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| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Patriarcha; Or, The Natural Power of Kings Robert Filmer, 1685 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Patriarcha and Other Political Works Sir Robert Filmer, Robert Filmer's prime assumption is that the Bible contains the entire truth about the nature of the world and the nature of society. Along with details of recorded history from the beginning to the death of the Apostles, the Bible also includes the laws that would govern history from that time to the end of the world. This central assumption was shared by nearly every member of Tory Christendom in England in the seventeenth century. In the same way, Filmer holds that it is impossible for a people to escape political anarchy once it is assumed that all individuals are independent and equal. It is also impossible for people to escape from collectivism, if it is granted that everyone has a moral right to an equal share of the gifts of nature. In explaining why Filmer remains both important and influential, Laslett argues that his reputation owes a great deal to the fortuitous circumstances of the time at which his works were resuscitated. His work passed almost unnoticed when it was first issued. Only the position of the Tory party gave his views prominence. The value of Patriarcha as a historical document consists primarily in its revelation of the strength and persistence in European culture of the patriarchal attitude to political problems. The opening essay by Laslett offers a brilliant analysis of late seventeenth-century English politics and philosophy. Long unavailable, this is a masterpiece of religious conservatism that still registers in debates at present. Robert Filmer (1588-1653) was an English political theorist who strongly supported the king's right to rule. He believed that a king alone is the maker of laws through divine right. Some of his more famous works include The Power of Kings, King of England, and Freeholders Grand Inquest touching our Sovereign Lord the King and His Parliament. Peter Laslett (1915-2001) was Reader in Politics and the History of Social Structure at Cambridge University. He was known for his work in the history of political thought and helped establish both the Open University and the University of the Th ird Age. Some of his works include A Fresh Map of Life, Family Forms in Historic Europe, and Bastardy and its Comparative History. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Second Treatise of Government John Locke, 2016-07-26 John Locke argues that all men are created equal in the sight of God. The Second Treatise outlines Locke's ideas for a more civilized society based on natural rights and contract theory. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises of Government John Locke, 2025-01-02T16:48:33Z John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government is a foundational text in liberal political thought, which challenged the then-prevailing theories of divine right and absolute monarchy. The work is divided into two treatises, with the first primarily focused on refuting Sir Robert Filmer’s book Patriarcha, which advocates for absolute monarchical power based on the supposed divine right of kings. Locke dismantles Filmer’s claims, demonstrating the lack of scriptural support for inherited political authority, and distinguishing between political power and paternal power. In the second treatise, Locke articulates his own theory of government, grounded in natural law and individual rights. He posits that all individuals are born free and equal, possessing inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke discusses the concept of the state of nature, where individuals are governed by natural law, and argues that legitimate government arises from the consent of the governed. He discusses how the social contract establishes the moral foundation for political authority. Locke proposes that should a government fail to protect the rights of the people or violates the social contract, citizens have the right and duty to revolt and establish a new government. His ideas about government by consent, the right to private property, and the right to revolution have profoundly influenced modern democratic thought and the development of liberal political theory, laying the groundwork for later political movements advocating for democracy and human rights. This book is part of the Standard Ebooks project, which produces free public domain ebooks. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Biblical Politics of John Locke Kim Ian Parker, 2006-01-01 John Locke is often thought of as one of the founders of the Enlightenment, a movement that sought to do away with the Bible and religion and replace them with scientific realism. But Locke was extremely interested in the Bible, and he was engaged by biblical theology and religion throughout his life. In this new book, K.I. Parker considers Locke’s interest in Scripture and how that interest is articulated in the development of his political philosophy. Parker shows that Locke’s liberalism is inspired by his religious vision and, particularly, his distinctive understanding of the early chapters of the book of Genesis. Unlike Sir Robert Filmer, who understood the Bible to justify social hierarchies (i.e., the divine right of the king, the first-born son’s rights over other siblings, and the “natural” subservience of women to men), Locke understood from the Bible that humans are in a natural state of freedom and equality to each other. The biblical debate between Filmer and Locke furnishes scholars with a better understanding of Lockes political views as presented in his Two Treatises. The Biblical Politics of John Locke demonstrates the impact of the Bible on one of the most influential thinkers of the seventeenth century, and provides an original context in which to situate the debate concerning the origins of early modern political thought. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Filmer: 'Patriarcha' and Other Writings Robert Filmer, 1991-02-21 This volume contains the political writings of Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653), perhaps the most important patriarchal political theorist of the seventeenth century |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Political Thought of John Locke John Dunn, 1969 In this analysis Locke emerges as not merely a contributor to English constitutional thought or a reflector of the socio-economic change in seventeenth-century England, but as an essentially Calvinist natural theologian. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: America on Trial, Expanded Edition Robert Reilly, 2022-02-01 The Founding of the American Republic is on trial. Critics say it was a poison pill with a time-release formula; we are its victims. Its principles are responsible for the country's moral and social disintegration because they were based on the Enlightenment falsehood of radical individual autonomy. In this well-researched book, Robert Reilly declares: not guilty. To prove his case, he traces the lineage of the ideas that made the United States, and its ordered liberty, possible. These concepts were extraordinary when they first burst upon the ancient world: the Judaic oneness of God, who creates ex nihilo and imprints his image on man; the Greek rational order of the world based upon the Reason behind it; and the Christian arrival of that Reason (Logos) incarnate in Christ. These may seem a long way from the American Founding, but Reilly argues that they are, in fact, its bedrock. Combined, they mandated the exercise of both freedom and reason. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Discourses Concerning Government Algernon Sidney, 1805 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises of Government John Locke, 2006 Widely considered to be the father of liberalism, John Locke was a leading philosopher of the Enlightenment. His Two Treatises of Government was written during the period of Whig opposition to Charles II and James II in the 1680s. Published a year after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 brought William and Mary to the throne, it offers a theory of natural law that distinguishes between legitimate and illegitimate governments and argues for the legitimacy of revolt against tyrannical governments. Important contributions to Enlightenment thought, these ideas remain influential today. In this reprint of the third edition (1689), the last edition published during Locke's lifetime, Locke espouses radical theories that influenced the ideologies of the American and French revolutions and became the basis for the social and political philosophies of, Rousseau, Voltaire, and the founding fathers of the United States, especially Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison. In the first treatise, Locke aims to refute the doctrine of the patriarchal and absolute right of the divine right of kings doctrine put forth by Robert Filmer's Patriarcha. He examines key biblical passages to prove that scripture does not support Filmer's premise. The second treatise offers Locke's positive theory of government, in which he establishes a theory that reconciles the liberty of the citizen with political order. His basic premise is founded on the independence of the individual. He declares that men are born free and equal in their rights and that wealth is the product of labor. In his revolutionary theory of the social contract he proposes that a legitimate government must preserve the rights to life, liberty, health and property of its citizens, and prosecute and punish those in violation of those rights--From publisher description. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises On Civil Government John Locke, Sir Robert Filmer, 2023-07-18 This book contains two seminal works on political philosophy: John Locke's 'Two Treatises on Civil Government, ' and Sir Robert Filmer's 'Patriarcha, ' which defends the divine right of kings. Locke's works were highly influential in the development of liberal democracy, and form the foundation of many of the principles of modern political theory. His arguments for the importance of individual rights and representative government are still relevant today. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of political thought and modern democracy. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Sir Robert Filmer and English Political Thought James Daly, 1979-12-15 Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653) was a defender of 'the Natural Power of Kings against the Unnatural Liberty of the People.' His doctrine of omnicompetent sovereignty had little influence on the thought and political debates of his time, for none of his writings was published until the last few years of his life; but it came under scrutiny later in the century, particularly during the exclusion crisis and in the political writings of John Locke. This book is the first comprehensive analysis of his thought, its context, and its place in English political thought as a whole. Daly examines Filmer's publishing career, his relation to contemporary writers and critics, and the chief sources on which he drew. The book thus provides the background for a study of Filmer's theory of sovereignty, its voluntarist concept of law, its rejection of prescription, fundamental law, and non-monarchical forms of government, and its insistence that monarchy be not only absolute, but arbitrary as well. Analysing Filmer's interpretation of Adam's (and all kings') 'fatherly power,' here described as 'legal patriarchalism,' Daly shows it to be very different from most contemporary thought. In comparing Filmer's thought with that of other royalists and the positions taken by his critics, notably Edward Gee, James Tyrrell, Algernon Sidney, and of course Locke, he shows it to be strikingly original, almost revolutionary, and frequently distorted by those who dealt with it. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Second Treatise of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration John Locke, 2016-06-02 'Man being born...to perfect freedom...hath by nature a power...to preserve his property, that is, his life, liberty and estate.' Locke's Second Treatise of Government (1689) is one of the great classics of political philosophy, widely regarded as the foundational text of modern liberalism. In it Locke insists on majority rule, and regards no government as legitimate unless it has the consent of the people. He sets aside people's ethnicities, religions, and cultures and envisages political societies which command our assent because they meet our elemental needs simply as humans. His work helped to entrench ideas of a social contract, human rights, and protection of property as the guiding principles for just actions and just societies. Published in the same year, A Letter Concerning Toleration aimed to end Christianity's wars of religion and called for the separation of church and state so that everyone could enjoy freedom of conscience. In this edition of these two major works, Mark Goldie considers the contested nature of Locke's reputation, which is often appropriated by opposing political and religious ideologies. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Lockean Mind Jessica Gordon-Roth, Shelley Weinberg, 2021-08-30 John Locke (1632–1704) is considered one of the most important philosophers of the modern era and the first of what are often called ‘the Great British Empiricists.’ His major work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, was the single most widely read academic text in Britain for fifty years after its publication and set new limits to the scope and certainty of what we can claim to know about ourselves and the natural world. The Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were both highly influenced by Locke’s libertarian philosophical ideas, and Locke continues to have an impact on political thought, both conservative and liberal. It is less commonly known that Locke was a practicing physician, an influential interpreter of the Bible, and a policy maker in the English Carolina colonies. The Lockean Mind provides a comprehensive survey of Locke’s work, not only placing it in its historical context but also exploring its contemporary significance. Comprising almost sixty chapters by a superb team of international contributors, the volume is divided into twelve parts covering the full range of Locke’s thought: Historical Background Locke’s Interlocutors Locke’s Epistemology Locke’s Philosophy of Mind Locke on Philosophy of Language and Logic Locke’s Metaphysics Locke’s Natural Philosophy Locke’s Moral Philosophy Locke on Education Locke’s Political Philosophy Locke’s Social Philosophy Locke on Religion Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, Locke’s work is central to epistemology; metaphysics; philosophy of mind; philosophy of language; natural philosophy; ethical, legal-political, and social philosophy; as well as philosophy of education and philosophy of religion. This volume will also be a valuable resource to those in related humanities and social sciences disciplines with an interest in John Locke. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: John Locke's Political Philosophy and the Hebrew Bible Yechiel M. Leiter, 2018-06-28 John Locke, whose ideas helped give birth to the United States, predicated his political theory on the Hebrew Bible. Why? |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Theory of the Divine Right of Kings John Neville Figgis, 1922 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: LEVIATHAN (Complete Edition) Thomas Hobbes, 2018-11-02 This eBook edition of Leviathan has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature (the war of all against all) could only be avoided by strong, undivided government. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Virginia Declaration of Rights and Cardinal Bellarmine Gaillard Hunt, 2022-10-27 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises of Government John Locke, 1947 Published after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 brought William of Orange and Mary to the throne, but written in the throes of the Whig revolutionary plots against Charles II in the early 1680s, John Locke offers a theory of natural law and natural rights which distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate civil governments, and argues for the legitimacy of revolt against tyrannical governments. These radical ideas remain influential today. In these two treatises the political philosopher John Locke espouses radical theories which influenced the ideologies of the American and French revolutions, and became the basis for the social and political philosophies of Rousseau, Voltaire and the United States founding fathers. In the first treatise Locke aims to refute the doctrine of the patriarchal and absolute right of the Divine Right of Kings doctrine put forth by Sir Robert Filmer's Patriarcha. He examines key Biblical passages to prove that scripture does not support Filmer's premise. The second treatise offers Locke's positive theory of government in which he establishes a theory which reconciles the liberty of the citizen with political order. His basic premise is founded on the independence of the individual. He declares that men are born free and equal in their rights and that wealth is the product of labor. In his revolutionary theory of the social contract he proposes that a legitimate civil government must preserve the rights to life, liberty, health and property of its citizens, and prosecute and punish those in violation of those rights. Reprint of the 1698 third edition. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: In Defense of Anarchism Robert Paul Wolff, 2023-11-15 In Defense of Anarchism is a 1970 book by the philosopher Robert Paul Wolff, in which the author defends individualist anarchism. He argues that individual autonomy and state authority are mutually exclusive and that, as individual autonomy is inalienable, the moral legitimacy of the state collapses. In Defense of Anarchism is a 1970 book by the philosopher Robert Paul Wolff, in which the author defends individualist anarchism. He argues that individual autonomy and state authority are mutually exclusive and that, as individual autonomy is inalienable |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race Naomi Zack, 2017 The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race provides up-to-date explanation and analyses by leading scholars in African American philosophy and philosophy of race. Fifty-one original essays cover major topics from intellectual history to contemporary social controversies in this emerging philosophical subfield that supports demographic inclusion and emphasizes cultural relevance. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Bastardy and Its Comparative History Peter Laslett, Karla Oosterveen, Richard Michael Smith, 1980 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Political Philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau Matt Qvortrup, 2013-07-19 This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. This exciting new text presents the first overview of Jean Jacques Rousseau's work from a political science perspective. Was Rousseau--the great theorist of the French Revolution--really a conservative? This original study argues that the he was a constitutionalist much closer to Madison, Montesquieu, and Locke than to revolutionaries. Outlining his profound opposition to Godless materialism and revolutionary change, this book finds parallels between Rousseau and Burke, as well as showing how Rousseau developed the first modern theory of nationalism. The book presents an integrated political analysis of Rousseau's educational, ethical, religious and political writings, and will be essential reading for students of politics, philosophy and the history of ideas. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Second Treatise of Civil Government John Locke, 2015-08-19 In this, the second of his Two Treatises of Government, John Locke examines humankind’s transition from its original state of nature to a civil society. One can see the lasting influence of Locke’s ideas through their familiarity to the modern reader—the roots of classical liberalism are here, and many of Locke’s arguments foreshadow contemporary debates concerning government, liberty, and property rights. The introduction and annotations included in this edition are intended to contextualize the work and prevent misunderstanding, without advancing any particular scholarly interpretation or merely summarizing Locke’s reasoning. This edition has its origin in the acclaimed Broadview Anthology of Social and Political Thought and adheres to the anthology’s format and high standards of accuracy and accessibility. The Broadview Anthology of Social and Political Thought is edited by Andrew Bailey (University of Guelph), Samantha Brennan (University of Western Ontario), Will Kymlicka (Queen’s University), Jacob Levy (McGill University), Alex Sager (Portland State University), and Clark Wolf (Iowa State University). |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Political Writings John Locke, 1993 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Essays, Scientific, Political, and Speculative Herbert Spencer, 1892 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Patriarchalism Politicl Thgh Gordon J. Schochet, 1975-09-22 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures John Locke, 1695 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: British Philosophy Frederick Copleston, 2003-01-01 Also has chapters on the Cambridge Platonists, Robert Boyle, Sir Isaac Newton, and Deists, among others. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Treasures from the Prose Writings of John Milton John Milton, 1866 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Libertarianism David Boaz, 2010-02-23 Tens of millions of Americans, from Generation X-ers to baby boomers and beyond, are rediscovering libertarianism, a visionary alternative to the tired party orthodoxies of left and right. In 1995 a Gallup poll found that 52 percent of Americans said the federal government has become so large and powerful that it poses an immediate threat to the rights and freedoms of ordinary citizens. Later that year, The Wall Street Journal concurred, saying: Because of their growing disdain for government, more and more Americans appear to be drifting—often unwittingly—toward a libertarian philosophy. Libertarianism is hardly new, but its framework for liberty under law and economic progress makes it especially suited for the dynamic new era we are now entering. In the United States, the bureaucratic leviathan is newly threatened by a resurgence of the libertarian ideas upon which the country was founded. We are witnessing a breakdown of all the cherished beliefs of the welfare-warfare state. Americans have seen the failure of big government. Now, in the 1990s, we are ready to apply the lessons of this century to make the next one the century not of the state but of the free individual. David Boaz presents the essential guidebook to the libertarian perspective, detailing its roots, central tenets, solutions to contemporary policy dilemmas, and future in American politics. He confronts head-on the tough questions frequently posed to libertarians: What about inequality? Who protects the environment? What ties people together if they are essentially self-interested? A concluding section, Are You a Libertarian? gives readers a chance to explore the substance of their own beliefs. Libertarianism is must reading for understanding one of the most exciting and hopeful movements of our time. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises on Civil Government John Locke, 1887 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Freethought and Freedom George H. Smith, 2017-07-18 Liberty of conscience and freedom of thought are twin, core components of modern life in societies across the world. The ability to pursue one?s vision of the right and the good, coupled with liberty to pursue individual reason and enlightenment, helped produce so much of modern life that we may be apt to forget that libertarian philosophy was not dictated by Nature. Freethought and Freedom surveys the long history of religious and intellectual liberty, exploring their key ideas along the way. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: An Essay on the Trial by Jury Lysander Spooner, 2002 One of the earliest treatises on the subject. Spooner's powerful argument for the reform of the jury system holds that jurors should be drawn by lot from the whole body of citizens, and that they should be judges of law as well as of the fact in question. Spooner was well known for his controversial arguments on political and legal subjects. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: The Political Philosophy of St. Robert Bellarmine John Clement Rager, 1995-12-01 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Second Treatise of Government John Locke, 1980-06-01 The Second Treatise is one of the most important political treatises ever written and one of the most far-reaching in its influence. In his provocative 15-page introduction to this edition, the late eminent political theorist C. B. Macpherson examines Locke's arguments for limited, conditional government, private property, and right of revolution and suggests reasons for the appeal of these arguments in Locke's time and since. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Liberty, the God That Failed Christopher A. Ferrara, 2013-03 What has gone wrong with the grand American experiment in ordered liberty? The liberal's answer is that America has failed to live up to its full promise of inclusiveness and equality--likely the result of corporate greed and white male ruling elites. The mainstream conservative or libertarian reply points to the Warren Court, the 1960s, or a loss of Constitutional rectitude. Christopher Ferrara, in Liberty, the God That Failed, offers an entirely different answer. In a counter-narrative of unique power and scope, he unmasks the order promised as a sham; the liberty guaranteed, a chimera. In his telling, the false god of a new political order--Liberty--was born in thought long before America's founding, and gained increasing devotion as it slowly amassed power during the first century of the nation's existence. Today it reveals its full might, as we bear the weight of its oppressive decrees, and experience the emptiness of the secular order it imposes upon us. The secular state has constructed a myth of religious violence to mask its own violent origins and ongoing displays of force. Ferrara destroys this myth with a relentless uncovering of truths hidden by both liberal and conservative/libertarian accounts of what has gone wrong. In this brilliant retelling of American history and political life, the author asks us to open our eyes to harsh realities, but also to the possibilities for a rightly ordered society and the true liberty that can still be ours. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Ideological Differences and World Order. Studies in the Philosophy and Science of the World's Cultures Filmer Stuart Cuckow Northrop, 1949 |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: Two Treatises of Goverment John Locke, 2019-07-16 Two Treatises of Government (or Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. The Latter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government) is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. The First Treatise attacks patriarchalism in the form of sentence-by-sentence refutation of Robert Filmer's Patriarcha, while the Second Treatise outlines Locke's ideas for a more civilized society based on natural rights and contract theory. This publication contrasts former political works by Locke himself. In Two Tracts on Government, written in 1660, Locke defends a very conservative position; however, Locke never published it. In 1669, Locke co-authored the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which endorses aristocracy, slavery and serfdom. Some dispute the extent to which the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina portray Locke's own philosophy, vs. that of the Lord proprietors of the colony; the document was a legal document written for and signed and sealed by the eight Lord proprietors to whom Charles II had granted the colony. In this context, Locke was only a paid secretary, writing it much as a lawyer writes a will. |
| philosophy of sir robert filmer: On Resistance to Evil by Force Ivan Ilyin, 2018-11-05 Written in 1925, On Resistance to Evil by Force is one of the most important tracts composed by white émigré philosopher Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. Responding to the pacifist pretentions of Count Leo Tolstoy, Ilyin mounts a tenacious defence of the Orthodox tradition of physical opposition to evil. As he explains, in the face of evil which can be contained by no other means, a forceful response is not only permissible, but becomes a knightly duty. Further, heroic courage consists not only in recognising this duty, but in bearing its heavy moral burden without fear. In his own time, Ilyin penned this guide for the exiled Russian White Army in its continued resistance against the godless Bolsheviks, yet while the world has developed since the civil war which he lived through, Christians everywhere can still find great relevance in his words, for the same evil continues its designs through other means and under other names. Translated here into English for the first time, On Resistance to Evil by Force is destined to become a classic of Christian ethics. |
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