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| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Chinese Language John DeFrancis, 1986-03-01 DeFrancis's book is first rate. It entertains. It teaches. It demystifies. It counteracts popular ignorance as well as sophisticated (cocktail party) ignorance. Who could ask for anything more? There is no other book like it. ... It is one of a kind, a first, and I would not only buy it but I would recommend it to friends and colleagues, many of whom are visiting China now and are adding 'two-week-expert' ignorance to the two kinds that existed before. This is a book for everyone. --Joshua A. Fishman, research professor of social sciences, Yeshiva University, New York Professor De Francis has produced a work of great effectiveness that should appeal to a wide-ranging audience. It is at once instructive and entertaining. While being delighted by the flair of his novel approach, the reader will also be led to ponder on some of the most fundamental problems concerning the relations between written languages and spoken languages. Specifically, he will be served a variety of information on the languages of East Asia, not as dry pedantic facts, but as appealing tidbits that whet the intellectual appetite. The expert will find much to reflect on in this book, for Professor DeFrancis takes nothing for granted. --William S.Y. Wang, professor of linguistics, University of California at Berkeley |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: A History of the Chinese Language Hongyuan Dong, 2020-12-31 A History of the Chinese Language provides a comprehensive introduction to the historical development of the Chinese language from its Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots in prehistoric times to Modern Standard Chinese. Taking a highly accessible and balanced approach, it presents a chronological survey of the various stages of the Chinese language, covering key aspects such as phonology, syntax, and semantics. The second edition presents a revised and updated version that reflects recent scholarship in Chinese historical linguistics and new developments in related disciplines. Features include: Coverage of the major historical stages in Chinese language development, such as Old Chinese, Middle Chinese, Early Modern Chinese, and Modern Standard Chinese. Treatment of core linguistic aspects of the Chinese language, including phonological changes, grammatical development, lexical evolution, vernacular writing, the Chinese writing system, and Chinese dialects. Inclusion of authentic Chinese texts throughout the book, presented within a rigorous framework of linguistic analysis to help students to build up critical and evaluative skills and acquire valuable cultural knowledge. Integration of materials from different disciplines, such as archaeology, genetics, history, and sociolinguistics, to highlight the cultural and social background of each period of the language. Written by a highly experienced instructor, A History of the Chinese Language will be an essential resource for students of Chinese language and linguistics and for anyone interested in the history and culture of China. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Languages of China S. Robert Ramsey, 2024-05-21 An incredible source of information about the Chinese language and China’s minority languages In this accessible and informative book, S. Robert Ramsey lucidly explains what the Chinese language is—its social and geographical situation, its history, its range of dialects, the structure of the modern standard language, and the writing system. He goes on to describe the languages of China’s national minorities, showing how they interrelate with each other and with Chinese. Readers learn about the peoples who speak the languages of China, what China is like linguistically, and the cultural and historical settings of the country’s languages. For those who want more linguistic detail, Ramsey provides lists, maps, charts, and descriptions along with technical references in notes at the end of the book. Invaluable to general linguists and Sinologists alike, The Languages of China is an excellent introduction to Chinese and East Asian linguistics. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Languages of China Before the Chinese Terrien de Lacouperie, 1887 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Kingdom of Characters (Pulitzer Prize Finalist) Jing Tsu, 2023-01-17 PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST A New York Times Notable Book of 2022 What does it take to reinvent a language? After a meteoric rise, China today is one of the world’s most powerful nations. Just a century ago, it was a crumbling empire with literacy reserved for the elite few, as the world underwent a massive technological transformation that threatened to leave them behind. In Kingdom of Characters, Jing Tsu argues that China’s most daunting challenge was a linguistic one: the century-long fight to make the formidable Chinese language accessible to the modern world of global trade and digital technology. Kingdom of Characters follows the bold innovators who reinvented the Chinese language, among them an exiled reformer who risked a death sentence to advocate for Mandarin as a national language, a Chinese-Muslim poet who laid the groundwork for Chairman Mao's phonetic writing system, and a computer engineer who devised input codes for Chinese characters on the lid of a teacup from the floor of a jail cell. Without their advances, China might never have become the dominating force we know today. With larger-than-life characters and an unexpected perspective on the major events of China’s tumultuous twentieth century, Tsu reveals how language is both a technology to be perfected and a subtle, yet potent, power to be exercised and expanded. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: My First Mandarin Chinese Phrases Jill Kalz, 2012 Simple text paired with themed illustrations invite the reader to learn to speak Mandarin Chinese--Provided by publisher. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Speaking of Chinese Raymond Chang, Margaret Scrogin Chang, 2001 This pleasant, unpretentious account [is] a small stream leading to the ocean of the culture of China.--Scientific American |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: An Introduction to the Indo-European Languages Philip Baldi, 1983 This comprehensive linguistic survey of the Indo-European groups synthesizes the vast amount of information contained in the specialized handbooks of the individual stocks. The text begins with an introduction to the concept of the Indo-European language family, the history of its discovery, and the techniques of analysis. The introduction also gives a structural sketch of Proto-Indo-European, the parent language from which the others are descended. Baldi then devotes a chapter to each of the 11 major branches of Indo-European (Italic, Celtic, Indo-Iranian, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, Baltic, Slavic, Germanic, Tocharian, and Anatolian). Each chapter provides an outline of the external history of the branch, its people, dialects, and other relevant history. This outline is followed by a structural sketch of the most important language or languages of the branch (e.g., Old Irish for Celtic, Sanskrit and Avestan for Indo-Iranian, Latin and Osco-Umbrian for Italic). The sketch also contains the phonology, morphology, and syntax of each language. There is lastly a sample text of each language containing both interlinear and free translation. In those branches where there are special issues (e.g., the relation of Italic to Celtic and Baltic to Slavic, or the problem of archaism in Hittite), additional discussions of these issues are provided. Baldi's final chapter gives a brief outline of the minor Indo-European languages such as Illyrian, Thracian, Raetic, and Phrygian. Adding further to the usefulness of the book are extensive bibliographies, an up-to-date map showing the geographical distribution of the Indo-European languages throughout the world, and a detailed family tree diagram of the members of each subgroup within the Indo-European language family and their interrelationships. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: A Billion Voices David Moser, 2016-05-23 Mandarin, Guoyu or Putonghua? 'Chinese' is a language known by many names, and China is a country home to many languages. Since the turn of the twentieth century linguists and politicians have been on a mission to create a common language for China. From the radical intellectuals of the May Fourth Movement, to leaders such as Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, all fought linguistic wars to push the boundaries of language reform. Now, Internet users take the Chinese language in new and unpredictable directions. David Moser tells the remarkable story of China's language unification agenda and its controversial relationship with modern politics, challenging our conceptions of what it means to speak and be Chinese. 'If you want to know what the language situation of China is on the ground and in the trenches, and you only have time to read one book, this is it. A veritable tour de force, in just a little over a hundred pages, David Moser has filled this brilliant volume with linguistic, political, historical, and cultural data that are both reliable and enlightening. Written with captivating wit and exacting expertise, A Billion Voices is a masterpiece of clear thinking and incisive exposition.' Victor H. Mair, American sinologist, professor of Chinese language and literature at the University of Pennsylvania and author of The Columbia History of Chinese Literature 'David Moser explains the complex aspects of Putonghua against the backdrop of history, delivering the information with authority and simplicity in a style accessible both to speakers of Chinese and those who are simply fascinated by the language. All of the questions that people have asked me about Chinese over the years, and more, are answered in this book. The history of Putonghua and the vital importance of creating a common language is a story David Moser brings to life in an enjoyable way.' Laszlo Montgomery, The China History Podcast |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Mina's First Day of School (Bilingual in Chinese with Pinyin and English - Traditional Chinese Version): A Dual Language Children's Book Katrina Liu, 2018-08-12 Mina goes to school for the first time! Throughout the day, she meets delightful classmates and participates in class activities. Learn the many ways of saying “Yes” and “No” in everyday dialog through this bilingual book written in Traditional Chinese with Pinyin and English, and comes with a free audio reading in Mandarin! Perfect for children ages 1 to 4. This enjoyable book is also separately available in Simplified Chinese. ★ A fantastic Mandarin immersion resource for non-native speakers! ★ Give your child the opportunity to become bilingual! Research shows that learning a second language can boost problem-solving, critical thinking, listening skills, memory, concentration, ability to multitask, and even unlock more career opportunities. There are so many benefits when you start at a young age. All of Katrina Liu's books are intended for non-native speakers and parents interested in fostering the development of dual-language with their children. Each book contains vibrant full-color illustrations, large Chinese characters with Pinyin and English for support. They are written in everyday dialog making it easier for beginner learners to pick up the language. Katrina Liu is an American-born-Chinese mom and author. Her goal is to create beautiful engaging books that support non-native speakers for children and adults alike. Her books include relatable experiences and cultural differences that resonate with modern-day American families which many books from China do not have. ♥ Check out other Mina Learns Chinese books at: minalearnschinese.com I Love My Grandpa - Mina has an idea for her puppy! Filled with fun and creativity, Mina teams up with her grandpa (her Gong gong) to bring her idea to life! Mina’s Scavenger Hunt - Mina plays an exciting game of scavenger hunt as she searches around her home to collect a list of treasures. This interactive book is a great way to learn common adjectives in Chinese. Mina’s Ups and Downs - It's an exciting day at the carnival with Mina and her parents! With so much to do and see, Mina experiences a rollercoaster of emotions and feelings throughout the day. Free audio readings in Mandarin Chinese are available at: minalearnschinese.com/audioreading |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Communicating with Asia Gerhard Leitner, Azirah Hashim, Hans-Georg Wolf, 2016-01-11 In today's global world, where Asia is an increasing area of focus, it is vital to explore what it means to 'understand' Asian cultures through English and other languages. This volume presents new research on English in Asia, alongside Mandarin, Cantonese, Hindi-Urdu, Malay, Russian and other languages. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones Hang Zhang, 2018-07-03 Tones are the most challenging aspect of learning Chinese pronunciation for adult learners and traditional research mostly attributes tonal errors to interference from learners’ native languages. In Second Language Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese Tones, Hang Zhang offers a series of cross-linguistic studies to argue that there are factors influencing tone acquisition that extend beyond the transfer of structures from learners’ first languages, and beyond characteristics extracted from Chinese. These factors include universal phonetic and phonological constraints as well as pedagogical issues. By examining non-native Chinese tone productions made by speakers of non-tonal languages (English, Japanese, and Korean), this book brings together theory and practice and uses the theoretical insights to provide concrete suggestions for teachers and learners of Chinese. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Language in Hong Kong at Century's End Martha C. Pennington, 1998-01-01 This volume offers a view of the linguistic situation in Hong Kong in the final years of the twentieth century, as it enters the post-colonial era. In the chapters of this book, scholars from Hong Kong and around the world present a contemporary profile of Chinese, English, and other languages in dynamic interaction in this major international economic centre. Authors survey usage of different languages and attitudes towards them among students, teachers, and the general population based on census data, newpapers, language diaries, interviews, and questionnaires. They address issues of code-mixing, the shift from English-medium to Chinese-medium education, the place of Putonghua in the local language mix, and the language of minority groups such as Hong Kong Indians.This wide-ranging group of original studies provides a social and historical perspective from which to consider developments in language among the past, present, and future populations of Hong Kong. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Culture of Language in Ming China Nathan Vedal, 2022-04-13 Winner, 2023 Morris D. Forkosch Prize, Journal of the History of Ideas The scholarly culture of Ming dynasty China (1368–1644) is often seen as prioritizing philosophy over concrete textual study. Nathan Vedal uncovers the preoccupation among Ming thinkers with specialized linguistic learning, a field typically associated with the intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century. He explores the collaboration of Confucian classicists and Buddhist monks, opera librettists and cosmological theorists, who joined forces in the pursuit of a universal theory of language. Drawing on a wide range of overlooked scholarly texts, literary commentaries, and pedagogical materials, Vedal examines how Ming scholars positioned the study of language within an interconnected nexus of learning. He argues that for sixteenth- and seventeenth-century thinkers, the boundaries among the worlds of classicism, literature, music, cosmology, and religion were far more fluid and porous than they became later. In the eighteenth century, Qing thinkers pared away these other fields from linguistic learning, creating a discipline focused on corroborating the linguistic features of ancient texts. Documenting a major transformation in knowledge production, this book provides a framework for rethinking global early modern intellectual developments. It offers a powerful alternative to the conventional understanding of late imperial Chinese intellectual history by focusing on the methods of scholarly practice and the boundaries by which contemporary thinkers defined their field of study. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Roots of Old Chinese Laurent Sagart, 1999-01-01 The phonology, morphology and lexicon of late Zhou Chinese are examined in this volume. It is argued that a proper understanding of Old Chinese morphology is essential in correctly reconstructing the phonology. Based on evidence from word-families, modern dialects and related words in neighboring languages, Old Chinese words are claimed to consist of a monosyllabic root, to which a variety of derivational affixes attached. This made Old Chinese typologically more like modern languages such as Khmer, Gyarong or Atayal, than like Middle and modern Chinese, where only faint traces of the old morphology remain. In the first part of the book, the author proposes improvements to Baxter's system of reconstruction, regarding complex initials and rhymes, and then reviews in great detail the Old Chinese affixal morphology. New proposals on phonology and morphology are integrated into a coherent reconstruction system. The second part of the book consists of etymological studies of important lexical items in Old Chinese. The author demonstrates in particular the role of proportional analogy in the formation of the system of personal pronouns. Special attention is paid to contact phenomena between Chinese and neighboring languages, and unlike most literature on Sino-Tibetan the author identifies numerous Chinese loanwords into Tibeto-Burman. The book, which contains a lengthy list of reconstructions, an index of characters and a general index, is intended for linguists and cultural historians, as well as advanced students. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Language Together English for Kids Set One Germaine Choe, 2016-02 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Teaching Chinese as an International Language Yeng-Seng Goh, Yingcheng Wu, 2017-08-17 A lively and accessible account which explores the teaching of Chinese as an international language from a Singapore perspective. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Multilingualism in the Chinese Diaspora Worldwide Li Wei, 2015-10-16 In this volume, Li Wei brings together contributions from well-known and emerging scholars in socio- and anthropological linguistics working on different linguistic and communicative aspects of the Chinese diaspora. The project examines the Chinese diasporic experience from a global, comparative perspective, with a particular focus on transnational links, and local social and multilingual realities. Contributors address the emergence of new forms of Chinese in multilingual contexts, family language policy and practice, language socialization and identity development, multilingual creativity, linguistic attitudes and ideologies, and heritage language maintenance, loss, learning and re-learning. The studies are based on empirical observations and investigations in Chinese communities across the globe, including well-researched (from a sociolinguistic perspective) areas such as North America, Western Europe and Australia, as well as under-explored and under-represented areas such as Africa, Latin America, Central Asia, and the Middle East; the volume also includes detailed ethnographic accounts representing regions with a high concentration of Chinese migration such as Southeast Asia. This volume not only will allow sociolinguists to investigate the link between linguistic phenomena in specific communities and wider socio-cultural processes, but also invites an open dialogue with researchers from other disciplines who are working on migration, diaspora and identity, and those studying other language-based diasporic communities such as the Russian diaspora, the Spanish diaspora, the Portuguese diaspora, and the Arabic diaspora. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Linguistic Cycle : Language Change and the Language Faculty Department of English Arizona State University Elly van Gelderen Regents' Professor, 2011-04-08 Elly van Gelderen provides examples of linguistic cycles from a number of languages and language families, along with an account of the linguistic cycle in terms of minimalist economy principles. A cycle involves grammaticalization from lexical to functional category followed by renewal. Some well-known cycles involve negatives, where full negative phrases are reanalyzed as words and affixes and are then renewed by full phrases again. Verbal agreement is another example: full pronouns are reanalyzed as agreement markers and are renewed again. Each chapter provides data on a separate cycle from a myriad of languages. Van Gelderen argues that the cross-linguistic similarities can be seen as Economy Principles present in the initial cognitive system or Universal Grammar. She further claims that some of the cycles can be used to classify a language as analytic or synthetic, and she provides insight into the shape of the earliest human language and how it evolved. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Word Order Change Ana Maria Martins, Adriana Cardoso, 2018 This volume explores word order change within the framework of diachronic generative syntax and offers new insights into word order, syntactic movement, and related phenomena. It draws on data from a wide range of languages including Sanskrit, Tocharian, Portuguese, Irish, Hungarian and Coptic Egyptian. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics (5 Volumes) Rint Sybesma, Wolfgang Behr, Yueguo Gu, Zev Handel, C. -T. James Huang, James Myers, 2016-11-30 The Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics is the new reference work on all aspects of the languages of China and China s linguistic traditions, written and edited by the foremost scholars in the field. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Early China Li Feng, 2013-12-30 A critical new interpretation of the early history of Chinese civilization based on the most recent scholarship and archaeological discoveries. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: A Grammar of Gan Chinese Xuping Li, 2018-02-19 China is very rich in language resources, and Mandarin is undoubtedly its most prestigious and well-known representative. Unfortunately, most of these languages remain understudied or even unstudied. Such is the case of Yichun Gan. Written in the style of a reference grammar, this book sets out to give a comprehensive and systematic description of Yichun grammar, with the aim of increasing readers' knowledge about Chinese languages other than Mandarin. In addition to common categories like nouns, verbs, adjectives and prepositions, the volume attempts to cover as many grammatical categories and constructions as possible, including the Sinitic-specific categories such as classifiers, the aspect system, postpositions and the object-marking BA constructions. To highlight its uniqueness, the book adopts a comparative perspective to contrast many features of Yichun Gan with Mandarin and other Sinitic languages. Our study shows that Yichun Gan possesses both Northern and Southern Chinese traits in many constructions, which supports its status as a transitional language. It will be of interest to linguists who wish to learn more about East Asian languages, and more specifically Sinitic languages. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Historical Essay Endeavoring a Probability That the Language of the Empire of China is the Primitive Language / John 1611-1672 Webb, 2021-09-10 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Elements of Chinese Grammar Joshua Marshman, 1814 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: "Granny's Chapters" - on Scriptural Subjects. (First, Second Series.). Lady Mary Ross, 1871 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The China Challenge Huhua Cao, Vivienne Poy, 2011-05-28 Canadian and Chinese experts examine the importance of Sino-Canadian relations and their impact on foreign and domestic policy in Canada. With the exception of Canada’s relationship with the United States, Canada’s relationship with China will likely be its most significant foreign connection in the twenty-first century. As China’s role in world politics becomes more central, understanding China becomes essential for Canadian policymakers and policy analysts in a variety of areas. Responding to this need, The China Challenge brings together perspectives from both Chinese and Canadian experts on the evolving Sino-Canadian relationship. It traces the history and looks into the future of Canada-China bilateral relations. It also examines how China has affected a number of Canadian foreign and domestic policy issues, including education, economics, immigration, labour and language. Recently, Canada-China relations have suffered from inadequate policymaking and misunderstandings on the part of both governments. Establishing a good dialogue with China must be a Canadian priority in order to build and maintain mutually beneficial relations with this emerging power, which will last into the future. Published in English. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Lost Civilizations of the Stone Age Richard Rudgley, 2000-01-25 Examines the history of mankind during the Neolithic Age, and presents evidence that the Stone Age human was more advanced than science originally thought. Includes figures and photographs. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: A Phonological History of Chinese Zhongwei Shen, 2020-06-04 A one-stop, comprehensive account of the key developments in the phonological history of Chinese. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: 中国语文的时代演进 Youguang Zhou, 2003 This bilingual text by Zhou Youguang (in Chinese) with English translation by Zhang Liqing makes it easier for English speakers to gain advanced level skills in East Asian languages. It also exposes learners at or above intermediate skill levels to the vocabulary and discourses of academic disciplines and provides entries into discussions with oral and written presentations in these concentrations. This concise treatment of a field is done by an excellent scholar with outstanding English translation. This book offers an overview of a particular situation regarding the development and problems concerning Chinese languages and scripts. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: The Rise of English Rosemary Salomone, Rosemary C. Salomone, 2022 A sweeping account of the global rise of English and the high-stakes politics of languageSpoken by a quarter of the world's population, English is today's lingua franca- - its common tongue. The language of business, popular media, and international politics, English has become commodified for its economic value and increasingly detached from any particular nation. This meteoric rise of English has many obvious benefits to communication. Tourists can travel abroad with greater ease. Political leaders can directly engage their counterparts. Researchers can collaborate with foreign colleagues. Business interests can flourish in the global economy. But the rise of English has very real downsides as well. In Europe, imperatives of political integration and job mobility compete with pride in national language and heritage. In the United States and England, English isolates us from the cultural and economic benefits of speaking other languages. And in countries like India, South Africa, Morocco, and Rwanda, it has stratified society along lines of English proficiency.In The Rise of English, Rosemary Salomone offers a commanding view of the unprecedented spread of English and the far-reaching effects it has on global and local politics, economics, media, education, and business. From the inner workings of the European Union to linguistic battles over influence in Africa, Salomone draws on a wealth of research to tell the complex story of English - and, ultimately, to argue for English not as a force for domination but as a core component of multilingualism and the transcendence of linguistic and cultural borders. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Old Chinese William H. Baxter, 2014 This book introduces a new linguistic reconstruction of the phonology, morphology, and lexicon of Old Chinese, the language of the earliest Chinese classical texts (1st millennium BCE). |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 9 A Grammar of Anong Hongkai Sun, Guangkun Liu, 2009-09-15 A work that will be of interest to those interested in typology, language history, and contact induced change, this book documents the radical restructuring of Anong over the last 40 years under intense contact with Lisu. In the almost fifty years, Sun Hongkai has been documenting the Anong language of Yunnan China, it has undergone radical, contact-induced changes. The language of the less than forty remaining speakers is quite different than the Anong of forty years ago. Under intense contact with Lisu, major change has occurred in the language, much of it documented in this work of Sun's. The English edition is a reworking of the original Chinese version, providing annotation, an expanded lexicon, and an appendix that contains an instrumental study of the language. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Colloquial Chinese Qian Kan, 2009-03-23 Colloquial Chinese: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Chinese as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Chinese in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Chinese is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in China An overview of the sounds of Chinese Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Chinese is an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Chinese. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Trübner's American and Oriental Literary Record , 1865 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Rethinking Second Language Learning Marisa Cordella, Hui Huang, 2016-05-19 This book evaluates a project where formal classroom learning of a second language was supplemented with informal, natural interactions with older native speakers of the target language, delivering a number of pedagogical and societal benefits. The authors introduce a model of intergenerational, intercultural encounters which aims to promote the use of community language resources; enrich the experiences of young learners; foster greater understanding between generations; break down cultural stereotypes; encourage appreciation of different cultures and enhance the quality of life and community engagement of older people with a bi/multilingual background. It draws on theories of language acquisition, discourse analysis and psychosocial perspectives to propose a model of language learning for students that can be used for any language or locality. It is therefore an essential resource for graduate students, researchers and language teachers as well as for education, aged and youth care policy makers, practitioners and community services workers who are interested in innovative language pedagogy. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Progressive Exercises in the Chinese Written Language Thomas Lowndes Bullock, 1923 |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Chinese Business in Southeast Asia Terence E. Gomez, Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao, 2013-12-19 Presents empirical findings from different South-East Asian countries to demonstrate that Chinese businessmen employ a variety of strategies in their networking, entrepreneurship and organisational and firm development; and concludes that much more research is needed in order to provide a full understanding of Chinese business success. |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: Journey to the West (2018 Edition - PDF) Wu Cheng'en, 2018-08-14 The bestselling Journey to the West comic book by artist Chang Boon Kiat is now back in a brand new fully coloured edition. Journey to the West is one of the greatest classics in Chinese literature. It tells the epic tale of the monk Xuanzang who journeys to the West in search of the Buddhist sutras with his disciples, Sun Wukong, Sandy and Pigsy. Along the way, Xuanzang's life was threatened by the diabolical White Bone Spirit, the menacing Red Child and his fearsome parents and, a host of evil spirits who sought to devour Xuanzang's flesh to attain immortality. Bear witness to the formidable Sun Wukong's (Monkey God) prowess as he takes them on, using his Fiery Eyes, Golden Cudgel, Somersault Cloud, and quick wits! Be prepared for a galloping read that will leave you breathless! |
| oldest collection of languages spoken in china: A Collection of Voyages and Travels, Some Now First Printed from Original Manuscripts, Others Now First Published in English. In Eight Volumes Churchill, 1752 |
Mapped: The world’s oldest democracies - The World Economic …
Aug 8, 2019 · Using the above criteria, here is a list of the world’s 10 oldest democracies: Image: Visual Capitalist Using this specific criteria, there is only one country with continuous …
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Sep 28, 2023 · More than 1 in 10 people in Japan are now aged 80 or older, and the country consistently rates as having the world's oldest population. This is having a profound impact on …
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Apr 29, 2022 · At the ripe old age of 118, she sits atop the infographic below, showing the age and birthplace of the oldest living people on Earth. All women, the countries of birth most …
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Feb 22, 2023 · The number of people aged 65 and older is expected to double over the next three decades, reaching 1.6 billion in 2050. Asia is leading this trend.
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Sep 29, 2021 · It means that one Japanese person in every 1,450 is now aged over 100 – and women account for 88.4% of centenarians, including Kane Tanaka, the world’s oldest person …
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Jul 22, 2019 · Dating all the way back to the 6th century BCE, the . Imago Mundi is the oldest known world map, and it offers a unique glimpse into ancient perspectives on earth and the …
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Sep 10, 2018 · From tests to teachers, a number of simple changes have transformed Finland's education system into one of the world's most successful. Read to know them.
Mapped: The world’s oldest democracies - The World Economic …
Aug 8, 2019 · Using the above criteria, here is a list of the world’s 10 oldest democracies: Image: Visual Capitalist Using this specific criteria, there is only one country with continuous …
Impact of ageing population on Japan - The World Economic Forum
Sep 28, 2023 · More than 1 in 10 people in Japan are now aged 80 or older, and the country consistently rates as having the world's oldest population. This is having a profound impact on …
How old are the world's oldest people? - The World Economic …
Apr 29, 2022 · At the ripe old age of 118, she sits atop the infographic below, showing the age and birthplace of the oldest living people on Earth. All women, the countries of birth most …
The world's oldest populations - The World Economic Forum
Feb 22, 2023 · The number of people aged 65 and older is expected to double over the next three decades, reaching 1.6 billion in 2050. Asia is leading this trend.
This billion-year-old fungus could reveal how life migrated to land
May 28, 2019 · But, until this discovery, scientists couldn't confirm that idea because the oldest fungi fossils ever found only dated back some 400 million years. The Ourasphaira giraldae …
Lessons in longevity from Japan’s 100-year-old Okinawans | World ...
Sep 29, 2021 · It means that one Japanese person in every 1,450 is now aged over 100 – and women account for 88.4% of centenarians, including Kane Tanaka, the world’s oldest person …
This is how the world has been mapped throughout history
Jul 22, 2019 · Dating all the way back to the 6th century BCE, the . Imago Mundi is the oldest known world map, and it offers a unique glimpse into ancient perspectives on earth and the …
3 responsibilities every government has towards its citizens
Feb 13, 2017 · The oldest and simplest justification for government is as protector: protecting citizens from violence. Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan describes a world of unrelenting insecurity …
Does birth order have an effect on IQ? | World Economic Forum
Oct 27, 2015 · Now a new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and based on data from 20,000 individuals, concludes that birth order does matter …
10 reasons why Finland's education system is the best in the world
Sep 10, 2018 · From tests to teachers, a number of simple changes have transformed Finland's education system into one of the world's most successful. Read to know them.
