Pahari School

  pahari school: A Brief History of Indian Painting ,
  pahari school: ,
  pahari school: Painters of the Pahari Schools Vishwa Chander Ohri, Roy C. Craven, 1998 This Volume Makes A Further Contribution To The Study Of Painters Who Lived And Worked In The Hill States Of The Western Himalaya. It Includes A Wealth Of New Information And Several Scholars - Often Sharply Divergent. Recently Discovered Material Forms The Basis For Fresh Insights And Attributions. Recently Discovered Material Forms The Basis Of Fresh Insights And Attributions. Apart From The Masters Devidasa, Lahuru, Mahesh, Nainsukh, Pandit Seu And His Sons, Research On Astists Of The Later Generations Of Pandit Seu Family, Who Have Not Been Previously Studied Individually Is Also Provided Here. An Effort Has Been Made To Cover As Many Reputed Series Of Pahari Paintings As Possible, Making For Rich Visual Material.
  pahari school: The Modern Review , 1911
  pahari school: His-History Indian Art-TB-12_E-R Kajal Kanjilal, His-History Indian Art-TB-12_E-R
  pahari school: American Art Sales , 1927
  pahari school: A History of Indian Painting Krishna Chaitanya, 1976
  pahari school: Introducing India K. RAMAKRISHNAN, This book is the picture of Modern India emerging as one of the leading nations of the world, in the background of a broader historical perspective.
  pahari school: UGC NET Paper 2 _ History Volume - 2 Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-03-03 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels.
  pahari school: Indian Murals and Paintings ,
  pahari school: History Notes Assistant Professor, UGC NTA NET hp, 101-01-01 History Notes Assistant Professor, UGC NTA NET Chapter 1: Historical Methods & Sources (Unit I & X) 4 Chapter 2: Prehistoric Foundations: Pastoralism and Food Production. 20 Chapter 3: Indus/Harappa Civilization (Unit I) 31 Chapter 4: Early Vedic Period: Institutions, Society & Ideas (Unit I) 52 Chapter 5: Later Vedic Period & Early State Systems. 64 Chapter 6: Expansion of State System & Rise of Heterodox Sects (Unit I) 74 Chapter 7: Rise of Magadha & Mauryan Empire: Expansion & Polity. 88 Chapter 8: Mauryan Decline, Art & Architecture (Unit II) 124 Chapter 9: Post-Mauryan Era: Regional Powers & Sangam Age (Unit II) 139 Chapter 10: Post-Mauryan Trade & Religious Developments (Unit II) 155 Chapter 11: Post-Mauryan Art and Architecture Schools (Unit II) 168 Chapter 12: Gupta-Vakataka Age: Polity, Society & Agrarian System (Unit II) 181 Chapter 13: Gupta-Vakataka Age: Culture, Science & Technology. 193 Chapter 14: Harshavardhana & Contemporary Southern Dynasties (Unit II) 206 Chapter 15: Emergence of Regional Kingdoms in Deccan. 223 Chapter 16: Emergence of Regional Kingdoms in South India (Unit III) 249 Chapter 17: Emergence of Regional Kingdoms in Eastern, Western & Northern India (Unit III) 269 Chapter 18: Characteristics of Early Medieval India: Administration & Agrarian Economy. 287 Chapter 19: Early Medieval India: Trade, Urbanization & Social Structure (Unit III) 303 Chapter 20: Early Medieval India: Religion & Education (Unit III) 314 Chapter 21: Debates on State Formation in Early Medieval India & Arab Contacts (Unit III) 326 Chapter 22: Sources of Medieval Indian History (Unit IV) 339 Chapter 23: Political Developments: The Delhi Sultanate. 354 Chapter 24: Political Developments: The Mughal Empire – Foundation & Consolidation. 368 Chapter 25: Decline of Mughals & Rise of Regional Powers (Medieval) 386 Chapter 26: Rise of the Marathas & Maratha Confederacy. 396 Chapter 27: Administration under the Sultanate: Nature & Systems (Unit V) 409 Chapter 28: Sher Shah’s Reforms & Mughal Administration (Unit V) 421 Chapter 29: Administrative Systems in the Deccan & Maratha State; Frontier Policies (Unit V) 441 Chapter 30: Medieval Agrarian Economy & Urbanization. 455 Chapter 30: Medieval Agrarian Economy & Urbanization. 471 Chapter 31: Medieval Industries, Trade & Commerce (Unit V) 486 Chapter 32: Medieval Finance, Currency & Socio-Economic Challenges (Unit V) 502 Chapter 33: Medieval Society: Organisation, Structure & Classes (Unit VI) 519 Chapter 34: Sufism & Bhakti Movement in Medieval India (Unit VI) 530 Chapter 35: The Sikh Movement & Position of Women in Medieval India (Unit VI) 543 Chapter 36: Medieval Education, Curriculum & Fine Arts (Unit VI) 558 Chapter 37: Medieval Art and Architecture & Fortifications. 574 Chapter 38: Sources of Modern Indian History & Rise of British Power 591 Chapter 39: British Relations with Principal Indian States & The Revolt of 1857. 608 Chapter 40: Administration of the Company and the Crown & British Policies (Unit VII) 622 Chapter 41: Local Self-Government & Constitutional Changes (1909 – 1935) 647 Chapter 42: Colonial Economy: Trade, Agriculture, De-Industrialisation & Policies (Unit VIII) 659 Chapter 43: British Industrial Policy, Labour Movements & Infrastructure. 680 Chapter 44: Colonial Urbanization, Social Issues, Movements & Ideologies. 701 Chapter 45: Indian Renaissance, Socio-Religious Reforms & Women’s Question. 717 Chapter 46: Rise of Indian Nationalism & Early Congress. 730 Chapter 47: Gandhian Mass Movements, Other Political Strands & Communal Politics. 745 Chapter 48: Post-Independence India: Integration, Constitution & Socio-Economic Policies (Unit IX) 761 Chapter 49: India's Foreign Policy & Later Political-Economic Dynamics. 779 Chapter 50: Historical Method, Research, Methodology and Historiography (Unit X) 793
  pahari school: IAS Mains Chapterwise Solved Papers General Studies Siddharth Mittal, 2021-04-17 1. The book is designed for preparation of civil services exams 2. It is divided into 4 papers and segmented into topics. 3. Last 5 Years solved papers are given to understand the changing paper. 4. Chapterwise Questions are provided from 2020 to 1997 for practice. 5. Solved Papers 2020-2017 are given for practice. Candidates, who are appearing in IAS Main Exams, are always in need of comprehensive and accurate study material which could actually serve the purpose for the smart and cumulative understanding of the subject. General Studies is a very dynamic topic which requires in depth analysis and vast knowledge. With the current edition of IAS Mains General Studies Chapterwise Solved Papers 2020-1997 candidates are guided with the authentic source of information following the current paper pattern. The book is divided into 4 Parts providing complete practice of each paper. Every chapter is loaded with good number of questions from 1997 to 2020 along with detailed solutions. Solved Papers (2020-2017) are provided to get the better insight of the question papers and its pattern. TOC Solved Paper 2020-2017 (Paper - I, II, III, IV), Paper I – Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society, Paper II – Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations, Paper III – Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management, Paper IV – Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude.
  pahari school: IAS Mains Civil Services General Studies Chapterwise Solved Papers (2021-1997) Siddharth Mittal, 2022-03-02 1. Serves as a perfect exercise manual. 2. Divided into 2 sections to provide better practical knowledge 3. Previous 10 Years’ Solved Papers quick revision 4. Detailed and authentic solutions 5. 5 Mock Tests for self-assessment Presenting the first edition of “BITSAT 10 Years’ Solved Papers 5 Mock Tests” has been designed to serve as a perfect exercise manual for the exams. As the name suggests, the book is carefully comprised with questions exactly on the lines of the evolving examination pattern. Divided into 2 sections, it provides better understanding of the concepts and practical knowledge to the competitors. Previous 10 Years’ Solved Papers (2021-2012) have been given with detailed and authentic solutions for conceptual clarity and quick revision. Supported with 5 Mock Tests framed exactly on the latest pattern & trend of BITSAT, it helps the students in thorough practice and to assess their preparation level for before the examination. Going through this book will give you an exact idea of the questions asked in BITSAT. TOC Previous 10 Years’ Solved Papers [2021-2012], Mock Test [1-5]
  pahari school: UPSC Prelims General Studies (Paper - 1) Exam | 1300+ Solved Objective Questions (10 Mock Tests + 3 Previous Year Papers) EduGorilla Prep Experts, 2022-08-03 • Best Selling Book in English Edition for UPSC Prelims General Studies (Paper - 1) Exam with objective-type questions as per the latest syllabus given by the UPSC. • Compare your performance with other students using Smart Answer Sheets in EduGorilla’s UPSC Prelims General Studies (Paper - 1) Exam Practice Kit. • UPSC Prelims General Studies (Paper - 1) Exam Preparation Kit comes with 13 Tests (10 Mock Tests + 3 Previous Year Papers) with the best quality content. • Increase your chances of selection by 14X. • UPSC Prelims General Studies (Paper - 1) Exam Prep Kit comes with well-structured and 100% detailed solutions for all the questions. • Clear exam with good grades using thoroughly Researched Content by experts.
  pahari school: Rupam , 1929
  pahari school: Modernism and the Art of Muslim South Asia Iftikhar Dadi, 2010-05-15 This pioneering work traces the emergence of the modern and contemporary art of Muslim South Asia in relation to transnational modernism and in light of the region’s intellectual, cultural, and political developments. Art historian Iftikhar Dadi here explores the art and writings of major artists, men and women, ranging from the late colonial period to the era of independence and beyond. He looks at the stunningly diverse artistic production of key artists associated with Pakistan, including Abdur Rahman Chughtai, Zainul Abedin, Shakir Ali, Zubeida Agha, Sadequain, Rasheed Araeen, and Naiza Khan. Dadi shows how, beginning in the 1920s, these artists addressed the challenges of modernity by translating historical and contemporary intellectual conceptions into their work, reworking traditional approaches to the classical Islamic arts, and engaging the modernist approach towards subjective individuality in artistic expression. In the process, they dramatically reconfigured the visual arts of the region. By the 1930s, these artists had embarked on a sustained engagement with international modernism in a context of dizzying social and political change that included decolonization, the rise of mass media, and developments following the national independence of India and Pakistan in 1947. Bringing new insights to such concepts as nationalism, modernism, cosmopolitanism, and tradition, Dadi underscores the powerful impact of transnationalism during this period and highlights the artists' growing embrace of modernist and contemporary artistic practice in order to address the challenges of the present era.
  pahari school: Longman Panorama History 8 Singh,
  pahari school: KPSC KAS Prelims Exam (Paper-1) Book 2024 | Karnataka Administrative Service | 15 Solved Practice Mock Tests (1500+ MCQs) with Access to Online Tests EduGorilla Prep Experts, • Best Selling Book in English Edition for KPSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Exam 2024 with objective-type questions as per the latest syllabus. • KPSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Exam Preparation Kit comes with 15 Practice Mock Tests and Online Access of 15+ Previous Year Papers (PYPs) with the best quality content. • Increase your chances of selection by 16X. • KPSC KAS Prelims Paper 1 Exam Prep Kit comes with well-structured and 100% detailed solutions for all the questions. • Clear exam with good grades using thoroughly Researched Content by experts.
  pahari school: The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC Exams 3rd Edition Disha Experts, 2018-12-17 The thouroughly Revised & Updated 3rd Edition of the book History Compendium for General Studies CSAT Paper 1 & State PCS provides the MOST UPDATED material for the exam. The USP of the book is that the information is captured in a self-explanatory and easy to remember methodology which comprises of Mind Maps, Infographics, Charts, Tables and latest exam pattern MCQs. The emphasis of the book has been on capturing each and every detail pertaining to the Indian History which is important from the point of view of the exam. The book captures most of the important questions with explanations of the past years of the IAS Prelim exam, CDS, NDA and other competitive exams distributed in the various chapters. The book is divided into 3 parts (Ancient, Medieval & Modern) which are further divided into 32 chapters. Each chapter is followed by 2 levels of exercises with 1500+ Simple MCQs & statement based MCQs.
  pahari school: The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies CSAT Paper 1, UPSC & State PSC 2nd Edition Disha Experts, 2017-07-11 The History Compendium for General Studies CSAT Paper 1, State PCS, CDS, & NDA 2nd Edition has been thoroughly revised & updated to provide the MOST UPDATED material for the exam. The USP of the book is that the information is captured in a concise and easy to remember methodology which further comprises of Mind Maps, Infographics, Charts, Tables and latest exam pattern MCQs. The emphasis of the book has been on conceptual understanding and better retention which are important from the point of view of the exam. The book captures most of the important questions with explanations of the past years of the IAS Prelim exam, CDS, NDA and other competitive exams distributed in the various chapters. The book is divided into 18 chapters. Each chapter is followed by 2 levels of exercises with 1350+ Simple MCQs & statement based MCQs.
  pahari school: Indian History & Culture Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC Exams 4th Edition Disha Experts,
  pahari school: GK with Spl Reference to JK Qurat Fazil, 2024-10-11 The pursuit of knowledge and excellence has always been at the core of
  pahari school: History of Indian Art Kajal Kanjilal, History Book
  pahari school: Early Wall Painting of Garhwal B. P. Kamboj, 2003 Study of the Gurudwara Shri Guru Ram Rai Saheb, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India.
  pahari school: Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East... Church Missionary Society, 1904
  pahari school: A Panorama of Indian Culture K. K. Kusuman, 1990 Festschrift honoring a historian from Kerala; contributed articles.
  pahari school: General Studies-4 Ancient History & Medieval History YCT Expert Team , 2023-24 UPSC & All State PSC (Pre) General Studies-4 Ancient History & Medieval History Solved Papers
  pahari school: Indian Miniature Painting Anjan Chakraverty, 2005 This book journeys through the development and decline of the schools of Indian miniature painting. The represented masterpieces bear testimony to the genius of the painters. Of special interest is the context, portrayed through contemporary literature and chronicles that throw light on the lives of these master artists.
  pahari school: CTET & TETs Previous Year Papers (Class 6-8) Social Science / Studies 2020 Arihant Experts, 2020-03-14 Central Teaching Eligibility Test (CTET) is a national level test conducted by CBSE twice a year to recruit the eligible candidates as teacher. The exam is conducted into 2 papers: Paper 1 for class 1-5 and Paper 2 for class 6-8. Any candidate who is interested to become a teacher for classes 6 to 8 then they have to appear for both the papers. The new edition of CTET Cracker “CTET & TETs Previous Years’ Papers [2020-2011] Paper II Social Science/ Studies” for class 6th to 8th has been prepared as per the latest examinations based on various teaching patterns. The book covers all the papers of CTET & other State TETs from [2020 to 2011] i.e. 3000 Solved Questions are given so that candidates could understand the difficulty level and latest paper pattern & trends and prepare accordingly. Answers of each question have been provided in a well explained and lucid manner so that each topic could be memorize with the clear concepts. Preparation from this book will help you crack the CTET and other TETs in first attempt. TABLE OF CONTENT Previous Years’ Paper [2020 – 2011].
  pahari school: CTET & TETs Previous Year Papers Class (6 to 8) Social Science and Studies 2021 Arihant Experts, 2021-07-28 1. The book is complete practice capsule for CTET and TETs Entrances 2. The practice capsule deals with Social Science/Studies Papers for Classes 6 - 8 3. Covers Previous Years’ Questions (2021-2013) of various Teaching Entrances 4. More than 3000 Questions are provided for practice 5. Well detailed answers help to understand the concepts Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) or Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) are the national level teaching entrance exams that recruit eligible candidates as teacher who are willing to make their careers in the stream of teaching at Central or State Government Schools. Prepared under National curriculum pattern, the current edition of “CTET & TETs Previous Years’ Solved Papers – Social Science/Studies for Class 6 – 8” is a complete practice package for teaching entrances. This book covers all the previous years’ questions (2021-2013) providing complete detailed explanations of each question. It has more than 3000 Questions that are asked in various Teaching Entrances which promote self-evaluation by enabling not just practicing and revising concepts but also to keep track of self-progress. Well detailed answers help students to win over doubt and fears associated with exam. Preparation done from this book proves to be highly useful for CTET& TET Papers in achieving good rank. TABLE OF CONTENT Solved Paper (2021-2013)
  pahari school: The Muslim Review , 1928
  pahari school: Visual Arts Question Bank UGC NTA NET Assistant Professors Mocktime Publication, 101-01-01 Chpater 1. Introduction to Visual Arts (Part 1): The visual arts consist of creative expression that considers innovation and individuality as its primary determinants; Objects-of-art thus produced with great skill or accomplishment invariably gains a degree of (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 2. Introduction to Visual Arts (Part 2): In contemporary times visual art has moved beyond the singular discipline towards multi-media expressions that have even significantly transgressed the studio and gallery/museum as spaces and the market as its economic determinant; Thus, it now includes and incorporates the applied arts within it, while photography and digital modes are integrated into its world of postmodern practice; On the theoretical perspective, art history and criticism examines and analyses the past and present developments and innovations, providing a contextual awareness to studio-practice about the present and possible future(s), thus integrates all of the above into a holistic understanding of the discipline(s). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 3. UNIT I - Fundamentals & Composition: Fundamentals of visual art (line, shape, form, space, colour, texture, tonal values, perspective, design etc.); Understanding visual principles of composition (proportion, unity, harmony, rhythm, contrast, balance, foreshortening and emphasis etc.); Representation through two and three dimensions in visual art; Environmental, conceptual and perceptual aspects of art. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 4. UNIT II - Inter-relationship of Visual Arts: Various forms of visual arts and their inter-relationship with other modes of creative expression, e.g. performing art, cinema and literature. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 5. UNIT III - Traditional Mediums & Techniques: Knowledge of traditional medium, materials and techniques, and their application in all disciplines of visual expression – e.g. carving and casting processes; handling of 2 colour/pigment (impasto, glazing, etc.); intaglio/relief print; fresco; preparation of ground for murals, preparation of wasli for miniatures, etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 6. UNIT IV - Modern Techniques & Contemporary Practices: Developments in modern techniques, processes and procedures and their application in contemporary visual practices (installation; multi-colour print; computer-aided design – vector & rector; multimedia and digital technologies in art; trompe l’oeil illusory hyperrealism etc.). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 7. UNIT V & VI - Aesthetics, Art Appreciation & Western Art History: The study of Indian and Western aesthetics and art appreciation; Study of chronological periods from prehistory to post-modern art and artists of the West, with a focus on the various movements that transformed its history. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 8. UNIT VII & VIII (Part 1) - Indian Art History & Contemporary Practices: Study of chronological periods and developments in Indian art from prehistory to the 19th century; Contemporary practices in Indian art during the 20th & 21st centuries with reference to art movements & major exponents. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 9. UNIT VIII (Part 2) & IX - Indian Visual Communication, Art Education & Asian Art: Modern concept of advertising, designing and visual communication; experimental modes in contemporary visual expression; development of art education in India from colonial (British) art schools till the present; The study of art in the Far East, South East and Central Asia and the ancient Near-East. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 10. UNIT X - Traditional, Folk & Tribal Practices: Understanding visual practices of traditional communities and their contemporary transformations – the ‘folk’, ‘tribal’ and craft practices in India. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 11. Elective I: Art History Principles & Methodology: Principles of Art Historical methodology – Formalism; Iconology; Semiotic analysis; Psychoanalytic method in Art History; Gestalt Theory of Visual Perception; impact of theories in class and gender on the discipline; Deconstruction and its transformative role for Art History; contemporary shifts towards a “New” Art History; art history as an evolving discipline in India from colonial period to post-Independent era; introduction of curatorial 3 practices – confluence of museum, gallery and art history; aesthetic theories and their relevance to art historical/critical analysis of the visual object. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 12. Elective I: Indian Iconography (Brahmanical): Antiquity of image worship in India and principles of iconometry; iconography and its development through Vedic to Brahmanical images: Indra, Surya, Agni, Varuna, Kubera, Yama, Ashta-dikpalas, Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, the Saptamtrikas, Kartikeya, Ganesha, and river goddesses (Ganga and Yamuna) etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 13. Elective I: Buddhist & Jain Iconography: Buddhist iconography: the evolution of the Buddha image (including Dhyani Buddhas, Manushi Buddhas, etc.), Bodhisattva (Avalokiteshvara, Manjushri, Maitreya etc.), Tara, Kubera etc.; Jain iconography: Tirthankara (Adinath, Parshvanath, Neminath, Mahavira), Bahubali; Ambika, Saraswati, Yaksha and Yakshi (in the Jain context) etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 14. Elective I: Indian Sculpture (Pre-Modern): A comprehensive study of early Indian sculpture from Indus valley civilization to the post- Gupta period – dynasties like Maurya, Sunga, Satavahana, Kushana, Gupta, Pala-Sena, Chandela, Solanki, Parmar, Chalukya, Pallava, Rashtrakuta, Ganga, Chola, Hoysala, etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 15. Elective I: Indian Architecture (Early, Stupas & Caves): Early Indian architecture (with reference to ancient literature and shilpa texts): Indus valley; Maurya Origin and development of the stupa: Bharhut, Sanchi, Sarnath and Amaravati; Evolution of rock-cut caves (Lomas-rishi, Khandagiri, Udaigiri, Bhaja, Karle, Kanheri, Ajanta, Elephanta, Ellora and Mamallapuram). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 16. Elective I: Indian Temple, Imperial & Modern Architecture: Evolution of temple architecture & their classification into Nagara, Dravida and Vessara categories: Gupta temples; Orissan developments (Parashurameshwara, Mukteshvara, Lingaraj and Konark); Chandella, Pratihar, Parmara and Solanki temple styles; Chalukyan, Rastrakuta and Hoysala temple architecture (including Virupaksha, Kaliashnatha in Ellora, Hoyasaleshvara; Pallava monolithic and structural temples; Chola temples; Martand Sun temple in Kashmir; Imperial architecture during Sultanate & Mughal rule: features of provincial Indo-Islamic architecture; Mughal architecture (Humayun’s Tomb, Fatehpur Sikari and Sikandra, Taj Mahal, Red Fort and Jama Masjid); Colonial & Modern architecture: Le Corbusier, Charles Correa, B.V. Doshi and others. 4. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 17. Elective I: Indian Painting (Pre-Modern): A comprehensive study of pre-historic painting, wall paintings at Ajanta and later mural tradition (Bagh, Badami, Ellora, Sittanvasal, Lepakshi, Kerala murals such as Mattancherry palace etc.); manuscript painting & the miniature traditions: Eastern and Western Indian manuscripts; Sultanate painting (the Chaurpanchasika and pre-Mughal schools), Mughal miniature painting from Akbar to Shah Jahan; Rajasthani miniature painting; Pahari miniature painting ; Deccani painting (Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golconda). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 18. Elective I: Modern Indian Art: Modernity in Indian Art; Ravi Varma; E.B. Havell, A.K. Coomaraswamy, Stella Kramrisch, Abanindranath Tagore and the “Bengal School”; Nandalal Bose, Benodebehari Mukherjee and Ramkinkar Baij; Amrita Sher-Gil; Jamini Roy; the 1940s artists’ collectives: Calcutta Group (Kolkata), Progressive Artists Group (Mumbai), Delhi Shilpi Chakra (Delhi), Cholamandala Artists’ Village (Chennai); Indigenism and the trends in 1950s and 1960s; trends in abstraction since the 1970s; the 20th & 21st century contemporary trends towards globalization (including the introduction of installation, performance, digital/video etc.) with a study of select individual artists. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 19. Elective I: Western Art (Ancient to Romanticism): Overview of Western art from prehistory to the present: Prehistoric art, art in ancient Egypt, Aegean art, Greece and Rome; Early-Christian and Byzantine art; Romanesque and Gothic art; Renaissance painting and sculpture; Mannerism and Baroque painting and sculpture; Rococo, Neoclassicism and Romanticism. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 20. Elective I: Western Art (Modern & Post-Modern Movements): Modern movements including Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impression, Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Constructivism, Futurism, Dada and Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Op art, Pop art; Post-modern developments including, Minimal and Conceptual Art, Fluxus movement, Arte Povera, Body art, Land and Environment Art, Graffiti, Process art, Performance art, Installation, Neo-figuration, Happening, Feminist and Gay art. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 21. Elective I: Art of Ancient Near-East & Far East/Central/South-East Asia (Part 1 - Mesopotamia, Persia, China): Visual expression from ancient Mesopotamia (Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Assyria); art in Achaemanid and Sassanian Persia; Introduction to cultural exchange between India and these ancient cultures and the emergence of distinctive visual expressions: ancient China (Shang, Zhou, and Han dynasties); Buddhist sculpture from upto Tang dynasty; Six Dynasties and Tang painting; Chinese landscape tradition from Song to Qing. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 22. Elective I: Art of Far East/Central/South-East Asia (Part 2 - Japan, Tibet, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Java, Myanmar/Thailand): Japan (Haniwa pottery figures; Buddhist sculptures from Nara to Kamakura periods); late Heian and Kamakura painting including the Tale of Genji and the Heiji Monogatari Emaki scrolls; Japanese scroll painting in the Momoyama & Edo periods; ukiyo-e woodblock prints from the Edo period); Tibet (Buddhist icons and the thangka painting tradition); Nepal (Buddhist and Brahmanical sculptures and painting); Sri Lanka (sculpture and painting – including Sigiriya murals); Cambodia (sculpture and architecture, 5 especially Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom); Java (sculpture and architecture, including the Dieng plateau candi-s, the Borobudur stupa, and Prambanan complex); Buddhist art in Myanmar/Burma and Siam/Thailand etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 23. Elective I: Indian Folk and Tribal Art: Phad, Pichhwai and Kavad painting (Rajasthan); Pata painting in Bengal and Orissa; Madhubani/Mithila painting (Bihar), Warli painting (Maharastra), Pithora painting (Gujarat); Dhokra bronze casting; votive terracotta objects (including votive horses offered across various states in India); wood carving and wooden dolls (Kondapalli, Karnataka, Bengal, Madhya Pradesh); leather puppets (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka); traditional and modern textiles and functional objects (textiles of Banaras, Kanchipuram, Gujrat, Orissa, and the North-Eastern states; tie-and-dye fabrics; embroidery; kantha, Phulkari, Chamba rumal; metal-ware including Bidri, repousse, enamelling; jewellery including jade, beads etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 24. Elective II: Drawing & Painting Aesthetics (Fundamentals & Indian): Fundamental elements of drawing and painting. Imagery in visual arts. Origin and development of art (visual). Classification of Arts. Conceptual and Visual reality. Relevance of study of aesthetics in painting: The early philosophical thoughts in Indian Culture. Nature and Function of Art in the society. Indian aesthetics: Concept of Ras-Sutra and its commentaries: The Theory of Rasa, Sadharanikarana, Dhvani, Alankara, Auchitya,etc; shilpa texts like the Chitrasutra of the Vishnudharmottara Purana, Shadanga from Yashodhara’s commentary on the Kamasutra, etc.; A.K. Coomaraswamy and Rabindranath Tagore’s contributions towards Indian aesthetics. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 25. Elective II: Western Aesthetics (Theories & Philosophers): Theory of imitation and representation, catharsis (Plato and Aristotle). Aesthetical views of Kant, Hegel, Croce, Tolstoy, Baumgarten, Schopenhauer, Clive Bell, Roger Fry, I. A. Richards, Susanne Langer, Sigmund Freud, and George Santayana. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 26. Elective II: History of Indian Painting (Ancient to Company School): Prehistoric Paintings in India, Wall paintings of Ajanta, Bagh, Badami and Sittanavasal. Manuscript painting tradition Pala and Western Indian. Tradition of Miniature paintings: Pre-Mughal, Mughal, Rajasthani, Pahari (Basohli, Guler-Kangra and Garhwal) and Deccani painting (Ahmendagar, Bijapur & Golconda). Company School of painting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 27. Elective II: Modern Indian Painting & Trends: Advent of Modernism with Raja Ravi Varma, Bengal School: Abanindranath Tagore and his disciples, Nandalal Bose and his disciples. Breakthrough in Indian painting: Contribution of Amrita Sher-Gil. Progressive artist group – Bombay, Calcutta Group – Calcutta, Shilpi Chakra – Delhi, Chola mandala – Madras and Baroda School – Baroda. In Indian Art the Major trends of Indigenous since 1970, Contemporary painting and eminent artists: Impressionistic, Expressionistic, Abstraction, Decoration, Neo-Tantric, Figurative and Non-figurative, Surrealistic, Representational and Non-representational painting. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 28. Elective II: Western Painting History (Comprehensive Overview): Prehistoric paintings of France and Spain. Egyptian, Aegean Art, Greece and Roman painting. Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque, Rococo, Neo- Classicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Fauvism & Symbolism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada & Surrealism Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism, Op and Pop Art, Minimal Art & Post Modern Trends, New Media, Installation and Illusory Hyper Realism, etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 29. Elective II: Drawing & Painting Material & Method: Application of Materials, Support in Painting (Canvas, Paper, Wall surface, Panels), Mix media. Oil painting and its technique – Traditional and Non-traditional. Techniques of Wall paintings – Traditional (Fresco Secco and Buono) and Modern. Water color painting, wash technique, pastel and crayon, Acrylic color, color preparation and technical aspect of pigments. Color theory and color harmony. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 30. Elective II: Art Schools & Art Education in India: The introduction of formal training in art through Colonial Art Schools, and the transition from Colonial understanding to Post-Independent art education in the art schools at Chennai, Kolkata, Lahore, Mumbai, Delhi, Lucknow, Jaipur; art promotion and education through art academies; rethinking institutional art education at Santiniketan and Baroda; role of art galleries and museums in art education; increase in curatorial venture as a collaboration between the museum, galleries and practicing artists and historians; role of art journals and magazines in the dialogue between viewing public and the artist. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 31. Elective III: Applied Art (Basics, Terminology & Typographic History): Elements & principles of design; The term ‘Graphic Design’ and William Addison Diggings; Basics of Graphic Design/Applied Art: Image and Text; Developing message to promote product. Terms and terminologies relevant to advertising Industry: Understanding of the ‘Portmanteau’ terms such as, Advertorials, Info graphics, Infomercials, Edutainment etc. Innovations and Movements History of advertising in India and rest of the world; Calligraphy, Advent of moveable types, Typefaces, fronts and families; Architecture and anatomy of letters; Classifications of types and size, Early Typographers and study of traditional hand writing and script like Indian manuscripts, Persian, Chinese, Japanese and Roman etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 32. Elective III: Printing Processes & Influential Design Movements: Development of printing processes in India and rest of the world: letterpress, gravure, silkscreen and Offset etc. Movements that influenced graphic design: Art Nouveau, The Art of War), The ISMs of Art: Futurism, Dada, De Stijl, & Constructivism, Art and Craft movement, Bauhaus movement and new typography, history of graphic design and the nature of advertising history, Illustrated Modernism & Psychedelia, New Wave and Post Modernism, Digital Expressionism & Postscript, The Digital Future. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 33. Elective III: Advertising Forms, Media, Posters & Cultural Frames: Print, outdoor, electronic and new media advertising; Media Options: newspapers and magazines, radio, TV and cinema, posters, Direct Mail, Ambient and Guerrilla advertising, digital and online advertising. Viral Advertising. Boom in Outdoor advertising: billboards and transits, innovative Materials and advantages. Emergence of Poster as a ‘new genre of art’: Study of posters with reference to Poland, Japan, UK and America and Bolshevik Russia. Placards and propagandas, Protest and Wartime posters, Subway culture. Cultural frames of advertising phases: Idolatry, Iconology, Narcissism, and Transition from ‘Totemism’ (the fourth cultural frame) to ‘Mise-en-Scene’ (Fifth Frame); Evolution from Traditional to Industrial to Consumer society & development of communications media. Future of advertising and advertising agencies. Blurring the lines between advertising and entertainment; The impact of Graphic Design with advance technology; Re-defining “Graphic design”; Attributes needed by the modern designers. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 34. Elective III: Design Campaign, Packaging, Printing Processes & Corporate Advertising: Designing of logo, rebus, symbol, mark and corporate identity; stories behind the development of most well-known symbols/identities the world; Brands, rebranding and brand positioning; Precursors and prophets of advertising theories and principles; Designing events –Event Mascots and other global entertainments, films and festivals. Campaign planning and strategy: the client, market research, account planning, creative brief. Developing visuals and messages for print-ads, Direct Mail, posters, outdoor advertising, merchandising, show-windows and supermarket items (Point of sales / Point of Purchase items, dispensers, stands, stalls etc.) Media selection, Approaches& the target audience. Innovations in media. New technologies, TV graphics, multimedia presentation, web-page designing and understanding of rector and vector software; Internet – its use in advertising products and services, net marketing. Prepress, Printing presses, and Post-press: manipulations of pixels and resolutions, colour corrections, knowledge of computer-to-plate graphic reproductions, offset printing, Finishing and Converting. Additive and subtractive colours, four colour printing mechanics, Spot Colours and Lainations, UVs etc. Design of packaging, merchandising and novelties. Origin and growth of advertising agencies: Role and responsibilities of a Graphic designer. Creative core: Creative/Art Director, Visualizer, and Copywriter, interaction in developing concepts. World’s leading Advertising Corporates, Multinationals and Indian scenario: Indian Advertising Agencies with all India branches. Ad-Gurus or remarkable Ad-Men and epoch making advertising campaigns by them. Highest honours, Awards in the advertising creativity and extraordinary contribution. Famous designers of the world on branding and corporate identity design, Film titles. Interdisciplinary participation approach with disciplines of art, collaboration and internship with industries and corporates. Computers and its role in creating new visual effects (Photography, Digital Graphics, Film titles, Multimedia presentations, Image Editing, Web Graphics and types of online Advertising, Web page designing); Importance of market research in advertising. Print media vs. Electronic Media. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 35. Elective IV: Printmaking (Aesthetics, History, Relief & Intaglio Techniques): Understanding of fundamentals of visual art (space, form, size, shape, line, colour, texture, tonal values, perspective, design and aesthetic) in relation to print making. Understanding visual principles of composition (proportion, unity, harmony, rhythm, contrast, balance and emphasis). Reproduction of two dimensional identical prints. Knowledge of history, invention, development and definition of print making (Graphic Art) process, techniques and materials in Asia and Europe. Japanese woodcuts and important masters of Ukiyo-e School and works of masters such as Hokusai, Hiroshige, Utamaro etc. Print making as a mode of creative expression during 19th –20th century from book production to establishing of atelier/workshops, groups, experiments and influences on advertising. Relief techniques (wood-cut and lino-cut); Intaglio techniques (wood and metal engraving, etching – line, aquatint, soft ground, etc., dry-point, mezzotint). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 36. Elective IV: Printmaking (Surface, Stencil, Other Techniques, Materials & Western Masters): Surface printing (planography, offset, oleograph etc.), Stencil and serigraph; Other techniques- colography, chine-collé, monoprint, unique print, viscosity, digital imaging, mix medium etc. Knowledge on use of different kinds of mediums, materials and printing process used in print making (wood, lino, copper, zinc, plywood, stone, acrylic, paper, cardboard, gum, acids, chemicals, ink, resin, software, tools, machine, equipment etc.). Preparation of different types of surface from identification of material to designing till printing. Knowledge of works of master print makers and their contribution in development of printmaking from historic to modern like Durer, Rembrandt, Hogarth, Goya, Gauguin, Degas, Lautrec, Daumier, German expressionists (Kathe Kollwitz, Nolde, Heckel, Grosz, Munch etc.), Picasso, Pop and figurative artists (Rauschenberg, Lichtenstein, Jim Dine), David Hockney, Krishna Reddy, Peter Daglish, Stanley Jones, Paul Lingren, Carol Summers etc. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 37. Elective IV: Indian Printmaking & Contemporary Issues: Development of Printmaking in India, contribution and influence of British during colonial period, establishment of press and schools, popular printmaking in mid-19th century till pre independence. Print making trends in India post independence. Contribution of Indian print makers: Raja Ravi Varma, member of Vichitra club, Mukul Dey, Gangendranath Tagore etc. Santiniketan School, Nandalal Bose, Binode Behari Mukherjee, Ramkinkar, Biswarup Bose, Ramen Chakraborty, Haren Das, Somnath Hore, Chittaprasad, Jyoti Bhatt, Kanwal Krishna, Devyani Krishna, Y.K. Shukla, Vasant Parab, Jagmohan Chopra, Paramjeet Singh, Lalita Lajmi, Naina Dalal, Laxma Goud, R.B. Bhaskaran, R.M. Pallaniappan, Sanat Kar, Lalu Prasad Shaw, Amitabh Banerjee, Debraj Dakoji, Bhupen Khakhar, Waman Chincholkar, Paul Koli, Deepak Banerjee, Jai Zharotia, Prayag Jha, Rini Dhumal, Anupam Sud, Jayant Parikh, Kanchan Chander etc. Good quality prints - criteria (technically and aesthetically), conventions to identify the authenticity of prints – signature, editions, artists proof etc. Display - mounting and preservation of prints. Various issues related to the contemporary printmaking (mechanical production, computer graphics, influences of advertising, atelier, workshops and groups etc.). (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 38. Elective V: Sculpture (Fundamentals, Aesthetics, History & Clay/POP Media): Fundamentals and elements of sculpture; origin and development of imagery in sculpture; classification of sculpture; sculptural form vis-a-vis conceptual reality. Relevance of the study of aesthetics for sculptural practice: the early philosophical ideas in India and the West; the role and function of sculpture in the society. History of sculpture in Western and Oriental traditions; traditional sculptural program as integral part of architectural structures such as churches, temples and secular buildings. Study of form, material, methods, and techniques relevant to sculptural practice; clarity of understanding of terminologies related to the art of sculpture. Study of varied media in sculptural practice: 1. Clay and wax: Preparation of natural clay for sculpture; modelling and casting with clay; terracotta & firing of clay; types of kilns; possibilities in the range of colours and pigments in ceramic works; two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes in clay sculptures; modelling and carving in wax. 2. Plaster of Paris (POP): History, chemical composition and physical nature of POP; advantages and disadvantages of working with POP; accelerating and retarding agents; surface treatment of POP; casting and carving in POP. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 39. Elective V: Sculpture (Wood, Stone & Metal Techniques): 3. Wood: Nature and varieties of wood; carving tools and methods of carving for sculpting in wood; seasoning and preservation of wood; finishing and staining of wood. 4. Stone: Origin of sculpting in stone; tools and equipment, methods and approach relevant to stone carving; treatment and preservation of stone against weathering. 5. Metal: History of metal sculptures; processes involved in the use of metal as medium for sculpture; physical properties and classification of metals as ferrous and non-ferrous, alloy, etc.; bronze as the primary sculptural metal; the Lost-wax method (cire-perdue); indigenous methods including “gravity casting”, “sand casting”, etc.; melting points of metals; surface treatment viz. anodising, oxidation and patination; welding and forging processes for working with metals; preservation of metal sculptures. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts) Chpater 40. Elective V: Sculpture (Assemblage, Installation, Monumental & Key Sculptors): Assemblage and Installation: History & background of mix-media; new hybrid forms of 1960’s and more recent developments; public sculptures; environmental art. Monumental sculpture: Scope, problems, limitations, concept and development; eminent exponents such as D.P. Roychowdhary, Ramkinkar Baij, Prodosh Dasgupta, Sankho Chaudhurai, Piloo Pochkhanawla, Chintamoni Kar, Sarbari Roy Chowdhury, Amarnath Sehgal, Dhanraj Bhagat, Kanayi Kunhiraman, M. Dharmani, Nagji Patel, Balbir Singh Katt. Contemporary Indian Sculptors: Combine indigenous knowledge with new materials and techniques; select individuals – B.C Sanyal, Somnath Hore, K.G. Subramanyan, Biman B. Das, Meera Mukherjee, Raghav Kaneria, Himmat Shah, Latika Katt, Jeram Patel, Ajit Chakraborty, Sushen Ghose, Satish Gujral, Ved Nayar, P.V Janakiram, Shiv Singh, Balan Nambiar, S. Nandgopal, Mahendra Pandya, Rajnikant Panchal, Mrinalini Mukherjee, K.S. Radhakrishnan, S. Nandgopal, Dhruva Mistri, Pritpal Singh Ladi, Anita Dube, Ravindra Reddy, N.N. Rimzon, Pushpamala N., Sudarshan Shetty, Subodh Gupta , Anish Kapoor, etc. Contribution of select modern & contemporary sculptors from the West: Honore Daumier, Auguste Rodin, Camille Claudel, Paul Gauguin, Aristide Maillol, Antoine Bourdelle, Henri Matisse, Ernst Barlach, Constantin Brancusi, Pablo Picasso, Aleksandr Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Lipchitz, Henri Laurens, Umberto Boccioni, Vladimir Tatlin, Naum Gabo, Sophie Tauber, Jean Arp, Max Ernst, Antoine Pevsner, Alexander Calder, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth, David Smith, Louise Bourgeois, Isamu Noguchi, Alberto Giacometti, Cesar, Marino Marini, Lucio Fontana, George Segal, Claes Oldenburg, Anthony Caro, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, Carl Andre, Eva Hesse, Duane Hanson, Judy Chicago, Joel Schapiro, Barry Flanagan, Georg Baselitz, Jimmie Durham, Jeff Koons, Kiki Smith. (in context of UGC NTA NET Exam Subject Visual Arts)
  pahari school: Miniature Paintings and Sculptures on Kṛṣṇa Shanti Lal Nagar, 2003
  pahari school: History of civilizations of Central Asia Adle, Chahryar, UNESCO, 2005-10-03 This major six-volume project, co-published with Macmillan, covers the historical experience of the peoples and societies of the Caribbean region from the earliest times to the present day. The sixth volume brings this series to an end as it takes in the whole of the modern period from colonial conquest and domination to decolonization; the Cold War from start to finish; the disintegration of the Soviet Union; and the renewed instability in certain areas. Not only did the colonial regimes lay a new patina over the region, but nationalism remoulded all old identities into a series of new ones. That process of the twentieth century was perhaps the most transformative of all after the colonial subjugation of the nineteenth. While it has been the basis of remarkable stability in vast stretches of the region, it has been a fertile source of tension and even wars in other parts. The impact and the results of such changes have been astonishingly variable despite the proximity of these states to each other and their being subject to, or driven, by virtually the same compulsions.
  pahari school: Textiles, Costumes, and Ornaments of the Western Himalaya Omacanda Hāṇḍā, 1998 In The Present Study, An Attempt Has Been To Present A Kaleidoscopic View Of The Whole Ethno-Cultural Scenario Of The Western Himalayan Region Through The Traditional Textiles, Costumes And Ornaments Of The People.
  pahari school: Quality of Life in the Himalayan Region L. R. Sharma, 2005 Contributed papers with special reference to Himachal Pradesh, India.
  pahari school: Dance In Indian Painting ,
  pahari school: Oswaal 30 Years' UPSC Topic wise Question Bank | Civil Services Examination Prelims | Previous Years Solved Papers | GS 1 (2024-1995) & CSAT (2024-2011) Papers (For 2025 Exam) by Avadh Ojha Oswaal Editorial Board, 2024-07-17 The UPSC Civil Services Examination is one of the most prestigious and challenging examinations in India. Aspiring candidates must be well-prepared, not only in terms of knowledge but also in their understanding of the examination’s intricacies. With this in mind, Oswaal Books, under the esteemed guidance and supervision of Avadh Ojha sir, a legend in the UPSC preparation industry, presents the thoroughly revised and updated edition of the “30 Years UPSC Topic-Wise Solved Papers” This new edition is more impactful and powerful, thanks to the mentorship of Avadh Ojha sir, whose experience and insights have significantly enhanced the quality and relevance of the content. This book is carefully crafted to help aspirants in their preparation journey. ➡️Key Benefits: ✍ Micro-Level Division: The book is systematically divided into subject-wise and topic-wise sections, allowing aspirants to focus on specific areas of study. 📚 Accurate Mapping : Every question up to the year 2023 is mapped with the UPSC’s official answer keys. This ensures that candidates are not only practicing relevant questions but are also able to compare their answers with the official responses. 📖 Detailed Explanations : Each question is accompanied by a detailed and elaborated explanation. This helps in understanding the underlying concepts and the rationale behind the correct answers, fostering deeper learning and retention. 🔍 Micro Trend Analysis : The book includes a micro trend analysis, which provides insights into the importance of various topics over the years. This analysis helps aspirants prioritize their study plan based on the topics’ frequency and significance in the UPSC exams. 👨‍🏫 Comprehensive Statement Analysis : The explanation of each question’s statement is thorough, considering the importance of every statement in the context of the UPSC exams. We are confident that this edition, with its robust features and the invaluable mentorship of Avadh Ojha sir, will be an indispensable resource for all UPSC aspirants. It is our earnest hope that this book will empower candidates to excel in their preparation and achieve their dreams of serving the nation.
  pahari school: Dogra Legends of Art & Culture Aśoka Jeratha, 1998
  pahari school: 14000+ Chapterwise Questions Objective General Studies for UPSC /Railway/Banking/NDA/CDS/SSC and other competitive Exams Manohar Pandey, 2022-02-28 1. The entire syllabus has been divided into sections 2. Questions covered in the book contains answers side by side 3. Provides Recent Years’ General Studies questions 4. Authentic and detailed solution have been given as per latest pattern 5. Each chapter contains variety of questions designed on the line of syllabus In any competitive examination, the section of General Studies carries major part in fetching the good scores. In order to crack the competition, one is required to have a vigorous preparation of the subject. Bringing you the updated edition of “14000+ Objective Questions on General Studies” that is designed to give you the collection of objective questions which will significantly improve the knowledge of the aspiring students. This Question Bank focuses on Indian History & Culture, India & World Geography (Env. & Eco), Indian Polity, Indian Economy, General Science, Science & Technology, General Knowledge and Current Affairs, and every section is divided into sub sections. As the title name suggests, this book provides more than 14000 questions for complete and proper practice of each subject. With the authentic and detailed answers for question, that helps students to get the insights of the examination pattern. The book is the best preparation material for general studies for UPSC (CSAT), State PCS, CDS, NDA, etc. TOC History & Culture, India & World Geography (Env. & Eco), Indian Polity, Indian Economy, General Science, Science & Technology, General Knowledge and Current Affairs
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