it was rewarded in the evolutionary currency of reproductive success. This book aims to provide a better understanding of the social scenarios in which selection pressure led to religious practices becoming an evolved human trait, i.e. an adaptive answer to the conditions of living and surviving that prevailed among our prehistoric ancestors. This aim is pursued by a team of expert authors from a range of disciplines. Their contributions examine the relevant physiological, emotional, cognitive and social processes. The resulting understanding of the functional interplay of these processes gives valuable insights into the biological roots and benefits of religion. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Death of Argument J.H. Woods, 2013-11-09 The present work is a fair record of work I've done on the fallacies and related matters in the fifteen years since 1986. The book may be seen as a sequel to Fallacies: Selected papers 1972-1982, which I wrote with Douglas Walton, and which appeared in 1989 with Foris. This time I am on my own. Douglas Walton has, long since, found his own voice, as the saying has it; and so have I. Both of us greatly value the time we spent performing duets, but we also recognize the attractions of solo work. If I had to characterize the difference that has manifested itself in our later work, I would venture that Walton has strayed more, and I less, from what has come to be called the Woods-Walton Approach to the study of fallacies. Perhaps, on reflection stray is not the word for it, inasmuch as Walton's deviation from and my fidelity to the WWA are serious matters of methodological principle. The WWA was always conceived of as a way of handling the analysis of various kinds of fallacious argument or reasoning. It was a response to a particular challenge [Hamblin, 1970]. The challenge was that since logicians had allowed the investigation of fallacious reasoning to fall into disgraceful disarray, it was up to them to put things right. Accordingly, the WWA sought these repairs amidst the rich pluralisms of logic in the 1970s and beyond. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Problem of Certainty in English Thought 1630–1690 Henry G. van Leeuwen, 2012-12-06 The revival of ancient Greek scepticism in the 16th and 17th centuries was of the greatest importance in changing the intellectual climate in which modern science developed, and in developing the attitude that we now call The scientific outlook. Many streams of thought came together contributing to various facets of this crucial development. One of the most fascinating of these is that of constructive scepticism, the history of one of whose forms is traced in this study by Prof. Van Leeuwen. The sceptical crisis that arose during the Renaissance and Refor mation challenged the fundamental principles of the many areas of man's intellectual world, in philosophy, theology, humane and moral studies, and the sciences. The devastating weapons of classical scep ticism were employed to undermine man's confidence in his ability to discover truth in any area whatsoever by use of the human faculties of the senses and reason. These sceptics indicated that there was no area in which human beings could gain any certain knowledge, and that the effort to do so was fruitless, vain, presumptuous, and perhaps even blasphemous. StaI'ting with the writings of Hen ric us Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (1486-1535) and Michel de Montaigne (1533-92), a thoroughly destructive sceptical movement developed, attacking both the old and the new science, philosophy and theology, and insisting that true and certain knowledge can only be gained by Revelation. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Handbook of Political Behavior Samuel Long, 2013-11-11 On Revolutions That Never Were If you want to understand what a science is, the anthropologist Clifford Geertz (1973, p. 5) has written, you should look in the first instance not at its theories or its findings, and certainly not at what its apologists say about it; you should look at what the practitioners of it do. If it is not always possible to follow this instruction, it is because the rate of change in scientific work is rapid and the growth of publications reporting on this work is great. It is therefore the task of a handbook, like this Hand book of Political Behavior, to summarize and evaluate what the practi tioners report. But it is always prudent to keep in mind that a handbook is only a shortcut and that there is no substitute for looking directly at what the practitioners of a science do. For when scientists are at work (Walter, 1971), the image of what they are doing is often quite different from that conveyed in the briefs that, in their own way, make a hand book so valuable that we cannot do without it. These reflections set the stage. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Book of Extraordinary New Sherlock Holmes Stories Maxim Jakubowski, 2020-11-24 Holmes and Watson return in new detective stories by David Stuart Davies, Lavie Tidhar, Mark Mower, and more: “Highly recommended.” —Lee Child, author of the Jack Reacher novels This cornucopia of dark deeds, deduction, and derring-do contains never-before-published stories featuring Sherlock Holmes and other favorite Conan Doyle characters—written by some of today’s best mystery and thriller writers and collected by one of the genre’s eminent editors. Contributors include: Jon Courtenay Grimwood * Lavie Tidhar * David Stuart Davies * John Grant * Rose Biggins * David N. Smith * O’Neil De Noux * Rhys Hughes * Catherine Lundoff * Mark Mower * Matthew Booth * Martin Daley * Jan Edwards * Ashley Lister * Keith Brooke * Naching T.Kassa * Phillip Vine * Bev Vincent * Keith Moray * Nick Sweet “Lavie Tidhar provides a tantalizing puzzle in ‘The Adventure of the Milford Silkworms,’ in which a female client appeals for help understanding the connection between an assault on a botanist and goats acting oddly. Bev Vincent’s ‘Bloody Sunday’ posits a clever plot behind one of the most notorious real-life riots of the Victorian era.” —Publishers Weekly “Sometimes a brief zap of great writing is just what you’re in the mood for or have time for. That’s when anthologies like his are ideal...intellectually outstanding.” —New York Journal of Books “The best short mystery and crime fiction of the year.” —Leonard Carpenter, author of Lusitania Lost |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Use of Human Beings in Research S.F. Spicker, I. Alon, A. de Vries, H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr., 2012-12-06 This volume, which has developed from the Fourteenth Trans Disciplinary Symposium on Philosophy and Medicine, September 5-8, 1982, at Tel Aviv University, Israel, contains the contributions of a group of distinguished scholars who together examine the ethical issues raised by the advance of biomedical science and technology. We are, of course, still at the beginning of a revolution in our understanding of human biology; scientific medicine and clinical research are scarcely one hundred years old. Both the sciences and the technology of medicine until ten or fifteen years ago had the feeling of the 19th century about them; we sense that they belonged to an older time; that era is ending. The next twenty-five to fifty years of investigative work belong to neurobiology, genetics, and reproductive biology. The technologies of information processing and imaging will make diagnosis and treatment almost incomprehensible by my generation of physicians. Our science and technology will become so powerful that we shall require all of the art and wisdom we can muster to be sure that they remain dedicated, as Francis Bacon hoped four centuries ago, to the uses of life. It is well that, as philosophers and physicians, we grapple with the issues now when they are relatively simple, and while the pace of change is relatively slow. We require a strategy for the future; that strategy must be worked out by scientists, philosophers, physicians, lawyers, theologians, and, I should like to add, artists and poets. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: The Codification of Medical Morality R.B. Baker, 2007-08-26 Like many novel ideas, the idea for this volume and its predecessor arose over lunch in the cafeteria of the old Wellcome Institute. On an atternoon in Sept- ber 1988, Dorothy and Roy Porter, and I, sketched out a plan for a set of conf- ences in which scholars from a variety of disciplines would explore the emergence of modern medical ethics in the English-speaking world: from its pre-history in the quarrels that arose as gentlemanly codes of etiquette and honor broke down under the pressure of the eighteenth-century sick trade, to the Enlightenment ethics of John Gregory and Thomas Percival, to the American appropriation process that culminated in the American Medical Association's 1847 Code of Ethics, and to the British turn to medical jurisprudence in the 1858 Medical Act. Roy Porter formally presented our idea as a plan for two back-to-back c- ferences to the Wellcome Trust, and I presented it to the editors of the PHI- LOSOPHY AND MEDICINE series, H. Tristram Engeihardt, Jr. and Stuart Spicker. The reception from both parties was enthusiastic and so, with the financial backing of the former and a commitment to publication from the latter, Roy Porter, ably assisted by Frieda Hauser and Steven Emberton, - ganized two conferences. The first was held at the Wellcome Institute in - cember 1989; the second was sponsored by the Wellcome, but was actually held in the National Hospital, in December 1990. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: AMO AMAS AMAT & MORE Eugene Ehrlich, 1985 A witty and entertaining guide to the use of Latin expressions for one's own advantage in the modern world. |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc examples in media: Metacontent Ashkan Tashvir, 2024-07-26 How do you make sense of the world and everything in it? Imagine possessing the ability to delve into the depths of why you make sense of existence and everything in it as you do and then act accordingly. Would you be able to move past current limitations, actual or perceived? Could you identify new opportunities you hadn’t seen before? Would you understand yourself, others and the world in a more comprehensive and accurate way? In a world overflowing with information, rife with confusion and inauthenticities, and where quick fixes and superficial solutions are commonly favoured, the key to genuine comprehension and sustainable change lies deep beneath the surface. In METACONTENT, Ashkan Tashvir takes you on an insightful journey into the intricate multi-dimensional aspects of sense-making: how we interpret complex information and experiences to create meaning and navigate the world. Failing to adhere to a comprehensive sense-making process leads to further confusion, misunderstandings, suboptimal decisions, decision paralysis and missed opportunities, impacting your ability to lead a fulfilling and effective life. Tashvir not only synthesises a range of insights from science and philosophy but also introduces a disruptive metacontent discourse that dispels the myths, explores the profound depths of sense-making and reveals the intricate layers that shape our understanding of everything from material reality to abstract ideas and manufactured constructs and institutions. Discover the groundbreaking Nested Theory of Sense-making. Central to this book, Tashvir reveals his Nested Theory of Sense-making for the first time. This original concept provides a structured multilayered approach for navigating life’s complexities and transforming your analysis and decision-making abilities. METACONTENT follows Tashvir’s best-selling books BEING, HUMAN BEING and BECOMING – The Emergence of Being. |
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