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| persian empire: Birth of the Persian Empire Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Sarah Stewart, 2010-01-08 Of the great ancient civilizations, that of Persia is the least known and the most enigmatic. This book explores the formation of the first Persian Empire under the Achaemenid Persians. It brings together a multi-disciplinary view of ancient Iran in the first millennium BC and concentrates on the art, archaeology, history and religion of a geographical area far beyond the present borders of modern Iran in the period beginning just before the formation of the Persian empire in the middle of the 6th century up to its collapse following conquest by Alexander the Great in the late 4th century BC. Eminent scholars here give a critical approach to some of the traditional interpretations and discuss topics which help the reader towards a better understanding of the formation of the Persian empire. This is the first volume in the Idea of Iran series which will be a four-volume collection encompassing the history of that country. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire Dr A Kuhrt, 2007-12-03 First Published in 2008. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| persian empire: From Cyrus to Alexander Pierre Briant, 2002-06-30 Around 550 B.C.E. the Persian people—who were previously practically unknown in the annals of history—emerged from their base in southern Iran (Fars) and engaged in a monumental adventure that, under the leadership of Cyrus the Great and his successors, culminated in the creation of an immense Empire that stretched from central Asia to Upper Egypt, from the Indus to the Danube. The Persian (or Achaemenid, named for its reigning dynasty) Empire assimilated an astonishing diversity of lands, peoples, languages, and cultures. This conquest of Near Eastern lands completely altered the history of the world: for the first time, a monolithic State as vast as the future Roman Empire arose, expanded, and matured in the course of more than two centuries (530–330) and endured until the death of Alexander the Great (323), who from a geopolitical perspective was “the last of the Achaemenids.” Even today, the remains of the Empire-the terraces, palaces, reliefs, paintings, and enameled bricks of Pasargadae, Persepolis, and Susa; the impressive royal tombs of Naqsh-i Rustam; the monumental statue of Darius the Great-serve to remind visitors of the power and unprecedented luxury of the Great Kings and their loyal courtiers (the “Faithful Ones”). Though long eclipsed and overshadowed by the towering prestige of the “ancient Orient” and “eternal Greece,” Achaemenid history has emerged into fresh light during the last two decades. Freed from the tattered rags of “Oriental decadence” and “Asiatic stagnation,” research has also benefited from a continually growing number of discoveries that have provided important new evidence-including texts, as well as archaeological, numismatic, and iconographic artifacts. The evidence that this book assembles is voluminous and diverse: the citations of ancient documents and of the archaeological evidence permit the reader to follow the author in his role as a historian who, across space and time, attempts to understand how such an Empire emerged, developed, and faded. Though firmly grounded in the evidence, the author’s discussions do not avoid persistent questions and regularly engages divergent interpretations and alternative hypotheses. This book is without precedent or equivalent, and also offers an exhaustive bibliography and thorough indexes. The French publication of this magisterial work in 1996 was acclaimed in newspapers and literary journals. Now Histoire de l’Empire Perse: De Cyrus a Alexandre is translated in its entirety in a revised edition, with the author himself reviewing the translation, correcting the original edition, and adding new documentation. Pierre Briant, Chaire Histoire et civilisation du monde achémenide et de l’empire d’Alexandre, Collège de France, is a specialist in the history of the Near East during the era of the Persian Empire and the conquests of Alexander. He is the author of numerous books. Peter T. Daniels, the translator, is an independent scholar, editor, and translator who studied at Cornell University and the University of Chicago. He lives and works in New York City. |
| persian empire: A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set Bruno Jacobs, Robert Rollinger, 2021-08-31 A COMPANION TO THE ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE A comprehensive review of the political, cultural, social, economic and religious history of the Achaemenid Empire Often called the first world empire, the Achaemenid Empire is rooted in older Near Eastern traditions. A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire offers a perspective in which the history of the empire is embedded in the preceding and subsequent epochs. In this way, the traditions that shaped the Achaemenid Empire become as visible as the powerful impact it had on further historical development. But the work does not only break new ground in this respect, but also in the fact that, in addition to written testimonies of all kinds, it also considers material tradition as an equal factor in historical reconstruction. This comprehensive two-volume set features contributions by internationally-recognized experts that offer balanced coverage of the whole of the empire from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. Comprehensive in scope, the Companion provides readers with a panoramic view of the diversity, richness, and complexity of the Achaemenid Empire, dealing with all the many aspects of history, event history, administration, economy, society, communication, art, science and religion, illustrating the multifaceted nature of the first true empire. A unique historical account presented in its multiregional dimensions, this important resource deals with many aspects of history, administration, economy, society, communication, art, science and religion it deals with topics that have only recently attracted interest such as court life, leisure activities, gender roles, and more examines a variety of available sources to consider those predecessors who influenced Achaemenid structure, ideology, and self-expression contains the study of Nachleben and the history of perception up to the present day offers a spectrum of opinions in disputed fields of research, such as the interpretation of the imagery of Achaemenid art, or questions of religion includes extensive bibliographies in each chapter for use as starting points for further research devotes special interest to the east of the empire, which is often neglected in comparison to the western territories Part of the acclaimed Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World series, A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire is an indispensable work for students, instructors, and scholars of Persian and ancient world history, particularly the First Persian Empire. |
| persian empire: History of the Persian Empire A. T. Olmstead, 1959-02-15 Out of a lifetime of study of the ancient Near East, Professor Olmstead has gathered previously unknown material into the story of the life, times, and thought of the Persians, told for the first time from the Persian rather than the traditional Greek point of view. The fullest and most reliable presentation of the history of the Persian Empire in existence.—M. Rostovtzeff |
| persian empire: A History of Ancient Persia Maria Brosius, 2020-10-29 An innovative approach to the history of the First Persian Empire, offering an accessible historical narrative for students and general readers alike A History of the Achaemenid Empire considers archaeological and written sources to provide an expansive, source-based introduction to the diverse and culturally rich world of ancient Achaemenid Persia. Assuming no prior background, this accessible textbook follows the dynastic line from the establishment and expansion of the empire under the early Achaemenid kings to its collapse in 330 BCE. The text integrates the latest research, key primary sources, and archaeological data to offer readers deep insights into the empire, its kings, and its people. Chronologically organized chapters contain written, archaeological, and visual sources that highlight key learning points, stimulate discussion, and encourage readers to evaluate specific pieces of evidence. Throughout the text, author Maria Brosius emphasizes the necessity to critically assess Greek sources—highlighting how their narrative of Achaemenid political historyoften depicted stereotypical images of the Persians rather than historical reality. Topics include the establishment of empire under Cyrus the Great, Greek-Persian relations, the creation of a Persian ruling class, the bureaucracy and operation of the empire, Persian diplomacy and foreign policy, and the reign of Darius III. This innovative textbook: Offers a unique approach to Achaemenid history, considering both archaeological and literary sources Places primary Persian and Near Eastern sources in their cultural, political, and historical context Examines material rarely covered in non-specialist texts, such as royal inscriptions, Aramaic documents, and recent archaeological finds Features a comprehensive introduction to Achaemenid geography, Greek historiography, and modern scholarship on the Persian War Part of the acclaimed Blackwell History of the Ancient Worldseries, A History of the Achaemenid Empire is a perfect primary textbook for courses in Ancient History, Near Eastern Studies, and Classical Civilizations, as well as an invaluable resource for general readers with interest in the history of empires, particularly the first Persian empire or Iranian civilization. |
| persian empire: Ancient Persia Matt Waters, 2014-01-20 This is a succinct history of ancient Persia in the Achaemenid period, 550-330 BCE. |
| persian empire: Persian Interventions John O. Hyland, 2017-12-21 Persia’s relations with Greek city-states provide a fascinating case study in ancient imperialism. Thirty years after Xerxes invaded Greece, the Achaemenid Persian Empire ended its long war with Athens. For the next four decades, the Persians tolerated Athenian control of their former tributaries, the Ionian Greek cities of western Anatolia. But during the Peloponnesian War, Persia reclaimed Ionia and funded a Spartan fleet to overthrow Athenian power. It took eight long years for Persia to triumph, and Sparta then turned on its benefactors, prompting Persia to transfer aid to Athens in the Corinthian War. The peace of 386 reiterated imperial control of Ionia and compelled both Sparta and Athens to endorse a Persian promise of autonomy for Greeks outside Asia. In Persian Interventions, John O. Hyland challenges earlier studies that assume Persia played Athens against Sparta in a defensive balancing act. He argues instead for a new interpretation of Persian imperialism, one involving long-term efforts to extend diplomatic and economic patronage over Greek clients beyond the northwestern frontier. Achaemenid kings, he asserts, were less interested in Ionia for its own sake than in the accumulation of influence over Athens, Sparta, or both, which allowed them to advertise Persia’s claim to universal power while limiting the necessity of direct military commitment. The slow pace of intervention resulted from logistical constraints and occasional diplomatic blunders, rather than long-term plans to balance and undermine dangerous allies. Persian Interventions examines this critical period in unprecedented depth, providing valuable new insights for the study of Achaemenid Persia and classical Greece. Its conclusions will interest not only specialists in both fields but also students of ancient and modern comparative historical imperialism. |
| persian empire: Safavid Iran Andrew J. Newman, 2012-04-11 The Safavid dynasty, which reigned from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth century, links medieval with modern Iran. The Safavids witnessed wide-ranging developments in politics, warfare, science, philosophy, religion, art and architecture. But how did this dynasty manage to produce the longest lasting and most glorious of Iran's Islamic-period eras?Andrew Newman offers a complete re-evaluation of the Safavid place in history as they presided over these extraordinary developments and the wondrous flowering of Iranian culture. In the process, he dissects the Safavid story, from before the 1501 capture of Tabriz by Shah Ismail (1488-1524), the point at which Shiism became the realm's established faith; on to the sixteenth and early seventeenth century dominated by Shah Abbas (1587-1629), whose patronage of art and architecture from his capital of Isfahan embodied the Safavid spirit; and culminating with the reign of Sultan Husayn (reg. 1694-1722).Based on meticulous scholarship, Newman offers a valuable new interpretation of the rise of the Safavids and their eventual demise in the eighteenth century. Safavid Iran, with its fresh insights and new research, is the definitive single volume work on the subject. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire Mehrdad Kia, 2016-06-27 This well-balanced reference on ancient Persia demonstrates the region's contributions to the growth and development of human civilization from the 7th century BCE through the fall of the Persian Sasanian Empire in 651CE. Knowledge of ancient Persia is often gleaned from the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans—two civilizations that viewed the Persians as enemies. This one-of-a-kind reference provides unbiased coverage of the cultural history of the Persian Empire, examining the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, Kushan, and Sasanian dynasties and tracing the development and maturation of Iranian societies during a period of nearly 1,500 years. As one of the most comprehensive studies on the topic, this historical overview explores the region's rich past while providing insight into the cultures and civilizations the Persians came to rule and influence. Using primary sources written and inscribed by the ancient Persians themselves, the encyclopedia studies the pre-Islamic civilizations of Iran in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Incorporating contributions from scholars who discuss the rise and fall of various Persian dynasties, the work offers some 180 entries that cover such topics as religion, royal nobility, the caste system, and political assassinations. The content offers perspectives from a variety of disciplines—from anthropology to archaeology, geography, and art history, among other areas. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire Lindsay Allen, 2005 Lavish illustrations bring to life the traditions of this ancient Middle Eastern civilization and finally place Alexander's invasion within a Persian context. This text promises to be a definitive work on one of the most powerful dynasties in ancient history. |
| persian empire: Persian Fire Tom Holland, 2007-06-12 From Tom Holland, co-host of the hit podcast THE REST IS HISTORY, comes a fresh...thrilling (The Guardian) account of the Graeco-Persian Wars. In the fifth century B.C., a global superpower was determined to bring truth and order to what it regarded as two terrorist states. The superpower was Persia, incomparably rich in ambition, gold, and men. The terrorist states were Athens and Sparta, eccentric cities in a poor and mountainous backwater: Greece. The story of how their citizens took on the Great King of Persia, and thereby saved not only themselves but Western civilization as well, is as heart-stopping and fateful as any episode in history. Tom Holland’s brilliant study of these critical Persian Wars skillfully examines a conflict of critical importance to both ancient and modern history. |
| persian empire: History of the Persian Empire A. T. Olmstead, 2022-08-29 Out of a lifetime of study of the ancient Near East, Professor Olmstead has gathered previously unknown material into the story of the life, times, and thought of the Persians, told for the first time from the Persian rather than the traditional Greek point of view. The fullest and most reliable presentation of the history of the Persian Empire in existence.—M. Rostovtzeff |
| persian empire: Persians Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones, 2022-04-12 A stunning portrait of the magnificent splendor and enduring legacy of ancient Persia The Achaemenid Persian kings ruled over the largest empire of antiquity, stretching from Libya to the steppes of Asia and from Ethiopia to Pakistan. From the palace-city of Persepolis, Cyrus the Great, Darius, Xerxes, and their heirs reigned supreme for centuries until the conquests of Alexander of Macedon brought the empire to a swift and unexpected end in the late 330s BCE. In Persians, historian Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones tells the epic story of this dynasty and the world it ruled. Drawing on Iranian inscriptions, cuneiform tablets, art, and archaeology, he shows how the Achaemenid Persian Empire was the world’s first superpower—one built, despite its imperial ambition, on cooperation and tolerance. This is the definitive history of the Achaemenid dynasty and its legacies in modern-day Iran, a book that completely reshapes our understanding of the ancient world. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire Captivating History, 2020-01-02 A still-present cultural and linguistic group, the Persians are the founders of today's modern-day nation of Iran. They trace their roots back to the Aryans of Northern Europe, but over the course of time, they managed to assert a distinct identity that led to the formation of some of the world's most powerful empires. |
| persian empire: Persian Empire George Rawlinson, 2018-05-28 The First Persian Empire was a country of the Achaemenid dynasty, based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great. Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, it was larger than any previous empire in history. This book describes conquests of the greatest Persian emperors, Cyrus the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I and the expansion of their country. Contents: Extent of the Empire. Climate and Productions. Character, Manners and Customs. Language and Writing. Architecture and Other Arts. Religion. Chronology and History. |
| persian empire: Safavid Iran Andrew J. Newman, 2012-04-11 The Safavid dynasty, which reigned from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth century, links medieval with modern Iran. The Safavids witnessed wide-ranging developments in politics, warfare, science, philosophy, religion, art and architecture. But how did this dynasty manage to produce the longest lasting and most glorious of Iran's Islamic-period eras?Andrew Newman offers a complete re-evaluation of the Safavid place in history as they presided over these extraordinary developments and the wondrous flowering of Iranian culture. In the process, he dissects the Safavid story, from before the 1501 capture of Tabriz by Shah Ismail (1488-1524), the point at which Shiism became the realm's established faith; on to the sixteenth and early seventeenth century dominated by Shah Abbas (1587-1629), whose patronage of art and architecture from his capital of Isfahan embodied the Safavid spirit; and culminating with the reign of Sultan Husayn (reg. 1694-1722).Based on meticulous scholarship, Newman offers a valuable new interpretation of the rise of the Safavids and their eventual demise in the eighteenth century. Safavid Iran, with its fresh insights and new research, is the definitive single volume work on the subject. |
| persian empire: CYRUS THE GREAT: The Conqueror Who Founded the First Persian Empire History Titans, 2021-08-28 The Greeks called him Cyrus, the Elder, due to his magnanimous efforts to bring the Middle East together and establish a solid administration and bureaucracy. To this day, he still inspires us thanks to his tolerance and eloquent ruling. He was a pioneer of human rights and laid out rules that spearheaded freedom and equality. Cyrus was recognized as a polytheist who favored worshipping many gods at a time. He turned from one god to another, according to his agenda and circumstances. He prayed to a god who could fulfill his desire and lead him to victory, which was noted during his rule in Babylonia. The former Babylonian ruler did not allow his people to worship their god and imposed hard labor, making life unbearable for thousands, but when Cyrus overtook the throne, he allowed Babylonia's people to follow their religion and worship their god, which increased their trust and admiration in Cyrus. |
| persian empire: The Next Medo-Persian Empire W. Richard Viall, 2021-02-25 As a military police officer forty-four years ago, author W. Richard Viall made a traffic stop of an evangelical Christian woman. The interaction with her serendipitously raised his curiosity about the end times, and throughout his thirty-seven-year career in law enforcement, he maintained his curiosity regarding the subject. Ultimately, Richard learned many mainstream Christians regard the fictional account of end times in the Left Behind series of books as fact. He truly wishes the initial rapture would be as easy as the books make it out to be. But he sees nothing in the Bible to indicate that. Based on logic and allegorical and literal interpretation, The Next Medo-Persian Empire presents Richard’s deductions on the prophecy. He discusses what will happen in the time leading up to the rapture and during the last seven years after. It explains the signs leading to the end and how the next Medo-Persian Empire will be one of those signs. |
| persian empire: A Geographical Memoir of the Persian Empire John Macdonald Kinneir, 1813 |
| persian empire: A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire Bruno Jacobs, Robert Rollinger, 2021-07-23 A COMPANION TO THE ACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE A comprehensive review of the political, cultural, social, economic and religious history of the Achaemenid Empire Often called the first world empire, the Achaemenid Empire is rooted in older Near Eastern traditions. A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire offers a perspective in which the history of the empire is embedded in the preceding and subsequent epochs. In this way, the traditions that shaped the Achaemenid Empire become as visible as the powerful impact it had on further historical development. But the work does not only break new ground in this respect, but also in the fact that, in addition to written testimonies of all kinds, it also considers material tradition as an equal factor in historical reconstruction. This comprehensive two-volume set features contributions by internationally-recognized experts that offer balanced coverage of the whole of the empire from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. Comprehensive in scope, the Companion provides readers with a panoramic view of the diversity, richness, and complexity of the Achaemenid Empire, dealing with all the many aspects of history, event history, administration, economy, society, communication, art, science and religion, illustrating the multifaceted nature of the first true empire. A unique historical account presented in its multiregional dimensions, this important resource deals with many aspects of history, administration, economy, society, communication, art, science and religion it deals with topics that have only recently attracted interest such as court life, leisure activities, gender roles, and more examines a variety of available sources to consider those predecessors who influenced Achaemenid structure, ideology, and self-expression contains the study of Nachleben and the history of perception up to the present day offers a spectrum of opinions in disputed fields of research, such as the interpretation of the imagery of Achaemenid art, or questions of religion includes extensive bibliographies in each chapter for use as starting points for further research devotes special interest to the east of the empire, which is often neglected in comparison to the western territories Part of the acclaimed Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World series, A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire is an indispensable work for students, instructors, and scholars of Persian and ancient world history, particularly the First Persian Empire. |
| persian empire: Persian Empire: The World’s First Global Superpower Ethan Rainey, The Persian Empire was one of the greatest civilizations in history, a beacon of power, culture, and innovation that spanned centuries. From its humble beginnings under the visionary leadership of Cyrus the Great to the monumental achievements of its later rulers, Persia’s legacy is one of lasting influence, progress, and unity. At the heart of the Persian Empire was a deep respect for diversity, which allowed people of various cultures, languages, and religions to coexist peacefully under a single banner. The Persian rulers created a sophisticated system of governance, built magnificent cities, and left behind a rich cultural and intellectual heritage that would shape the world for generations to come. Through remarkable accomplishments in architecture, art, literature, science, and philosophy, the Persian Empire contributed immensely to human civilization. Persian innovations in administration and infrastructure laid the foundation for future empires, while its cultural and intellectual advancements continue to inspire people today. This book celebrates the achievements of the Persian Empire, shedding light on its profound influence on the world. It explores the wisdom of its rulers, the beauty of its art and architecture, the depth of its literature, and the lasting impact of its contributions to science and culture. As we delve into the story of Persia, we uncover a civilization that truly embodied greatness—a civilization whose legacy still resonates across the globe. |
| persian empire: Persian Empire Linda Hill, AI, 2025-03-29 The Persian Empire explores the rise and influence of one of the ancient world's largest empires. Beginning with Cyrus the Great, the empire expanded under rulers like Darius I and Xerxes, developing sophisticated administrative systems and demonstrating unprecedented tolerance for diverse cultures. The book sheds light on the empire's complex interactions with ancient Greece, including the Persian Wars, which had long-lasting consequences for both civilizations. One intriguing aspect is the empire's ability to integrate diverse populations through centralized control combined with cultural autonomy, a strategy that ultimately defined both its strengths and vulnerabilities. This book examines the Achaemenid Empire's administrative organization, exploring the roles of satraps, the standardization of currency, and infrastructure projects like the Royal Road. It also delves into the empire's policies of cultural and religious tolerance, revealing how these approaches contributed to internal stability and prosperity. Drawing from sources like Herodotus and the Behistun Inscription, the book offers a balanced view of the empire, challenging traditional Greek-centric narratives and highlighting the empire's contributions to art, architecture, and governance. The book progresses chronologically, starting with the empire's origins and expansion, then moving on to its administrative and cultural systems, and finally analyzing the Persian Wars and their impact. By examining the empire's internal dynamics, Persian Empire provides valuable insights into the dynamics of intercultural relations and the challenges of managing a diverse, multi-ethnic state, making it highly relevant for understanding contemporary global issues. |
| persian empire: PERSIAN EMPIRE NARAYAN CHANGDER, 2024-01-05 Note: Anyone can request the PDF version of this practice set/workbook by emailing me at cbsenet4u@gmail.com. I will send you a PDF version of this workbook. This book has been designed for candidates preparing for various competitive examinations. It contains many objective questions specifically designed for different exams. Answer keys are provided at the end of each page. It will undoubtedly serve as the best preparation material for aspirants. This book is an engaging quiz eBook for all and offers something for everyone. This book will satisfy the curiosity of most students while also challenging their trivia skills and introducing them to new information. Use this invaluable book to test your subject-matter expertise. Multiple-choice exams are a common assessment method that all prospective candidates must be familiar with in today?s academic environment. Although the majority of students are accustomed to this MCQ format, many are not well-versed in it. To achieve success in MCQ tests, quizzes, and trivia challenges, one requires test-taking techniques and skills in addition to subject knowledge. It also provides you with the skills and information you need to achieve a good score in challenging tests or competitive examinations. Whether you have studied the subject on your own, read for pleasure, or completed coursework, it will assess your knowledge and prepare you for competitive exams, quizzes, trivia, and more. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire Amélie Kuhrt, 2013-04-15 Bringing together a wide variety of material in many different languages that exists from the substantial body of work left by this large empire, The Persian Empire presents annotated translations, together with introductions to the problems of using it in order to gain an understanding of the history and working os this remarkable political entity. The Achaemenid empire developed in the region of modern Fars (Islam) and expanded to unite territories stretching from the Segean and Egypt in the west to Central Asia and north-west India, which it ruled for over 200 years until its conquest by Alexander of Macedon. Although all these regions had long since been in contact with each other, they had never been linked under a single regime. The Persian empire represents an important phase of transformation for its subjects, such as the Jews, as well as those living on its edges, such as the European Greeks. |
| persian empire: Xerxes Richard Stoneman, 2015-01-01 In this lively and comprehensive new biography, Richard Stoneman shows how Xerxes, despite sympathetic treatment by the contemporary Greek writers Aeschylus and Herodotus, had his reputation destroyed by later Greek writers and by the propaganda of Alexander the Great. Stoneman draws on the latest research in Achaemenid studies and archaeology to present the ruler from the Persian perspective.--Publisher's website. |
| persian empire: The Persian Empire in English Renaissance Writing, 1549-1622 J. Grogan, 2014-02-18 The Persian Empire in English Renaissance Writing, 1549-1622 studies the conception of Persia in the literary, political and pedagogic writings of Renaissance England and Britain. It argues that writers of all kinds debated the means and merits of English empire through their intellectual engagement with the ancient Persian empire. |
| persian empire: In the Persian Empire Khadija Ejaz, 2010-12-23 What was it about Persia’s leadership and military that compelled powerful civilizations like Greece and Rome to fear and respect the might of the largest empire the ancient world had ever seen? The Persian Empire dictated administrative, economic, and artistic trends on an international level for a thousand years. Its people respected diversity and practiced one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. But who were these people, really, who gave us the famous Persian carpet and taught us landscape gardening, polo, and wine making? Why do people today who can trace their lineage and traditions back to this remarkable empire still proudly celebrate festivals like Nowruz regardless of their nationality or religion? Discover this and more as you journey back in time over 2,000 years to experience life in the Persian Empire and meet the people who called this great empire home. |
| persian empire: History of The Persian Empire Blake Carson, 2025-01-23 A vast empire built on tolerance, innovation, and conquest—how did Persia shape the ancient world? The Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE, was one of the most powerful civilizations of antiquity. Known for its efficient administration, religious tolerance, and the creation of the Royal Road, Persia connected cultures and facilitated trade across Asia, Africa, and Europe. This book explores the rise of the Achaemenid dynasty, the epic battles against Greece, and the empire’s influence on art, law, and governance. The empire’s legacy continued through later Persian dynasties, influencing Islamic civilization and modern Iran. If you’re fascinated by ancient empires and their impact, this book offers a deep dive into Persia’s extraordinary history. |
| persian empire: Empires of Ancient Persia Michael Burgan, Thomas G. Urban, 2009 For almost 1,200 years, the Persians ruled a territory that stretched from the Black Sea into Central Asia, from India to Egypt and into the fringes of southern Europe. During that period from 550 BCE to 651 CE, the ancient Persians learned to cultivate crops such as wheat and barley and to domesticate animals; they also demonstrated their talents for architecture and art by building enormous palaces, such as at the site of Persepolis, and through intricate art painted on pottery. As their neighbors, particularly the Macedonian prince Alexander the Great, grew stronger, ancient Persia struggled to maintain its authority. Despite their eventual decline, the Persian empires had significant influence on the ancient world, including the idea of worshipping a single god. As the first monotheistic religion, Zoroastrianism would lay the foundation for the development of Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Empires of Ancient Persia looks at the rise and fall of the Persian empires, the daily life of the people, and their influence on subsequent civilizations. |
| persian empire: The Ottoman Empire Mehrdad Kia, 2017-06-15 This two-volume reference provides university and high school students—and the general public—with a wealth of information on one of the most important empires the world has ever known. Arranged in topical sections, this two-volume encyclopedia will help students and general readers alike delve into the fascinating story of an empire that continues to influence the world despite having been dissolved almost 100 years ago. Detailed entries describe the people, careers, and major events that played a central role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, covering both internal developments in Ottoman society and the empire's relationship with the powerful forces that surrounded it. Readers and researchers will find information pertaining to archaeology, geography, art history, ethnology, sociology, economics, religion, philosophy, mysticism, science and medicine, international relations, and numerous other areas of study. Many of the entries are enriched with material from Turkish and Persian primary sources written by courtiers, authors, and historians who were present at the time of major military campaigns or other important events in Ottoman history. These and other annotated primary documents will give students the opportunity to analyze events and will promote critical thinking skills. The language used throughout is accessible and based on the assumption that the reader is not familiar with the long, rich, and complex history of the Ottoman state. |
| persian empire: The Persians Geoffrey Parker, Brenda Parker, 2016-11-15 Now in paperback, this is a history of an incomparable culture whose influence can still be seen, millennia later, in modern-day Iran and the wider Middle East. During the first and second millennia BCE a swathe of nomadic peoples migrated outward from Central Asia into the Eurasian periphery. One group of these people would find themselves encamped in an unpromising, arid region just south of the Caspian Sea. From these modest and uncertain beginnings, they would go on to form one of the most powerful empires in history: the Persian Empire. In this book, Geoffrey and Brenda Parker tell the captivating story of this ancient civilization and its enduring legacy to the world. The authors examine the unique features of Persian life and trace their influence throughout the centuries. They examine the environmental difficulties the early Persians encountered and how, in overcoming them, they were able to develop a unique culture that would culminate in the massive, first empire, the Achaemenid Empire. Extending their influence into the maritime west, they fought the Greeks for mastery of the eastern Mediterranean—one of the most significant geopolitical contests of the ancient world. And the authors paint vivid portraits of Persian cities and their spectacular achievements: intricate and far-reaching roadways, an astonishing irrigation system that created desert paradises, and, above all, an extraordinary reflection of the diverse peoples that inhabited them. |
| persian empire: Ancient Persia Josef Wiesehöfer, 1996 Of all the great civilizations of the ancient world, that of Persia is one of the least understood. Josef Wiesehfer, one of the most respected scholars of the ancient world, provides here a comprehensive survey of the Persian Empire under Achaeminids, the Parthians and the Sassanians. By focusing on the primary Persian sources--written, archaeological and numismatic evidence from Persia--he avoids the traditional Western approach which has tended to rely so heavily on inaccurate and sometimes prejudiced Greek and Roman sources. Part of the freshness of this book comes from presenting a historical discussion of Persia from a Near Eastern perspective. A comprehensive social, political and cultural history of ancient Persia, Wiesehfer's book provides important new material for specialists while being fully accessible and appealing to general readers interested in the ancient world. |
| persian empire: Persian Responses Christopher Tuplin, 2007-12-31 A generation ago the Achaemenid Empire was a minor sideshow within long-established disciplines. For Greek historians the Persians were the defeated national enemy, a catalyst of change in the aftermath of the fall of Athens or the victim of Alexander. For Egyptologists and Assyriologists they belonged to an era that received scant attention compared with the glory days of the New Kingdom or the Neo-Assyrian Empire. For most archaeologists they were elusive in a material record that lacked a distinctively Achaemenid imprint. Things have changed now. The empire is an object of study in its own right, and a community of Achaemenid specialists has emerged to carry that study forward. Such communities are, however, apt to talk among themselves and the present volume aims to give a professional but non-specialist audience some taste of the variety of subject-matter and discourse that typifies Achaemenid studies. The broad theme of political and cultural interaction - reflecting the empire's diversity and the nature of our sources for its history - is illustrated in fourteen chapters that move from issues in Greek historiography through a series of regional studies (Egypt, Anatolia, Babylonia and Persia) to Zarathushtra, Alexander the Great and the early modern reception of Persepolis. |
| persian empire: Persian Empire John Manuel Cook, 1993 |
Achaemenid Empire - Wikipedia
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [17] also known as the Persian Empire[17] or First Persian Empire[18] (/ əˈkiːmənɪd /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [19] or …
Persian Empire - Map, Timeline & Founder | HISTORY
Jan 25, 2018 · The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B.C. to the 20th century A.D.
Ancient Persia - World History Encyclopedia
Nov 12, 2019 · The empires of ancient Persia were the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE), the Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE), and the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE). Between the …
When Did Persia Become Iran and Why? - History Hit
Dec 28, 2022 · The Persian Empire was vast and complex, a melting pot of religions, cultures and civilizations: heritage in which people can find pride. The name Iran, on the other hand, is tied …
Timeline of the Persian Empire - Have Fun With History
Jul 7, 2023 · The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, was a vast entity spanning from 550 BC to 330 BC, founded by Cyrus the Great. After his rule, it underwent a …
Persian Empire - National Geographic Society
Jun 3, 2025 · The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, lasted from approximately 559 B.C.E. to 331 B.C.E. At its height, it encompassed the areas of modern-day …
Persian empire: characteristics, religion and culture
What was the Persian Empire? The Persian Empire (also known as the Achaemenid Empire) was an empire in Central Asia that existed between 550 and 331 BC. The Persians built the largest …
What Was the Persian Empire? - WorldAtlas
Sep 12, 2019 · The enormous Persian Empire stretched across today’s Iran, Turkey, Egypt as well as parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Empire was also called the Achaemenid Empire …
The Rise and Fall of the Persian Empire: A Timeline
Jan 16, 2025 · The Persian Empire, one of the most influential civilizations in ancient history, rose from modest beginnings to become a formidable global power. Its vast reach spanned three …
Persian Empire | History of the Achaemenid Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the first Persian Empire or Medo-Persian Empire was a major ancient civilization that was based in modern day Iran around 600 BC.
Achaemenid Empire - Wikipedia
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, [17] also known as the Persian Empire[17] or First Persian Empire[18] (/ əˈkiːmənɪd /; Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂, Xšāça, lit. 'The Empire' [19] or …
Persian Empire - Map, Timeline & Founder | HISTORY
Jan 25, 2018 · The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B.C. to the 20th century A.D.
Ancient Persia - World History Encyclopedia
Nov 12, 2019 · The empires of ancient Persia were the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE), the Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE), and the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE). Between …
When Did Persia Become Iran and Why? - History Hit
Dec 28, 2022 · The Persian Empire was vast and complex, a melting pot of religions, cultures and civilizations: heritage in which people can find pride. The name Iran, on the other hand, is tied …
Timeline of the Persian Empire - Have Fun With History
Jul 7, 2023 · The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, was a vast entity spanning from 550 BC to 330 BC, founded by Cyrus the Great. After his rule, it underwent a …
Persian Empire - National Geographic Society
Jun 3, 2025 · The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, lasted from approximately 559 B.C.E. to 331 B.C.E. At its height, it encompassed the areas of modern-day …
Persian empire: characteristics, religion and culture
What was the Persian Empire? The Persian Empire (also known as the Achaemenid Empire) was an empire in Central Asia that existed between 550 and 331 BC. The Persians built the largest …
What Was the Persian Empire? - WorldAtlas
Sep 12, 2019 · The enormous Persian Empire stretched across today’s Iran, Turkey, Egypt as well as parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Empire was also called the Achaemenid …
The Rise and Fall of the Persian Empire: A Timeline
Jan 16, 2025 · The Persian Empire, one of the most influential civilizations in ancient history, rose from modest beginnings to become a formidable global power. Its vast reach spanned three …
Persian Empire | History of the Achaemenid Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the first Persian Empire or Medo-Persian Empire was a major ancient civilization that was based in modern day Iran around 600 BC.
