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| normative question example: Developing Research Questions Patrick White, 2017-09-06 This no fuss, compact guide steers social science students of all levels through the complex process of conducting a research project. It explains how to break down initial ideas and broad topics into manageable questions and gives detailed guidance on how to refine these as the project progresses. With a wide range of international examples and reflective exercises, it is packed with handy tips and examples that show how to avoid common mistakes and pitfalls, and ensure that hypotheses and questions are linked with research design, methods and answers at every step. Taking readers from the start through to the final stage of answering their questions and drawing conclusions, this is an indispensable resource for research methods courses. In addition, it is highly recommended for all students undertaking an independent research project or thesis at undergraduate, postgraduate or PhD level and beyond. New to this Edition: - Includes a wider range of international examples to appeal to a global audience - More visual devices are used to summarise and illustrate the processes involved in developing research questions - Reflective exercises help students apply their knowledge and consider the issues - Increased coverage of the role of the literature review in generating and refining research questions |
| normative question example: The Phenomenology of Moral Normativity William Smith, 2013-02-28 Why should I be moral? Philosophers have long been concerned with the legitimacy of morality’s claim on us—especially its ostensible aim to motivate certain actions of all persons unconditionally. This problem of moral normativity has received extensive treatment in analytic moral theory, but little attention has been paid to the potential contribution that phenomenology might make to this central debate in metaethics. In The Phenomenology of Moral Normativity, William H. Smith takes up the question of morality’s legitimacy anew, drawing contemporary moral philosophers into conversation with the phenomenological philosophy of Husserl, Heidegger, and Levinas. Utilizing a two-part account of moral normativity, Smith contends that the ground of morality itself is second-personal—rooted in the ethical demand intrinsic to other persons —while the ground for particular moral-obligations is first-personal—rooted in the subject’s avowal or endorsement of certain moral norms within a concrete historical situation. Thus, Smith argues, phenomenological analysis allows us to make sense of an idea that has long held intuitive appeal, but that modern moral philosophy has been unable to render satisfactorily: namely, that the normative source of valid moral claims is simply other persons and what we owe to them. |
| normative question example: Choosing Normative Concepts Matti Eklund, 2017 The concepts we use to value and prescribe (concepts like good, right, ought) are historically contingent, and we could have found ourselves with others. But what does it mean to say that some concepts are better than others for purposes of action-guiding and deliberation? What is it to choose between different normative conceptual frameworks? |
| normative question example: The Sources of Normativity Christine M. Korsgaard, 1996-06-28 Ethical concepts are, or purport to be, normative. They make claims on us: they command, oblige, recommend, or guide. Or at least when we invoke them, we make claims on one another; but where does their authority over us - or ours over one another - come from? Christine Korsgaard identifies four accounts of the source of normativity that have been advocated by modern moral philosophers: voluntarism, realism, reflective endorsement, and the appeal to autonomy. She traces their history, showing how each developed in response to the prior one and comparing their early versions with those on the contemporary philosophical scene. Kant's theory that normativity springs from our own autonomy emerges as a synthesis of the other three, and Korsgaard concludes with her own version of the Kantian account. Her discussion is followed by commentary from G. A. Cohen, Raymond Geuss, Thomas Nagel, and Bernard Williams, and a reply by Korsgaard. |
| normative question example: Political Science Research in Practice Akan Malici, Elizabeth Smith, 2018-09-03 Nothing rings truer to those teaching political science research methods: students hate taking this course. Tackle the challenge and turn the standard research methods teaching model on its head with Political Science Research in Practice. Akan Malici and Elizabeth S. Smith engage students first with pressing political questions and then demonstrate how a researcher has gone about answering them, walking them through real political science research that contributors have conducted. Through the exemplary use of a comparative case study, field research, interviews, textual and interpretive research, statistical research, survey research, public policy and program evaluation, content analysis, and field experiments, each chapter introduces students to a method of empirical inquiry through a specific topic that will spark their interest and curiosity. Each chapter shows the process of developing a research question, how and why a particular method was used, and the rewards and challenges discovered along the way. Students can better appreciate why we need a science of politics—why methods matter—with these first-hand, issue-based discussions. The second edition now includes: Two completely new chapters on field experiments and a chapter on the textual/interpretative method. New topics, ranging from the Arab Spring to political torture to politically sensitive research in China to social networking and voter turnout. Revised and updated Exercises and Discussion Questions sections. Revised and updated Interested to Know More and Recommended Resources sections. |
| normative question example: Constructing Research Questions Mats Alvesson, Jorgen Sandberg, 2024-03-28 A key step for researchers wanting to produce interesting and influential theory development is formulating innovative research questions. In this text, Alvesson and Sandberg have developed a problematization methodology for identifying and challenging the assumptions underlying existing knowledge, and for generating research questions that can lead to more impactful theories. The second edition of this popular text has been fully updated, with more illustrative examples and insights from a diverse range of recent studies which explore methods for conducting more innovative research. This book is essential reading for students and researchers looking to formulate interesting research questions and conduct more engaging and original research. Mats Alvesson is Professor of Business Administration at the University of Bath, and also affiliated with Lund University, Stockholm School of Economics and Bayes Business School, City, University of London. Jörgen Sandberg is Professor in the University of Queensland (UQ) Business School and Honorary Professor at Warwick Business School. |
| normative question example: Microeconomics: Principles for a Changing World Eric Chiang, 2019-10-07 With this edition, Eric Chiang continues to link economics concepts to topics of personal interest to students. The new edition is a thoroughly contemporary, fully integrated print/technology resource that adapts to the way you want to teach. As always, this concise book focuses on the topics most often covered in the principles course, but with this edition, it offers a stronger emphasis than ever on helping students apply an economic way of thinking to the overwhelming flow of data we face every day. Economics: Principles for a Changing World is fully informed by Eric Chiang’s experiences teaching thousands of students worldwide, both in person and online. Developing the text, art, media, homework, and ancillaries simultaneously, Chiang translates those experiences into a cohesive approach that embodies the book’s founding principles: To use technology as a tool for learning—before lectures, during class, when doing homework, and at exam time To help students harness the data literacy they’ll need as consumers of economic information |
| normative question example: Evaluating Human Resources Programs Jack E. Edwards, John C. Scott, Nambury S. Raju, 2007-05-04 Evaluating Human Resources Programs is a groundbreaking book that offers readers a systematic method for enhancing the value and impact of HR and supporting its emerging role as a strategic organizational leader. It provides a practical framework for adjusting and realigning strategies across all types of HR programs. The authors outline a proven six-phase process that will maximize the likelihood of a successful HR program evaluation, including real-world techniques, strategies, and examples to illustrate their recommended steps and actions. |
| normative question example: Research Methods for Public Administrators Gail Johnson, 2015-05-18 As in previous editions, this highly practical book is written with beginning MPA students and practitioners in mind. It focuses on the interpretation and use of research findings, not just number crunching. It covers the entire research process, from initial questions to final report, in clear, jargon-free language, and includes numerous easy-to-understand examples and exercises that provide opportunities for concrete applications of the concepts. It is solidly grounded in public administration and recognizes both the promise and limitations of research within a political environment. Key features of the book: --It is highly practical and written to accommodate a mix of readers: those who want to become analysts, managers who will oversee research contracts, and citizens who need to know whether to believe the facts and data they read in today's news; --It minimizes the use of jargon and explains difficult concepts in clear language. Plentiful end-of-chapter exercises provide opportunities for concrete application of the concepts; --Key points are highlighted as takeaway lessons so readers are reminded about what really matters. The tough questions to ask are suggested in every chapter; --Examples and applications are used throughout the book to illustrate concepts and add topical interest; --It covers the entire research process, from initial questions to the final report. This book demystifies and makes practical the research every public administrator and policy analyst needs to do the job well. Online instructor's materials, including a Test Bank, PowerPoint slides, and a Survey and Documental Analysis (SDA) guide, are also available to adopters. |
| normative question example: Ethics and Technology Herman T. Tavani, 2016-01-11 Ethics and Technology, 5th Edition, by Herman Tavani introduces students to issues and controversies that comprise the relatively new field of cyberethics. This text examines a wide range of cyberethics issues--from specific issues of moral responsibility that directly affect computer and information technology (IT) professionals to broader social and ethical concerns that affect each of us in our day-to-day lives. The 5th edition shows how modern day controversies created by emerging technologies can be analyzed from the perspective of standard ethical concepts and theories. |
| normative question example: Structures and Norms in Science Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara, Kees Doets, Daniele Mundici, Johan van Benthem, 2013-03-14 This book gives a state-of-the-art survey of current research in logic and philosophy of science, as viewed by invited speakers selected by the most prestigious international organization in the field. In particular, it gives a coherent picture of foundational research into the various sciences, both natural and social. In addition, it has special interest items such as symposia on interfaces between logic and methodology, semantics and semiotics, as well as updates on the current state of the field in Eastern Europe and the Far East. |
| normative question example: CoreMacroeconomics Eric Chiang, 2013-12-09 |
| normative question example: CoreEconomics Eric Chiang, 2013-12-09 With this new edition, Eric Chiang transforms CoreEconomics into a text/media resource well attuned to today’s students. Long active in the economics education community, Chiang brings a contemporary teacher’s perspective to the book, supporting a variety of learning approaches by introducing modern topics, new pedagogy, a more visual presentation, and well-integrated media tools. All this while maintaining the book’s defining focus on just those topics instructors cover most often in the course. |
| normative question example: Moral Psychology Valerie Tiberius, 2023-07-31 Released in 2014, this was the first philosophy textbook in moral psychology, introducing students to a range of philosophical topics and debates such as: what is moral motivation? Do reasons for action always depend on desires? Is emotion or reason at the heart of moral judgment? Under what conditions are people morally responsible? Are there self-interested reasons for people to be moral? The Second Edition of Moral Psychology: A Contemporary Introduction, updates its responses to these questions, taking advantage of the explosion of recent research from philosophers and psychologists on these topics, and adding a chapter on the question of whether morality is innate or learned. As before, the book emphasizes the relationship between traditional and interdisciplinary approaches to moral psychology and aims to carefully explain how empirical research is (or is not) relevant to philosophical inquiry. The bulleted summaries, study questions, and lists for further readings at the end of each chapter have been updated. Key Updates to the Second Edition: Includes a new opening section on human nature, borrowing material from elsewhere in the book Adds a new chapter on evolutionary and developmental arguments for the innateness of morality Expands coverage of the challenges to psychological research, including the replication crisis and the WEIRDness challenge Provides a new section on implicit bias and moral responsibility Offers enhanced clarity and accessibility throughout Includes up-to-date further reading sections and bibliography |
| normative question example: Macroeconomics in Context Neva Goodwin, Jonathan M. Harris, Julie A. Nelson, Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar, Brian Roach, Mariano Torras, 2018-12-20 Macroeconomics in Context lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. Like its counterpart, Microeconomics in Context, the book is uniquely attuned to economic realities. The in Context books offer engaging coverage of current topics including financial crises, rising inequality, debt and deficits, and environmental sustainability, while also providing a clear and accessible exploration of economic theory and applications. The third edition features: Clear explanations of basic economic concepts alongside more in-depth analysis of macroeconomics models and economic activity Expanded coverage of topics including, inequality, financialization and debt issues, the changing nature of jobs, and sustainable development Thoroughly updated figures and data A full complement of online instructor and student support materials such as additional tables and data, PowerPoint slides and a study guide This engaging textbook offers students an excellent guide to macroeconomics. The latest addition to the In Context series, it combines real-world relevance with a thorough grounding in multiple economic paradigms. The book's companion website is available at: http://www.bu.edu/eci/education-materials/textbooks/macroeconomics-in-context/ |
| normative question example: Price Theory And Applications (Tenth Edition) Steven E. Landsburg, 2024-03-22 Price Theory and Applications challenges students to master the economic way of understanding the world, with equal emphasis on intuition and precise logic, and special emphasis on the interplay between them. The writing is inviting, humorous, and sometimes folksy, without sacrificing the insistence that arguments need to be airtight. Important concepts are introduced via entertaining examples and fleshed out with rigor.The learning experience is supported by a vast number of intriguing and entertaining exhibits, examples, numerical exercises, and problem sets, some integrated within the text and others included at the end of chapters. The problems vary widely in their demands on students — some are straightforward applications of the theory, while others require a great deal of creativity and a willingness to think considerably outside the box. |
| normative question example: Moral Error Theory Jonas Olson, 2014-01-23 Jonas Olson presents a critical survey of moral error theory, the view that there are no moral facts and so all moral claims are false. In Part I (History), he explores the historical context of the debate, and discusses the moral error theories of David Hume and of some more or less influential twentieth century philosophers, including Axel Hägerström, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and Richard Robinson. He argues that the early cases for moral error theory are suggestive but that they would have been stronger had they included something like J. L. Mackie's arguments that moral properties and facts are metaphysically queer. Part II (Critique) focuses on these arguments. Olson identifies four queerness arguments, concerning supervenience, knowledge, motivation, and irreducible normativity, and goes on to establish that while the first three are not compelling, the fourth has considerable force, especially when combined with debunking explanations of why we tend to believe that there are moral properties and facts when in fact there are none. One conclusion of Part II is that a plausible error theory takes the form of an error theory about irreducible normativity. In Part III (Defence), Olson considers challenges according to which that kind of error theory has problematic ramifications regarding hypothetical reasons, epistemic reasons, and deliberation. He ends his discussion with a consideration of the implications of moral error theory for ordinary moral thought and talk, and for normative theorizing. |
| normative question example: Transcending Reason Matthew Burch, Irene McMullin, 2020-08-17 This book offers the first edited volume to thematically foreground Heidegger’s complex relation to “the life of reason” and its relation to normativity. Authored by world-class phenomenologists and Heidegger scholars, it presents cutting-edge, convention-challenging scholarship on Heidegger’s relationship to the phenomenological traditions. |
| normative question example: Knowledge and Language L. Jonathan Cohen, 2013-03-14 I am very grateful to Kluwer Academic Publishers for the opportunity to republish these articles about knowledge and language. The Introduction to the volume has been written by James Logue, and I need to pay a very sincerely intended tribute to the care and professionalism which he has devoted to every feature of its production. My thanks are also due to Matthew MeG rattan for his technical as sistance in scanning the articles onto disk and formatting them. 1. Jonathan Cohen vii Publisher's Note Thanks are due to the following publishers for permission to reproduce the articles in this volume. On the project of a universal character. Oxford University Press. Paper 1 On a concept of a degree of grammaticalness. Logique et Analyse. Paper 2 Paper 3 The semantics of metaphor. Cambridge University Press. Paper 4 Can the logic of indirect discourse be formalised? The Association for Symbolic Logic. Paper 5 Some remarks on Grice's views about the logical particles of natural language. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Paper 6 Can the conversationalist hypothesis be defended? Kluwer Academic Publishers. Paper 7 How is conceptual innovation possible? Kluwer Academic Publishers. Should natural language definitions be insulated from, or interactive Paper 8 with, one another in sentence composition? Kluwer Academic Publish ers. Paper 9 A problem about truth-functional semantics. Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd. Paper 10 The individuation of proper names. Oxford University Press. Paper 11 Some comments on third world epistemology. Oxford University Press. Paper 12 Guessing. The Aristotelian Society. |
| normative question example: The Rise of the Unelected Frank Vibert, 2007-06-07 This book examines the challenge that unelected bodies such as economic regulators present to democracy, and argues that they should be seen as a new branch of government and held to account through a new separation of powers. |
| normative question example: Natural Causes James R. O'Connor, 1998-01-01 This work shows how the policies and imperatives of business and government influence - and are influenced by - environment and social change. It examines the power of ecological Marxist analysis for grounding economic behaviour in the real world and for formulating political strategies. |
| normative question example: Principles of Economics in Context Neva Goodwin, Jonathan M. Harris, Julie A. Nelson, Brian Roach, Mariano Torras, 2015-03-04 Principles of Economics in Context lays out the principles of micro- and macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students, attuned to the economic realities of the world around them. It offers engaging treatment of important current topics such as new thinking in behavioral economics, financial instability and market bubbles, debt and deficits, and policy responses to the problems of unemployment, inequality, and environmental sustainability. This new, affordable edition combines the just-released new editions of Microeconomics in Context and Macroeconomics in Context to provide an integrated full-year text covering all aspects of both micro and macro analysis and application, with many up-to-date examples and extensive supporting web resources for instructors and students. Key features include: An eye-opening statistical portrait of the United States; Clear explanation of basic concepts and analytical tools, with advanced models presented in optional chapter appendices; Presentation of policy issues in historical, institutional, social, political, and ethical context--an approach that fosters critical evaluation of the standard microeconomic models, such as welfare analysis, labor markets, and market competition; Issues of human well-being, both domestic and global, are given central importance, enriching the topics and analytical tools to which students are introduced; The theme of sustainability--financial, social, and ecological--is thoroughly integrated in the book, with chapters on alternatives to standard GDP measurement, the environment, common property, public goods, and growth and sustainability in the twenty-first century; Full complement of instructor and student support materials online, including test banks and grading through Canvas. |
| normative question example: Social Psychology Ralph Turner, 2017-09-29 A valuable compendium: broad In scope, rich In detail: It should be a most useful reference for students and teachers. This is how Alex Inkeles of Stanford University described this text. It is made more so in this paperback edition aimed to reach a broad student population in sociology and psychology. The new Introduction written by Rosenberg and Turner brings the story of social psychology up to date by a rich and detailed examination of trends and tendencies of the 1980s.Although social psychology is a major area of specialization in sociology and psychology, this text Is the first comprehensive and authoritative work that looks at the subject from a sociological perspective. Edited by two of the foremost social psychologists in the United States, this book presents a synthesis of the major theoretical and empirical contributions of social psychology.They treat both traditional topics such as symbolic interaction, social exchange theory, small groups, social roles, and intergroup relations, and newer approaches such as socialization processes over the life cycle, sociology of the self, talk and social control, and the sociology of sentiments and emotions. The result is an absolutely Indispensable text for students and teachers who need a complete and ready reference to this burgeoning field. |
| normative question example: Economics Eric Chiang, 2019-10-08 With this edition, Eric Chiang continues to link economics concepts to topics of personal interest to students. The new edition is a thoroughly contemporary, fully integrated print/technology resource that adapts to the way you want to teach. As always, this concise book focuses on the topics most often covered in the principles course, but with this edition, it offers a stronger emphasis than ever on helping students apply an economic way of thinking to the overwhelming flow of data we face every day. Economics: Principles for a Changing World is fully informed by Eric Chiang’s experiences teaching thousands of students worldwide, both in person and online. Developing the text, art, media, homework, and ancillaries simultaneously, Chiang translates those experiences into a cohesive approach that embodies the book’s founding principles: To use technology as a tool for learning—before lectures, during class, when doing homework, and at exam time To help students harness the data literacy they’ll need as consumers of economic information |
| normative question example: GAO Review , 1983 |
| normative question example: Macroeconomics in Context Sebastian Dullien, Neva Goodwin, Jonathan Harris, Julie Nelson, Brian Roach, Mariano Torras, 2017-08-23 Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. With a clear presentation of economic theory throughout, this latest addition to the bestselling In Context set of textbooks is written with a specific focus on European data, institutions, and historical events, offering engaging treatment of high-interest topics, including sustainability, Brexit, the euro crisis, and rising inequality. Policy issues are presented in context (historical, institutional, social, political, and ethical), and always with reference to human well-being. This book is divided into four parts, covering the following key issues: The context of economic analysis, including basic macroeconomic statistics and tools; The basics of macroeconomic measurements, including GDP, inflation, and unemployment, as well as alternative measures of well-being, and the particular structures of the European economies; Methods for analyzing monetary and fiscal policy, including an in-depth coverage of the instruments and approaches of the European central bank and some coverage of an open economy; The application of the tools learnt to selected macroeconomic issues, such as the euro crisis, the global financial crisis, public debt, global development, and environmental sustainability. Far more than any other existing macroeconomic textbook, this book combines real-world relevance of the topics covered with a strong focus on European institutions and structures within an approach that explains multiple economic paradigms. This combination helps to raise students’ interest in macroeconomics as well as enhance their understanding of the power and limitation of macroeconomic analysis. Visit http://www.bu.edu/eci/education-materials/textbooks/macroeconomics-in-context-a-european-perspective/ for online resources for both lecturers and students. A video of a panel discussion about the book can be found at https://youtu.be/xjHJrW9WP44. |
| normative question example: Questioning Experts and Expertise Maria Baghramian, Carlo Martini, 2022-09-29 The role of experts and their expertise, in our personal and social lives, has taken centre stage in the debates about our post-COVID-19 world. Scientific disinformation is rife, and expertise is badly needed to tackle highly complex social problems. This book brings together philosophers, sociologists and policy experts to discuss the nature, scope and limitations of expert advice in policy decisions. The chapters collected here address some of the most fundamental questions in the debate on the role of experts. They explore, among others, the definitions of expertise, the role of experts in modern democracies, the dilemma of choosing between equally competent and qualified experts who cannot agree, the objectivity of expert judgements, the relationship between experts and novices in polarised social settings and the conditions on the trustworthiness of experts. These explorations, by some of the best- known academics working in the field, highlight the complexities of the questions they address but also lay down a road map for addressing them. The chapters in this book were originally published in Social Epistemology: A Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Policy. |
| normative question example: Police Innovation David Weisburd, Anthony A. Braga, 2006-05-04 Over the last three decades American policing has gone through a period of significant change and innovation. In what is a relatively short historical time frame the police began to reconsider their fundamental mission, the nature of the core strategies of policing, and the character of their relationships with the communities that they serve. This volume brings together leading police scholars to examine eight major innovations which emerged during this period: community policing, broken windows policing, problem oriented policing, pulling levers policing, third party policing, hot spots policing, Compstat and evidence-based policing. Including advocates and critics of each of the eight police innovations, this comprehensive book assesses the evidence on impacts of police innovation on crime and public safety, the extent of the implementation of these new approaches in police departments, and the dilemmas these approaches have created for police management. This book will appeal to students, scholars and researchers. |
| normative question example: Naturalizing Epistemic Virtue Abrol Fairweather, 2014-03-27 This book explores virtue epistemology as naturalistic and presents new opportunities for work on epistemic abilities, epistemic virtues and cognitive character. |
| normative question example: Being for Beauty Dominic McIver Lopes, 2018-09-13 No values figure as pervasively and intimately in our lives as beauty and other aesthetic values. They animate the arts, as well as design, fashion, food, and entertainment. They orient us upon the natural world. And we even find them in the deepest insights of science and mathematics. For centuries, however, philosophers and other thinkers have identified beauty with what brings pleasure. Concerned that aesthetic hedonism has led us to question beauty's significance, Dominic McIver Lopes offers an entirely new theory of beauty in this volume. Beauty engages us in action, in concert with others, in the context of social networks. Lopes's 'network theory' explains the social dimension of aesthetic agency, the tie between beauty and pleasure, the importance of disagreement in matters of taste, and the reality of aesthetic values as denizens of the natural world. The two closing chapters shed light on why aesthetic engagement is so important to quality of life, and why it deserves (and gets) lavish public support. Being for Beauty offers a fresh contribution to aesthetics but also to thinking about metanormativity, the metaphysics of value, and virtue theory. |
| normative question example: Conducting Research in Human Geography Rob Kitchin, Nick Tate, 2013-12-02 Reading this book is your first step to becoming a competent human geography researcher. Whether you are a novice needing practical help for your first piece of research or a professional in search of an accessible guide to best practice, Conducting Research in Human Geography is a unique and indispensable book to have at hand. The book provides a broad overview of theoretical underpinnings in contemporary human geography and links these with the main research methodologies currently being used. It is designed to guide the user through the complete research process, whether it be a one day field study or a large project, from the nurturing of ideas and development of a proposal, to the design of an enquiry, the generation and analysis of data, to the drawing of conclusions and the presentation of findings. |
| normative question example: Epistemology and Methodology in Ethics Tristram McPherson, 2020-06-11 This Element introduces several prominent themes in contemporary work on the epistemology and methodology of ethics. Topics addressed include skeptical challenges in ethics, epistemic arguments in metaethics, what (if anything) is epistemically distinctive of the ethical. Also considered are methodological questions in ethics, including questions about which ethical concepts we should investigate, and what our goals should be in ethical inquiry. |
| normative question example: Intelligent Decision Support Systems Salvatore Greco, Vincent Mousseau, Jerzy Stefanowski, Constantin Zopounidis, 2022-05-31 This book presents a collection of essays written by leading researchers to honor Roman Słowiński’s major scholarly interests and contributions. He is well-known for conducting extensive research on methodologies and techniques for intelligent decision support, where he combines operational research and artificial intelligence. The book reconstructs his main contributions, presents cutting-edge research and provides an outlook on the most promising and advanced domains of computer science and multiple criteria decision aiding. The respective chapters cover a wide range of related research areas, including decision sciences, ordinal data mining, preference learning and multiple criteria decision aiding, modeling of uncertainty and imprecision in decision problems, rough set theory, fuzzy set theory, multi-objective optimization, project scheduling and decision support applications. As such, the book will appeal to researchers and scholars in related fields. |
| normative question example: Social Psychology Morris Rosenberg, Ralph H. Turner, 1990-01-01 A valuable compendium: broad In scope, rich In detail: It should be a most useful reference for students and teachers. This is how Alex Inkeles of Stanford University described this text. It is made more so in this paperback edition aimed to reach a broad student population in sociology and psychology. The new Introduction written by Rosenberg and Turner brings the story of social psychology up to date by a rich and detailed examination of trends and tendencies of the 1980s. Although social psychology is a major area of specialization in sociology and psychology, this text Is the first comprehensive and authoritative work that looks at the subject from a sociological perspective. Edited by two of the foremost social psychologists in the United States, this book presents a synthesis of the major theoretical and empirical contributions of social psychology. They treat both traditional topics such as symbolic interaction, social exchange theory, small groups, social roles, and intergroup relations, and newer approaches such as socialization processes over the life cycle, sociology of the self, talk and social control, and the sociology of sentiments and emotions. The result is an absolutely Indispensable text for students and teachers who need a complete and ready reference to this burgeoning field. |
| normative question example: Aristotle on Inquiry James G. Lennox, 2021-05-20 Aristotle is a rarity in the history of philosophy and science - he is a towering figure in the history of both disciplines. Moreover, he devoted a great deal of philosophical attention to the nature of scientific knowledge. How then do his philosophical reflections on scientific knowledge impact his actual scientific inquiries? In this book James Lennox sets out to answer this question. He argues that Aristotle has a richly normative view of scientific inquiry, and that those norms are of two kinds: a general, question-guided framework applicable to all scientific inquiries, and domain-specific norms reflecting differences in the target of inquiry and in the means of observation available to researchers. To see these norms of inquiry in action, the second half of this book examines Aristotle's investigations of animals, the soul, material compounds, the motions of heavenly bodies, and respiration. |
| normative question example: Geography Arild Holt-Jensen, 2009-09-24 Now in a fourth edition, this standard student reference has been totally revised and updated. It remains the definitive introduction to the history, philosophy, and methodology of human geography; now including a detailed explanation of key ideas in human geography's post-modernist and post-structuralist 'turns'. The book is organized into six sections: What is Geography?: an introduction to the discipline, and a discussion of its organization and basic research approaches, informed by the question 'what difference does it make to think geographically?' Foundations of Geography: an examination of geography from Antiquity to the 1950s, with a special focus on human/environment relation. Geography 1950-1980: a critical review of the development of geography as a spatial science. Paradigms and Revolutions: an analysis of paradigm shifts in geography, introducing students to key debates in the philosophy of science. Positivism and its Critics: a detailed discussion of positivism, critical theory, humanistic geography, behavioural geography, and structuralism. New Trends and Ideas developing critical responses: structuration theory, realism, post-structuralism, post-modernism, feminism and actor-network theory. This text explores complex ideas in an intelligible and accessible style. Illustrated throughout with research examples and explanations in text boxes, questions for discussion at the end of each chapter and a concept glossary, this is the essential student companion to the discipline. |
| normative question example: Macroeconomics Eric Chiang, 2019-10-10 With this edition, Eric Chiang continues to link economics concepts to topics of personal interest to students. The new edition is a thoroughly contemporary, fully integrated print/technology resource that adapts to the way you want to teach. As always, this concise book focuses on the topics most often covered in the principles course, but with this edition, it offers a stronger emphasis than ever on helping students apply an economic way of thinking to the overwhelming flow of data we face every day. Economics: Principles for a Changing World is fully informed by Eric Chiang’s experiences teaching thousands of students worldwide, both in person and online. Developing the text, art, media, homework, and ancillaries simultaneously, Chiang translates these experiences into a cohesive approach that embodies the book’s founding principles: To use technology as a tool for learning—before lectures, during class, when doing homework, and at exam time. To help students harness the data literacy they’ll need as consumers of economic information. |
| normative question example: Applied Social Research NA Hall, Ralph Hall, 2008-06-10 Applied Social Research focuses on the real world context of applied research. It discusses the often overlooked, yet essential process of planning: poor planning inevitably produces inadequate research. The text helps researchers decide how to approach their applied research problems and to think through the major issues in the design and analysis of their project. 'Applied Social Research' also discussed the idea that in applied social research the use of a single method type is unlikely to provide answers to the often complex set of research questions being addressed and highlights the benefits of using two or more research methods in the one study. The author argues that such mixed method designs are becoming widely used in applied social research, particularly where the methods combine qualitative and quantitative data, thereby enabling a richer set of data to provide various perspectives on the research topic, removing limitations imposed by using single methods. Examples of such designs are provided throughout, useful mixed method designs are outlined and their advantages discussed. |
| normative question example: Philosophy and Business Ethics Guglielmo Faldetta, Edoardo Mollona, Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini, 2022-06-06 This book explores the relationship between philosophy and business ethics. Academics and practitioners often muse about the ethical and moral aspect of management and business actions, but these studies can lack a deeper philosophical grounding. Contributors to this volume challenge this gap by applying different philosophical paradigms and theories to business management issues. The territory covered by the contributions collected in this book spans from the foundations of business management literature itself, to the role of philosophy in new business models and technology; from the way philosophical theory can explain – and encourage – ethical firm behaviour, to the political stance that an organization takes. Contributors take a holistic approach to business and management, bringing together real-world examples and rich academic theory, creating an interdisciplinary volume, with international authors. Covering important topics such as corporate social responsibility, sustainability, leadership, and stakeholder relations, this book will be of interest to academics working in the field of business ethics, philosophy and management studies. |
| normative question example: The GAO Review , 1984 |
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Normative’s industry-leading carbon accounting engine captures your complete carbon footprint – from direct operations to supply chain impacts – delivering the accurate insights you need to …
Platform | Normative
Streamline carbon emissions tracking, reporting, and reduction with Normative. Comprehensive compliance solutions, expert guidance, and data-driven insights for sustainable growth.
The Omnibus Simplification Package: explained | Normative
Apr 24, 2025 · While the exact content of the Omnibus Package is still being negotiated, we, at Normative, want to provide some clarity amidst the current speculation. This post outlines what …
About - Normative
Normative is the carbon accounting engine on a mission to make known the sustainability impact of all economic activities on the planet.
Free carbon calculation tools for SME's – Normative
May 19, 2025 · What is Normative? Scope 1 - Direct emissions; How to get started with measuring your emissions; Why measure CO₂ emissions?
Careers - Normative
Every employee at Normative plays a valuable role in reducing business carbon emissions. Here are the positions we're hiring for.
Pricing | Normative
Streamline your Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) process. With Normative, you can upload and store data across Environmental, Social, and Governance (E, S, and G) …
What is the GHG protocol? – Normative
May 19, 2025 · The calculation model used by the Normative is based on this standard. What is the GHG protocol? The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol is the world’s most widely used …
Carbon news roundup February/March 2025 | Normative
Mar 18, 2025 · Normative’s carbon roundup covers the latest on the Omnibus Simplification Package, the growth of the UK’s net-zero economy and an update from the GHG Protocol.
Glossary - GHG & carbon accounting – Normative
May 19, 2025 · What is a corporate carbon footprint? A corporate carbon footprint measures the emissions of your entire company or organization, and is defined in the Greenhouse Gas …
Normative | Carbon Accounting Engine
Normative’s industry-leading carbon accounting engine captures your complete carbon footprint – from direct operations to supply chain impacts – …
Platform | Normative
Streamline carbon emissions tracking, reporting, and reduction with Normative. Comprehensive compliance solutions, expert guidance, and data …
The Omnibus Simplification Package: explained | Normative
Apr 24, 2025 · While the exact content of the Omnibus Package is still being negotiated, we, at Normative, want to provide some clarity amidst the …
About - Normative
Normative is the carbon accounting engine on a mission to make known the sustainability impact of all economic activities on the planet.
Free carbon calculation tools for SME's – Normative
May 19, 2025 · What is Normative? Scope 1 - Direct emissions; How to get started with measuring your emissions; Why measure CO₂ emissions?
