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| photobiology: Photobiology Lars Olof Björn, 2012-12-06 Photobiology - the science of light and life - begins with basic principles and the physics of light and continues with general photobiological research methods, such as generation of light, measurement of light, and action spectroscopy. In an interdisciplinary way, it then treats how organisms tune their pigments and structures to the wavelength components of light, and how light is registered by organisms. Then follow various examples of photobiological phenomena: the design of the compound eye in relation to the properties of light, phototoxicity, photobiology of the human skin and of vitamin D, photomorphogenesis, photoperiodism, the setting of the biological clock by light, and bioluminescence. A final chapter is devoted to teaching experiments and demonstrations in photobiology. This book encompasses topics from a diverse array of traditional disciplines: physics, biochemistry, medicine, zoology, botany, microbiology, etc., and makes different aspects of photobiology accessible to experts in all these areas as well as to the novice. |
| photobiology: Photobiology Elli Kohen, Rene Santus, Joseph G. Hirschberg, 1995-08-16 Photobiology integrates a wide variety of scientific disciplines. As more people become aware of the many ways light interacts with chemical and biological systems, the need for a concise treatment of photobiology has become more critical. Kohen et al. Have written just such a book, intended both as a textbook and as a reference.The authors begin by providing a brief description of the nature of light, how it affects matter, and the means and methods of measuring it. A major section of the book is devoted to how light influences living systems, including discussions of photosynthesis, bioluminescence, regulatory mechanisms, and visual transduction of light. The last half of the book is devoted to the biomedical aspects of light, including photoimmunology, photoallergic reactions and other forms of light sensitivity, the optical properties of skin, and various ways that light can be used in therapy treatments.Useful to photobiologists as a comprehensive overview, this book should also appeal to biomedical researchers and advanced students of photobiology. |
| photobiology: Concepts in Photobiology G.S. Singhal, G. Renger, S.K. Sopory, K.D. Irrgang, Govindjee, 2012-12-06 Photobiology is an important area of biological research since a very large number of living processes are either dependent on or governed by light that we receive from the Sun. Among various subjects, photosynthesis is one of the most important, and thus a popular topic in both molecular and organismic biology, and one which has made a considerable impact throughout the world since almost all life on Earth depends upon it as a source of food, fuel and oxygen. However, for growth of plants, light is equally essential, and research on photomorphogenesis has revealed exciting new developments with the application of newer molecular biological approaches. The present book brings together and integrates various aspects of photosynthesis, biology of pigments, light regulation of chloroplast development, nuclear and chloroplast gene expression, light signal transduction, other photomorphogenetic processes and some photoecological aspects under one cover. The chapters cover biochemical and molecular discussions of most of the above topics in a comprehensive manner and include a wide range of `hot topics' that are currently under investigation in the field of photobiology of cyanobacteria, algae and plants. The authors of this book are selected international authorities in their fields from USA, Europe, Australia and Asia. The book is designed primarily to be used as a text book by graduates and post-graduates. It is, however, also intended to be a resource book for new researchers in plant photobiology. Several introductory chapters are designed as suitable reading for undergraduate courses in integrative and molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics. |
| photobiology: The Science of Photobiology K. C. Smith, 2013-11-11 Although there are several excellent books covering a few of the specialized areas of photobiology, at the present time there is no book that covers all areas of the science of photobiology. This book attempts to fill this void. The science of photobiology is currently divided into 14 subspecialty areas by the American Society for Photobiology. The first 14 chapters of this book deal with those subspecialty areas, each written by a leader in the field. Chapter 15, entitled New Topics in Photobiology, highlights areas of research that may be desig nated sUbspecialties of photobiology in the future. This book has been written as a textbook to introduce the science of photobiology to advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The chapters are written to provide a broad overview of each topic. They are designed to contain the amount of information that might be presented in a one-to two-hour general lecture. The references are not meant to be exhaustive, but key refer ences are included to give students an entry into the literature. Frequently a more recent reference that reviews the literature will be cited rather than the first paper by the author making the original discovery. Whenever practical, a classroom demonstration or simple laboratory exercise has been provided to exemplify one or more major points in a chapter. |
| photobiology: Concepts in Photobiology G. S. Singhal, 1999 The coverage is comprehensive and includes a wide range of hot topics currently under investigation in the fields of photobiology of cyanobacteria algae and plants. The book is designed primarily to be used as a text book by graduates and postgraduates. It is, however, also intended to be a resource book for new researchers in plant photobiology.--BOOK JACKET. |
| photobiology: Research in Photobiology A. Castellani, 2012-12-06 Every four years the photobio1ogists of the world get together in an International Congress. They discuss and learn not only re search details and findings in their own, often narrow, fields but educate one another broadly in the many biological systems that interact with light. It is this latter purpose that is exemplified by these proceedings - the Symposium papers and Workshop summaries of the VIIth International Congress on Photobiology held in Rome, August 29 - September 3, 1976. Photobiology is one of the few true interdisciplinary fields. It has an air of excitement about it. A glance at the table of contents indicates clearly that photobiology and its practitioners (individuals whose primary interests are in medicine, plant sci ences, animal sciences, molecular properties, and energy conversion) interact with the entire and diverse world of living creatures. We supply not only the basic research background to help evaluate many present-day environmental problems but are also evaluating and pointing the way toward solutions to a number of these problems. |
| photobiology: Photobiology of Higher Plants Maurice S. McDonald, 2003-06-09 The Photobiology of Higher Plants offers a comprehensive, balanced coverage of both photosynthesis (including physiology and global aspects) and photomorphogenesis in plants. An accessible, student-friendly approach to the subject is taken, providing the reader with a useful historical perspective and showing how this fascinating subject has evolved. All aspects of plant biochemistry and plant physiology are included with the fundamentals of the subject rigorously covered. Each chapter includes numerous references to provide a useful starting point for those wishing to learn more about the subject. * Provides combined coverage of both photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis in plants. * Includes an extensice glossary designed to provide easy access to key * Aimed at students in Botany, Plant Science, Agriculture and Forestry * A useful reference for postgraduates and researchers working in the field |
| photobiology: General Photobiology Donat-Peter Hader, 2013-10-22 Photobiology is an interdisciplinary science which has undergone a dramatic development in the past few years. This comprehensive new textbook brings together all the information required by workers and students in the field, from the atomic to the organismal level. The initial chapters comprise a comprehensive introduction to the terminology and include a detailed description of the photochemical reactions involved. The main part of the book covers all the classical photochemical topics and whilst not trying to be encyclopedic in coverage, does present numerous relevant examples. By bringing together the wide breadth of knowledge involved in the understanding of photobiology, this book will be of immense use to all those involved. |
| photobiology: Radiation Measurement in Photobiology B. L. Diffey, 2013-10-22 Radiation Measurement in Photobiology deals with the measurement of optical radiation and its application in photobiology. Optical radiation detectors as well as the calibration of light sources and detectors are discussed, together with techniques for spectroradiometry and broadband radiometry. Action spectroscopy and ultraviolet radiation dosimetry are also considered. Comprised of nine chapters, this volume begins with an introduction to the basic principles of light measurement, followed by a survey of optical radiation detectors based on physical principles and the problems associated with calibration. The next three chapters deal with important applications and extensions of these radiant measurements, including a short review of biological and medical users of lasers. The final three chapters on specialized studies and developments illustrate the wide diversity that exists in photobiology. These cover ultraviolet radiation dosimetry using polymer films, computer modeling of terrestrial ultraviolet radiation, and the diffusion optics in biological media. This book should be of interest to photobiologists. |
| photobiology: Flavins Eduardo Silva, Ana M Edwards, 2007-10-31 Flavins and flavoproteins are a widely investigated and highly versatile group of compounds. Participation of these compounds in photochemistry and photobiology processes are of particular importance in the fields of biology, chemistry and medicine. Written by leading experts in the field each section of the book includes a historical overview of the subject, state of the art developments and future perspectives. Flavins: Photochemistry and Photobiology begins with the properties and applications of flavins, including their photochemistry in aqueous and organic solutions. Subsequent sections discuss riboflavin as a visible light sensitizer in the photo degradation of drugs, antiviral and antibacterial effects, the role of flavins in light induced toxicity and blue light initiated DNA repair by photolyase. Finally there are sections on the flavin based photoreceptors in plants, bacteria and eukaryotic photosynthetic flagelettes. This book brings together leading experts with a unique interdisciplinary emphasis, to provide an authoritative resource on flavins and their role in photochemistry and photobiology. |
| photobiology: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids: Chemistry Shih Yi Wang, 1976 Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids, Volume I: Chemistry covers the historical developments in the study of photobiology and photochemistry of nucleic acid components. This volume is divided into 12 chapters that deal with the isolation and characterization of ultraviolet photoproducts of pyrimidines. After briefly covering the concepts of photochemistry of nucleic acids, this volume goes on describing the UV-induced physical and chemical alterations in nucleic acid components, such as pyrimidines, purines, their nucleosides and nucleotides, and related compounds. Significant chap ... |
| photobiology: New Trends in Photobiology , 1973 |
| photobiology: Molecular Photobiology Kendric C. Smith, Philip C. Hanawalt, 2013-10-22 Molecular Photobiology: Inactivation and Recovery describes the deleterious photochemical reactions occurring in biological systems. This book is composed of 10 chapters that specifically tackle light interactions in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum resulting to damaged proteins and nucleic acids in living systems. This book deals first with the kinds of photochemical reactions that can occur and the possible effects of photochemistry on molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. The succeeding chapters highlight the principle of recovery mechanisms, wherein evidence shows that cells can repair their damaged genetic material, and thus recover from the otherwise inactivating effects of light. The remaining chapters are devoted to the comparison and contrast of some biological effects of ionizing radiation and those of ultraviolet radiation. This book is of value to molecular photobiologists, photochemists, biochemists, and radiation scientists and researchers. |
| photobiology: Photobiology Emanuel Riklis, 1991 These proceedings comprise over 100 papers grouped in sections as follows: the history of photobiology; ultraviolet and ionizing radiations from molecules to cells; UV light and DNA damage repair and mutagenesis; photochemistry and photophysics; photosynthesis; phytocrome; rhodopsins; circadian rhyt |
| photobiology: Progress in Photobiology Günther Otto Schenck, 1974 |
| photobiology: Photobiological Techniques Dennis Paul Valenzeno, Roy H. Pottier, Paul Mathis, Roy H. Douglas, 2012-12-06 The fIrst edition of the Science 0/ Photobiology edited by Kendric C. Smith (plenum Press, 1977) was a comprehensive textbook of photobiology, devoting a chapter to each of the subdisciplines of the fIeld. At the end of many of these chapters there were brief descriptions of simple experiments that students could perform to demonstrate the principles discussed. In the succeeding years some photobiologists felt that a more complete publica tion of experiments in photobiology would be a useful teaching tool. Thus, in the 1980s the American Society for Photobiology (ASP) attempted to produce a laboratory manual in photobiology. Cognizant of these efforts, Kendric Smith elected to publish the second edition of The Science o/Photobiology (1989) without experiments; anticipating the comple tion of the ASP laboratory manual. Unfortunately, the initial ASP efforts met with limited success, and several years were to pass before a photobiology laboratory manual became a reality. One of the major stumbling blocks to production of an accurate and reliable laboratory manual was the requirement that the experiments be tested, not just by the author who is familiar with the techniques, but by students who may be quite new to photobiology. How could this be accomplished with limited resources? Many ideas were considered and discarded, before a workable solution was found. The catalyst that enabled the careful screening of all experiments in this book was a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) devoted entirely to this purpose. |
| photobiology: Photophysiology: Current topics in photobiology and photochemistry Arthur Charles Giese, 1964 |
| photobiology: Photobiology in Medicine Giulo Jori, Roy H. Pottier, Michael A.J. Rodgers, T. George Truscott, 2013-12-11 Man has recognised an association of light with life and medicine for over 3000 years. Today the major challenges to this topic include the elucidation of photochemical reactions involved in photobiology at the molecular level. This includes the use of a variety of modem probing techniques that directly measures the reactivity of excited states and free radicals involved in biological reactions. This text-book is based on such an approach and has arisen from some of the lectures delivered at the NATO ASI held at Hotel Capo Caccia near the Centre for Advanced Research in Photobiology (CARP) in Sardegia, Italy. The ASI took place from 30 September -13 October 1993 and involved a total membership of 90. The book, like the NATO ASI itself, is divided into four themes starting with fundamental aspects and ending with complex medically related systems. Thus Theme 1 covers aspects of the underlying photophysics and photochemistry with particular emphasis on modem experimental techniques to study molecular mechanisms of biological processes. Theme 2 applies many of these fundamental studies to the chemical reactions of most relevance to photobiology and photomedicine such as photo-addition, -isomerization, -sensitization and -pigmentation. The third and fourth Themes deal with the deleterious and therapeutic aspects of light with particular emphasis on the use of Photo-Dynamic Therapy (PDT) to treat cancer and on viral and micro bioi infections. |
| photobiology: Frontiers of Photobiology Akihiro Shima, 1993 A collection of the lectures and reports by chairpersons of the 11th International Conference of Photobiology which was held in Kyoto, Japan, in September 1992. Over 700 participants from 37 countries gathered together with approximately 600 scientific presentations. |
| photobiology: Photosynthesis Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics Bacon Ke, 2001-03-31 Photosynthesis: Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics is the first single-authored book in the Advances in Photosynthesis Series. It provides an overview of the light reactions and electron transfers in both oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. The scope of the book is characterized by the time frame in which the light reactions and the subsequent electron transfers take place, namely between =10sup-12/sup and =10-3 second. The book is divided into five parts: An Overview; Bacterial Photosynthesis; Photosystem II & Oxygen Evolution; Photosystem I; and Proton Transport and Photophosphorylation. In discussing the structure and function of various protein complexes, we begin with an introductory chapter, followed by chapters on light-harvesting complexes, the primary electron donors and the primary electron acceptors, and finally the secondary electron donors. The discussion on electron acceptors is presented in the order of their discovery to convey a sense of history, in parallel with the advancement in instrumentation of increasing time resolution. The book includes a large number of stereo pictures showing the three-dimensional structure of various photosynthetic proteins, which can be easily viewed with unaided eyes. This book is designed to be used as a textbook in a graduate or upper-division undergraduate course in photosynthesis, photobiology, plant physiology, biochemistry, and biophysics; it is equally suitable as a resource book for students, teachers, and researchers in the areas of molecular and cellular biology, integrative biology, microbiology, and plant biology. |
| photobiology: Redox Signaling and Regulation in Biology and Medicine Claus Jacob, Paul G. Winyard, 2009-05-06 This first entry-level guide to the multifaceted field takes readers one step further than existing textbooks. In an easily accessible manner, the authors integrate the biochemistry, cell biology and medical implications of intracellular redox processes, demonstrating that complex science can be presented in a clear and almost entertaining way. Perfect for students and junior researchers, this is an equally valuable addition to courses in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and human physiology. |
| photobiology: The Science of Photomedicine J.D. Regan, 2012-12-06 Although the history of photomedicine dates back thousands of years, with even preliterate cultures appreciating the healing properties of sunlight, for many workers in the discipline photomedicine is associated with the observation about 100 years ago of Niels Finsen, a Danish physician. Finsen recognized that people with tuberculosis who lived in Norway and who had very little exposure to sunlight often developed facial lesions (lupus vulgaris) which would decrease and sometimes disappear during the summer months. This very observant physician reasoned that artificial light ought to produce the same effect as sunlight and began utilizing the radiation from the newly available carbon arc. At first, he used a glass lens to concentrate the radiation, but since this produced considerable burning, he replaced this with a hollow glass lens filled with water. However, while this reduced the heat burns, it did not actually duplicate the effect of direct sunlight. Finally, using a hollow lens filled with water but equipped with quartz windows, Finsen was able to imitate, even improve upon, the effect of sunlight. As a result, lupus vulgaris was practically eliminated from the Scandinavian countries. |
| photobiology: Light and living matter : a guide to the study of photobiology Roderick K. Clayton, 1970 |
| photobiology: CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology, Volumes 1 & 2 William M. Horspool, Francesco Lenci, 2003-09-29 The second edition of this best-selling handbook is bigger, more comprehensive, and now completely current. In addition to thorough updates to the discussions featured in the first edition, this edition includes 66 new chapters that reflect recent developments, new applications, and emerging areas of interest. Within the handbook's 145 critically r |
| photobiology: Sunscreen Photobiology: Molecular, Cellular and Physiological Aspects Francis P. Gasparro, 2013-11-11 Sunscreens are universally recommended by dermatologists not only to prevent the immediate effects of overexposure to sunlight but also to prevent skin cancer. While the former goal is immediately evident, the latter remains an unproven hypothesis and is a topic of some controversy. Recent epidemiological studies suggesting a correlation between increased use of sunscreens over the past two decades and the rise in skin cancer have led to the question whether sunscreens applied to skin may be undergoing photoreactions, the effects of which are elaborated many years later. By addressing the key questions, this book advances the field of sunscreen photobiology and provides the reader with an unbiased perspective on this important field. |
| photobiology: CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology Axel G. Griesbeck, Michael Oelgemöller, Francesco Ghetti, 2012 This title includes research from experts in organic chemistry & many other disciplines. There are sections on new terminology, the usefulness of particular reactions & experimental details. |
| photobiology: Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids Shih Yi Wang, 2012-12-02 Photochemistry and Photobiology of Nucleic Acids: Volume II, Biology is a collection of papers that deals with the biological effects due to stable UV induced alterations in critical cellular macromolecules, including cell death, growth delay, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis. The papers assume that DNA is the macromolecule most relevant to cell pathology, as well as to the photochemical and photobiological properties of RNA which are essential in cellular functions. One paper investigates the UV-induced cross-linkings of proteins with nucleic acids as a possible cause of biological effects other than just in terms of the damage done to nucleic acids. Other papers discuss the mechanisms of protection against, and in the repair of damage caused by UV photons and by ionizing radiation (also chemical mutagens) in many organisms from viruses to mammalian cells. The repair processes appear to play a role in monitoring and preserving the structural integrity of DNA during physiological processes such as replication and transcription. One paper notes that in experiments on human embryonic lung fibroblasts WI-38 at very high radiation doses, radiation products of Thy in acid-soluble form appear while products from the DNA (acid-precipitable fraction) disappear. The paper suggests that the excision process is therefore selective. The collection is suitable for biochemists, microbiologists, or academicians whose works involve genetics, cancer, and cellular research. |
| photobiology: Life Under the Sun Peter A. Ensminger, 2008-10-01 Which fungus is as sensitive to light as the human eye? What are the myths and facts about the ozone hole, tanning, skin cancer, and sunscreens? What is the effect of light on butterfly copulation? This entertaining collection of essays explores how various organisms -- including archaebacteria, slime molds, fungi, plants, insects, and humans -- sense and respond to sunlight. The essays in Peter A. Ensminger's book cover vision, photosynthesis, and phototropism, as well as such unusual topics as the reason why light causes beer to develop a skunky odor. He introducec us to the kinds of eyes that have evolved in different animals, including those in a species of shrimp that is ostensibly eyeless; gives us a better appreciation of color vision; explains how plowing fields at night may be used to control weeds; and tells about variegate porphyria, a metabolic disease that makes people very sensitive to sunlight and may have afflicted King George III of England. These engaging essays present a complicated yet fascinating subject in an accessible way. The book will be treasured by anyone interested in the wonders of biology. |
| photobiology: Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Andrew W. Wood, Ken Karipidis, 2017-04-10 A comprehensive review of non-ionizing radiation and its public health and environmental risks, for researchers, policy makers, and laymen This book explains the characteristics of all forms of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (NIR) and analyzes the relationship between exposure and its biological effects, as well as the known dose-response relationships associated with each. Taking a uniquely holistic approach to the concept of health that builds upon the WHO definition to include not only absence of disease, but the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and the population, it reviews established and potential risks and protections, along with regulatory issues associated with each. The risks to public health of NIR, whether in the form of UV light, radio waves from wireless devices, or electric and magnetic fields associated with electrical power systems, is currently a cause of great concern among members of the public and lawmakers. But in order to separate established science from speculation and make informed decisions about how to mitigate the risks of NIR and allocate precious resources, policymakers, manufacturers, and individuals need a comprehensive source of up-to-date information based on the current scientific evidence. Written by a team of experts in their fields, this book is that source. Among other things, it: Summarizes scientific findings on the safety of different forms of NIR and the rationale behind current standards Describes devices for monitoring NIR along with the established and potential hazards of each form Explores proper protections against UV light and lasers, RF radiation, ELF fields and other forms of NIR Discusses how to avoid injuries through occupational training or public awareness programs, and how to perform medical assessments in cases of suspected NIR injuries Considers how to decide whether or not to spend money on certain mitigation measures, based on cost-benefit analyses Offering expert reviews and analyses of the latest scientific findings and public policy issues concerning the risks to public health and the environment of NIR, Non-ionizing Radiation Protection is an indispensable source of information for manufacturers, government regulators, and regulatory agencies, as well as researchers, concerned laypersons, and students. |
| photobiology: Skin Aging & Cancer Ashish Dwivedi, Neeraj Agarwal, Lipika Ray, Amit Kumar Tripathi, 2019-11-17 This book summarizes the potent effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the photoaging and cancer formation. Skin is the largest human organ which continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. This protection can be compromised by the aging of the skin which ultimately promotes skin inflammation, impaired wound repair, and increased risk of skin cancer. The book entails mechanistic insights into the UVR-induced immunomodulation and DNA damage in the skin to delineate the pathogenesis, and develop novel ways for prevention of photoaging of the skin cells. It also elucidates the potential of nanotechnology in the treatment of skin cancer. Further, it discusses the bioinformatics approaches to understand the molecular mechanism of photoaging and cancer formation. |
| photobiology: Encyclopedia of Astrobiology Muriel Gargaud, Ricardo Amils, 2011-05-26 Astrobiology is a remarkably interdisciplinary field. This reference serves as a key to understanding technical terms from the different subfields of astrobiology, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, the geosciences and the space sciences. |
| photobiology: Topical Nail Products and Ungual Drug Delivery S Narasimha Murthy, Howard I. Maibach, 2012-09-26 Discussing existing techniques, ongoing research, new approaches, and basic concepts in the treatment of nail diseases, Topical Nail Products and Ungual Drug Delivery summarizes the current knowledge and represents a jumping-off point for creating novel techniques of drug delivery across the nail. A growing area of pharmaceutical research, the search for efficient delivery techniques that can cross the nail barrier has yielded several effective strategies, brought together in this book. Topics Include Nail anatomy, physiology, diseases, and treatment Permeability of the nail plate Topical nail formulations Approaches to enhance ungual and trans-ungual drug delivery In vitro and in vivo models to evaluate topical nail formulations Nail sampling techniques Bioengineering of the nail Trans-ungual iontophoresis Pharmacokinetics of drugs in the nail apparatus Onychopharmacokinetics: proposed model insight Photodynamic therapy of nail diseases The nail as a surrogate for investigating drug use |
| photobiology: Issues in Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry: 2011 Edition , 2012-01-09 Issues in Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry. The editors have built Issues in Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Industrial, Applied, and Environmental Chemistry: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/. |
| photobiology: UV-B Radiation Vijay Pratap Singh, Samiksha Singh, Sheo Mohan Prasad, Parul Parihar, 2017-05-01 Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun, with a medium wavelength which is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer. The biological effects of UV-B are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV-B radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules. It is considered particularly harmful to the environment and living things, but what have scientific studies actually shown? UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth presents a comprehensive overview of the origins, current state, and future horizons of scientific research on ultraviolet-B radiation and its perception in plants. Chapters explore all facets of UV-B research, including the basics of how UV-B's shorter wavelength radiation from the sun reaches the Earth's surface, along with its impact on the environment's biotic components and on human biological systems. Chapters also address the dramatic shift in UV-B research in recent years, reflecting emerging technologies, showing how historic research which focused exclusively on the harmful environmental effects of UV-B radiation has now given way to studies on potential benefits to humans. Topics include: UV-B and its climatology UV-B and terrestrial ecosystems Plant responses to UV-B stress UB- B avoidance mechanisms UV-B and production of secondary metabolites Discovery of UVR8 Timely and important, UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth is an invaluable resource for environmentalists, researchers and students who are into the state-of-the-art research being done on exposure to UV-B radiation. |
| photobiology: Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews Kendric Smith, 2013-11-11 A stone carving from the 14th century B.C. records that the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten (born Amenhoteph IV) and his wife, Nefertiti, recognized the importance of sunlight to life. In fact, Akhenaten initiated a monotheistic religion, with Aton, the sun, as God. One of his daughters be came the wife of King Tut Ankamon, the spelling of whose name indicates a return to the old religion and an eclipse of interest in photobiology among the pharaohs. A renewal of interest in photobiology in modern times was climaxed in 1928 by the establishment of an international organization for photobiology under the title Comite International de la Lumiere (C.I.L.). Its present title, Comite International de Photobiologie (C.I.P.), was adopted at a meeting in Paris in 1951. The first of a series of international congresses on photobiology was held in 1954 and probably represents the beginning of modern day photobiology. Medical men were prominent in the activities of the old C.I.L., for the importance of natural sunlight in human health and disease was obvious though not well understood. The bringing together of physicians with physicists, chemists, and biologists from the pure and applied branches of their subjects was the aim of the older C.I.L. and continues to the present day through the C.I.P. |
| photobiology: Aquatic Ecosystems in a Changing Climate Donat-P Häder, Kunshan Gao, 2018-11-16 Global climate change affects productivity and species composition of freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems by raising temperatures, ocean acidification, excessive solar UV and visible radiation. Effects on bacterioplankton and viruses, phytoplankton and macroalgae have farreaching consequences for primary consumers such as zooplankton, invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as on human consumption of fish, crustaceans and mollusks. It has affected the habitation of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans the most so far. Increasing pollution from terrestrial runoff, industrial, municipal and household wastes as well as marine transportation and plastic debris also affect aquatic ecosystems. |
| photobiology: Medical and Health Related Sciences Thesaurus , 1985 |
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