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| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Mechanisms of Evolution Christopher J. Paradise, A. Malcolm Campbell, 2016-04-27 Three of the four major mechanisms of evolution, natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are examined. There are 5 tenets of natural selection that influence individual organisms: Individuals within populations are variable, that variation is heritable, organisms differ in their ability to survive and reproduce, more individuals are produced in a generation than can survive, and survival & reproduction of those variable individuals are non-random. Organisms respond evolutionarily to changes in their environment and other selection pressures, including global climate change. The importance of spatial structure of a population in relation to how it affects the strength of gene flow and/or genetic drift, as well as the genetic variation and evolution of populations, is shown. Gene flow tends to reduce variation between populations and increase it within populations, whereas genetic drift tends to reduce genetic variation, especially in small, isolated populations. The mechanisms of evolution can lead to speciation, which requires both time and genetic isolation of populations, in addition to natural selection or genetic drift. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: In Search of the Causes of Evolution Peter R. Grant, B. Rosemary Grant, 2021-07-13 Evolutionary biology has witnessed breathtaking advances in recent years. Some of its most exciting insights have come from the crossover of disciplines as varied as paleontology, molecular biology, ecology, and genetics. This book brings together many of today's pioneers in evolutionary biology to describe the latest advances and explain why a cross-disciplinary and integrated approach to research questions is so essential. Contributors discuss the origins of biological diversity, mechanisms of evolutionary change at the molecular and developmental levels, morphology and behavior, and the ecology of adaptive radiations and speciation. They highlight the mutual dependence of organisms and their environments, and reveal the different strategies today's researchers are using in the field and laboratory to explore this interdependence. Peter and Rosemary Grant--renowned for their influential work on Darwin's finches in the Galápagos--provide concise introductions to each section and identify the key questions future research needs to address. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Myra Awodey, Christopher N. Balakrishnan, Rowan D. H. Barrett, May R. Berenbaum, Paul M. Brakefield, Philip J. Currie, Scott V. Edwards, Douglas J. Emlen, Joshua B. Gross, Hopi E. Hoekstra, Richard Hudson, David Jablonski, David T. Johnston, Mathieu Joron, David Kingsley, Andrew H. Knoll, Mimi A. R. Koehl, June Y. Lee, Jonathan B. Losos, Isabel Santos Magalhaes, Albert B. Phillimore, Trevor Price, Dolph Schluter, Ole Seehausen, Clifford J. Tabin, John N. Thompson, and David B. Wake. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Evolution of Endothermy - From Patterns to Mechanisms Elias T. Polymeropoulos, Rebecca Oelkrug, Martin Jastroch, 2018-09-14 Metabolic rate is a key ecophysiological factor determining fitness, distribution, survival and reproductive strategies of organisms. The ability to endogenously produce heat and elevate body temperature beyond ambient, has far reaching ecological implications. The diversity of thermogenic mechanisms and strategies employed throughout the animal kingdom is truly phenomenal and one of the greatest biological mysteries. Interestingly, even heat producing plants have been characterised. Over the last several decades, the oversimplified distinction between warm- and cold blooded animals has well and truly been put to rest and the terms “endo- and ectotherm” have been established. Birds and mammals are regarded as endotherms, capable of maintaining high body temperatures within highly precise boundaries. On contrary, in ectothermic organisms ambient temperature governs body temperature and metabolism, encompassing the majority of present day species. However, it has recently become very clear that this distinction is still not accurate enough to describe the vastness of heat generating mechanisms within endo- but also ectotherms. Indeed, a plethora of ectothermic animals display endogenous as well as behavioural means of temperature control and mechanisms for heat generation. There is large diversity in regards to thermoregulatory ability and strategy within endotherms as well, with some groups being classified by separate categories such as basoendotherms and mesotherms. Considerable interest and efforts has been put into the quest to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms leading and facilitating high metabolic rates and body temperatures of endotherms. These mechanisms are far from being exhaustively studied and the evolutionary trajectory leading to high metabolic rates and stable body temperatures is equally, vividly debated. This discussion includes an array of questions and theories surrounding the presence of endothermy in extinct dinosaurs. In addition, a lively debate surrounds the evolutionary drivers promoting the establishment of endothermy with clear support of direct or indirect selective benefits. Within this Research Topic we plan to compile the latest ideas, knowledge and experimental work to elucidate the patterns of the evolution of endothermy and its transition/distinction from ectothermy. The focus is on key physiological mechanisms supporting this transition and contributing to the maintenance of high metabolic rates and body temperature in endotherms, as well as mechanisms for local heterothermy and heat dissipation in ectotherms. These mechanisms and conclusions may be derived from different levels of organisation such as population, taxon, species as well as tissue, cellular or molecular levels. It may also encompass novel experimental or theoretical models testing evolutionary theories of endothermy. A comparative approach is encouraged but not fundamental. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns in Evolution Roger Lewin, 1999 This work shows how the tools of molecular biology are transforming the way in which evolution is viewed. Genetic analysis, especially from the DNA of prehistoric creatures, has enabled scientists to remap the history of life, producing new findings about evolutionary lineages and animal behaviour. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution Max Hecht, 2013-11-11 This volume is the result of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in England at Kingswood Hall of Residence, Royal Holloway College (London University), Surrey, during the last two weeks of July, 1976. The ASI was organized within the guide lines laid down by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. During the past two decades, significant advances have been made in our understanding of vertebrate evolution. The purpose of the Institute was to present the current status of our know ledge of vertebrate evolution above the species level. Since the subject matter was obviously too broad to be covered adequately in the limited time available, selected topics, problems, and areas which are applicable to vertebrate zoology as a whole were reviewed. The program was divided into three areas: (1) the theory and methodology of phyletic inference and approaches to the an alysis of macroevolutionary trends as applied to vertebrates; (2) the application of these methodological principles and an alytical processes to different groups and structures, particular ly in anatomy and paleontology; (3) the application of these re sults to classification. The basic principles considered in the first area were outlined in lectures covering the problems of character analysis, functional morphology, karyological evidence, biochemical evidence, morphogenesis, and biogeography. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Temporal Patterns and Mechanisms of Biodiversity Across Scales in East Asia Zehao Shen, George P. Malanson, Jinlong Zhang, Meng Yao, 2021-07-27 |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution Robert Lynn Carroll, 1997-04-28 The factors that influenced the evolution of the vertebrates are compared with the importance of variation and selection that Darwin emphasised in this broad study of the patterns and forces of evolutionary change. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Evolution Jonathan Bard, 2021-12-30 Evolution is the single unifying principle of biology and core to everything in the life sciences. More than a century of work by scientists from across the biological spectrum has produced a detailed history of life across the phyla and explained the mechanisms by which new species form. This textbook covers both this history and the mechanisms of speciation; it also aims to provide students with the background needed to read the research literature on evolution. Students will therefore learn about cladistics, molecular phylogenies, the molecular-genetical basis of evolutionary change including the important role of protein networks, symbionts and holobionts, together with the core principles of developmental biology. The book also includes introductory appendices that provide background knowledge on, for example, the diversity of life today, fossils, the geology of Earth and the history of evolutionary thought. Key Features Summarizes the origins of life and the evolution of the eukaryotic cell and of Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of invertebrates and vertebrates. Reviews the history of life across the phyla based on the fossil record and computational phylogenetics. Explains evo-devo and the generation of anatomical novelties. Illustrates the roles of small populations, genetic drift, mutation and selection in speciation. Documents human evolution using the fossil record and evidence of dispersal across the world leading to the emergence of modern humans. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns and Processes in the History of Life D. Jablonski, D.M. Raup, 2012-12-06 Hypothesis testing is not a straightforward matter in the fossil record and here, too interactions with biology can be extremely profitable. Quite simply, predictions regarding long-term consequences of processes observed in liv ing organisms can be tested directly using paleontological data if those liv ing organisms have an adequate fossil record, thus avoiding the pitfalls of extrapolative approaches. We hope to see a burgeoning of this interactive effort in the coming years. Framing and testing of hypotheses in paleon tological subjects inevitably raises the problem of inferring process from pattern, and the consideration and elimination of a broad range of rival hy is an essential procedure here. In a historical science such as potheses paleontology, the problem often arises that the events that are of most in terest are unique in the history of life. For example, replication of the metazoan radiation at the beginning of the Cambrian is not feasible. How ever, decomposition of such problems into component hypotheses may at least in part alleviate this difficulty. For example, hypotheses built upon the role of species packing might be tested by comparing evolutionary dy namics (both morphological and taxonomic) during another global diversi fication, such as the biotic rebound from the end-Permian extinction, which removed perhaps 95% of the marine species (see Valentine, this volume). The subject of extinction, and mass extinction in particular, has become important in both paleobiology and biology. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution Motoo Kimura, 1983 This book is the first comprehensive treatment of this subject. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Malay Archipelago Alfred Russel Wallace, 1898 |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: An Interactive Introduction to Organismal and Molecular Biology Andrea Bierema, 2021 |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process Andrew P. Hendry, Michael T. Kinnison, 2012-10-08 From guppies to Galapagos finches and from adaptive landscapes to haldanes, this compilation of contributed works provides reviews, perspectives, theoretical models, statistical developments, and empirical demonstrations exploring the tempo and mode of microevolution on contemporary to geological time scales. New developments, and reviews, of classic and novel empirical systems demonstrate the strength and diversity of evolutionary processes producing biodiversity within species. Perspectives and theoretical insights expand these empirical observations to explore patterns and mechanisms of microevolution, methods for its quantification, and implications for the evolution of biodiversity on other scales. This diverse assemblage of manuscripts is aimed at professionals, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates who desire a timely synthesis of current knowledge, an illustration of exciting new directions, and a springboard for future investigations in the study of microevolution in the wild. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Environmental Epigenetics L. Joseph Su, Tung-chin Chiang, 2015-05-18 This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record , 1977-01-15 Patterns of evolution, as illustrated by the fossil record |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Shape of Life Rudolf A. Raff, 2012-12-14 Rudolf Raff is recognized as a pioneer in evolutionary developmental biology. In their 1983 book, Embryos, Genes, and Evolution, Raff and co-author Thomas Kaufman proposed a synthesis of developmental and evolutionary biology. In The Shape of Life, Raff analyzes the rise of this new experimental discipline and lays out new research questions, hypotheses, and approaches to guide its development. Raff uses the evolution of animal body plans to exemplify the interplay between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary patterns. Animal body plans emerged half a billion years ago. Evolution within these body plans during this span of time has resulted in the tremendous diversity of living animal forms. Raff argues for an integrated approach to the study of the intertwined roles of development and evolution involving phylogenetic, comparative, and functional biology. This new synthesis will interest not only scientists working in these areas, but also paleontologists, zoologists, morphologists, molecular biologists, and geneticists. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Cryptic Female Choice in Arthropods Alfredo V. Peretti, Anita Aisenberg, 2015-05-25 This timely book revisits cryptic female choice in arthropods, gathering detailed contributions from around the world to address key behavioral, ecological and evolutionary questions. The reader will find a critical summary of major breakthroughs in taxon-oriented chapters that offer many new perspectives and cases to explore and in many cases unpublished data. Many groups of arthropods such as spiders, harvestmen, flies, moths, crickets, earwigs, beetles, eusocial insects, shrimp and crabs are discussed. Sexual selection is currently the focus of numerous and controversial theoretical and experimental studies. Selection in mating and post-mating patterns can be shaped by several different mechanisms, including sperm competition, extreme sexual conflict and cryptic female choice. Discrimination among males during or after copulation is called cryptic female choice because it occurs after intromission, the event that was formerly used as the definitive criterion of male reproductive success and is therefore usually difficult to detect and confirm. Because it sequentially follows intra- and intersexual interactions that occur before copulation, cryptic female choice has the power to alter or negate precopulatory sexual selection. However, though female roles in biasing male paternity after copulation have been proposed for a number of species distributed in many animal groups, cryptic female choice continues to be often underestimated. Furthermore, in recent years the concept of sexual conflict has been frequently misused, linking sexual selection by female choice irrevocably and exclusively with sexually antagonistic co-evolution, without exploring other alternatives. The book offers an essential source of information on how two fields, selective cooperation and individual sex interests, work together in the context of cryptic female choice in nature, using arthropods as model organisms. It is bound to spark valuable discussions among scientists working in evolutionary biology across the world, motivating new generations to unveil the astonishing secrets of sexual biology throughout the animal kingdom. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: OOIS’96 Dilipkumar Patel, Yuan Sun, Shushmaben Patel, 2012-12-06 This volume contains the papers presented at the Third International Conference on Object Oriented Information Systems (00lS'96) which was held at South Bank University, London. The keynote addresses, by Professor Colette Roland and Mr Ian Graham, are also included. The acceptance rate for papers was around 47%. The papers for the Industry Day were invited papers. The keynote paper by Professor Roland analyses the challenges in object modelling, particularly the impact of requirements engineering for conceptual modelling. She suggests innovative research perspectives to enhance and extend object oriented approaches in order to deal with the emerging area of requirements engineering. The keynote paper presented by Mr. Graham focuses on the problems and solutions for adopting use cases. In his paper, Graham illustrates the theoretical issues and practical problems of use cases, and highlights them using examples. The papers included in this volume cover different aspects of object modelling, object oriented software development, object databases, and interoperability. In the modelling session, Ram, et al. outline an extended object model to tackle the problems of capturing complex requirements of office information systems. Simons' paper concentrates on core object modelling concepts and presents a mathematical theory of class. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Opportunities in Biology National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Commission on Life Sciences, Board on Biology, Committee on Research Opportunities in Biology, 1989-01-01 Biology has entered an era in which interdisciplinary cooperation is at an all-time high, practical applications follow basic discoveries more quickly than ever before, and new technologiesâ€recombinant DNA, scanning tunneling microscopes, and moreâ€are revolutionizing the way science is conducted. The potential for scientific breakthroughs with significant implications for society has never been greater. Opportunities in Biology reports on the state of the new biology, taking a detailed look at the disciplines of biology; examining the advances made in medicine, agriculture, and other fields; and pointing out promising research opportunities. Authored by an expert panel representing a variety of viewpoints, this volume also offers recommendations on how to meet the infrastructure needsâ€for funding, effective information systems, and other supportâ€of future biology research. Exploring what has been accomplished and what is on the horizon, Opportunities in Biology is an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and researchers in all subdisciplines of biology as well as for research administrators and those in funding agencies. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Genetics of Adaptation Rodney Mauricio, 2005-07-20 An enduring controversy in evolutionary biology is the genetic basis of adaptation. Darwin emphasized many slight differences as the ultimate source of variation to be acted upon by natural selection. In the early 1900’s, this view was opposed by Mendelian geneticists, who emphasized the importance of macromutations in evolution. The Modern Synthesis resolved this controversy, concluding that mutations in genes of very small effect were responsible for adaptive evolution. A decade ago, Allen Orr and Jerry Coyne reexamined the evidence for this neo-Darwinian view and found that both the theoretical and empirical basis for it were weak. Orr and Coyne encouraged evolutionary biologists to reexamine this neglected question: what is the genetic basis of adaptive evolution? In this volume, a new generation of biologists have taken up this challenge. Using advances in both molecular genetic and statistical techniques, evolutionary geneticists have made considerable progress in this emerging field. In this volume, a diversity of examples from plant and animal studies provides valuable information for those interested in the genetics and evolution of complex traits. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Evolution of Developmental Mechanisms Michael Akam, 1994 |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Developmental Plasticity and Evolution Mary Jane West-Eberhard, 2003-03-13 The first comprehensive synthesis on development and evolution: it applies to all aspects of development, at all levels of organization and in all organisms, taking advantage of modern findings on behavior, genetics, endocrinology, molecular biology, evolutionary theory and phylogenetics to show the connections between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. This book solves key problems that have impeded a definitive synthesis in the past. It uses new concepts and specific examples to show how to relate environmentally sensitive development to the genetic theory of adaptive evolution and to explain major patterns of change. In this book development includes not only embryology and the ontogeny of morphology, sometimes portrayed inadequately as governed by regulatory genes, but also behavioral development and physiological adaptation, where plasticity is mediated by genetically complex mechanisms like hormones and learning. The book shows how the universal qualities of phenotypes--modular organization and plasticity--facilitate both integration and change. Here you will learn why it is wrong to describe organisms as genetically programmed; why environmental induction is likely to be more important in evolution than random mutation; and why it is crucial to consider both selection and developmental mechanism in explanations of adaptive evolution. This book satisfies the need for a truly general book on development, plasticity and evolution that applies to living organisms in all of their life stages and environments. Using an immense compendium of examples on many kinds of organisms, from viruses and bacteria to higher plants and animals, it shows how the phenotype is reorganized during evolution to produce novelties, and how alternative phenotypes occupy a pivotal role as a phase of evolution that fosters diversification and speeds change. The arguments of this book call for a new view of the major themes of evolutionary biology, as shown in chapters on gradualism, homology, environmental induction, speciation, radiation, macroevolution, punctuation, and the maintenance of sex. No other treatment of development and evolution since Darwin's offers such a comprehensive and critical discussion of the relevant issues. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution is designed for biologists interested in the development and evolution of behavior, life-history patterns, ecology, physiology, morphology and speciation. It will also appeal to evolutionary paleontologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and teachers of general biology. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns Toshio Sekimura, H. Frederik Nijhout, 2017-08-29 This book facilitates an integrative understanding of the development, genetics and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. To develop a deep and realistic understanding of the diversity and evolution of butterfly wing patterns, it is essential and necessary to approach the problem from various kinds of key research fields such as “evo-devo,” “eco-devo,” ”developmental genetics,” “ecology and adaptation,” “food plants,” and “theoretical modeling.” The past decade-and-a-half has seen a veritable revolution in our understanding of the development, genetics and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. In addition, studies of how environmental and climatic factors affect the expression of color patterns has led to increasingly deeper understanding of the pervasiveness and underlying mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity. In recognition of the great progress in research on the biology, an international meeting titled “Integrative Approach to Understanding the Diversity of Butterfly Wing Patterns (IABP-2016)” was held at Chubu University, Japan in August 2016. This book consists of selected contributions from the meeting. Authors include main active researchers of new findings of corresponding genes as well as world leaders in both experimental and theoretical approaches to wing color patterns. The book provides excellent case studies for graduate and undergraduate classes in evolution, genetics/genomics, developmental biology, ecology, biochemistry, and also theoretical biology, opening the door to a new era in the integrative approach to the analysis of biological problems. This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Poplars and Willows Judson Gary Isebrands, James Richardson, 2014 The trees provide shelter, an environmental benefit, to the field crop (Chapter 6). |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Natural Selection in the Wild. (MPB-21), Volume 21 John A. Endler, 2020-03-31 Natural selection is an immense and important subject, yet there have been few attempts to summarize its effects on natural populations, and fewer still which discuss the problems of working with natural selection in the wild. These are the purposes of John Endler's book. In it, he discusses the methods and problems involved in the demonstration and measurement of natural selection, presents the critical evidence for its existence, and places it in an evolutionary perspective. Professor Endler finds that there are a remarkable number of direct demonstrations of selection in a wide variety of animals and plants. The distribution of observed magnitudes of selection in natural populations is surprisingly broad, and it overlaps extensively the range of values found in artificial selection. He argues that the common assumption that selection is usually weak in natural populations is no longer tenable, but that natural selection is only one component of the process of evolution; natural selection can explain the change of frequencies of variants, but not their origins. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: ADKAR Jeff Hiatt, 2006 In his first complete text on the ADKAR model, Jeff Hiatt explains the origin of the model and explores what drives each building block of ADKAR. Learn how to build awareness, create desire, develop knowledge, foster ability and reinforce changes in your organization. The ADKAR Model is changing how we think about managing the people side of change, and provides a powerful foundation to help you succeed at change. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process Jason B. Wolf, Edmund D. Brodie, Michael John Wade, 2000 Over the last two decades, research into epistasis has seen explosive growth and has moved the focus of research in evolutionary genetics from a traditional additive approach. We now know the effects of genes are rarely independent, and to reach a fuller understanding of the process of evolution we need to look at gene interactions as well as gene-environment interactions. This book is an overview of non-additive evolutionary genetics, integrating all work to date on all levels of evolutionary investigation of the importance of epistasis in the evolutionary process in general. It includes a historical perspective on this emerging field, in-depth discussion of terminology, discussions of the effects of epistasis at several different levels of biological organization and combinations of theoretical and experimental approaches to analysis. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns of Creativity Margriet Hovens, Creativity is a natural force that drives innovation and change. This book explores how nature itself is creative – constantly shaping and reshaping life, matter, and the environment through a dynamic process of evolution. At its heart, this book looks at the deep connections between mind and body, action and thought, chaos and order, and humans and other living beings. It is a thought-provoking read for anyone curious about how life, human thought, and culture were invented by nature and about the many analogies and formal similarities that can be found between natural and human creativity. Human creativity has helped us adapt, survive, and even transform our surroundings to suit our needs. But evolution also shows us that our understanding of ‘reality’ is always changing. What we think is real is often shaped – or distorted – by our perception. Existence, like time and space, is flexible and open to change. Nature gave rise to the human mind, and with it, the powerful tools of emotion, science, and art – tools that shape the cultures we live in. The author invites us to see Earth as a living artwork, now facing a crucial turning point shaped by human influence. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Laws and Patterns of Systems Development Vladimir Petrov, 2025-06-08 This book unveils interconnected laws and patterns governing system development in various areas, explores general laws like dialectics and C-shaped development, along with patterns for needs and function development, and delves into detailed descriptions of building and evolving systems laws. A groundbreaking system for predicting next-generation systems is also presented. All materials are extensively tested on real projects in diverse companies. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: The Global Findex Database 2017 Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Saniya Ansar, Jake Hess, 2018-04-19 In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science National Academy of Sciences, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Working Group on Teaching Evolution, 1998-04-06 Today many school students are shielded from one of the most important concepts in modern science: evolution. In engaging and conversational style, Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science provides a well-structured framework for understanding and teaching evolution. Written for teachers, parents, and community officials as well as scientists and educators, this book describes how evolution reveals both the great diversity and similarity among the Earth's organisms; it explores how scientists approach the question of evolution; and it illustrates the nature of science as a way of knowing about the natural world. In addition, the book provides answers to frequently asked questions to help readers understand many of the issues and misconceptions about evolution. The book includes sample activities for teaching about evolution and the nature of science. For example, the book includes activities that investigate fossil footprints and population growth that teachers of science can use to introduce principles of evolution. Background information, materials, and step-by-step presentations are provided for each activity. In addition, this volume: Presents the evidence for evolution, including how evolution can be observed today. Explains the nature of science through a variety of examples. Describes how science differs from other human endeavors and why evolution is one of the best avenues for helping students understand this distinction. Answers frequently asked questions about evolution. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science builds on the 1996 National Science Education Standards released by the National Research Councilâ€and offers detailed guidance on how to evaluate and choose instructional materials that support the standards. Comprehensive and practical, this book brings one of today's educational challenges into focus in a balanced and reasoned discussion. It will be of special interest to teachers of science, school administrators, and interested members of the community. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Speciation and Patterns of Diversity Roger Butlin, Jon Bridle, Dolph Schluter, 2009-01-22 Bringing together the viewpoints of leading ecologists concerned with the processes that generate patterns of diversity, and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation, this book opens up discussion in order to broaden understanding of how speciation affects patterns of biological diversity, especially the uneven distribution of diversity across time, space and taxa studied by macroecologists. The contributors discuss questions such as: Are species equivalent units, providing meaningful measures of diversity? To what extent do mechanisms of speciation affect the functional nature and distribution of species diversity? How can speciation rates be measured using molecular phylogenies or data from the fossil record? What are the factors that explain variation in rates? Written for graduate students and academic researchers, the book promotes a more complete understanding of the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns in biological diversity. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Sociolinguistic Patterns William Labov, 1973-09 This classic volume, by a well-known linguist, constitutes a systematic introduction to sociolinguistics, unmatched in the clarity and forcefulness of its approach, and to the study of language in its social setting. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Evolutionary Progression: Unraveling the Patterns of Life Pasquale De Marco, 2025-04-17 Embark on an extraordinary journey through the intricate tapestry of life in this captivating book that unveils the awe-inspiring story of evolution. Enter a world where the symphony of biodiversity plays out, where adaptation and survival are the driving forces, and where the human story unfolds as a testament to evolution's grand narrative. Through the lens of evolutionary biology, we unravel the interconnectedness of all living things, revealing the profound patterns and processes that have shaped life's diverse forms. Explore the symphony of coevolution, where species dance in intricate relationships, shaping each other's destinies. Trace the footsteps of human evolution, from our humble origins to the emergence of our uniquely complex minds. Delve into the realm of evolutionary medicine, where we uncover the fascinating links between our evolutionary past and our present health. Understand how our bodies and minds have adapted to survive and thrive in a constantly changing world. Discover the profound implications of evolutionary insights for disease prevention and treatment. Explore the urgent challenges facing life on Earth through the lens of conservation biology. Learn about the importance of preserving biodiversity, the delicate balance of ecosystems, and the devastating consequences of human-induced environmental changes. Gain insights into the strategies and actions we can take to protect the symphony of life and ensure a sustainable future for all. With clarity and passion, this book weaves together the latest scientific discoveries, captivating storytelling, and thought-provoking insights to create a comprehensive and accessible exploration of evolution. It is a testament to the power of evolution to shape our understanding of the world around us and inspire us to become better stewards of the planet we call home. If you like this book, write a review on google books! |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Handbook of Statistical Genetics David J. Balding, Martin Bishop, Chris Cannings, 2008-06-10 The Handbook for Statistical Genetics is widely regarded as the reference work in the field. However, the field has developed considerably over the past three years. In particular the modeling of genetic networks has advanced considerably via the evolution of microarray analysis. As a consequence the 3rd edition of the handbook contains a much expanded section on Network Modeling, including 5 new chapters covering metabolic networks, graphical modeling and inference and simulation of pedigrees and genealogies. Other chapters new to the 3rd edition include Human Population Genetics, Genome-wide Association Studies, Family-based Association Studies, Pharmacogenetics, Epigenetics, Ethic and Insurance. As with the second Edition, the Handbook includes a glossary of terms, acronyms and abbreviations, and features extensive cross-referencing between the chapters, tying the different areas together. With heavy use of up-to-date examples, real-life case studies and references to web-based resources, this continues to be must-have reference in a vital area of research. Edited by the leading international authorities in the field. David Balding - Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Imperial College An advisor for our Probability & Statistics series, Professor Balding is also a previous Wiley author, having written Weight-of-Evidence for Forensic DNA Profiles, as well as having edited the two previous editions of HSG. With over 20 years teaching experience, he’s also had dozens of articles published in numerous international journals. Martin Bishop – Head of the Bioinformatics Division at the HGMP Resource Centre As well as the first two editions of HSG, Dr Bishop has edited a number of introductory books on the application of informatics to molecular biology and genetics. He is the Associate Editor of the journal Bioinformatics and Managing Editor of Briefings in Bioinformatics. Chris Cannings – Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield With over 40 years teaching in the area, Professor Cannings has published over 100 papers and is on the editorial board of many related journals. Co-editor of the two previous editions of HSG, he also authored a book on this topic. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Frontiers in Ecology, Evolution and Complexity Mariana Benítez, Octavio Miramontes, Alfonso Valiente-Banuet, 2014-07-08 Advances in molecular biology, remote sensing, systems biology, bioinformatics, non-linear science, the physics of complex systems and other fields have rendered a great amount of data that remain to be integrated into models and theories that are capable of accounting for the complexity of ecological systems and the evolutionary dynamics of life. It is thus necessary to provide a solid basis to discuss and reflect on these and other challenges both at the local and global scales. This volume aims to delineate an integrative and interdisciplinary view that suggests new avenues in research and teaching, critically discusses the scope of the diverse methods in the study of complex systems, and points at key open questions. Finally, this book will provide students and specialists with a collection of high quality open access essays that will contribute to integrate Ecology, Evolution and Complexity in the context of basic research and in the field of Sustainability Sciences. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Patterns of Human Growth Barry Bogin, 2020-11-19 This completely revised edition provides a synthesis of the forces that shaped the evolution of the human growth pattern, the biocultural factors that direct its expression, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that regulate individual development, and the biomathematical approaches needed to analyze and interpret human growth. After covering the history, philosophy and biological principles of human development, the book turns to the evolution of the human life cycle. Later chapters explore the physiological, environmental and cultural reasons for population variation in growth, and the genetic and endocrine factors that regulate individual development. Using numerous historical and cultural examples, social-economic-political-economic forces are also discussed. A new chapter introduces controversial concepts of community effects and strategic growth adjustments, and the author then integrates all this information into a truly interactive biocultural model of human development. This remains the primary text for students of human growth in anthropology, psychology, public health and education. |
| patterns & mechanisms of evolution: Duetting and Turn-Taking Patterns of Singing Mammals: From Genes to Vocal Plasticity, and Beyond Patrice Adret, Dena Jane Clink, Charles T. Snowdon, Sofya Dolotovskaya, 2023-10-23 Mammalian vocal duets and turn-taking exchanges — long, coordinated acoustic signals exchanged between two individuals— are primarily found in family-living, pair-bonded mammals with a socially monogamous lifestyle (some rodents, some lemurs, tarsiers, titi monkeys, a Mentawai langur, gibbons and siamangs). Duetting and turn-taking patterns combine visual, chemical, tactile and auditory cues to produce some of the most exuberant displays in the realm of animal communication. How and why such phenotypes evolved independently across main lineages are fundamental questions at the core of the nature-nurture debate. Duetting styles ranging from antiphonal (non-overlapping) to simultaneous (overlapping) emissions have now been documented in various taxa, some of which are quite reminiscent of turn-taking rules in human conversation. Nonetheless, much remains to be learned about this complex motor skill, and at all four levels of analysis, namely (1) developmental processes, (2) causal mechanisms (3) functional properties and (4) evolutionary history. Given the strong link between this form of coordinated singing and pair-bonding, gaining a deeper understanding of this kind of cooperative behavior will likely shed more light on the deep evolutionary roots of human culture, language and music. |
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Vogue Patterns Spring 2025 Catalog - Simplicity.com
Purchase your own complete Vogue Patterns catalog and browse at your convenience. Keep a copy in your sewing space for reference and inspiration.
Vogue Patterns Summer 2025 Catalog - Simplicity.com
Purchase your own complete Vogue Patterns catalog and browse at your convenience. Keep a copy in your sewing space for reference and inspiration.
A-Line Dress Sewing Patterns - Simplicity.com
Shop a variety of a-line dress sewing patterns featuring styles for everyday wear and formal events.
Simplicity Sewing Patterns | Dresses, Tops, & More
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Welcome to Simplicity.com
Simplicity.com is home to thousands of PDF patterns offered in a range of sizes with your purchase. Access your PDF library within your account to organize, sort, and plan your next …
McCall's Sewing Pattern Misses' and Women's Tops
Sew these easy tie front top patterns in four different styles! Views A and B have gathers at waist and can be sleeveless or have puff sleeves. Views C and D have wide collar and front patch …
McCall's - Simplicity.com
School Patterns Sewing educators can shop 100+ patterns for the new semester with an exclusive discount.
V2097 | Vogue Patterns Misses' Top, Skirt and Pants | Vogue Patterns
Partially lined, hourglass shape V-neck top sewing pattern, fitted through waist, has concealed front button closure, decorative flaps and asymmetric collar. Fitted skirt, has invisible back …
Explore New Sewing Patterns | Simplicity, McCall's Butterick & More
Discover New sewing patterns and brands like Simplicity, McCall's, Butterick, Vogue Patterns, and more. Download and print our PDF sewing patterns!
