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| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles Charles Gerday, Nicolas Glansdorff, 2007 A detailed overview of the current state of knowledge about this special group of organisms. - Serves as an essential volume for a variety of scientists, including microbiologists, biochemists, physiologists, biotechnology specialists, ecologists, and physical scientists such as chemists and astronomers. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles Gunjal, Aparna B., Thombre, Rebecca, Parray, Javid A., 2021-12-10 Extremophiles are organisms that are able to live in extreme conditions due to their unique physiological and genetic adaptations. Extremophiles are harnessed for their extremozymes that have wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and industry. Recent developments in genomics and proteomics have helped unravel the mechanism of survival, physiological adaptation, and genomics structure of extremophiles. Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles covers innovative developments in understanding the physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles using the -omics perspective, focuses on the advancement in mechanisms of the extremophiles that makes them able to survive under extreme conditions, and discusses the applications of extremophiles in astrobiology. Covering topics such as genomics and the history and identification of extremophiles, it is ideal for students, professors, researchers, academicians, microbiologists, agricultural scientists, and biotechnologists. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Extremophiles and Their Applications in Medical Processes Prasanti Babu, Anuj K. Chandel, Om V. Singh, 2014-10-29 Extremophiles are known to thrive under harsh environmental conditions. Many extremophilic bio-products are already used as life-saving drugs. Recent technological advancements of systems biology have opened the door to explore these organisms anew as sources of products that might prove useful in clinical, environmental and drug development. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: EXTREMOPHILES - Volume II Charles Gerday , Nicolas Glansdorff, 2009-11-05 Extremophiles is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The extremophiles represent some of the most fascinating organisms on Earth for the simple reason that they inhabit extreme environments characterized by physical and (or) chemical properties which render them totally inhospitable for most of the other organisms. The work has been sub-divided into 6 main topics related to the above mentioned environmental conditions. These topics consist of a general introduction and of several more specialized chapters that have been written by scientists prominent in the field. The chapters cover the description of the biotopes and inhabiting species, their specific characteristics as well as what we know about the molecular mechanisms which constitute the fundamentals of the resistance and adaptation of extremophiles to extreme conditions. The theme “Extremophiles” is headed by two chapters introducing the subject for non-specialists in the field, one covering the basic concepts and the other one giving an overview of the biotopes. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Physiological and Biotechnological Aspects of Extremophiles Richa Salwan, Vivek Sharma, 2020-06-04 Physiological and Biotechnological Aspects of Extremophiles highlights the current and topical areas of research in this rapidly growing field. Expert authors from around the world provide the latest insights into the mechanisms of these fascinating organisms use to survive.The vast majority of extremophiles are microbes which include archaea, bacteria and some eukaryotes. These microbes live under chemical and physical extremes that are usually lethal to cellular molecules, yet they manage to survive and even thrive. Extremophiles have important practical uses. They are a valuable source of industrially important enzymes and recent research has revealed novel mechanisms and biomolecular structures with a broad range of potential applications in biotechnology, biomining, and bioremediation.Aimed at research scientists, students, microbiologists, and biotechnologists, this book is an essential reading for scientists working with extremophiles and a recommended reference text for anyone interested in the microbiology, bioprospecting, biomining, biofuels, and extremozymes of these organisms. - Shows the implications of the physiological adaptations of microbes from extreme habitats that are largely contributed by their biomolecules from basic to applied research - Provides in-depth knowledge of genomic plasticity and proteome of different extremophiles - Gives detailed and comprehensive insight about use of genetic engineering as well as genome editing for industrial applications |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Microbial Extremozymes Mohammed Kuddus, 2021-08-20 Microbial Extremozymes: Novel Sources and Industrial Applications is a unique resource of practical research information on the latest novel sources and technologies regarding extremozymes in bioremediation, waste management, valorization of industrial by-products, biotransformation of natural polymers, nutrition, food safety and diagnosis of disease. The book's broad knowledge and varying applications are useful to the food industry, dairy industry, fruit and vegetable processing, and baking and beverages industries, as well as the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. This is a concise, all-encompassing resource for a range of scientists needing knowledge of extremozymes to enhance and research. Furthermore, it provides an updated knowledge of microbial enzymes isolated from extreme environments (temperatures, etc.) and their biotechnological applications. It will be useful to researchers, scientists and students in enzyme research. In addition, users from the dairy and baking industries will benefit from the presented content. - Explores recent scientific research on extremophiles and extremozymes technologies that help innovate novel ideas - Provides innovative technologies for enzyme production from extremophilic microbes - Includes cutting-edge research for applications in various industries where extreme temperature conditions exist - Presents novel microorganisms and their enzymes from extreme environments (Thermophilic, Psychrophilic, Acidophilic, Alkaliphilic, Anaerobic, Halophilic, Barophilic, Metallotolerant, Radioresistant, etc.) |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Extremophiles as Astrobiological Models Joseph Seckbach, Helga Stan-Lotter, 2021-01-13 The data in this book are new or updated, and will serve also as Origin of Life and evolutionary studies. Endospores of bacteria have a long history of use as model organisms in astrobiology, including survival in extreme environments and interplanetary transfer of life. Numerous other bacteria as well as archaea, lichens, fungi, algae and tiny animals (tardigrades, or water bears) are now being investigated for their tolerance to extreme conditions in simulated or real space environments. Experimental results from exposure studies on the International Space Station and space probes for up to 1.5 years are presented and discussed. Suggestions for extaterrestrial energy sources are also indicated. Audience Researchers and graduate students in microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and astrobiology, as well as anyone interested in the search for extraterrestrial life and its technical preparations. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism Byung Hong Kim, Geoffrey Michael Gadd, 2008-02-21 Recent determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria has made in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function essential in order to give biochemical, physiological, and ecological meaning to the genomic information. Clearly describing the important metabolic processes that occur in prokaryotes under different conditions and in different environments, this advanced text provides an overview of the key cellular processes that determine bacterial roles in the environment, biotechnology, and human health. Prokaryotic structure is described as well as the means by which nutrients are transported into cells across membranes. Glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the TCA cycle are discussed, as well as other trophic variations found in prokaryotes, including the use of organic compounds, anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic respiratory processes, and photosynthesis. The regulation of metabolism through control of gene expression and control of the activity of enzymes is also covered, as well as survival mechanisms used under starvation conditions. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Polyextremophiles Joseph Seckbach, Aharon Oren, Helga Stan-Lotter, 2013-05-13 Many Microorganisms and some macro-organisms can live under extreme conditions. For example, high and low temperature, acidic and alkaline conditions, high salt areas, high pressure, toxic compounds, high level of ionizing radiation, anoxia and absence of light, etc. Many organisms inhabit environments characterized by more than one form of stress (Polyextremophiles). Among them are those who live in hypersaline and alkaline, hot and acidic, cold/hot and high hydrostatic pressure, etc. Polyextremophiles found in desert regions have to copy with intense UV irradiation and desiccation, high as well as low temperatures, and low availability of water and nutrients. This book provides novel results of application to polyextremophiles research ranging from nanotechnology to synthetic biology to the origin of life and beyond. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Respiration in Archaea and Bacteria Davide Zannoni, 2005-02-17 The book summarizes the achievements of the past decade in the biochemistry, bioenergetics, structural and molecular biology of respiratory processes in selected genera of the domain Bacteria along with an extensive coverage of the redox chains of extremophiles belonging to the Archaean domain. The volume is a unique piece of work since it contains a series of chapters dealing with metabolic features having important microbiological and ecological relevance such as the use of ammonium, iron, methane, sulfur and hydrogen as respiratory substrates or nitrous compounds in denitrification processes. Particular attention is also dedicated to peculiar groups of prokaryotes such as Gram positives, acetic acid bacteria, pathogens of the genera Helicobacter and Campylobacter, nitrogen fixing symbionts and free-living species, oxygenic phototrophs (Cyanobacteria) and anoxygenic (purple non-sulfur) phototrophs. The book is intended to be a long-term source of information for Ph.D. students, researchers and undergraduates from disciplines such as microbiology, biochemistry and ecology, studying basic and applied sciences, medicine and agriculture. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Microbial Physiology Albert G. Moat, John W. Foster, Michael P. Spector, 2003-03-31 The Fourth Edition of Microbial Physiology retains the logical, easy-to-follow organization of the previous editions. An introduction to cell structure and synthesis of cell components is provided, followed by detailed discussions of genetics, metabolism, growth, and regulation for anyone wishing to understand the mechanisms underlying cell survival and growth. This comprehensive reference approaches the subject from a modern molecular genetic perspective, incorporating new insights gained from various genome projects. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: The Prokaryotes Edward F. DeLong, Stephen Lory, Erko Stackebrandt, Fabiano Thompson, 2014-10-13 The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds Vijai Kumar Gupta, Maria G. Tuohy, Anthonia O'Donovan, Mohtashim Lohani, 2015-04-20 Bioactive compounds play a central role in high-value product development in the chemical industry. Bioactive compounds have been identified from diverse sources and their therapeutic benefits, nutritional value and protective effects in human and animal healthcare have underpinned their application as pharmaceuticals and functional food ingredients. The orderly study of biologically active products and the exploration of potential biological activities of these secondary metabolites, including their clinical applications, standardization, quality control, mode of action and potential biomolecular interactions, has emerged as one of the most exciting developments in modern natural medicine. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds describes the current stage of knowledge on the production of bioactive compounds from microbial, algal and vegetable sources. In addition, the molecular approach for screening bioactive compounds is also discussed, as well as examples of applications of these compounds on human health. The first half of the book comprises information on diverse sources of bioactive compounds, ranging from microorganisms and algae to plants and dietary foods. The second half of the book reviews synthetic approaches, as well as selected bioactivities and biotechnological and biomedical potential. The bioactive compounds profiled include compounds such as C-phycocyanins, glycosides, phytosterols and natural steroids. An overview of the usage of bioactive compounds as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, anti-allergic compounds and in stem cell research is also presented, along with an overview of the medicinal applications of plant-derived compounds. Biotechnology of Bioactive Compounds will be an informative text for undergraduate and graduate students of bio-medicinal chemistry who are keen to explore the potential of bioactive natural products. It also provides useful information for scientists working in various research fields where natural products have a primary role. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Extremophiles Handbook Koki Horikoshi, Garabed Antranikian, Alan T. Bull, Frank T. Robb, Karl O. Stetter, 2010-12-08 The Extremophiles Handbook brings together the rapidly growing and often scattered information on microbial life in the whole range of extreme environments. This book will be a useful reference for finding clues to the origin of life and for exploring the biotechnology potential of these fascinating organisms. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Polar Microbiology Asim K. Bej, Jackie Aislabie, Ronald M. Atlas, 2009-12-23 Pollution has accompanied polar exploration since Captain John Davis' arrival on the Antarctic continent in 1821 and has become an unavoidable consequence of oil spills in our polar regions. Fortunately, many of the organisms indigenous to Polar ecosystems have the ability to degrade pollutants. It is this metabolic capacity that forms the basis fo |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Protein Adaptation in Extremophiles Khawar Sohail Siddiqui, Torsten Thomas, 2008 Life has evolved in an extraordinary way to deal with the most extreme physical and chemical conditions. Extremophilic (extreme-loving) organisms have been found in the superheated waters of deep ocean vents or the hypersaline and cold lakes of Antarctica and indeed often require the extreme conditions of their habitat to survive and thrive. The cellular machinery of extremophiles has developed unique adaptation strategies to effectively function in their given environment. Much scientific attention has focussed on the adaptation of proteins as they have both structural and catalytic functions and hence play key roles in all cellular processes. Moreover, their ability to perform in or withstand extreme physical and chemical conditions has made extremophilic proteins attractive bio-catalysts for a range of industrial and biotechnological applications. This novel and significant book comprehensively summarises our current understanding regarding the structure-function-stability relationship of extremophilic proteins. Leading experts in the field extensively review and comment on the adaptation of proteins to the whole spectrum of physical and chemical extremes. This book represents an important and indispensable reference for students, teachers and researchers with interest or activities in the fascinating area of extremophiles. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Biotechnology of Extremophiles: Pabulo H Rampelotto, 2016-04-27 Aimed at research scientists and biotechnologists, this book is an essential reading for those working with extremophiles and their potential biotechnological application. Here, we provide a comprehensive and reliable source of information on the recent advances and challenges in different aspects of the theme. Written in an accessible language, the book is also a recommended as reference text for anyone interested in this thriving field of research. Over the last decades, the study of extremophiles has provided ground breaking discoveries that challenge our understanding of biochemistry and molecular biology. In the applied side, extremophiles and their enzymes have spawned a multibillion dollar biotechnology industry, with applications spanning biomedical, pharmaceutical, industrial, environmental, and agricultural sectors. Taq DNA polymerase (which was isolated from Thermus aquaticus from a geothermal spring in Yellowstone National Park) is the most well-known example of the potential biotechnological application of extremophiles and their biomolecules. Indeed, the application of extremophiles and their biologically active compounds has opened a new era in biotechnology. However, despite the latest advances, we are just in the beginning of exploring the biotechnological potentials of extremophiles. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Extremophiles Ravi V. Durvasula, D. V. Subba Rao, 2018-01-09 Highly recommended by CHOICE, Oct 2018 Extremophiles are nature’s ultimate survivors, thriving in environments ranging from the frozen Antarctic to abyssal hot hydrothermal vents. Their lifeforms span bacteria to fishes, and are categorized as halophiles from hypersaline environments, acidophiles from acidic waters, psychrophiles from cold habitats, and thermophiles from warm waters. Extremophiles: From Biology to Biotechnology comprehensively covers the basic biology, physiology, habitats, secondary metabolites for bioprospecting, and biotechnology of these extreme survivors. The chapters focus on the novel genetic and biochemical traits that lend these organisms to biotechnological applications. Couples studies of marine extremophile biology/genomics and extremophile culture for biotechnological applications with the latest advances in bio-prospecting and bio-product development Includes practical experiments that a laboratory can use to replicate extreme habitats for research purposes Presents latest advances in extremophile genomics to give the reader a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of extremophiles Offers insights into the production of commercially important extremozymes, carotenoids, bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites of medicinal value. This unique guide serves as a resource for biotechnologists who wish to explore extremophiles for their commercial potential, as well as a valuable reference for teaching undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Polar Microbiology Asim K. Bej, Jackie Aislabie, Ronald M. Atlas, 2009-12-23 Pollution has accompanied polar exploration since Captain John Davis' arrival on the Antarctic continent in 1821 and has become an unavoidable consequence of oil spills in our polar regions. Fortunately, many of the organisms indigenous to Polar ecosystems have the ability to degrade pollutants. It is this metabolic capacity that forms the basis fo |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants Pratibha Singh, Madhulika Singh, Rajiv Kumar Singh, Sheo Mohan Prasad, 2021-09-30 PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT STRESS IN PLANTS Discover how soil salinity affects plants and other organisms and the techniques used to remedy the issue In Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants, an editorial team of internationally renowned researchers delivers an extensive exploration of the problem of soil salinity in modern agricultural practices. It also discusses the social and environmental issues caused by salt stress. The book covers the impact of salt on soil microorganisms, crops, and other plants, and presents that information alongside examinations of salt’s effects on other organisms, including aquatic fauna, terrestrial animals, and human beings. Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants describes the morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical dimensions of increasing soil salinity. It also discusses potential remedies and encourages further thought and exploration of this issue. Readers are encouraged to consider less hazardous fertilizers and pesticides, to use safer doses, and to explore and work upon salt resistant varieties of plants. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: Thorough introductions to salt stress perception and toxicity levels and the effects of salt stress on the physiology of crop plants at a cellular level Explorations of the effects of salt stress on the biochemistry of crop plants and salt ion transporters in crop plants at a cellular level Practical discussions of salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants, including prospective signalling, and the effects of salt stress on the morphology, anatomy, and gene expression of crop plants An examination of salt stress on soil chemistry and the plant-atmosphere continuum Perfect for researchers, academics, and students working and studying in the fields of agriculture, botany, entomology, biotechnology, soil science, and plant physiology, Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants will also earn a place on the bookshelves of agronomists, crop scientists, and plant biochemists. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age Wolfgang Walz, 2005-03-22 The advent of molecular techniques has shifted the focus of physiology from its traditional role as an integrative science concerned with the study of regulatory mechanisms leading to adaptation and homeostasis, to a field preoccupied with the problems and challenges inherent in those techniques. In Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age, internationally recognized researchers highlight the major questions and accomplishments of modern physiological research and demonstrate that modern molecular methods can well be incorporated and strengthen the original integrative perspectives of physiology set out by Claude Bernard's concept of the milieu interieur. Among the critical issues discussed are the place of functional genomics in regulatory physiology, the role of model systems in integrative physiology, the function of neural circuits in behavior and consciousness, and the influence of external challenges to the whole body and the environment on genes. The question of integrative physiology in curriculum design for the health sciences is also discussed. Perceptive and timely, Integrative Physiology in the Proteomics and Post-Genomics Age bridges the gap between molecular biology and whole body function, establishing the future of physiology as an integrative science based on new molecular insights. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Thermophilic Bacteria Jakob K. Kristjansson, 2021-01-31 Thermophilic Bacteria is a comprehensive volume that describes all major bacterial groups that can grow above 60-65°C (excluding the Archaea). Over 60 different species of aerobic and anaerobic thermophilic bacteria are covered. Isolation, growth methods, characterization and identification, ecology, metabolism, and enzymology of thermophilic bacteria are examined in detail, and an extensive compilation of recent biotechnological applications and the properties of many thermostable enzymes are also included. Major topics discussed in the book include a general review on thermophilic bacteria and archaea; heterotropic bacilli; the genus Thermus; new and rare genera of aerobic heterophophs, such as Saccharococcus, Rhodothermus, and Scotohermus; aerobic chemolithoautotrophic thermophilic bacteria; obligately anaerobic thermophilic bacteria; and hyperthermophilic Thermotogales and thermophilic phototrophs. Extensive bibliographies are also provided for each chapter. The vast amount of information packed into this one volume makes it essential for all microbiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and students interested in the expanding field of thermophilicity. Biotechnologists will find the book useful as a source of information on thermophiles or thermostable enzymes of possible industrial use. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Life in Extreme Environments Guido di Prisco, Howell G. M. Edwards, Josef Elster, Ad H. L. Huiskes, 2020-10-15 A diverse account of how life exists in extreme environments and these systems' susceptibility and resilience to climate change. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Halophilic Microorganisms Antonio Ventosa, 2013-11-21 Various groups of microorganisms - bacteria, archaea, algae and even fungi - have adapted to a life in a hypersaline environment. Halophilic Microorganisms explores the many-fold aspects of life under these extreme conditions. Several contributions analyze the microbial communities in different hypersaline environments such as salterns, soda lakes, and the Dead Sea or salt sediments. Reviews of their biodiversity, phylogeny, and genetics are given as well as of the diverse adaptation strategies of salt-tolerant or salt-requiring microorganisms. Microorganisms that have adapted to moderate salt concentrations or to habitats with drastic fluctuations are also treated in addition to the extreme halophiles. Their physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms developed in response to salinity and high osmotic pressure as well as current and future biotechnological applications are presented. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes David White, James Drummond, James T. Drummond, Clay Fuqua, 2012 The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes covers the basic principles of prokaryotic physiology, biochemistry, and cell behavior. The fourth edition features comprehensive updates that integrate the latest developments in the field, including genomics, microbial diversity, systems biology, cell-to-cell signaling, and biofilms. The book also presents microbial metabolism in the context of the chemical and physical problems that cells must solve in order to grow. Written in a clear, straightforward manner, the fourth edition adds two new coauthors, Jim Drummond and Clay Fuqua, each a highly respected scholar in his field. The text is organized by topic rather than by organism; this innovative structure will help you to better understand the general principles of physiology and metabolism. Each chapter ends with a summary, thought-provoking study questions, and an extensive list of references to outside research literature that you can access for more information and detailed explanations of material in the text. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Fungi in Extreme Environments: Ecological Role and Biotechnological Significance Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro, Martin Grube, 2019-08-01 Over the last decades, scientists have been intrigued by the fascinating organisms that inhabit extreme environments. These organisms, known as extremophiles, thrive in habitats which for other terrestrial life-forms are intolerably hostile or even lethal. Based on such technological advances, the study of extremophiles has provided, over the last few years, ground-breaking discoveries that challenge the paradigms of modern biology. In the new bioeconomy, fungi in general, play a very important role in addressing major global challenges, being instrumental for improved resource efficiency, making renewable substitutes for products from fossil resources, upgrading waste streams to valuable food and feed ingredients, counteracting life-style diseases and antibiotic resistance through strengthening the gut biota, making crop plants more robust to survive climate change conditions, and functioning as host organisms for production of new biological drugs. This range of new uses of fungi all stand on the shoulders of the efforts of mycologists over generations. The book is organized in five parts: (I) Biodiversity, Ecology, Genetics and Physiology of Extremophilic Fungi, (II) Biosynthesis of Novel Biomolecules and Extremozymes (III) Bioenergy and Biofuel synthesis, and (IV) Wastewater and biosolids treatment, and (V) Bioremediation. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Bioactive Compounds from Terrestrial Extremophiles Lesley-Ann Giddings, David J. Newman, 2014-11-21 A discussion of the chemical compounds produced by organisms living under extreme conditions that may have potential as drugs or leads to novel drugs for human use. This SpringerBrief deals with bioactive materials from terrestrial extremophiles. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Comprehensive Biotechnology , 2011-08-26 The second edition of Comprehensive Biotechnology, Six Volume Set continues the tradition of the first inclusive work on this dynamic field with up-to-date and essential entries on the principles and practice of biotechnology. The integration of the latest relevant science and industry practice with fundamental biotechnology concepts is presented with entries from internationally recognized world leaders in their given fields. With two volumes covering basic fundamentals, and four volumes of applications, from environmental biotechnology and safety to medical biotechnology and healthcare, this work serves the needs of newcomers as well as established experts combining the latest relevant science and industry practice in a manageable format. It is a multi-authored work, written by experts and vetted by a prestigious advisory board and group of volume editors who are biotechnology innovators and educators with international influence. All six volumes are published at the same time, not as a series; this is not a conventional encyclopedia but a symbiotic integration of brief articles on established topics and longer chapters on new emerging areas. Hyperlinks provide sources of extensive additional related information; material authored and edited by world-renown experts in all aspects of the broad multidisciplinary field of biotechnology Scope and nature of the work are vetted by a prestigious International Advisory Board including three Nobel laureates Each article carries a glossary and a professional summary of the authors indicating their appropriate credentials An extensive index for the entire publication gives a complete list of the many topics treated in the increasingly expanding field |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Sea Ice David N. Thomas, 2017-03-06 Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Mitochondria and Anaerobic Energy Metabolism in Eukaryotes William F. Martin, Aloysius G. M. Tielens, Marek Mentel, 2020-12-07 Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organismsm known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen avaiable, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Microbial Evolution Under Extreme Conditions Corien Bakermans, 2015-03 This book explores the current state of knowledge about microbial evolution under extreme conditions addressing questions from the perspectives of different extreme environments, organisms, and evolutionary processes: What is known about the processes of evolution that produce adaptations to extreme conditions? Can this knowledge be applied to other systems? What requires future research? |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: HALOPHILIC BACTERIA Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, 1988 |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria Larry L. Barton, W. Allan Hamilton, 2007-05-31 Sulphate-reducing bacteria play an important role in many biogeochemical processes. This timely update on research, from the basic biochemical mechanisms of these microorganisms to their environmental roles, will be a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of microbial ecology and physiology, bioengineering, biogeochemistry and related areas of environmental science. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Handbook of Astrobiology Vera M. Kolb, 2018-12-07 Choice Recommended Title, August 2019 Read an exclusive interview with Professor Vera Kolb here. Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, distribution, and future of life on Earth. This exciting and significant field of research also investigates the potential existence and search for extra-terrestrial life in the Solar System and beyond. This is the first handbook in this burgeoning and interdisciplinary field. Edited by Vera Kolb, a highly respected astrobiologist, this comprehensive resource captures the history and current state of the field. Rich in information and easy to use, it assumes basic knowledge and provides answers to questions from practitioners and specialists in the field, as well as providing key references for further study. Features: Fills an important gap in the market, providing a comprehensive overview of the field Edited by an authority in the subject, with chapters written by experts in the many diverse areas that comprise astrobiology Contains in-depth and broad coverage of an exciting field that will only grow in importance in the decades ahead |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology Byung Hong Kim, Geoffrey Michael Gadd, 2019-05-31 Vast numbers of different prokaryotic microorganisms shape the biosphere, with diverse metabolic capabilities. Determination of genome sequences for a wide range of bacteria and archaea now requires an in-depth knowledge of prokaryotic metabolic function to give biochemical, physiological and ecological meaning to the genomic information. This new edition describes up-to-date knowledge of the key metabolic processes that occur under different conditions, and the cellular processes that determine prokaryotic roles in the environment, biotechnology and human health. Essential for students of microbiology, applied microbiology, biotechnology, genomics and systems biology, this advanced textbook covers prokaryotic structure, composition, nutrient transport, biosynthesis and growth. Newly characterised metabolic pathways are included, as well as the latest understanding of metabolic regulation and stress responses. Additionally, the link between energetics, growth and survival is discussed as well as the maintenance of genetic integrity by the bacterial immune system. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria, 2 Volume Set Frans J. de Bruijn, 2016-09-06 Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress. |
| physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles: Adaption of Microbial Life to Environmental Extremes Helga Stan-Lotter, Sergiu Fendrihan, 2012-10-13 Once considered exceptional rarities, extremophiles have become attractive objects for basic and applied research ranging from nanotechnology to biodiversity to the origins of life and even to the search for extraterrestrial life. Several novel aspects of extremophiles are covered in this book; the focus is firstly on unusual and less explored ecosystems such as marine hypersaline deeps, extreme cold, desert sands, and man-made clean rooms for spacecraft assembly. Secondly, the increasingly complex field of applications from extremophile research is treated and examples such as novel psychrophilic enzymes, compounds from halophiles, and detection strategies for potential extraterrestrial life forms are presented. |
Physiology - Wikipedia
Human physiology is the study of how the human body's systems and functions work together to maintain a stable internal environment. It includes the study of the nervous, endocrine, …
What Is Physiology? - WebMD
Dec 7, 2023 · Physiology is the study of how the human body works. It describes the chemistry and physics behind basic body functions, from how molecules behave in cells to how systems …
Physiology | Definition & Bodily Function | Britannica
physiology, study of the functioning of living organisms, animal or plant, and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells. The word physiology was first used by the Greeks around 600 …
What is physiology? - The Physiological Society
Physiology is the science of life. It is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to …
Introduction to physiology: History, biological systems, and …
Oct 13, 2017 · Physiology is the study of normal function within living creatures. It is a sub-section of biology, covering a range of topics that include organs, anatomy, and biological...
PHYSIOLOGY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of PHYSIOLOGY is a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical …
Human Physiology: Overview of physiology of organ systems
Jul 25, 2024 · In this article, we will provide an overview of the physiology of different organ systems and lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the human body. The muscular …
Physiology - Definition, Major and History - Biology Dictionary
May 15, 2017 · Physiology is the study of all the physical and chemical processes that take place in organisms in order for them to perform all the functions and activities associated with living.
What is Physiology? - GeeksforGeeks
Apr 16, 2025 · Physiology is the study of how living organisms function and maintain life. It explores the mechanisms of cellular processes, providing detailed information on the basics of …
What is Physiology? - PhysiologyWeb
Sep 25, 2000 · Physiology is the study of how living systems function. Scientists who study physiology are called physiologists. Physiologists attempt to describe biological phenomena in …
Physiology - Wikipedia
Human physiology is the study of how the human body's systems and functions work together to maintain a stable internal environment. It includes the study of the nervous, endocrine, …
What Is Physiology? - WebMD
Dec 7, 2023 · Physiology is the study of how the human body works. It describes the chemistry and physics behind basic body functions, from how molecules behave in cells to how systems …
Physiology | Definition & Bodily Function | Britannica
physiology, study of the functioning of living organisms, animal or plant, and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells. The word physiology was first used by the Greeks around 600 …
What is physiology? - The Physiological Society
Physiology is the science of life. It is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to …
Introduction to physiology: History, biological systems, and …
Oct 13, 2017 · Physiology is the study of normal function within living creatures. It is a sub-section of biology, covering a range of topics that include organs, anatomy, and biological...
PHYSIOLOGY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of PHYSIOLOGY is a branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (such as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical …
Human Physiology: Overview of physiology of organ systems
Jul 25, 2024 · In this article, we will provide an overview of the physiology of different organ systems and lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the human body. The muscular …
Physiology - Definition, Major and History - Biology Dictionary
May 15, 2017 · Physiology is the study of all the physical and chemical processes that take place in organisms in order for them to perform all the functions and activities associated with living.
What is Physiology? - GeeksforGeeks
Apr 16, 2025 · Physiology is the study of how living organisms function and maintain life. It explores the mechanisms of cellular processes, providing detailed information on the basics of …
What is Physiology? - PhysiologyWeb
Sep 25, 2000 · Physiology is the study of how living systems function. Scientists who study physiology are called physiologists. Physiologists attempt to describe biological phenomena in …
