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| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Optics and Photonics , 2012 Optics and photonics technologies are ubiquitous: they are responsible for the displays on smart phones and computing devices, optical fiber that carries the information in the internet, advanced precision manufacturing, enhanced defense capabilities, and a plethora of medical diagnostics tools. The opportunities arising from optics and photonics offer the potential for even greater societal impact in the next few decades, including solar power generation and new efficient lighting that could transform the nation's energy landscape and new optical capabilities that will be essential to support the continued exponential growth of the Internet. As described in the National Research Council report Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation, it is critical for the United States to take advantage of these emerging optical technologies for creating new industries and generating job growth. The report assesses the current state of optical science and engineering in the United States and abroad--including market trends, workforce needs, and the impact of photonics on the national economy. It identifies the technological opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in, and applications of, optical science and engineering. The report also calls for improved management of U.S. public and private research and development resources, emphasizing the need for public policy that encourages adoption of a portfolio approach to investing in the wide and diverse opportunities now available within photonics. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation is a useful overview not only for policymakers, such as decision-makers at relevant Federal agencies on the current state of optics and photonics research and applications but also for individuals seeking a broad understanding of the fields of optics and photonics in many arenas. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Optics and Photonics National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Materials and Manufacturing Board, Committee on Harnessing Light: Capitalizing on Optical Science Trends and Challenges for Future Research, 2013-03-19 Optics and photonics technologies are ubiquitous: they are responsible for the displays on smart phones and computing devices, optical fiber that carries the information in the internet, advanced precision manufacturing, enhanced defense capabilities, and a plethora of medical diagnostics tools. The opportunities arising from optics and photonics offer the potential for even greater societal impact in the next few decades, including solar power generation and new efficient lighting that could transform the nation's energy landscape and new optical capabilities that will be essential to support the continued exponential growth of the Internet. As described in the National Research Council report Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation, it is critical for the United States to take advantage of these emerging optical technologies for creating new industries and generating job growth. The report assesses the current state of optical science and engineering in the United States and abroad-including market trends, workforce needs, and the impact of photonics on the national economy. It identifies the technological opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in, and applications of, optical science and engineering. The report also calls for improved management of U.S. public and private research and development resources, emphasizing the need for public policy that encourages adoption of a portfolio approach to investing in the wide and diverse opportunities now available within photonics. Optics and Photonics: Essential Technologies for our Nation is a useful overview not only for policymakers, such as decision-makers at relevant Federal agencies on the current state of optics and photonics research and applications but also for individuals seeking a broad understanding of the fields of optics and photonics in many arenas. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Information Optics and Photonics Thierry Fournel, Bahram Javidi, 2010-11-01 This book will address the advances, applications, research results, and emerging areas of optics, photonics, computational approaches, nano-photonics, bio-photonics, with applications in information systems. The objectives are to bring together novel approaches, analysis, models, and technologies that enhance sensing, measurement, processing, interpretation, and visualization of information. The book will concentrate on new approaches to information systems, including integration of computational algorithms, bio-inspired models, photonics technologies, information security, bio-photonics, and nano-photonics. Applications include bio-photonics, digitally enhanced sensing and imaging systems, multi-dimensional optical imaging and image processing, bio-inspired imaging, 3D visualization, 3D displays, imaging on nano-scale, quantum optics, super resolution imaging, photonics for biological applications, microscopy, information optics, and holographic information systems. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Optics in Our Time Mohammad D. Al-Amri, Mohamed El-Gomati, M. Suhail Zubairy, 2016-12-12 Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Harnessing Light National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, Committee on Optical Science and Engineering, 1998-09-25 Optical science and engineering affect almost every aspect of our lives. Millions of miles of optical fiber carry voice and data signals around the world. Lasers are used in surgery of the retina, kidneys, and heart. New high-efficiency light sources promise dramatic reductions in electricity consumption. Night-vision equipment and satellite surveillance are changing how wars are fought. Industry uses optical methods in everything from the production of computer chips to the construction of tunnels. Harnessing Light surveys this multitude of applications, as well as the status of the optics industry and of research and education in optics, and identifies actions that could enhance the field's contributions to society and facilitate its continued technical development. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides Katsunari Okamoto, 2010-08-04 Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides is an essential resource for any researcher, professional or student involved in optics and communications engineering. Any reader interested in designing or actively working with optical devices must have a firm grasp of the principles of lightwave propagation. Katsunari Okamoto has presented this difficult technology clearly and concisely with several illustrations and equations. Optical theory encompassed in this reference includes coupled mode theory, nonlinear optical effects, finite element method, beam propagation method, staircase concatenation method, along with several central theorems and formulas. Since the publication of the well-received first edition of this book, planar lightwave circuits and photonic crystal fibers have fully matured. With this second edition the advances of these fibers along with other improvements on existing optical technologies are completely detailed. This comprehensive volume enables readers to fully analyze, design and simulate optical atmospheres. - Exceptional new chapter on Arrayed-Waveguide Grating (AWG) - In-depth discussion of Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) - Thorough explanation of Multimode Interference Devices (MMI) - Full coverage of polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Laser Radar National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Review of Advancements in Active Electro-Optical Systems to Avoid Technological Surprise Adverse to U.S. National Security, 2014-03-14 In today's world, the range of technologies with the potential to threaten the security of U.S. military forces is extremely broad. These include developments in explosive materials, sensors, control systems, robotics, satellite systems, and computing power, to name just a few. Such technologies have not only enhanced the capabilities of U.S. military forces, but also offer enhanced offensive capabilities to potential adversaries - either directly through the development of more sophisticated weapons, or more indirectly through opportunities for interrupting the function of defensive U.S. military systems. Passive and active electro-optical (EO) sensing technologies are prime examples. Laser Radar considers the potential of active EO technologies to create surprise; i.e., systems that use a source of visible or infrared light to interrogate a target in combination with sensitive detectors and processors to analyze the returned light. The addition of an interrogating light source to the system adds rich new phenomenologies that enable new capabilities to be explored. This report evaluates the fundamental, physical limits to active EO sensor technologies with potential military utility; identifies key technologies that may help overcome the impediments within a 5-10 year timeframe; considers the pros and cons of implementing each existing or emerging technology; and evaluates the potential uses of active EO sensing technologies, including 3D mapping and multi-discriminate laser radar technologies. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Discovering Light Sara Aissati, 2021-09-30 What is light? Where are optics and photonics present in our lives and in nature? What lies behind different optical phenomena? What is an optical instrument? How does the eye resemble an optical instrument? How can we explain human vision? This book, written by a group of young scientists, answers these questions and many more. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Committee on Opportunities in the Science, Applications, and Technology of Intense Ultrafast Lasers, 2018-03-03 The laser has revolutionized many areas of science and society, providing bright and versatile light sources that transform the ways we investigate science and enables trillions of dollars of commerce. Now a second laser revolution is underway with pulsed petawatt-class lasers (1 petawatt: 1 million billion watts) that deliver nearly 100 times the total world's power concentrated into a pulse that lasts less than one-trillionth of a second. Such light sources create unique, extreme laboratory conditions that can accelerate and collide intense beams of elementary particles, drive nuclear reactions, heat matter to conditions found in stars, or even create matter out of the empty vacuum. These powerful lasers came largely from U.S. engineering, and the science and technology opportunities they enable were discussed in several previous National Academies' reports. Based on these advances, the principal research funding agencies in Europe and Asia began in the last decade to invest heavily in new facilities that will employ these high-intensity lasers for fundamental and applied science. No similar programs exist in the United States. Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers assesses the opportunities and recommends a path forward for possible U.S. investments in this area of science. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Applications of Photonic Technology 2 George A. Lampropoulos, Roger A. Lessard, 2013-11-11 This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications. The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the Inter national Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal, Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was Closing the Gap Between Theory, Developments and Applications. The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing sci entific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic tech nology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photon ics present their latest results. The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic tech nology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this technology. The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineer ing. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entre preneurial viewpoint. Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e. g. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering (Print) - Five Volume Set Craig Hoffman, Ronald Driggers, 2015-09-22 The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering provided a valuable reference concerning devices or systems that generate, transmit, measure, or detect light, and to a lesser degree, the basic interaction of light and matter. This Second Edition not only reflects the changes in optical and photonic engineering that have occurred since the first edition was published, but also: Boasts a wealth of new material, expanding the encyclopedia’s length by 25 percent Contains extensive updates, with significant revisions made throughout the text Features contributions from engineers and scientists leading the fields of optics and photonics today With the addition of a second editor, the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering, Second Edition offers a balanced and up-to-date look at the fundamentals of a diverse portfolio of technologies and discoveries in areas ranging from x-ray optics to photon entanglement and beyond. This edition’s release corresponds nicely with the United Nations General Assembly’s declaration of 2015 as the International Year of Light, working in tandem to raise awareness about light’s important role in the modern world. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.com International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Photodetectors , 2015-10-24 Photodetectors: Materials, Devices and Applications discusses the devices that convert light to electrical signals, key components in communication, computation, and imaging systems. In recent years, there has been significant improvement in photodetector performance, and this important book reviews some of the key advances in the field. Part one covers materials, detector types, and devices, and includes discussion of silicon photonics, detectors based on reduced dimensional charge systems, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanowires, low-temperature grown gallium arsenide, plasmonic, Si photomultiplier tubes, and organic photodetectors, while part two focuses on important applications of photodetectors, including microwave photonics, communications, high-speed single photon detection, THz detection, resonant cavity enhanced photodetection, photo-capacitors and imaging. Reviews materials, detector types and devices Addresses fabrication techniques, and the advantages and limitations and different types of photodetector Considers a range of application for this important technology Includes discussions of silicon photonics, detectors based on reduced dimensional charge systems, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanowires, and more |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Fiber Optics Handbook: Fiber, Devices, and Systems for Optical Communications Optical Society of America, 2001-10-09 Fiber optics is the hottest topic in communications and this book from the world's leading experts clearly lays out all the details of optical communications engineering * Essential technical guide and solutions kit for the super-fast, super-broad fiber systems and devices powering the fastest-growing communications infrastructure * Methods for generating above peak performance * Clear explanations and answers to tough challenges for WDM, DWDM, amplifiers, solitons, and other key technologies |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Understanding Lasers Jeff Hecht, 2018-11-27 The expanded fourth edition of the book that offers an essential introduction to laser technology and the newest developments in the field The revised and updated fourth edition of Understanding Lasers offers an essential guide and introduction that explores how lasers work, what they do, and how they are applied in the real world. The author—a Fellow of The Optical Society—reviews the key concepts of physics and optics that are essential for understanding lasers and explains how lasers operate. The book also contains information on the optical accessories used with lasers. Written in non-technical terms, the book gives an overview of the wide-variety laser types and configurations. Understanding Lasers covers fiber, solid-state, excimer, helium-neon, carbon dioxide, free-electron lasers, and more. In addition, the book also explains concepts such as the difference between laser oscillation and amplification, the importance of laser gain, and tunable lasers. The updated fourth edition highlights the most recent research and development in the field. This important resource: Includes a new chapter on fiber lasers and amplifiers Reviews new topics on physics of optical fibers and fiber lasers, disk lasers, and Ytterbium lasers Contains new sections on Laser Geometry and Implications, Diode Laser Structures, Optimal Parametric Sources, and 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Puts the focus on research and emerging developments in areas such as spectroscopy, slow light, laser cooling, and extremely precise measurements Contains appendices, glossary, and index that help make this book a useful reference Written for engineering and physics students, engineers, scientists, and technicians, the fourth edition of Understanding Lasers contains the basic concepts of lasers and the most recent advances in the technology. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Examining Federal Advanced Manufacturing Programs United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Research and Technology, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011- ). Subcommittee on Research and Technology, 2013 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: The Role of Manufacturing Hubs in a 21st Century Innovation Economy United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 2015 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: The Future of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observing, Understanding, and Modeling National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, 2019-01-03 Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and its interactions with the ocean, land, and ice surfaces have great potential to advance science on a number of fronts, from improving forecasts of severe storms and air quality to constraining estimates of trace gas emissions and transport. Understanding the BL is a crucial component of model advancements, and increased societal demands for extended weather impact forecasts (from hours to months and beyond) highlight the need to advance Earth system modeling and prediction. New observing technologies and approaches (including in situ and ground-based, airborne, and satellite remote sensing) have the potential to radically increase the density of observations and allow new types of variables to be measured within the BL, which will have broad scientific and societal benefits. In October 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the future of BL observations and their role in improving modeling and forecasting capabilities. Workshop participants discussed the science and applications drivers for BL observation, emerging technology to improve observation capabilities, and strategies for the future. This publication summarizes presentations and discussions from the workshop. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Nanophotonics and Plasmonics Dr. Ching Eng (Jason) Png, Dr. Yuriy Akimov, 2017-08-21 This book provides a first integrated view of nanophotonics and plasmonics, covering the use of dielectric, semiconductor, and metal nanostructures to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. The presentation highlights similarities and advantages, and shows the common underlying physics, targets, and methodologies used for different materials (optically transparent materials for nanophotonics, vs opaque materials for plasmonics). Ultimately, the goal is to provide a basis for developing a unified platform for both fields. In addition to the fundamentals and detailed theoretical background, the book showcases the main device applications. Ching Eng (Jason) Png is Director of the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. Yuriy A. Akimov is a scientist in the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Communication in Instruction Deanna D. Sellnow, Timothy L. Sellnow, 2021-06-15 Communication in Instruction: Beyond Traditional Classroom Settings explores the various challenges we face when trying to teach others in various contexts beyond traditional classroom settings, as well as the possible strategies for overcoming them. Instructional communication is a research field that focuses on the role communication plays in instructing others. Although many resources focus on effectively instructional communication strategies within a traditional classroom setting, this book expands the scope to include diverse settings where instructional communication also occurs (e.g., risk and crisis situations, health care contexts, business settings), as well as new directions where instructional communication research and practice are (or ought to be) headed. Whether we are trying to teach a youngster to ride a bike, to help a friend evaluate the claims made on an advertisement, or to conduct a safety drill with colleagues in the workplace, we are engaging in instructional communication. If we want to do so effectively, however, we need to equip ourselves with best practice tools and strategies for doing so. That is what this book is intended to do. In it, you will read about how to teach advocacy to health care practitioners, guide others to become socialised in a new workplace setting, employ strategies for teaching digital media literacy to nondigital natives, and use artificial intelligence (AI) and robots when instructing and engaging strategies for instruction around socially relevant issues such as religion, politics, and violence. Together, they point to some of the ways instructional communication scholarship may be used to explore and inform best practices across communication contexts. The chapters in this book were originally published in Communication Education. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Handbook of Optoelectronics John P. Dakin, Robert G. W. Brown, 2017-10-05 Handbook of Optoelectronics offers a self-contained reference from the basic science and light sources to devices and modern applications across the entire spectrum of disciplines utilizing optoelectronic technologies. This second edition gives a complete update of the original work with a focus on systems and applications. Volume I covers the details of optoelectronic devices and techniques including semiconductor lasers, optical detectors and receivers, optical fiber devices, modulators, amplifiers, integrated optics, LEDs, and engineered optical materials with brand new chapters on silicon photonics, nanophotonics, and graphene optoelectronics. Volume II addresses the underlying system technologies enabling state-of-the-art communications, imaging, displays, sensing, data processing, energy conversion, and actuation. Volume III is brand new to this edition, focusing on applications in infrastructure, transport, security, surveillance, environmental monitoring, military, industrial, oil and gas, energy generation and distribution, medicine, and free space. No other resource in the field comes close to its breadth and depth, with contributions from leading industrial and academic institutions around the world. Whether used as a reference, research tool, or broad-based introduction to the field, the Handbook offers everything you need to get started. John P. Dakin, PhD, is professor (emeritus) at the Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, UK. Robert G. W. Brown, PhD, is chief executive officer of the American Institute of Physics and an adjunct full professor in the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic at the University of California, Irvine. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Quantum Photonics: Pioneering Advances and Emerging Applications Robert W. Boyd, Svetlana G. Lukishova, Victor N. Zadkov, 2019-02-19 This book brings together reviews by internationally renowed experts on quantum optics and photonics. It describes novel experiments at the limit of single photons, and presents advances in this emerging research area. It also includes reprints and historical descriptions of some of the first pioneering experiments at a single-photon level and nonlinear optics, performed before the inception of lasers and modern light detectors, often with the human eye serving as a single-photon detector. The book comprises 19 chapters, 10 of which describe modern quantum photonics results, including single-photon sources, direct measurement of the photon's spatial wave function, nonlinear interactions and non-classical light, nanophotonics for room-temperature single-photon sources, time-multiplexed methods for optical quantum information processing, the role of photon statistics in visual perception, light-by-light coherent control using metamaterials, nonlinear nanoplasmonics, nonlinear polarization optics, and ultrafast nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Laser and Photonic Systems Shimon Y. Nof, Andrew M. Weiner, Gary J. Cheng, 2014-05-12 New, significant scientific discoveries in laser and photonic technologies, systems perspectives, and integrated design approaches can improve even further the impact in critical areas of challenge. Yet this knowledge is dispersed across several disciplines and research arenas. Laser and Photonic Systems: Design and Integration brings together a multidisciplinary group of experts to increase understanding of the ways in which systems perspectives may influence laser and photonic innovations and application integration. By bringing together chapters from leading scientists and technologists, industrial and systems engineers, and managers, the book stimulates new thinking that would bring a systems, network, and system-of-systems perspective to bear on laser and photonic systems applications. The chapters challenge you to explore opportunities for revolutionary and broader advancements. The authors emphasize the identification of emerging research and application frontiers where there are promising contributions to lasers, optics, and photonics applications in fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, security, and communications. The book contains insights from leading researchers, inventors, implementers, and innovators. It explains a variety of techniques, models, and technologies proven to work with laser and photonic systems, their development, design, and integration. Such systems are of growing interest to many organizations, given their promise and potential solutions of grand societal challenges. Lastly, the book helps you leverage the knowledge into exciting new frontiers of successful solutions. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Advances in Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Related Computational Methods Christian Huck, Krzysztof B. Bec, 2020-01-03 In the last few decades, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has distinguished itself as one of the most rapidly advancing spectroscopic techniques. Mainly known as an analytical tool useful for sample characterization and content quantification, NIR spectroscopy is essential in various other fields, e.g. NIR imaging techniques in biophotonics, medical applications or used for characterization of food products. Its contribution in basic science and physical chemistry should be noted as well, e.g. in exploration of the nature of molecular vibrations or intermolecular interactions. One of the current development trends involves the miniaturization and simplification of instrumentation, creating prospects for the spread of NIR spectrometers at a consumer level in the form of smartphone attachments—a breakthrough not yet accomplished by any other analytical technique. A growing diversity in the related methods and applications has led to a dispersion of these contributions among disparate scientific communities. The aim of this Special Issue was to bring together the communities that may perceive NIR spectroscopy from different perspectives. It resulted in 30 contributions presenting the latest advances in the methodologies essential in near-infrared spectroscopy in a variety of applications. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Fiscal Therapy William G. Gale, 2019-03-01 Keeping the economy strong will require addressing two distinct but related problems. Steadily rising federal debt makes it harder to grow our economy, boost our living standards, respond to wars or recessions, address social needs, and maintain our role as a global leader. At the same time, we have let critical investments lag and left many people behind even as overall prosperity has grown. In Fiscal Therapy, William Gale, a leading authority on how federal tax and budget policy affects the economy, provides a trenchant discussion of the challenges posed by the imbalances between spending and revenue. America is facing a gradual decline as debt accumulates and delay raises the costs of action. But there is hope: fiscal responsibility aligns with both conservative and liberal goals and citizens of all stripes can support the notion of making life better for our children and grandchildren. Gale provides a plan to make the economy and nation stronger, one that controls entitlement spending but preserves and enhances their anti-poverty and social insurance roles, increases public investments on human and physical capital, and raises and reforms taxes to pay for government services in a fair and efficient way. What is needed, he argues, is to balance today's needs against tomorrow's obligations. We face significant fiscal challenges but, if we are wise enough to seize our opportunities, we can strengthen our economy, increase opportunity, reduce inequality, and build better lives for our children and grandchildren. We do not have to kill popular programs or starve government. Indeed, one main goal of fiscal reform is to maintain the vital functions that government provides. We need to act responsibly, pay for the government we want, and shape that government in ways that serve us best. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Understanding Optics with Python Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Hassen Ghalila, Ahmed Ammar, L. Srinivasa Varadharajan, 2018-02-19 Optics is an enabling science that forms a basis for our technological civilization. Courses in optics are a required part of the engineering or physics undergraduate curriculum in many universities worldwide. The aim of Understanding Optics with Python is twofold: first, to describe certain basic ideas of classical physical and geometric optics; second, to introduce the reader to computer simulations of physical phenomena. The text is aimed more broadly for those who wish to use numerical/computational modeling as an educational tool that promotes interactive teaching (and learning). In addition, it offers an alternative to developing countries where the necessary equipment to carry out the appropriate experiments is not available as a result of financial constraints. This approach contributes to a better diffusion of knowledge about optics. The examples given in this book are comparable to those found in standard textbooks on optics and are suitable for self-study. This text enables the user to study and understand optics using hands-on simulations with Python. Python is our programming language of choice because of its open-source availability, extensive functionality, and an enormous online support. Essentials of programming in Python 3.x, including graphical user interface, are also provided. The codes in the book are available for download on the book’s website. Discusses most standard topics of traditional physical and geometrical optics through Python and PyQt5 Provides visualizations and in-depth descriptions of Python’s programming language and simulations Includes simulated laboratories where students are provided a hands-on exploration of Python software Coding and programming featured within the text are available for download on the book’s corresponding website. Understanding Optics with Python by Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Hassen Ghalila, Ahmed Ammar, and L. Srinivasa Varadharajan is born around a nice idea: using simulations to provide the students with a powerful tool to understand and master optical phenomena. The choice of the Python language is perfectly matched with the overall goal of the book, as the Python language provides a completely free and easy-to-learn platform with huge cross-platform compatibility, where the reader of the book can conduct his or her own numerical experiments to learn faster and better. — Costantino De Angelis, University of Brescia, Italy Teaching an important programming language like Python through concrete examples from optics is a natural and, in my view, very effective approach. I believe that this book will be used by students and appreciated greatly by instructors. The topic of modelling optical effects and systems where the students should already have a physical background provides great motivation for students to learn the basics of a powerful programming language without the intimidation factor that often goes with a formal computer science course. — John Dudley, FEMTO-ST Institute, Besançon, France |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Bioinspired Photonics Viktoria Greanya, 2015-07-01 Harness the Wonders of the Natural World As our in-depth knowledge of biological systems increases, the number of devices and applications built from these principles is rapidly growing. Bioinspired Photonics: Optical Structures and Systems Inspired by Nature provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the captivating and diverse photonic systems seen in nature and explores how we take inspiration from them to create new photonic materials and devices. See How Photonic Systems in Nature Work The book presents important examples of how combining biological inspiration with state-of-the-art nanoscience is resulting in the emergence of a field focused on developing real improvements in materials and devices. The author walks readers through examples taken from nature, delves into their characterization and performance, and describes the unique features of their performance. She interweaves this material with discussions on fabricating synthetic versions of the systems as well as specific aspects of the biological examples that researchers are leveraging in their own work. Replicate and Take Inspiration from These Systems for Fabrication and Application Suitable for a multidisciplinary audience of scientists, technologists, students, and lay people, this book covers a wide range of topics encompassed by bioinspired photonics in an easy-to-follow way. Newcomers to the field will acquire the minimum background necessary to begin exploring this fascinating subject while experts will discover state-of-the-art approaches to biomimetic and bioinspired photonic systems. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, 2014 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, May 13, 2014, 113-2 House Report 113-446 , 2014 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Causal Physics Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri, 2018-09-03 Causal Physics: Photons by Non Interactions of Waves redefines the mathematical Superposition Principle as an operational Superposition Effect; which is the measurable physical transformation experienced by a detector due to stimulations induced by multiple waves simultaneously acting on the detecting dipoles. This light-matter interaction process driven model emerges naturally by incorporating the observed properties, Non-Interaction of Waves (NIW) and quantized photo detectors needing to fill up their quantum-cups with the required quantity of energy from all the stimulating waves around it. By not incorporating this NIW-property explicitly, quantum mechanics failed to extract various embedded realities in the theory while incorporated unnecessary hypotheses like wave-particle duality. The book utilizes this NIW-property to explain all the major optical phenomena (diffraction, spectrometry, coherence.) without using any self-contradictory hypotheses that are prevalent now. The book redefines the old ether (constituting the space) as a stationary Complex Tension Field (CTF), holding all the energy of the universe (no need for Dark Energy of Dark Matter). CTF sustains perpetually propagating EM waves as its linear excitations and the particles as self-looped localized resonant non-linear excitations. Tensions are identified by Maxwell, then the velocities of emitting and detecting atoms through the CTF contribute to the Doppler shifts separately. This calls for re-visiting physical processes behind Hubble Redshift and hence Expanding Universe. The success of the book derives from a novel thinking strategy of visualizing the invisible interaction processes, named as Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology (IPM-E). This is over and above the prevailing strategy of Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology (MDM-E). The approach inspires the next generation of physicists to recognizing that the foundation of the edifice of physics has not yet been finalized. IPM-E will stimulate more of us to become technology innovators by learning to emulate the ontologically real physical processes in nature and become more evolution congruent. Critical thinkers without expertise in optical science and engineering, will appreciate the value of the content by reading the book backward, starting from Ch.12; which explains the critical thinking methodology besides giving a very brief summary of the contents in the previous chapters. Establishes that abandoning the wave-particle-duality actually allows us to extract more realities out of quantum mechanics. Illustrates how the discovery of the NIW-property profoundly impacts several branches of fundamental physics, including Doppler effect and hence the cosmological red shift Summarizes that many ad hoc hypotheses from physics can be removed, a la Occam’s razor, while improving the reality and comprehension of some of the current working theories Demonstrates that our persistent attempts to restore causality in physical theories will be guided by our capability to visualize the invisible light matter interaction processes that are behind the emergence of all measurable data Draws close attention to the invisible but ontological interaction processes behind various optical phenomena so we can emulate them more efficiently and knowledgably in spite of limitations of our theories Designed as a reference book for general physics and philosophy, this optical science and engineering book is an ideal resource for optical engineers, physicists, and those working with modern optical equipment and high precision instrumentation. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Manipulating Quantum Systems National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Committee on Decadal Assessment and Outlook Report on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science, 2020-10-14 The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Materials and Manufacturing Board, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee to Develop a Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials, 2013-12-25 Despite the increase in funding for research and the rising numbers of peer-reviewed publications over the past decade that address the environmental, health, and safety aspects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), uncertainty about the implications of potential exposures of consumers, workers, and ecosystems to these materials persists. Consumers and workers want to know which of these materials they are exposed to and whether the materials can harm them. Industry is concerned about being able to predict with sufficient certainty whether products that it makes and markets will pose any environmental, health or safety issues and what measures should be taken regarding manufacturing practices and worldwide distribution to minimize any potential risk. However, there remains a disconnect between the research that is being carried out and its relevance to and use by decision-makers and regulators to make informed public health and environmental policy and regulatory decisions. Research Progress on Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Nanomaterials evaluates research progress and updates research priorities and resource estimates on the basis of results of studies and emerging trends in the nanotechnology industry. This report follows up the 2012 report A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials, which presented a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential environmental, health, and safety risks posed by ENMs. This new report looks at the state of nanotechnology research, examines market and regulatory conditions and their affect on research priorities, and considers the criteria for evaluating research progress on the environmental, health, and safety aspects of nanotechnology. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Howard F. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services, 2014 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Caustic Light in Nonlinear Photonic Media Alessandro Zannotti, 2020-09-26 Caustics are natural phenomena, forming light patterns in rainbows or through drinking glasses, and creating light networks at the bottom of swimming pools. Only in recent years have scientists started to artificially create simple caustics with laser light. However, these realizations have already contributed to progress in advanced imaging, lithography, and micro-manipulation. In this book, Alessandro Zannotti pioneers caustics in many ways, establishing the field of artificial caustic optics. He employs caustic design to customize high-intensity laser light. This is of great relevance for laser-based machining, sensing, microscopy, and secure communication. The author also solves a long standing problem concerning the origin of rogue waves which appear naturally in the sea and can have disastrous consequences. By means of a far-reaching optical analogy, he identifies scattering of caustics in random media as the origin of rogue waves, and shows how nonlinear light-matter interaction increases their probability. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Digital Optical Measurement Techniques and Applications Pramod Rastogi, 2015-05-01 This new resource explains the principles and applications of today’s digital optical measurement techniques. From start to finish, each chapter provides a concise introduction to the concepts and principles of digital optical metrology, followed by a detailed presentation of their applications. The development of all these topics, including their numerous methods, principles, and applications, has been illustrated using a large number of easy-to-understand figures. This book aims to not only help the reader identify the appropriate techniques in function of the measurement requirements, but also assess modern digital measurement systems. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2014 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, 2013 |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Materials Research for Manufacturing Lynnette D Madsen, Erik B Svedberg, 2016-01-14 This book is about applied materials research in industry. It presents various important topics and challenges and gives guidance to materials researchers who move to industry. The book focuses on the materials manufacturing issues for industrial application. It deals with developments and challenges in traditional materials areas, such as metals and ceramics, and new opportunities that have risen from nanotechnology and additive manufacturing. The chapters, written by senior people from large companies, include successful manufacturing undertakings, several distinct and unresolved manufacturing challenges, with the focus on approaches, timelines and the skills needed for future company research and development. The book provides a cross-section of current and future approaches valuable for new employees and academics working in industry. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Optical Fiber Sensors Ginu Rajan, 2017-12-19 Optical Fiber Sensors: Advanced Techniques and Applications describes the physical principles of, and latest developments in, optical fiber sensors. Providing a fundamental understanding of the design, operation, and practical applications of fiber optic sensing systems, this book: Discusses new and emerging areas of research including photonic crystal fiber sensors, micro- and nanofiber sensing, liquid crystal photonics, acousto-optic effects in fiber, and fiber laser-based sensing Covers well-established areas such as surface plasmon resonance sensors, interferometric fiber sensors, polymer fiber sensors, Bragg gratings in polymer and silica fibers, and distributed fiber sensors Explores humidity sensing applications, smart structure applications, and medical applications, supplying detailed examples of the various fiber optic sensing technologies in use Optical Fiber Sensors: Advanced Techniques and Applications draws upon the extensive academic and industrial experience of its contributing authors to deliver a comprehensive introduction to optical fiber sensors with a strong practical focus suitable for undergraduate and graduate students as well as scientists and engineers working in the field. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: The Great Transition: Shifting from Fossil Fuels to Solar and Wind Energy Lester R. Brown, 2015-04-20 The great energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy is under way. As oil insecurity deepens, the extraction risks of fossil fuels rise, and concerns about climate instability cast a shadow over the future of coal, a new world energy economy is emerging. The old economy, fueled by oil, natural gas, and coal is being replaced with one powered by wind, solar, and geothermal energy. The Great Transition details the accelerating pace of this global energy revolution. As many countries become less enamored with coal and nuclear power, they are embracing an array of clean, renewable energies. Whereas solar energy projects were once small-scale, largely designed for residential use, energy investors are now building utility-scale solar projects. Strides are being made: some of the huge wind farm complexes under construction in China will each produce as much electricity as several nuclear power plants, and an electrified transport system supplemented by the use of bicycles could reshape the way we think about mobility. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Lévy Statistics and Spin Glass Behavior in Random Lasers Anderson S. L. Gomes, André L. Moura, Cid B. de Araújo, Ernesto P. Raposo, 2023-02-10 This book could not have been timelier. It describes a multidisciplinary experimental work reported in the literature from 2015 to 2022, supported by a theoretical proposal from 2006, exploiting random lasers and random fiber lasers as a photonic platform to perform statistical physics, as Lévy-like statistics and extreme events, as well as complex systems, including turbulence, replica symmetry breaking (RSB) and Floquet states. Most of the theoretical grounds for these subjects date back to the 1970s. Of particular relevance for the timing for this book is the fact that two of the Nobel Prize winners of 2021 have their work connected through the experimental and theoretical work exploiting random lasers. In fact, the very first demonstration of RSB, a theory proposed by Giorgio Parisi, one of the 2021 Nobel winners, was first experimentally demonstrated in 2015 using random lasers. The scope of the book relies on the description of the already vast literature starting in 2006, but with an experimental explosion since 2015. The book describes the basis of random lasers and random fibers, theoretical background and connection between magnetism and photonics related to RSB, and theoretical backgrounds for experiments in Lévy statistics, turbulence, and Floquet states. The contributors are from three of the groups with most contributions in the field. |
| optics and photonics essential technologies for our nation: Between Science And Industry: Institutions In The History Of Materials Research Robert P Crease, 2024-04-22 Materials science institutions have always been crucial to the development of materials research. Even before materials science emerged as a discipline in the 20th century, these institutions existed in various forms. They provided specialized facilities for research, educated new generations of researchers, drafted policies and funded programs, enabled valuable connections between research groups, or played any other role which were needed to further the progress of materials science.This volume, the third in a series of volumes covering the development and history of materials science, presents illuminating perspectives on material science institutions. Twenty chapters are organized into six comprehensive parts of which each cover a characteristic aspect or historical feature. True to the topic they write about, the contributors to this volume have varied backgrounds. Some are materials scientists and engineers, but others are historians, philosophers of science, sociologists, or even directors of institutions themselves. This comprehensive, unified collection is a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, academics, policymakers and professionals who are actively interested in materials science and its development from the past to the future. |
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Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [1] . Optics …
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May 3, 2025 · Learn about researchers' attempts to create invisibility. optics, science concerned with the genesis and propagation of light, the changes that it undergoes and produces, and …
OPTICS Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of OPTICS is a science that deals with the genesis and propagation of light, the changes that it undergoes and produces, and other phenomena closely associated with it. …
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Oct 30, 2022 · Supplemental Modules (Components) Lenses; Mirrors; Geometric Optics (Tatum) This “book” is not intended to be a vast, definitive treatment of everything that is known about …
