Planned Economy Book

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  planned economy book: An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe Ivan T. Berend, 2006-04-20 A major history of economic regimes and economic performance throughout the twentieth century. Ivan T. Berend looks at the historic development of the twentieth-century European economy, examining both its failures and its successes in responding to the challenges of this crisis-ridden and troubled but highly successful age. The book surveys the European economy's chronological development, the main factors of economic growth, and the various economic regimes that were invented and introduced in Europe during the twentieth century. Professor Berend shows how the vast disparity between the European regions that had characterized earlier periods gradually began to disappear during the course of the twentieth century as more and more countries reached a more or less similar level of economic development. This accessible book will be required reading for students in European economic history, economics, and modern European history.
  planned economy book: Problems of the Planned Economy John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, Peter Newman, 1990-07-23 This is an excerpt from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. This extract concentrates on problems encountered in a planned economy.
  planned economy book: The Labour Party and the Planned Economy, 1931-1951 Richard Toye, 2003 An exploration of Labour's 1931 pledge to create a planned socialist economy and the reasons for its failure to do so. In the general election of 1931, the Labour Party campaigned on the slogan Plan or Perish. The party's pledge to create a planned socialist economy was a novelty, and marked the rejection of the gradualist, evolutionary socialism to which Labour had adhered under the leadership of Ramsay MacDonald. Although heavily defeated in that election, Labour stuck to its commitment. The Attlee government came to power in 1945 determined to plan comprehensively. Yet, the aspiration to create a fully planned economy was not met. This book explores the origins and evolution of the promise, in order to explain why it was not fulfilled. RICHARD TOYE lectures in history at Homerton College, Cambridge.
  planned economy book: Economic Transition in Vietnam Melanie Beresford, Dang Phong, 2000-12-20 The authors show how development of non-plan trading relations was based on supplies of scarce, aid-subsidised goods which provided the means for local authorities, enterprises and individuals to convert their positions of political and social power into capital. They further highlight the ways in which new, market-oriented trade relations emerged in symbiosis with the planning system and continue to influence the economic structure and institutions today. Economic Transition in Vietnam outlines the many problems currently facing Vietnam, not least how new global forms of integration are affecting future development.--BOOK JACKET.
  planned economy book: The Logic of the Planned Economy Pawel H. Dembinski, 1991 This timely book examines and seeks to explain the inner contradictions of centrally planned economies and shows how the seeds of their collapse had existed within the system from the very start. The author shows how the orthodox ideological principles of the system rendered it inflexible and incapable of reform and thus unable to transform itself into an efficient modern economy. Though the system as such has ceased to exist, it is as yet only the rules that have disappeared--the system's components continue to exist and, the author argues, a proper understanding of the origins and previous functions of each component is necessary if it is to be integrated into the new system.
  planned economy book: Models of Disequilibrium and Shortage in Centrally Planned Economies C.M. Davis, W. Charemza, 2012-12-06 The centrally planned economies (CPEs) of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have experienced severe imbalances in domestic and external markets over the past several decades. As a result, they have been chronically afflicted by problems such as excess demand, repressed inflation, deficits of commodities, queues, waiting lists, and forced savings. Economists have responded to these phenomena by developing appropriate theoretical and empirical models of CPEs. Of particular note have been the pioneering studies of Richard Portes on disequilibrium econometric models and Janos Kornai on the shortage economy. Each approach has attracted followers who have produced numerous, innovative macro- and microeconomic models of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, and the USSR. These models have proved to be of considerable value in the analysis of the causes, consequences and remedies of disequilibrium phenomena. Inevitably, the new research has also generated controversies both between and within the schools of shortage and disequilibrium modelling, concerning the fundamental nature of the socialist economy, theoretical concepts and definitions, the specification of models, estimation techniques, interpretation of empirical findings, and policy recommend ations. Furthermore, the research effort has been energetic but incomplete, so many gaps exist in the field.
  planned economy book: Red Plenty Francis Spufford, 2012-02-14 Spufford cunningly maps out a literary genre of his own . . . Freewheeling and fabulous. —The Times (London) Strange as it may seem, the gray, oppressive USSR was founded on a fairy tale. It was built on the twentieth-century magic called the planned economy, which was going to gush forth an abundance of good things that the lands of capitalism could never match. And just for a little while, in the heady years of the late 1950s, the magic seemed to be working. Red Plenty is about that moment in history, and how it came, and how it went away; about the brief era when, under the rash leadership of Khrushchev, the Soviet Union looked forward to a future of rich communists and envious capitalists, when Moscow would out-glitter Manhattan and every Lada would be better engineered than a Porsche. It's about the scientists who did their genuinely brilliant best to make the dream come true, to give the tyranny its happy ending. Red Plenty is history, it's fiction, it's as ambitious as Sputnik, as uncompromising as an Aeroflot flight attendant, and as different from what you were expecting as a glass of Soviet champagne.
  planned economy book: Towards a Theory of Planned Economy Branko Horvat, 2018 This title was first published in 1964: The purpose of the present study is to examine the issues involved in designing an efficient economic system in given historical circumstances.The author draws heavily on the experiences provided by the failures and successes of the postwar Yugoslav economy. The book is one of the first major studies, in English, of the theory of an economy of the Yugoslav type.
  planned economy book: Towards a Theory of Planned Economy Branko Horvat, 2018-09-28 This title was first published in 1964: The purpose of the present study is to examine the issues involved in designing an efficient economic system in given historical circumstances. The author draws heavily on the experiences provided by the failures and successes of the postwar Yugoslav economy. The book is one of the first major studies, in English, of the theory of an economy of the Yugoslav type.
  planned economy book: Controlling Credit Eric Monnet, 2018-11-15 Monnet analyzes monetary and central bank policy during the mid-twentieth century through close examination of the Banque de France.
  planned economy book: Democracy, Plan, and Market David Mandel, Yakov Kronrod, 2017 This is the first book in English to present a succinct overview of the influential work of Russian economist Yakov Abramovich Kronrod (1912-1984) on the political economy of socialism. Kronrod headed the theoretical section of the Institute of Economics of the Academy of the USSR in the 1970s until the authorities decided that his ideas were dangerous, banning Kronrod's publications until his death in 1984. Kronrod argued that while national ownership and democracy are the dominant relations of socialism, commodity-market relations nevertheless have an important role to play in the planned economy. This stunning, revelatory book includes a first translation of one of Kronrod's key essays, 'Socio-oligarchism-Pseudo-Socialism of the Twentieth Century' and introduces Kronrod's thought to the English-speaking world for the first time.
  planned economy book: Central Planning Paul G. Hare, 1991-11-22 Examines the nature and the mode of operation of the centrally planned economy, assessing its strengths and the weaknesses that eventually led to its demise.
  planned economy book: Democratic Economic Planning Robin Hahnel, 2021-05-31 Democratic Economic Planning presents a concrete proposal for how to organize, carry out, and integrate comprehensive annual economic planning, investment planning, and long-run development planning so as to maximize popular participation, distribute the burdens and benefits of economic activity fairly, achieve environmental sustainability, and use scarce productive resources efficiently. The participatory planning procedures proposed provide workers in self-managed councils and consumers in neighbourhood councils with autonomy over their own activities while ensuring that they use scarce productive resources in socially responsible ways without subjecting them to competitive market forces. Certain mathematical and economic skills are required to fully understand and evaluate the planning procedures discussed and evaluated in technical sections in a number of chapters. These sections are necessary to advance the theory of democratic planning, and should be of primary interest to readers who have those skills. However, the book is written so that the main argument can be followed without fully digesting the more technical sections. Democratic Economic Planning is written for dreamers who are disenamored with the economics of competition and greed want to know how a system of equitable cooperation can be organized; and also for sceptics who demand hard proof that an economy without markets and private enterprise is possible.
  planned economy book: Labour and Leisure in the Soviet Union William Moskoff, 1984-06-18
  planned economy book: Planned Economy Fouad Sabry, 2023-12-25 What is Planned Economy A planned economy is a form of economic system in which the distribution of goods and services, as well as the investment, production, and allocation of capital assets, are carried out in accordance with economic plans that are either applicable to the entire economy or are restricted to a specific category of products and services. Different types of economic planning, such as centralized, decentralized, participative, or Soviet-style planning, may be utilized in a planned economy. Depending on the particular kind of planning mechanism that is utilized, the degree of centralization or decentralization that is present in decision-making and involvement should be determined. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Planned economy Chapter 2: Economic calculation problem Chapter 3: Socialism Chapter 4: Mixed economy Chapter 5: Participatory economics Chapter 6: Economic system Chapter 7: Robin Hahnel Chapter 8: Lange model Chapter 9: Pat Devine Chapter 10: Economic planning Chapter 11: Production for use Chapter 12: Facilitation board Chapter 13: Authoritarian socialism Chapter 14: Democratic socialism Chapter 15: State socialism Chapter 16: Social ownership Chapter 17: Soviet-type economic planning Chapter 18: Market socialism Chapter 19: Socialist economics Chapter 20: Socialist calculation debate Chapter 21: Towards a New Socialism (II) Answering the public top questions about planned economy. (III) Real world examples for the usage of planned economy in many fields. (IV) Rich glossary featuring over 1200 terms to unlock a comprehensive understanding of planned economy. (eBook only). Who will benefit Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of planned economy.
  planned economy book: Growing Out of the Plan Barry Naughton, 1995 This is a comprehensive study of China's economic reforms, from their beginnings at the end of 1978 through the completion of many of the initial reform measures during 1993. The features of Chinese reform that differ from the former USSR are highlighted.
  planned economy book: Michal Kalecki on a Socialist Economy Jerzy Osiatynski, 1988-06-18 Kalecki's ideas on economic functioning are discussed in this book, followed by an analysis of his contributions to the theories of long-run planning and growth under socialism. His ideas on social aspects of economic development under socialism are discussed.
  planned economy book: The Plans That Failed André Steiner, 2013-08-01 The establishment of the Communist social model in one part of Germany was a result of international postwar developments, of the Cold War waged by East and West, and of the resultant partition of Germany. As the author argues, the GDR’s ‘new’ society was deliberately conceived as a counter-model to the liberal and marketregulated system. Although the hopes connected with this alternative system turned out to be misplaced and the planned economy may be thoroughly discredited today, it is important to understand the context in which it developed and failed. This study, a bestseller in its German version, offers an in-depth exploration of the GDR economy’s starting conditions and the obstacles to growth it confronted during the consolidation phase. These factors, however, were not decisive in the GDR’s lack of growth compared to that of the Federal Republic. As this study convincingly shows, it was the economic model that led to failure.
  planned economy book: Socialism and Commodity Production: Essay in Marx Revival Paresh Chattopadhyay, 2018-08-07 ‘Socialism’ is a word that is now habitually taken to refer to a particular social system that prevailed in different parts of the globe during the twentieth century. This system was defined primarily by single-party rule with public (mainly state) ownership of the means of production along with a centrally planned economy. Its material base was generalised commodity production. The spokespersons of this system claim that this socialism was derived from Marx. Paresh Chattopadhyay’s Socialism and Commodity Production argues the falsity of this claim. On the basis of a comprehensive study of Marx's own texts, as well as a detailed engagement with a wide variety of theorists of socialist economics, it shows that Marx's socialism constituted an ‘Association’ of free individuals in which private ownership, the commodity, wage labour and the state have no place.
  planned economy book: Politics of Economic Planning E.F.M. Durbin, 2013-04-15 The issue of planning prompted some of the fiercest debate in mid-twentieth century economics. Politics of Economic Planning collects together a number of papers from journals and contributed books that examine the problems of economic planning in a free society. They fall into three groups: Part 1 explains the idea of socialism and defines it in relation to democracy. Part 2 discusses problems of economic planning both in relation to political economy on the practice of planning and with the application of the theory of value to the conditions of a centrally directed economy. Part 3 examines the nature of economics.
  planned economy book: Sorting Out the Mixed Economy Amy C. Offner, 2021-06-08 The untold story of how U.S. development efforts in postwar Latin America helped lead to the dismantling of the U.S. welfare state. ... In this groundbreaking book, Amy Offner brings readers to Colombia and back, showing the entanglement of American societies and the contradictory promises of midcentury statebuilding. The untold story of how the road from the New Deal to the Great Society ran through Latin America, Sorting Out the Mixed Economy also offers a surprising new account of the origins of neoliberalism.
  planned economy book: Manufacturing a Socialist Modernity Kimberly Elman Zarecor, 2011-04-10 Eastern European prefabricated housing blocks are often vilified as the visible manifestations of everything that was wrong with state socialism. For many inside and outside the region, the uniformity of these buildings became symbols of the dullness and drudgery of everyday life. Manufacturing a Socialist Modernity complicates this common perception. Analyzing the cultural, intellectual, and professional debates surrounding the construction of mass housing in early postwar Czechoslovakia, Zarecor shows that these housing blocks served an essential function in the planned economy and reflected an interwar aesthetic, derived from constructivism and functionalism, that carried forward into the 1950s. With a focus on prefabricated and standardized housing built from 1945 to 1960, Zarecor offers broad and innovative insights into the country's transition from capitalism to state socialism. She demonstrates that during this shift, architects and engineers consistently strove to meet the needs of Czechs and Slovaks despite challenging economic conditions, a lack of material resources, and manufacturing and technological limitations. In the process, architects were asked to put aside their individual creative aspirations and transform themselves into technicians and industrial producers. Manufacturing a Socialist Modernity is the first comprehensive history of architectural practice and the emergence of prefabricated housing in the Eastern Bloc. Through discussions of individual architects and projects, as well as building typologies, professional associations, and institutional organization, it opens a rare window into the cultural and economic life of Eastern Europe during the early postwar period.
  planned economy book: The Political Economy of Property Rights David L. Weimer, 1997-04-13 Originally published in 1997, The Political Economy of Property Rights reports on comparative research into the transformation of property rights in post-communist countries and China. Two important theoretical questions unify the contributions: what aspects of political systems give credibility to systems of property rights? What can be learned from the transformation of property rights in post-communist countries about the large-scale change of economic institutions? The contributors consider the credibility of property rights as arising from the strategic interaction of political and economic actors, and they apply this perspective and test its implications using a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods. Overall, the volume demonstrates the value of coordinated cross-national research by area specialists sharing a common focus on questions of political economy.
  planned economy book: Socialism, Capitalism and Alternatives Peter J. S. Duncan, Elisabeth Schimpfössl, 2019-10-14 In 1989 the Berlin Wall came down. Two years later the Soviet Union disintegrated. The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union discredited the idea of socialism for generations to come. It was seen as representing the final and irreversible victory of capitalism. This triumphal dominance was barely challenged until the 2008 financial crisis threw the Western world into a state of turmoil. Through analysis of post-socialist Russia and Central and Eastern Europe, as well as of the United Kingdom, China and the United States, Socialism, Capitalism and Alternatives confronts the difficulty we face in articulating alternatives to capitalism, socialism and threatening populist regimes. Beginning with accounts of the impact of capitalism on countries left behind by the planned economies, the volume moves on to consider how China has become a beacon of dynamic economic growth, aggressively expanding its global influence. The final section of the volume poses alternatives to the ideological dominance of neoliberalism in the West. Since the 2008 financial crisis, demands for social change have erupted across the world. Exposing the failure of neoliberalism in the United Kingdom and examining recent social movements in Europe and the United States, the closing chapters identify how elements of past ideas are re-emerging, among them Keynesianism and radical socialism. As those chapters indicate, these ideas might well have potential to mobilise support and challenge the dominance of neoliberalism.
  planned economy book: Cuban Economists on the Cuban Economy Al Campbell, 2013-07-09 Cuban Economists on the Cuban Economy was written, in part, to reveal the rigorous research conducted within the country and to clarify the different factors that Cubans emphasize in examining their place on the world economic stage. It also provides unique insights into the island’s fight against poverty, its aging population, and its trade unions. This book will be an invaluable resource for years to come.
  planned economy book: Choice of Techniques Amartya Kumar Sen, 1968
  planned economy book: How China Escaped Shock Therapy Isabella M. Weber, 2021-05-26 China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country’s rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped China’s path. In the first post-Mao decade, China’s reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketization—but struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russia’s economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on China’s economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without.
  planned economy book: China's Megatrends John Naisbitt, Doris Naisbitt, 2009-12-16 “[John Naisbitt’s] vision of the world’s economy has the mark of genius.” —Minneapolis Star Tribune Internationally-renowned futurist and bestselling author John Naisbitt is back with China’s Megatrends, the most comprehensive look at the present and future of China and the transformation that is reshaping its economic, political, and social systems. Since publishing the enormously popular Megatrends—a New York Times bestseller for two years that has been published in 57 countries—John Naisbitt has become the most respected and well-known prognosticator of global trends. To write China’s Megatrends, Naisbitt and wife Doris were granted unprecedented access by the Chinese government to all aspects of the country and its social model. Using the same techniques of information gathering and analysis as Megatrends, the Naisbitts present a prescient and unique perspective on the emergent global power and its role in the future of globalization.
  planned economy book: The Planned Economies and International Economic Organizations Jozef M. Brabant, 1991-04-26 This is the first comprehensive study of the role of socialist countries within the international economic order. The author presents an overview of the emergence of the postwar economic order and examines the key features of three kinds of centrally planned economies. He then analyzes the role of financial frameworks and the international trade system in ensuring smooth economic relations among market-type economies and he details the problems of associating typical CPEs within them. Finally Jozef van Brabant explores the possibility of reconstituting a multilateral economic order that can provide greater security, predictability, stability and reliability in international economic relations. The Planned Economies and International Economic Organizations is written at a time when the Soviet Union and other centrally planned economies are seeking closer links with the mainstream world economy. It will therefore be of interest to governments and institutional economists as well as to students and specialists of Soviet and East European studies, international relations and comparative economics.
  planned economy book: Alienation and the Soviet Economy Paul Craig Roberts, 1971
  planned economy book: The Economics of Transition Ichiro Iwasaki, 2020-04-28 In the last three decades since the fall of the Berlin Wall, there has been a vast amount of study looking at transforming the planned economy to a market economy from both theoretical and empirical aspects. This book provides an overview and insight into transition economies in the recent decades and looks at key economics topics from the so-called “transition strategy debate” to environmental reform. The book also includes an analytical review and meta-analysis of the existing literature. By integrating theoretical discussions and synthesizing empirical findings in a systematic manner, this book may help to enlighten the debate on the timing, speed, and policy sequence of economic transition. The book will particularly appeal to researchers, policy makers, other practitioners, and under- and post-graduate students who are interested in transition economies in Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, and China. It aims to be read as an advanced reader.
  planned economy book: How Reform Worked in China Yingyi Qian, 2017-11-24 A noted Chinese economist examines the mechanisms behind China's economic reforms, arguing that universal principles and specific implementations are equally important. As China has transformed itself from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, economists have tried to understand and interpret the success of Chinese reform. As the Chinese economist Yingyi Qian explains, there are two schools of thought on Chinese reform: the “School of Universal Principles,” which ascribes China's successful reform to the workings of the free market, and the “School of Chinese Characteristics,” which holds that China's reform is successful precisely because it did not follow the economics of the market but instead relied on the government. In this book, Qian offers a third perspective, taking certain elements from each school of thought but emphasizing not why reform worked but how it did. Economics is a science, but economic reform is applied science and engineering. To a practitioner, it is more useful to find a feasible reform path than the theoretically best way. The key to understanding how reform has worked in China, Qian argues, is to consider the way reform designs respond to initial historical conditions and contemporary constraints. Qian examines the role of “transitional institutions”—not “best practice institutions” but “incentive-compatible institutions”—in Chinese reform; the dual-track approach to market liberalization; the ownership of firms, viewed both theoretically and empirically; government decentralization, offering and testing hypotheses about its link to local economic development; and the specific historical conditions of China's regional-based central planning.
  planned economy book: How to Be an Anticapitalist in the Twenty-First Century Erik Olin Wright, 2021-04-13 What is wrong with capitalism, and how can we change it? Capitalism has transformed the world and increased our productivity, but at the cost of enormous human suffering. Our shared values—equality and fairness, democracy and freedom, community and solidarity—can provide both the basis for a critique of capitalism and help to guide us toward a socialist and democratic society. Erik Olin Wright has distilled decades of work into this concise and tightly argued manifesto: analyzing the varieties of anticapitalism, assessing different strategic approaches, and laying the foundations for a society dedicated to human flourishing. How to Be an Anticapitalist in the Twenty-First Century is an urgent and powerful argument for socialism, and an unparalleled guide to help us get there. Another world is possible. Included is an afterword by the author’s close friend and collaborator Michael Burawoy.
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  planned economy book: Optimal Decisions In Markets And Planned Economies Richard Quandt, Dusan Triska, 2019-09-03 Much research into the economics of socialist planned economies has emphasized macroeconomic issues central to setting and meeting macroeconomic goals, and research on the theory of the firm in capitalist economies is not generally relevant to socialist economies. In this volume, leading economists from both East and West fill the gap in the literature by examining in critical detail many different aspects of the microeconomics of the firm in socialist economies.
  planned economy book: Mission Economy Mariana Mazzucato, 2021-03-23 Longlisted for the 2021 Porchlight Business Book Awards, Big Ideas & New Perspectives “She offers something both broad and scarce: a compelling new story about how to create a desirable future.”—New York Times An award-winning author and leading international economist delivers a hard-hitting and much needed critique of modern capitalism in which she argues that, to solve the massive crises facing us, we must be innovative—we must use collaborative, mission-oriented thinking while also bringing a stakeholder view of public private partnerships which means not only taking risks together but also sharing the rewards. Capitalism is in crisis. The rich have gotten richer—the 1 percent, those with more than $1 million, own 44 percent of the world's wealth—while climate change is transforming—and in some cases wiping out—life on the planet. We are plagued by crises threatening our lives, and this situation is unsustainable. But how do we fix these problems decades in the making? Mission Economy looks at the grand challenges facing us in a radically new way. Global warming, pollution, dementia, obesity, gun violence, mobility—these environmental, health, and social dilemmas are huge, complex, and have no simple solutions. Mariana Mazzucato argues we need to think bigger and mobilize our resources in a way that is as bold as inspirational as the moon landing—this time to the most ‘wicked’ social problems of our time.. We can only begin to find answers if we fundamentally restructure capitalism to make it inclusive, sustainable, and driven by innovation that tackles concrete problems from the digital divide, to health pandemics, to our polluted cities. That means changing government tools and culture, creating new markers of corporate governance, and ensuring that corporations, society, and the government coalesce to share a common goal. We did it to go to the moon. We can do it again to fix our problems and improve the lives of every one of us. We simply can no longer afford not to.
  planned economy book: Planning Labour Alina-Sandra Cucu, 2025-10-01 Impoverished, indebted, and underdeveloped at the close of World War II, Romania underwent dramatic changes as part of its transition to a centrally planned economy. As with the Soviet experience, it pursued a policy of “primitive socialist accumulation” whereby the state appropriated agricultural surplus and restricted workers’ consumption in support of industrial growth. Focusing on the daily operations of planning in the ethnically mixed city of Cluj from 1945 to 1955, this book argues that socialist accumulation was deeply contradictory: it not only inherited some of the classical tensions of capital accumulation, but also generated its own, which derived from the multivocal nature of the state socialist worker as a creator of value, as living labour, and as a subject of emancipatory politics.
  planned economy book: Transition and Beyond S. Estrin, G. Kolodko, M. Uvalic, 2007-08-10 This book covers a wide variety of aspects of transition in Central and Southeast Europe and the CIS, including the socialist legacy, privatization and growth, skills, and banking reforms. It also covers the evolution of the global economy beyond transition, looking at complexity, risk management, the optimal transition path, and globalization.
  planned economy book: Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926-1929 Edward Hallett Carr, Robert William Davies, 1971
  planned economy book: A Planned Economy Or Free Enterprise; Ephraim 1888- Lipson, 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Planned or Planed – Which Spelling Is Correct? - Grammarhow
‘Planned’ and ‘planed’ are both correct and valid words, and they differ in meaning. While ‘planning’ means and involves decision-making, preparing, and organizing things ahead of …

PLANNED Synonyms: 159 Similar and Opposite Words | Merriam ...
Synonyms for PLANNED: designed, intended, deliberate, intentional, conscious, purposeful, voluntary, willed; Antonyms of PLANNED: chance, random, unintentional, inadvertent, …

Planed vs Planned: What's the Difference and Correct Spelling?
Sep 29, 2022 · Planned means arranged, organized, or done in accordance to a place when used as a verb. Planed means to glide or soar, to level and smooth a surface when used as a verb. …

Planned - definition of planned by The Free Dictionary
Define planned. planned synonyms, planned pronunciation, planned translation, English dictionary definition of planned. n. 1. An orderly or step-by-step conception or proposal for …

PLANNED Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Nationwide protests are planned for Saturday, June 14, the same day as the parade. From Salon The Times says that there are 100 graduation events planned for the first days of this week, …

PLANNED | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
PLANNED definition: 1. past simple and past participle of plan 2. past simple and past participle of plan. Learn more.

Planned - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘planned'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of …

PLANNED definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
The planned merger has brought pressure from the City to cut costs. A planned demonstration has been called off by its organisers. Canberra is a planned, purpose-built capital for a young …

planned - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Mar 11, 2025 · planned (not comparable) Existing or designed according to a plan. at or through the planning stage, but not yet implemented or started.

Planned - Definition, Meaning, and Examples in English
planned: Used when a course of action or series of events has been decided and outlined in detail ahead of time. We have a planned trip to Paris next month; The project was meticulously …

Planned or Planed – Which Spelling Is Correct? - Grammarhow
‘Planned’ and ‘planed’ are both correct and valid words, and they differ in meaning. While ‘planning’ means and involves decision-making, preparing, and organizing things ahead of …

PLANNED Synonyms: 159 Similar and Opposite Words | Merriam ...
Synonyms for PLANNED: designed, intended, deliberate, intentional, conscious, purposeful, voluntary, willed; Antonyms of PLANNED: chance, random, unintentional, inadvertent, …

Planed vs Planned: What's the Difference and Correct Spelling?
Sep 29, 2022 · Planned means arranged, organized, or done in accordance to a place when used as a verb. Planed means to glide or soar, to level and smooth a surface when used as a verb. …

Planned - definition of planned by The Free Dictionary
Define planned. planned synonyms, planned pronunciation, planned translation, English dictionary definition of planned. n. 1. An orderly or step-by-step conception or proposal for …

PLANNED Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Nationwide protests are planned for Saturday, June 14, the same day as the parade. From Salon The Times says that there are 100 graduation events planned for the first days of this week, …

PLANNED | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
PLANNED definition: 1. past simple and past participle of plan 2. past simple and past participle of plan. Learn more.

Planned - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms | Vocabulary.com
DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘planned'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of …

PLANNED definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
The planned merger has brought pressure from the City to cut costs. A planned demonstration has been called off by its organisers. Canberra is a planned, purpose-built capital for a young …

planned - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Mar 11, 2025 · planned (not comparable) Existing or designed according to a plan. at or through the planning stage, but not yet implemented or started.

Planned - Definition, Meaning, and Examples in English
planned: Used when a course of action or series of events has been decided and outlined in detail ahead of time. We have a planned trip to Paris next month; The project was meticulously …