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| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Periplus of the Erythræan Sea; Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean Wilfred H. Schoff, 2018-11-10 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, by an unknown author G.W.B. Huntingford, 2017-05-15 The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a short work of uncertain date and unknown authorship, written in very difficult Greek. It is concerned with the coasts of the Red Sea and |Indian Ocean and may be described as a combined trade directory and Admiralty Handbook, giving sailing directions and information about navigational hazards, harbours, imports and exports. It is of great value for the study of the commerce of the Roman Empire and the early history of East Africa, South Arabia and India. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1980. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, by an unknown author G.W.B. Huntingford, 2017-12-04 The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is a short work of uncertain date and unknown authorship, written in very difficult Greek. It is concerned with the coasts of the Red Sea and |Indian Ocean and may be described as a combined trade directory and Admiralty Handbook, giving sailing directions and information about navigational hazards, harbours, imports and exports. It is of great value for the study of the commerce of the Roman Empire and the early history of East Africa, South Arabia and India. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1980. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Ancient India as Described by Megasthenês and Arrian Megasthenes, 1877 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Indian Ocean Trade in Antiquity Matthew Adam Cobb, 2018-09-03 The period from the death of Alexander the Great to the rise of the Islam (c. late fourth century BCE to seventh century CE) saw a significant growth in economic, diplomatic and cultural exchange between various civilisations in Africa, Europe and Asia. This was in large part thanks to the Indian Ocean trade. Peoples living in the Roman Empire, Parthia, India and South East Asia increasingly had access to exotic foreign products, while the lands from which they derived, and the peoples inhabiting these lands, also captured the imagination, finding expression in a number of literary and poetic works. The Indian Ocean Trade in Antiquity provides a range of chapters that explore the economic, political and cultural impact of this trade on these diverse societies, written by international experts working in the fields of Classics, Archaeology, South Asian studies, Near Eastern studies and Art History. The three major themes of the book are the development of this trade, how consumption and exchange impacted on societal developments, and how the Indian Ocean trade influenced the literary creations of Graeco-Roman and Indian authors. This volume will be of interest not only to academics and students of antiquity, but also to scholars working on later periods of Indian Ocean history who will find this work a valuable resource. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Ancient Red Sea Port of Adulis, Eritrea David P. S. Peacock, Lucy Katherine Blue, Darren Glazier, Yohannes Gebreyesus, Daniel Habtemichael, Rezene Russom, Oxbow Books, 2016 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Seafarers of the Seven Seas Suhanna Shafiq, 2020-08-10 No detailed description available for Seafarers of the Seven Seas. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Christian Topography of Cosmas John Watson McCrindle, 1897 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: South Arabian Long-Distance Trade in Antiquity George Hatke, Ronald Ruzicka, 2021-02-01 South Arabia is one of the least known parts of the Near East. It is primarily due to its remoteness, coupled with the difficulty of access, that South Arabia remains so under-explored. In pre-Islamic times, however, it was well-connected to the rest of the world. Due to its location at the crossroads of caravan and maritime routes, pre-Islamic South Arabia linked the Near East with Africa and the Mediterranean with India. The region is unique in that it has a written history extending as far back as the early first millennium BCE—a far longer history than that of any other part of the Arabian Peninsula. The papers collected in this volume make a number of important contributions to the study of the history and languages of ancient South Arabia, as well as the history of South Arabian studies, and will be of interest to scholars and laypeople alike. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World Howard Hayes Scullard, 1974 This book offers a full picture of the elephant in the Graeco-Roman world, featuring contemporary accounts of elephants performing on the battlefield. The author first traces the natural history of the elephant and then evaluates the references to elephants in the works of Ctesias, Aristotle, and other early writers. He shows the animal in action under Alexander the Great and his successors, under the Carthaginians, and under Hannibal, describing how they were captured and trained and how they were dealt with by opposing armies. He discusses what later writers such as Pliny, Aelian, and Ammianus knew about elephants, and he concludes with an account of the animals' roles in such peacetime activities as circuses and ceremonies.--From publisher's description. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea George Wynn Brereton Huntingford, 1980 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Si-Yu-KI: Buddhist Records of the Western World; Xuanzang, 2017-08-24 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India Eric Herbert Warmington, 1928 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Ancient Sailing Season James Beresford, 2012-11-21 Providing a comprehensive examination of the capacity of ancient ships and seafarers to cope with seasonally changing sea conditions, this book draws on a wide range of ancient literary sources while also taking account of modern weather records, hydrological data, and recent archaeological discoveries. Taking a fresh look at the various ways in which seasonality affected maritime transport across the sea-lanes of the ancient world, this book offers new perspectives on the nature of seaborne trade, naval warfare and piratical operations. The result is a volume that questions many long-held scholarly assumptions concerning the strength and seaworthiness of ancient vessels, as well as the abilities of Greek and Roman mariners, to regularly undertake voyages across hazardous stretches of sea. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds Hyunhee Park, 2012-08-27 Long before Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope en route to India, the peoples of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia engaged in vigorous cross-cultural exchanges across the Indian Ocean. This book focuses on the years 700 to 1500, a period when powerful dynasties governed both regions, to document the relationship between the Islamic and Chinese worlds before the arrival of the Europeans. Through a close analysis of the maps, geographic accounts, and travelogues compiled by both Chinese and Islamic writers, the book traces the development of major contacts between people in China and the Islamic world and explores their interactions on matters as varied as diplomacy, commerce, mutual understanding, world geography, navigation, shipbuilding, and scientific exploration. When the Mongols ruled both China and Iran in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, their geographic understanding of each other's society increased markedly. This rich, engaging, and pioneering study offers glimpses into the worlds of Asian geographers and mapmakers, whose accumulated wisdom underpinned the celebrated voyages of European explorers like Vasco da Gama. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Aden & the Indian Ocean Trade Roxani Eleni Margariti, 2007 Positioned at the crossroads of the maritime routes linking the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Yemeni port of Aden grew to be one of the medieval world's greatest commercial hubs. Approaching Aden's history between the eleventh and thirteenth |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraean Sea Flavius Arrianus, J W McCrindle, 2015-02-08 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin, 2018-05-03 Introduces a crucial period of world history when the vast exchange network of the Silk Roads connected most of Eurasia. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Oxford Handbook of Roman Egypt Christina Riggs, 2012-06-21 Roman Egypt is a critical area of interdisciplinary research, which has steadily expanded since the 1970s and continues to grow. Egypt played a pivotal role in the Roman empire, not only in terms of political, economic, and military strategies, but also as part of an intricate cultural discourse involving themes that resonate today - east and west, old world and new, acculturation and shifting identities, patterns of language use and religious belief, and the management of agriculture and trade. Roman Egypt was a literal and figurative crossroads shaped by the movement of people, goods, and ideas, and framed by permeable boundaries of self and space. This handbook is unique in drawing together many different strands of research on Roman Egypt, in order to suggest both the state of knowledge in the field and the possibilities for collaborative, synthetic, and interpretive research. Arranged in seven thematic sections, each of which includes essays from a variety of disciplinary vantage points and multiple sources of information, it offers new perspectives from both established and younger scholars, featuring individual essay topics, themes, and intellectual juxtapositions. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea by An Unknown Author George Wynn Brereton Huntingford, 1980 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean Raoul McLaughlin, 2018-04-30 The ancient evidence suggests that international commerce supplied Roman government with up to a third of the revenues that sustained their empire. In ancient times large fleets of Roman merchant ships set sail from Egypt on voyages across the Indian Ocean. They sailed from Roman ports on the Red Sea to distant kingdoms on the east coast of Africa and the seaboard off southern Arabia. Many continued their voyages across the ocean to trade with the rich kingdoms of ancient India. Freighters from the Roman Empire left with bullion and returned with cargo holds filled with valuable trade goods, including exotic African products, Arabian incense and eastern spices. This book examines Roman commerce with Indian kingdoms from the Indus region to the Tamil lands. It investigates contacts between the Roman Empire and powerful African kingdoms, including the Nilotic regime that ruled Meroe and the rising Axumite Realm. Further chapters explore Roman dealings with the Arab kingdoms of south Arabia, including the Saba-Himyarites and the Hadramaut Regime, which sent caravans along the incense trail to the ancient rock-carved city of Petra. The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean is the first book to bring these subjects together in a single comprehensive study that reveals Romes impact on the ancient world and explains how international trade funded the Legions that maintained imperial rule. It offers a new international perspective on the Roman Empire and its legacy for modern society. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India Upinder Singh, 2008 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India is the most comprehensive textbook yet for undergraduate and postgraduate students. It introduces students to original sources such as ancient texts, artefacts, inscriptions and coins, illustrating how historians construct history on their basis. Its clear and balanced explanation of concepts and historical debates enables students to independently evaluate evidence, arguments and theories. This remarkable textbook allows the reader to visualize and understand the rich and varied remains of India s ancient past, transforming the process of discovering that past into an exciting experience. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Empires of the Sea Rolf Strootman, Floris van den Eijnde, Roy van Wijk, 2020 Empires of the Sea brings together studies of maritime empires from the Bronze Age to the Eighteenth Century. The volume develops the category of maritime empire as a specific type of empire in both European and 'non-western' history. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Mystery of the Land of Punt Unravelled Ahmed Ibrahim Awale, 2015-01-21 This book contains convincing evidence and persuasive arguments to cause a stir among historians - Egyptologists in particular - as it will expose archaeological findings excavated in an area that has never been thought to have historical significance. This is no place other than Hargeisa, the capital of Somaliland, and surrounding areas. While the ground-breaking information contained in this book is hoped to bring the long standing argument on the location of the mysterious Land of Punt almost to a close, it will also shed a new light on the race controversy surrounding ancient Egyptians. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Frankincense and Myrrh Nigel Groom, 2002 The great trade in aromatics from South Arabia to the ancient Near East, Greece and Rome lasted for a thousand years. Huge caravans trudged the length of Arabia along highly organised routes carrying these luxury commodities, especially frankincense and myrrh, to the Mediterranean and Arabian Gulf. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Indo-Roman Trade Roberta Tomber, 2008-11-20 A compelling new account of Indian Ocean commerce from key sites throughout the region between the first century BC and the seventh century AD. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Cambridge History of Travel Writing Nandini Das, Tim Youngs, 2019-01-24 Bringing together original contributions from scholars around the world, this volume traces the history of travel writing from antiquity to the Internet age. It examines travel texts of several national or linguistic traditions, introducing readers to the global contexts of the genre. From wilderness to the urban, from Nigeria to the polar regions, from mountains to rivers and the desert, this book explores some of the key places and physical features represented in travel writing. Chapters also consider the employment in travel writing of the diary, the letter, visual images, maps and poetry, as well as the relationship of travel writing to fiction, science, translation and tourism. Gender-based and ecocritical approaches are among those surveyed. Together, the thirty-seven chapters here underline the richness and complexity of this genre. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Geography Strabo, 2020-12-17 Geography is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek by Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent. In his 17 books, divided into three volumes, Strabo deals with ancient physical geography and chorography, by which he means political geography. The two are combined in this work, which makes a circuit of the earth detailing the physical and political features. Strabo's Geography contains a considerable amount of historical data, as he worked on his Geography and now missing History (his other work) at the same time. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: In Praise of Kings Aparna Kapadia, 2018-05-16 In Praise of Kings is a ground breaking study of the long-neglected fifteenth century in South Asian history. Contrary to the conventional focus on the Delhi-centred empires which consider this period as an age of decline, this book illuminates the cultural and political dynamism of the era. It reconstructs the fascinating world of the royal courts of Gujarat, including those of the Rajput chieftains and the regional sultans, through close readings of rarely used literary works in Sanskrit and Gujarati. The book also complicates another popularly held perception: that of Gujarat as the land of traders and merchants. Instead, it shows how Gujarat's warrior past was also integral to this region's identity and history. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: San Rock Art J.D. Lewis-Williams, 2013-02-15 San rock paintings, scattered over the range of southern Africa, are considered by many to be the very earliest examples of representational art. There are as many as 15,000 known rock art sites, created over the course of thousands of years up until the nineteenth century. There are possibly just as many still awaiting discovery. Taking as his starting point the magnificent Linton panel in the Iziko-South African Museum in Cape Town, J. D. Lewis-Williams examines the artistic and cultural significance of rock art and how this art sheds light on how San image-makers conceived their world. It also details the European encounter with rock art as well as the contentious European interaction with the artists’ descendants, the contemporary San people. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Geography Ptolemy, 1991 Second-century classic of civilization listed over 8,000 places in Europe, Africa and Asia, tabulated according to latitude and longitude. Excellent reproduction of the rare first and definitive English translation, published in a limited edition of 250 copies by the New York Public Library. Included are 27 maps. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Forging Islamic Power and Place Francis R. Bradley, 2016 This work charts the nineteenth-century rise of a vast network of Islamic scholars stretching across Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean to Arabia. Francis Bradley analyses the role of the vibrant Patani knowledge network in the formation of Islamic institutions of learning in Southeast Asia. He makes use of a range of sources, including official colonial documents, traveller accounts, missionary writings, and handwritten manuscripts. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Aksum Stuart C. Munro-Hay, 1991 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Albania Joseph Swire, 1929 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Khao Sam Kaeo Bérénice Bellina, 2017 Two thousand years ago, the Wu Emperor of China sent south a naval expedition to seek opportunities to increase trade. The leaders encountered a Southeast Asian kingdom, with an established government, laws, cities and flourishing trade with India and Rome. The expedition report survives in the Chinese dynastic archives, and poses a fascinating challenge to archaeologists : what was the nature of this maritime Silk Road, when did it begin, what manner of people ran it, and how did it affect their lives ? Answers to these key questions are now emerging from five years of excavations and a decade of intense analyses that centre on the Kra Isthmus, the narrow neck of land that provides the easiest passage between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Here, the trade route is dominated by the urban centre of Khao Sam Kaeo, a sprawling settlement atop four hills, next to the Tha Tapao River. For the first time in Southeast Asia, a multi disciplinary project involving geoarchaeology, botany and metallurgy, combined with geographical information systems, has been deployed to unravel the timing of the emergence of the maritime Silk Road and its social impact. We have found that its origins are far earlier than suspected, stretching back into the 4th century BC. Over the centuries, Khao Sam Kaeo became a cosmopolitan hub that drew merchants and artisans from India and other Asian horizons. Gold and silver, carnelian and glass jewellery came from new workshops. In the fields beyond the city walls, new crops of Indian origin were grown alongside the traditional rice fields. Chinese ceramics, Vietnamese bronzes, even Roman tradewares made their way to the markets of Southeast Asia. The vital importance of Khao Sam Kaeo in documenting and illuminating the early maritime trade is seen in the later rise of states like Pasai, Banten, Melaka and Ayutthaya. Here again, on a magnified scale, there were highly specialised manufacturing industries controlled by powerful kings. Revealing the deep seated cultural changes that took place at Khao Sam Kaeo thus illuminates for the first time a critical stage in the history of Southeast Asia. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Gods, Graves, and Scholars C. W. Ceram, 1999 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: Greek Sources on India Udai Prakash Arora, 2018 |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: The Bible and Asia R. S. Sugirtharajah, 2013-11-12 Though the Bible is a product of West Asia, its influence on Europe and the Americas has received far more attention than its complex career in the East. R. S. Sugirtharajah corrects this imbalance with an expansive new study of Asia's subversive and idiosyncratic relationship with the Bible. This is the story of missionaries, imperialists, exegetes, reformers, and nationalists who molded Biblical texts according to their own needs in order to influence religion, politics, and daily life from India to China. When the Bible reached east and south Asia in the third century CE, its Christian scriptures already bore traces of Asian commodities and Indian moral stories. In China, the Bible merged with the teachings of Buddha and Lao Tzu to produce the Jesus Sutras. As he recounts the history of how Christianity was influenced by other Asian religions, Sugirtharajah deftly highlights the controversial issue of Buddhist and Vedic influence on Biblical religion. Once used to justify European rule in Asia, the Bible has also served to promote the spiritual salvation of women, outcasts, and untouchables. The Bible has left a literary mark on Asia in two ways: through its influence on Asian writers and through the reinvigoration of modern Asian vernaculars when proselytizing missionaries introduced Western print culture to the East. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: A Voyage Round Great Britain: Land's End to the Clyde David Addey, 1997-07 This illustrated volume records the next stages of Addey's journey from Land's End to Conway and Liverpool to the Clyde - and again contrasts his work with Daniell's engravings and descriptions. |
| periplus of the erythraean sea written by: , |
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