Advertisement
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Flying Man: Aristotle, and the Philosophers of the Golden Age of Islam: Their Relevance Today Akbar Ahmed, 2021-06-15 In this inspiring book Professor Akbar Ahmed continues his personal quest of bridging the gap between the Orient and the West, as he did in his earlier books and projects. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: 1001 Inventions Salim T. S. Al-Hassani, 2012 Modern society owes a tremendous amount to the Muslim world for the many groundbreaking scientific and technological advances that were pioneered during the Golden Age of Muslim civilization between the 7th and 17th centuries. Every time you drink coffee, eat a three-course meal, get a whiff of your favorite perfume, take shelter in an earthquake-resistant structure, get a broken bone set or solve an algebra problem, it is in part due to the discoveries of Muslim civilization. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Lost Enlightenment S. Frederick Starr, 2015-06-02 The forgotten story of Central Asia's enlightenment—its rise, fall, and enduring legacy In this sweeping and richly illustrated history, S. Frederick Starr tells the fascinating but largely unknown story of Central Asia's medieval enlightenment through the eventful lives and astonishing accomplishments of its greatest minds—remarkable figures who built a bridge to the modern world. Because nearly all of these figures wrote in Arabic, they were long assumed to have been Arabs. In fact, they were from Central Asia—drawn from the Persianate and Turkic peoples of a region that today extends from Kazakhstan southward through Afghanistan, and from the easternmost province of Iran through Xinjiang, China. Lost Enlightenment recounts how, between the years 800 and 1200, Central Asia led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and, above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects. They gave algebra its name, calculated the earth's diameter with unprecedented precision, wrote the books that later defined European medicine, and penned some of the world's greatest poetry. One scholar, working in Afghanistan, even predicted the existence of North and South America—five centuries before Columbus. Rarely in history has a more impressive group of polymaths appeared at one place and time. No wonder that their writings influenced European culture from the time of St. Thomas Aquinas down to the scientific revolution, and had a similarly deep impact in India and much of Asia. Lost Enlightenment chronicles this forgotten age of achievement, seeks to explain its rise, and explores the competing theories about the cause of its eventual demise. Informed by the latest scholarship yet written in a lively and accessible style, this is a book that will surprise general readers and specialists alike. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Islamic Enlightenment Christopher de Bellaigue, 2017-02-23 SHORTLISTED FOR THE BAILLIE GIFFORD PRIZE 2017 'An eye-opening, well-written and very timely book' Yuval Noah Harari 'The best sort of book for our disordered days: timely, urgent and illuminating' Pankaj Mishra 'It strikes a blow...for common humanity' Sunday Times The Muslim world has often been accused of a failure to modernise and adapt. Yet in this sweeping narrative and provocative retelling of modern history, Christopher de Bellaigue charts the forgotten story of the Islamic Enlightenment – the social movements, reforms and revolutions that transfigured the Middle East from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Modern ideals and practices were embraced across the region, including the adoption of modern medicine, the emergence of women from purdah and the development of democracy. The Islamic Enlightenment looks behind the sensationalist headlines in order to foster a genuine understanding of Islam and its relationship to the West. It is essential reading for anyone engaged in the state of the world today. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment Ahmet T. Kuru, 2019-08-01 Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Lost History Michael Hamilton Morgan, 2008 Essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the major role played by the early Muslim world in influencing modern society, Lost History fills an important void. Written by an award-winning author and former diplomat with extensive experience in the Muslim world, it provides new insight not only into Islam's historic achievements but also the ancient resentments that fuel today's bitter conflicts. Michael Hamilton Morgan reveals how early Muslim advancements in science and culture lay the cornerstones of the European Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and modern Western society. As he chronicles the Golden Ages of Islam, beginning in 570 a.d. with the birth of Muhammad, and resonating today, he introduces scholars like Ibn Al-Haytham, Ibn Sina, Al-Tusi, Al-Khwarizmi, and Omar Khayyam, towering figures who revolutionized the mathematics, astronomy, and medicine of their time and paved the way for Newton, Copernicus, and many others. And he reminds us that inspired leaders from Muhammad to Suleiman the Magnificent and beyond championed religious tolerance, encouraged intellectual inquiry, and sponsored artistic, architectural, and literary works that still dazzle us with their brilliance. Lost History finally affords pioneering leaders with the proper credit and respect they so richly deserve. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Life of Ibn Sina , 1974-06-30 |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Reason, Freedom, & Democracy in Islam ʻAbd al-Karīm Surūsh, 2002 Soroush and his contemporaries in other Moslem countries are shaping what may become Islam's equivalent of the Christian Reformation: a period of questioning traditional practices and beliefs and, ultimately, of upheaval.. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Iranian Metaphysicals Alireza Doostdar, 2018-03-13 What do the occult sciences, séances with the souls of the dead, and appeals to saintly powers have to do with rationality? Since the late nineteenth century, modernizing intellectuals, religious leaders, and statesmen in Iran have attempted to curtail many such practices as superstitious, instead encouraging the development of rational religious sensibilities and dispositions. However, far from diminishing the diverse methods through which Iranians engage with the immaterial realm, these rationalizing processes have multiplied the possibilities for metaphysical experimentation. The Iranian Metaphysicals examines these experiments and their transformations over the past century. Drawing on years of ethnographic and archival research, Alireza Doostdar shows that metaphysical experimentation lies at the center of some of the most influential intellectual and religious movements in modern Iran. These forms of exploration have not only produced a plurality of rational orientations toward metaphysical phenomena but have also fundamentally shaped what is understood as orthodox Shi‘i Islam, including the forms of Islamic rationality at the heart of projects for building and sustaining an Islamic Republic. Delving into frequently neglected aspects of Iranian spirituality, politics, and intellectual inquiry, The Iranian Metaphysicals challenges widely held assumptions about Islam, rationality, and the relationship between science and religion. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Sophie's World Jostein Gaarder, 1994 The protagonists are Sophie Amundsen, a 14-year-old girl, and Alberto Knox, her philosophy teacher. The novel chronicles their metaphysical relationship as they study Western philosophy from its beginnings to the present. A bestseller in Norway. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Abbasid Caliphate Tayeb El-Hibri, 2021-04-22 A history of the Abbasid Caliphate from its foundation in 750 and golden age under Harun al-Rashid to the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258, this study examines the Caliphate as an empire and an institution, and its imprint on the society and culture of classical Islamic civilization. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Philosophers Who Changed History DK, 2025-03-04 This visual celebration of the world's most celebrated thinkers tells the fascinating stories of their lives and pioneering ideas. This book would be great if you are interested in philosophy, politics, history, and literature or would like to broaden your understanding of philosophy. Philosophers Who Changed History places well-known philosophers in their historical and cultural context, allowing you to see how they came to influence philosophy. In this edition, you can find: -An overview of the lives and works of around 80 of the world's most influential philosophers - from the Classical era to the present -Eight pages of brand-new content with 12 new entries, including Frederick Douglass and Luce Irigaray -Lavishly illustrated portraits of each philosopher, alongside photographs of their homes, studies, and personal artefacts Each philosopher is introduced with a realistic portrait and biographical entries which trace the friendships, loves, and rivalries that inspired and influenced them. Entries explore the key ideas and working methods of each individual and set their ideas in context, conveying a powerful sense of the place and the period of history in which they lived. Philosophers Who Changed History provides revealing insights into what drove each individual to develop new ways of understanding the world. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran Sarah Bowen Savant, 2013-09-30 How do converts to a religion come to feel an attachment to it? The New Muslims of Post-Conquest Iran answers this important question for Iran by focusing on the role of memory and its revision and erasure in the ninth to eleventh centuries. During this period, the descendants of the Persian imperial, religious and historiographical traditions not only wrote themselves into starkly different early Arabic and Islamic accounts of the past but also systematically suppressed much knowledge about pre-Islamic history. The result was both a new 'Persian' ethnic identity and the pairing of Islam with other loyalties and affiliations, including family, locale and sect. This pioneering study examines revisions to memory in a wide range of cases, from Iran's imperial and administrative heritage to the Prophet Muhammad's stalwart Persian companion, Salman al-Farisi, and to memory of Iranian scholars, soldiers and rulers in the mid-seventh century. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Classical Arabic Philosophy , 2007-03-15 This volume introduces the major classical Arabic philosophers through substantial selections from the key works (many of which appear in translation for the first time here) in each of the fields--including logic, philosophy of science, natural philosophy, metaphysics, ethics, and politics--to which they made significant contributions. An extensive Introduction situating the works within their historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts offers support to students approaching the subject for the first time, as well as to instructors with little or no formal training in Arabic thought. A glossary, select bibliography, and index are also included. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Islamic Thought Abdullah Saeed, 2006-11-22 Islamic Thought is a fresh and contemporary introduction to the philosophies and doctrines of Islam. Abdullah Saeed, a distinguished Muslim scholar, traces the development of religious knowledge in Islam, from the pre-modern to the modern period. The book focuses on Muslim thought, as well as the development, production and transmission of religious knowledge, and the trends, schools and movements that have contributed to the production of this knowledge. Key topics in Islamic culture are explored, including the development of the Islamic intellectual tradition, the two foundation texts, the Qur’an and Hadith, legal thought, theological thought, mystical thought, Islamic Art, philosophical thought, political thought, and renewal, reform and rethinking today. Through this rich and varied discussion, Saeed presents a fascinating depiction of how Islam was lived in the past and how its adherents practise it in the present. Islamic Thought is essential reading for students beginning the study of Islam but will also interest anyone seeking to learn more about one of the world’s great religions. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: ISLAM: The Sunnah of The Prophet, The Perils of Flawed Doctrines Mkoma Yi, 1900 The doctrine of the sunnah, as defined, encompasses not only the verbal pronouncements and actions of the Islamic prophet, Mohammed, but also his tacit approvals. Moreover, his mannerisms and physical attributes hold equal importance within the doctrine. Furthermore, it is contended that every aspect encompassing the sunnah is morally sound, a remarkable assertion given the contradicting evidence found within Islamic traditions. Nonetheless, Muslims are duty-bound to employ the sunnah as a compass to imitate the conduct of their prophet, who is depicted in the Quran as the paragon of behavior for all mankind. Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, Muslims universally regard this doctrine as an indisputable and immutable principle, openly affirming their unwavering belief in it. However, beneath the surface, there are evident and intense debates and, in some instances, even blatant hypocrisy. This comprehensive treatise thoroughly examines various fundamental aspects of Mohammed's sunnah and presents thought-provoking inquiries and profound discoveries that have no known precedent. The findings are remarkably consequential and reveal the genuine perspectives of Muslims regarding the persona of their prophet, Mohammed. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Neutrosophy in Arabic Philosophy (English language version) Florentin Smarandache, Salah Osman, 2007-01-01 Examples of Neutrosophy used in Arabic philosophy:- While Avicenna promotes the idea that the world is contingent if it is necessitated by its causes, Averroes rejects it, and both of them are right from their point of view. Hence and have common parts.- Islamic dialectical theology (kalam) promoting creationism was connected by Avicenna in an extraordinary way with the opposite Aristotelian-Neoplatonic tradition.Much work by Avicenna is neutrosophic.- Averroes's religious judges (qadis) can be connected with atheists' believes.- al-Farabi's metaphysics and general theory of emanation vs. al-Ghazali's Sufi writings and mystical treatises [we may think about a coherence of al-Ghazali's Incoherence of the Incoherence book].- al-Kindi's combination of Koranic doctrines with Greek philosophy.- Islamic Neoplatonism + Western Neoplatonism. - Ibn ? Khaldun?s statements in his theory on the cyclic sequence of civilizations, says that: Luxury leads to the raising of civilization (because the people seek for comforts of life) but also Luxury leads to the decay of civilization (because its correlation with ethics corruption).- On the other hand, there?s the method of absent?by?present syllogism in jurisprudence, in which we find the same principles and laws of neutrosophy.- We can also function a lot of Arabic aphorisms, maxims, Koranic miracles (Ayat Al-Qur??n) and Sunna of the prophet, to support the theory of neutrosophy. Take the colloquial proverb that The continuance of state is impossible too, or Everything, if it?s increased over its extreme, it will turn over to its opposite! |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Philosophy in the Islamic World: A Very Short Introduction Peter Adamson, 2015-09-24 In the history of philosophy, few topics are so relevant to today's cultural and political landscape as philosophy in the Islamic world. Yet, this remains one of the lesser-known philosophical traditions. In this Very Short Introduction, Peter Adamson explores the history of philosophy among Muslims, Jews, and Christians living in Islamic lands, from its historical background to thinkers in the twentieth century. Introducing the main philosophical themes of the Islamic world, Adamson integrates ideas from the Islamic and Abrahamic faiths to consider the broad philosophical questions that continue to invite debate: What is the relationship between reason and religious belief? What is the possibility of proving God's existence? What is the nature of knowledge? Drawing on the most recent research in the field, this book challenges the assumption of the cultural decline of philosophy and science in the Islamic world by demonstrating its rich heritage and overlap with other faiths and philosophies. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Philosophers DK, 2022-04-30 From Confucius and Plato to Karl Marx and Noam Chomsky, this book brings together more than 100 illustrated biographies of the world's great philosophers. Introduced with a stunning portrait of each featured philosopher, the biographies trace the ideas, friendships, loves, and rivalries that inspired the great thinkers and influenced their work, providing revealing insights into what drove them to question the meaning of life and come up with new ways of understanding the world and the history of ideas. Lavishly illustrated with photographs and paintings of philosophers, their homes, friends, studies, and their personal belongings, together with pages from original manuscripts, first editions, and correspondence, this book introduces the key ideas, themes, and working methods of each featured individual, setting their ideas within a wider historical and cultural context. Charting the development of ideas across the centuries in both the East and West, from ancient Chinese philosophy to the work of contemporary thinkers, Philosophers provides a compelling glimpse into the personal lives, loves, and influences of the great philosophers as they probed into life's big ideas. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The House of Wisdom Jonathan Lyons, 2010-04-04 Traces the scientific and philosophical achievements of medieval Arab scholars, exploring such topics as the advances of a group of minds from the royal library of Baghdad and the invaluable contributions they made to Western culture and the Renaissance era. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Food and Human Responses Kodoth Prabhakaran Nair, 2020-01-01 This book discusses the role of food and the human nutrition-behavior interface. Food makes us what we are, but in addition to providing adequate nutrition, does it influence behavior? This book looks at this critical question from various angles and considers different concepts and approaches to food, nutrition and well-being. To better understand the entire gamut of the food-behavior linkage, the author unravels the workings of the mind - brain link. The book discusses this aspect and the findings add to the existing fund of knowledge in this area. Much of today’s malaise in humans can be traced to the food consumed by individuals. This book provides a comprehensive picture of the current state of human nutrition and how this can be linked to behavior. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Wine of Wisdom Mehdi Aminrazavi, 2013-10-01 The intoxicating message of Khayyam’s famous Ruba‘iyyat created an image of exotic Orientalism in the West but, as author Mehdi Aminrazavi reveals, Khayyam’s achievements went far beyond the intoxicating message within these verses. Philosopher, mathematician, scientist, and mystic – his many different identities are examined here in detail, creating a coherent picture of this complex and often misunderstood figure. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Science & Islam Ehsan Masood, 2009-11-05 From Musa al-Khwarizmi who developed algebra in 9th century Baghdad to al-Jazari, a 13th-century Turkish engineer whose achievements include the crank, the camshaft and the reciprocating piston, Science and Islam tells the story of one of history’s most misunderstood yet rich and fertile periods in science: the extraordinary Islamic scientific revolution between 700 and 1400 CE. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Medieval Islamic Civilization Josef W. Meri, 2005-10-31 Medieval Islamic Civilization examines the socio-cultural history of the regions where Islam took hold between the seventh and sixteenth century. This important two-volume work contains over 700 alphabetically arranged entries, contributed and signed by international scholars and experts in fields such as Arabic languages, Arabic literature, architecture, art history, history, history of science, Islamic arts, Islamic studies, Middle Eastern studies, Near Eastern studies, politics, religion, Semitic studies, theology, and more. This reference provides an exhaustive and vivid portrait of Islamic civilization including the many scientific, artistic, and religious developments as well as all aspects of daily life and culture. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit www.routledge-ny.com/middleages/Islamic. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Light upon Light: Essays in Islamic Thought and History in Honor of Gerhard Bowering Jamal J. Elias, Bilal Orfali, 2019-10-01 Light upon Light: Essays in Islamic Thought and History in Honor of Gerhard Bowering brings together studies that explore the richness of Islamic intellectual life in the pre-modern period. Leading scholars around the world present nineteen studies that explore diverse areas of Islamic Studies, in honor of a renowned scholar and teacher: Professor Dr. Gerhard Bowering (Yale University). The volume includes contributions in four main areas: (1) Quran and Early Islam; (2) Sufism, Shiʿism, and Esotericism; (3) Philosophy; (4) Literature and Culture. These areas reflect the enormous breadth of Professor Bowering’s contributions to the field over a lifetime of scholarship, teaching, and mentoring. Contributors: Hussein Ali Abdulsater, Mushegh Asatryan, Shahzad Bashir, Jonathan Brockopp, Yousef Casewit, Jamal Elias, Janis Esots, Li Guo, Matthew Ingalls, Tariq Jaffer, Mareike Koertner, Joseph Lumbard, Matthew Melvin-Koushki, Mahan Mirza, Bilal Orfali, Gabriel Reynolds, Nada Saab, Amina Steinfels & Alexander Treiger. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Peace be Upon You Zachary Karabell, 2007 In a narrative spanning 14 centuries, Karabell explores the growing tensions between Islam and the West and traces the rise of Arab nationalism. Evoking the legacy of coexistence, he illuminates a forgotten heritage that shows the possibility of a more stable and secure world. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Great Muslim Scientist and Philosopher Imam Jafar Ibn Mohammed As-Sadiq (A.S.) Kaukab Ali Mirza, 1996-01-01 |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia Mehdi Amin Razavi Aminrazavi, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, 2013-12-16 This volume gathers together the numerous essays by the Iranian metaphysician and ontologist, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, on Islamic philosophers and the intricate relationship between Persian culture and its philosophical schools. Brought together into a single volume for the first time, these essays span four decades of Nasr's prolific and learned scholarship on the development of Islamic philosophy, as well as the general history of Islam, and expound his belief that philosophy is not merely a rational but a sacred activity. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Closing of the Muslim Mind Robert R. Reilly, 2023-06-20 Islam's Intellectual Suicide—and the Threat to Us All People are shocked and frightened by the behavior coming out the Islamic world—not only because it is violent, but also because it is seemingly inexplicable. While there are many answers to the question of “what went wrong” in the Muslim world, no one has decisively answered why it went wrong. Until now. In this eye-opening new book, foreign policy expert Robert R. Reilly uncovers the root of our contemporary crisis: a pivotal struggle waged within the Muslim world nearly a millennium ago. In a heated battle over the role of reason, the side of irrationality won. The deformed theology that resulted, Reilly reveals, produced the spiritual pathology of Islamism, and a deeply dysfunctional culture. Terrorism—from 9/11, to London, Madrid, and Mumbai, to the Christmas 2009 attempted airline bombing—is the most obvious manifestation of this crisis. But Reilly shows that the pathology extends much further. The Closing of the Muslim Mind solves such puzzles as: · why peace is so elusive in the Middle East · why the Arab world stands near the bottom of every measure of human development · why scientific inquiry is nearly dead in the Islamic world · why Spain translates more books in a single year than the entire Arab world has in the past thousand years · why some people in Saudi Arabia still refuse to believe man has been to the moon · why Muslim media frequently present natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina as God’s direct retribution Delving deeper than previous polemics and simplistic analyses, The Closing of the Muslim Mind provides the answers the West has so desperately needed in confronting the Islamist crisis. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Philosophies of Music in Medieval Islam Fadlou Shehadi, 1995-09-01 This surveys the philosophies of music of the most important thinkers in Islam between the 9th and the 15th centuries A.D. It covers topics ranging from the physics and aesthetics of sound, the nature of music, its place in the total scheme of things and in human life, the relation between music, astronomy, astrology and meteorology, the relation between music and human feelings character and behaviour, to the question of whether a good Muslim should be allowed to listen to music at all, and if so, to which type. The book traces the influence of Greek, in particular Pythagorean and Aristoxenian, thinking in Islam on this subject, and aims to provide a philosophically coherent statement of thinking of the Islamic writers concerned, a clarification of their central arguments, as well as a critical evaluation of their line of thought. The author introduces a wide range of material from manuscript sources, including much that has not been published before. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, the Astronomer-poet of Persia Omar Khayyam, 1859 |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The New Atlantis , 2005 |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: What is Islam? Shahab Ahmed, 2016 A bold new conceptualization of Islam that reflects its contradictions and rich diversity What is Islam? How do we grasp a human and historical phenomenon characterized by such variety and contradiction? What is Islamic about Islamic philosophy or Islamic art? Should we speak of Islam or of islams? Should we distinguish the Islamic (the religious) from the Islamicate (the cultural)? Or should we abandon Islamic altogether as an analytical term? In What Is Islam?, Shahab Ahmed presents a bold new conceptualization of Islam that challenges dominant understandings grounded in the categories of religion and culture or those that privilege law and scripture. He argues that these modes of thinking obstruct us from understanding Islam, distorting it, diminishing it, and rendering it incoherent. What Is Islam? formulates a new conceptual language for analyzing Islam. It presents a new paradigm of how Muslims have historically understood divine revelation--one that enables us to understand how and why Muslims through history have embraced values such as exploration, ambiguity, aestheticization, polyvalence, and relativism, as well as practices such as figural art, music, and even wine drinking as Islamic. It also puts forward a new understanding of the historical constitution of Islamic law and its relationship to philosophical ethics and political theory. A book that is certain to provoke debate and significantly alter our understanding of Islam, What Is Islam? reveals how Muslims have historically conceived of and lived with Islam as norms and truths that are at once contradictory yet coherent. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 1, Book 3 M. M. Sharif, 2018-01-09 Early Centuries (From The First/Seventh Century To The Fall Of Baghdad)A Compendium of articles on the History of Muslim Philosophy. In this book: Early Centuries (From The First/Seventh Century To The Fall Of Baghdad) |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Avicenna The Medical Philosopher Sebastian Hale, A towering figure in medieval Islamic science, Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine shaped medical practice for centuries. He also contributed to philosophy, astronomy, and logic. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Concept of Person in Judaism, Christianity and Islam Georges Tamer, 2023-11-06 The sixth volume of the series Key Concepts of Interreligious Discourses investigates the roots of the concept of person in Judaism, Christianity and Islam and its relevance for the present time. The concept of person lies at the core of central ideas in the modern world, such as the value and development of personal identity, the sanctity of human person and the human rights based on that. In societies that are shaped by a long Christian tradition, these ideas are associated often with the belief in the creation of man in the image of God. But although Judaism shares with Christianity the same Biblical texts about the creation of man and also the Qurʾān knows Adam as the first human being created by God and his representative on earth, the focus on the concept of person is in each one of these religions a different one. So, the crucial question is: how did the concept of person evolve in Judaism, Christianity and Islam out of the concept of human being? What are the special features of personhood in each one of these traditions? The volume presents the concept of person in its different aspects as anchored in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It unfolds commonalities and differences between the three monotheistic religions as well as the manifold discourses about the meaning of person within these three religions. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: Paleontology David Bainbridge, 2022-02-08 An illustrated look at the art and science of paleontology from its origins to today Humans have been stumbling upon the petrified remains of ancient animals since prehistoric times, leading to tales of giant dogs, deadly dragons, tree gods, sea serpents, and all manner of strange and marvelous creatures. In this richly illustrated book, David Bainbridge recounts how legends like these gradually gave rise to the modern science of paleontology, and how this pioneering discipline has reshaped our view of the natural world. Bainbridge takes readers from ancient Greece to the eighteenth century, when paleontology began to coalesce into the scientific field we know today, and discusses how contemporary paleontologists use cutting-edge technologies to flesh out the discoveries of past and present. He brings to life the stories and people behind some of the greatest fossil finds of all time, and explains how paleontology has long straddled the spheres of science and art. Bainbridge also looks to the future of the discipline, discussing how the rapid recovery of DNA and other genetic material from the fossil record promises to revolutionize our understanding of the origins and evolution of ancient life. This panoramic book brings together stunning illustrations ranging from early sketches and engravings to eye-popping paleoart and high-tech computer reconstructions. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The House of Wisdom Jim Al-Khalili, 2012-03-27 A myth-shattering view of the Islamic world's myriad scientific innovations and the role they played in sparking the European Renaissance. Many of the innovations that we think of as hallmarks of Western science had their roots in the Arab world of the middle ages, a period when much of Western Christendom lay in intellectual darkness. Jim al- Khalili, a leading British-Iraqi physicist, resurrects this lost chapter of history, and given current East-West tensions, his book could not be timelier. With transporting detail, al-Khalili places readers in the hothouses of the Arabic Enlightenment, shows how they led to Europe's cultural awakening, and poses the question: Why did the Islamic world enter its own dark age after such a dazzling flowering? |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: تهافت الفلاسفة Ghazzālī, 2000 Although Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali lived a relatively short life (1058-1111), he established himself as one of the most important thinkers in the history of Islam. The Incoherence of the Philosophers, written after more than a decade of travel and ascetic contemplation, contends that while such Muslim philosophers as Avicenna boasted of unassailable arguments on matters of theology and metaphysics, they could not deliver on their claims; moreover, many of their assertions represented disguised heresy and unbelief. Despite its attempted refutation by the twelfth-century philosopher Ibn Rushd, al-Ghazali's work remains widely read and influential. |
| persian thinker philosopher of islamic golden age: The Malady Of Islam Abdelwahab Meddeb, 2003-07-02 A defense of Islam, and an indictment of religious fundamentalism, addressed to Islamic and Western readers. |
Persians - Wikipedia
Persians (/ ˈpɜːrʒənz / PUR-zhənz), [note 2] or the Persian people (Persian: مردم فارس), are an Iranian ethnic …
Persian | People, Language & Religion | Britannica
May 8, 2025 · Persian, predominant ethnic group of Iran (formerly known as Persia). Although of diverse …
Persian Empire - Map, Timeline & Founder | HISTORY
Jan 25, 2018 · The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that …
Persian (Farsi) language and alphabet - Omniglot
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is spoken by …
Persian Ethnicity People and Language | Destination Iran
Feb 25, 2025 · The Persian ethnicity is the major ethnic group in Iran. Learn more about its origin, historical …
Persians - Wikipedia
Persians (/ ˈpɜːrʒənz / PUR-zhənz), [note 2] or the Persian people (Persian: مردم فارس), are an Iranian ethnic group from West Asia. [4] They are indigenous to the Iranian plateau and …
Persian | People, Language & Religion | Britannica
May 8, 2025 · Persian, predominant ethnic group of Iran (formerly known as Persia). Although of diverse ancestry, the Persian people are united by their language, Persian (Farsi), which …
Persian Empire - Map, Timeline & Founder | HISTORY
Jan 25, 2018 · The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B.C. to the 20th century A.D.
Persian (Farsi) language and alphabet - Omniglot
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family. It is spoken by about 130 million people, mainly in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and also in …
Persian Ethnicity People and Language | Destination Iran
Feb 25, 2025 · The Persian ethnicity is the major ethnic group in Iran. Learn more about its origin, historical significance, religious history, and global contributions.
Persian language - Wikipedia
Iranian Persian (Persian, Western Persian, or Farsi) is spoken in Iran, and by minorities in Iraq and the Persian Gulf states. Eastern Persian (Dari Persian, Afghan Persian, or Dari) is spoken …
Persian language | History, Countries, & Facts | Britannica
Persian language, also called Farsi, member of the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family. It is the official language of Iran, and two varieties of Persian known as Dari and Tajik …
Persian alphabet - Wikipedia
The Persian alphabet (Persian: الفبای فارسی, romanized: Alefbâ-ye Fârsi), also known as the Perso-Arabic script, is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Persian language. It is a variation of the …
Trump wanted these Persian-language journalists fired. Now …
20 hours ago · Voice of America’s Persian-language operations are back up and running as the US government tries to beam information into Iran amid the widening conflict between Israel …
When Did Persia Become Iran and Why? - History Hit
Dec 28, 2022 · The Persian Empire was vast and complex, a melting pot of religions, cultures and civilizations: heritage in which people can find pride. The name Iran, on the other hand, is tied …
