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| monadology leibniz: The Monadology Gottfried Wilhelm Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 2018-03-13 The Monadology (French: La Monadologie, 1714) is one of Gottfried Leibniz's best known works representing his later philosophy. It is a short text which sketches in some 90 paragraphs a metaphysics of simple substances, or monads. In it, he offers a new solution to mind and matter interaction by means of a pre-established harmony expressed as the 'Best of all possible worlds' form of optimism. |
| monadology leibniz: G. W. Leibniz's Monadology Nicholas Rescher, 2012-01-11 G.W. Leibniz’s Monadology, one of the most important pieces of the Leibniz corpus, is at once one of the great classics of modern philosophy and one of its most puzzling productions. Because the essay is written in so condensed and compact a fashion, for almost three centuries it has baffled and beguiled those who read it for the first time. Nicholas Rescher accompanies the text of the Monadology section-by-section with relevant excerpts from some of Leibniz’s widely scattered discussions of the matters at issue. The result serves a dual purpose of providing a commentary of the Monadology by Leibniz himself, while at the same time supplying an exposition of his philosophy using the Monadology as an outline. The book contains all of the materials that even the most careful study of this could text could require: a detailed overview of the philosophical background of the work and of its bibliographic ramifications; a presentation of the original French text together with a new, closely faithful English translation; a selection of other relevant Leibniz texts; and a detailed commentary. Rescher also provides a survey of Leibniz’s use of analogies and three separate indices of key terms and expressions, Leibniz’s French terminology, and citations. Rescher’s edition of the Monadology presents Leibniz’s ideas faithfully, accurately, and accessibly, making it especially valuable to scholars and students alike. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz's Monadology Lloyd Strickland, 2014-09-10 Lloyd Strickland presents a new translation of the 'Monadology', alongside key parts of the 'Theodicy', and an in-depth, section-by-section commentary that explains in detail not just what Leibniz is saying in the text but also why he says it. |
| monadology leibniz: Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Leibniz and the Monadology Anthony Savile, 2000 This GuideBook introduces and assesses Leibniz's most famous work, the Monadology. It also includes the text of the Monadology, specially translated for this GuideBook by Anthony Savile. |
| monadology leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics and the Monadology Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 2008-12-01 The impact of the work of German mathematician GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ (1646-1716) on modern science and technology is all but incalculable. His notation for infinitesimal calculus-which he developed independently of Newton-remains in use today, and his invention of binary counting is the basis for modern computing. He was a powerfully influential philosopher as well, and is still considered, alongside Descartes and Spinoza, one of the great 17th-century rationalists. Because much of Leibniz's thinking in the realm of the sciences flowed from his philosophy, understanding how he approached the natural world and humanity's place in it is vital to understanding his contributions to modern science. This edition collects two of Leibniz's foundational works, Discourse on Metaphysics and The Monadology, which expound on concepts of philosophical optimism-that we live in the best of all possible worlds-and consequently features Leibniz's thoughts on the nature of physical matter. This classic work will intrigue all students of science and philosophy. |
| monadology leibniz: The Monadology Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 2015-06-17 The Monadology is one of Gottfried Leibniz's best known works representing his later philosophy. It is a short text which sketches in some 90 paragraphs a metaphysics of simple substances, or monads. The monad, the word and the idea, belongs to the western philosophical tradition and has been used by various authors. Leibniz, who was exceptionally well read, could not have ignored this, but he did not use it himself until mid-1696 when he was sending for print his New System. Apparently he found with it a convenient way to expose his own philosophy as it was elaborated in this period. What he proposed can be seen as a modification of occasionalism developed by latter-day Cartesians. Leibniz surmised that there are indefinitely many substances individually 'programmed' to act in a predetermined way, each program being coordinated with all the others. This is the pre-established harmony which solved the mind body problem at the cost of declaring any interaction between substances a mere appearance, something which Leibniz accepted. Indeed it was space itself which became an appearance as in his system there was no need for distinguishing inside from outside. True substances were explained as metaphysical points which, Leibniz asserted, are both real and exact - mathematical points being exact but not real and physical ones being real but not exact. Clearly, besides metaphysics, the developing of calculus had also provided some grounds for seeking universal elementary constituents. At the empirical level, use of the microscope also corroborated Leibniz's view. Scientists have had great difficulties over the origin of forms, entelechies or souls notes 74 of The Monadology while displaying his synonyms for monad. |
| monadology leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics , 2021-09-09 |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz: Body, Substance, Monad Daniel Garber, 2009-07-09 Daniel Garber presents a study of Leibniz's conception of the physical world, elucidating his puzzling metaphysics of monads, mind-like simple substances. Tracing the development of Leibniz's thought, Garber shows how dealing with problems about the physical world led him to a world of animate creatures, and finally to a world of monads. |
| monadology leibniz: Monadology and Other Philosophical Essays Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, Anne Schrecker, 1965 |
| monadology leibniz: The Monadology Gottfried Leibniz, 2016-10-20 Leibniz's Monadology provides a concise exposition of the central concept of his metaphysics: the Monad (from Greek monas, unit).----The present volume includes a side-by-side presentation of the original French (drawn from the Nolen edition of 1881) and an English translation (adapted from the translation of Frederic Henry Hedge, from The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, Vol. I, No. 3 (1867).----The philosophical use of the term Monad originated with Pythagoras, where it informed the basis of his numerical philosophy. The idea has come down through the centuries, in one form or another, as a core tenet of idealistic philosophy or spirituality. Leibniz adopted the term in his own explorations, where he determined that the only real beings are what he called simple substances, of which all compound bodies or beings are but aggregates. He himself briefly explains, thus:I do not eliminate body, but reduce it to what it is, for I show that corporeal mass . . . is not a substance, but a phenomenon resulting from simple substances, which alone have unity and absolute reality.According to Leibniz there can be but one ultimate cosmic reality or Monad, the universe; but he recognizes an innumerable multiplicity of monads which pervade the universe, copies or reflections of the universal monad regarded as real except in their relation to the universal monad. He divides his derivative monads into three classes: rational souls; sentient but irrational monads; and material monads, or organic and inorganic bodies. As regards the material monads, while recognizing that corporeal matter is compound, and the attributes by which we perceive it unreal, unlike Berkeley, he does not deny its existence but regards it essentially as monadic. Thus his universe is an aggregate of individuals. The relations of these individuals to each other and to the universal is a supreme harmony, implying both individuality and coordination, thus reconciling the antinomy of bonds of law and freedom. The interrelations of various groups of monads is as a series of hierarchies. (Theos. Encycl. Gloss.)The Monad, and monads, holds also a central place in modern Theosophical philosophy, where an attempt is made to rectify some philosophical and metaphysical faults in Leibniz's approach. The interested student may find much of interest on the topic in H. P. Blavatsky's The Secret Doctrine (1888), in particular the section titled Gods, Monads, and Atoms, vol. I, pp. 610 etc. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz's Metaphysics Catherine Wilson, 2015-12-08 This study of the metaphysics of G. W. Leibniz gives a clear picture of his philosophical development within the general scheme of seventeenth-century natural philosophy. Catherine Wilson examines the shifts in Leibniz's thinking as he confronted the major philosophical problems of his era. Beginning with his interest in artificial languages and calculi for proof and discovery, the author proceeds to an examination of Leibniz’s early theories of matter and motion, to the phenomenalistic turn in his theory of substance and his subsequent de-emphasis of logical determinism, and finally to his doctrines of harmony and optimization. Specific attention is given to Leibniz’s understanding of Descartes and his successors, Malebranche and Spinoza, and the English philosophers Newton, Cudworth, and Locke. Wilson analyzes Leibniz’s complex response to the new mechanical philosophy, his discontent with the foundations on which it rested, and his return to the past to locate the resources for reconstructing it. She argues that the continuum-problem is the key to an understanding not only of Leibniz’s monadology but also of his views on the substantiality of the self and the impossibility of external causal influence. A final chapter considers the problem of Leibniz-reception in the post-Kantian era, and the difficulty of coming to terms with a metaphysics that is not only philosophically critical but, at the same time, “compensatory.” Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| monadology leibniz: G.W. Leibniz's Monadology Nicholas Rescher, 2014-02-04 G.W. Leibniz's Monadology , one of the most important pieces of the Leibniz corpus, is at once one of the great classics of modern philosophy and one of its most puzzling productions. Because the essay is written in so condensed and compact a fashion, for almost three centuries it has baffled and beguiled those who have read it for the first time. Nicholas Rescher accompanies the text of the Monadology section-by-section with relevant excerpts from other Leibnizian writings. Using these brief sections as an outline, Rescher collects together some of Leibniz's widely scattered discussions of the matters at issue. The result serves a dual purpose of providing a commentary on the Monadology by Leibniz himself, while at the same time supplying an exposition of his philosophy using the Monadology as an outline. |
| monadology leibniz: Monadologies Jeremy Dunham, Pauline Phemister, 2018-10-29 According to the received view, Kant’s critical revolution put an end to the kind of metaphysics of which Leibniz’s ‘Monadology’ is the example par excellence. This volume challenges Kant’s claim by providing a far more nuanced version of philosophy’s ‘post-Kantian’ tradition that spans from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth century and brings to light a rich tradition of new ‘monadologists’, many of whom have been unjustifiably forgotten by contemporary historians of philosophy. Through this complex dialogue, monadology is shown to be a remarkably fecund hypothesis, with many possible variations and developments. The volume’s focus on monadology exposes the depth and breadth of the post-Kantian period in an original and previously unexplored way and opens up numerous avenues for future research. Crucially, however, this volume not only shows that monadological metaphysics did continue after Kant but also asks the critical question of whether it should have done so. Consequently, the question of whether monadological metaphysics could also have a future is shown to be relevant in a way that was previously almost inconceivable. This book was originally published as a special issue of the British Journal for the History of Philosophy. |
| monadology leibniz: The Political Writings of Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Liebniz (Freiherr von), 1972 |
| monadology leibniz: The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz Nicholas Jolley, 1994-10-28 Gottfried Leibniz was a remarkable thinker who made fundamental contributions not only to philosophy, but also to the development of modern mathematics and science. At the centre of Leibniz's philosophy stands his metaphysics, an ambitious attempt to discover the nature of reality through the use of unaided reason. This volume provides a systematic and comprehensive account of the full range of Leibniz's thought, exploring the metaphysics in detail and showing its subtle and complex relationship to his views on logic, language, physics, and theology. Other chapters examine the intellectual context of his thought and its reception in the eighteenth century. New readers and nonspecialists will find this the most accessible and comprehensive guide to Leibniz currently available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of Leibniz. |
| monadology leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1902 I flatter myself that I have learned something by following in the tracks of Plato and others, and have reached, in one way at least, the serene temples erected by the teachings of the wise. These temples are built on a foundation of general truths which do not depend on facts and yet, as I see it, form the key to the knowledge which passes judgment on facts...I have always striven to uncover the truth that lies buried under and dispersed among the various philosophical schools, and to bring it into harmony with itself. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz Nicholas Jolley, 2005 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was hailed as one of the supreme intellects of all time. A towering figure in seventeenth-century philosophy, his complex thought has been championed and satirized in equal measure, most famously in Voltaire's Candide. Jolley introduces Leibniz's theories of mind, knowledge, and innate ideas, showing how Leibniz anticipated the distinction between conscious and unconscious states, before examining his theory of free will and the problem of evil. An important feature of the book is its introduction to Leibniz's moral and political philosophy. |
| monadology leibniz: The Monadology and Other Philosophical Writings Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1925 |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz , 1972 |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz's Metaphysics Christia Mercer, 2001-11-19 Christia Mercer analyses Leibniz's early works, demonstrating that the metaphysics of pre-established harmony developed many years earlier than previously believed. A much deeper understanding of some of Leibniz's key doctrines emerges, which will prompt scholars to reconsider their basic assumptions about early modern philosophy and science. |
| monadology leibniz: Philosophical Essays , 1780 |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings Paul Lodge, Lloyd Strickland, 2020-10-15 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) is one of the most important and influential philosophers of the modern period. He offered a wealth of original ideas in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and philosophical theology, among them his signature doctrines on substance and monads, pre-established harmony, and optimism. This volume contains introductory chapters on eleven of Leibniz's key philosophical writings, from youthful works (Confessio philosophi, De summa rerum), seminal middle-period writings (Discourse on Metaphysics, New System), to masterpieces of his maturity (Monadology, Discourse on the Natural Theology of the Chinese). It also covers his two main philosophical books (New Essays on Human Understanding and Theodicy), and three of his most important philosophical correspondences with Antoine Arnauld, Burcher De Volder, and Samuel Clarke. Written by internationally-renowned experts on Leibniz, the chapters offer clear, accessible accounts of the ideas and arguments of these key writings, along with valuable information about their composition and context. By focusing on the primary texts, they enable readers to attain a solid understanding of what each text says and why, and give them the confidence to read the texts themselves. Offering a detailed and chronological view of Leibniz's philosophy and its development through some of his most important writings, this volume is an invaluable guide for those encountering Leibniz for the first time. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz and the Structure of Sciences Vincenzo De Risi, 2020-01-01 The book offers a collection of essays on various aspects of Leibniz’s scientific thought, written by historians of science and world-leading experts on Leibniz. The essays deal with a vast array of topics on the exact sciences: Leibniz’s logic, mereology, the notion of infinity and cardinality, the foundations of geometry, the theory of curves and differential geometry, and finally dynamics and general epistemology. Several chapters attempt a reading of Leibniz’s scientific works through modern mathematical tools, and compare Leibniz’s results in these fields with 19th- and 20th-Century conceptions of them. All of them have special care in framing Leibniz’s work in historical context, and sometimes offer wider historical perspectives that go much beyond Leibniz’s researches. A special emphasis is given to effective mathematical practice rather than purely epistemological thought. The book is addressed to all scholars of the exact sciences who have an interest in historical research and Leibniz in particular, and may be useful to historians of mathematics, physics, and epistemology, mathematicians with historical interests, and philosophers of science at large. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz’s Legacy and Impact Julia Weckend, Lloyd Strickland, 2019-08-19 This volume tells the story of the legacy and impact of the great German polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Leibniz made significant contributions to many areas, including philosophy, mathematics, political and social theory, theology, and various sciences. The essays in this volume explores the effects of Leibniz’s profound insights on subsequent generations of thinkers by tracing the ways in which his ideas have been defended and developed in the three centuries since his death. Each of the 11 essays is concerned with Leibniz’s legacy and impact in a particular area, and between them they show not just the depth of Leibniz’s talents but also the extent to which he shaped the various domains to which he contributed, and in some cases continues to shape them today. With essays written by experts such as Nicholas Jolley, Pauline Phemister, and Philip Beeley, this volume is essential reading not just for students of Leibniz but also for those who wish to understand the game-changing impact made by one of history’s true universal geniuses. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz Donald Rutherford, J. A. Cover, 2005-03-17 The revival of Leibniz studies in the past twenty-five years has cast important new light on both the context and content of Leibniz's philosophical thought. Where earlier English-language scholarship understood Leibniz's philosophy as issuing from his preoccupations with logic and language, recent work has recommended an account on which theological, ethical, and metaphysical themes figure centrally in Leibniz's thought throughout his career. The significance of these themes to the development of Leibniz's philosophy is the subject of increasing attention by philosophers and historians. This collection of new essays by a distinguished group of scholars offers an up-to-date overview of the current state of Leibniz research. In focusing on nature and freedom, the volume revisits two key topics in Leibniz's thought, on which he engaged both contemporary and historical arguments. Important contributions to Leibniz scholarship in their own right, these articles collectively provide readers a framework in which to better situate Leibniz's distinctive philosophy of nature and the congenial home for a morally significant freedom that he took it to provide. |
| monadology leibniz: G.W. Leibniz's Monadology Nicholas Rescher, 2014-02-04 First published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz Irena Backus, 2016-03-31 Irena Backus offers the first study in over four hundred years that characterizes Leibniz as both scholar and theologian. She explores his treatment of the key theological issues of his time-predestination, sacred history, the Eucharist, efforts for a union between Lutherans and members of other Christian traditions-illuminating his unique integration of theology into philosophy. Drawing on a wide range of Leibniz's writings, Backus carefully examines the philosophical points and counterpoints of his positions. She shows how Leibniz's Lutheran theology was reconciled with his philosophy, and demonstrates that the solutions he sought to the problems of confessional division were more philosophical than theological. Despite his attempts to merge the two fields, Backus reveals, many of Leibniz's ideas were met with resistance by both theologians and philosophers of his time. Using a wealth of previously unexplored material, Backus also includes the first-ever English translation of the Unvorgreiffliches Bedencken. This study will be an important contribution to the history of ideas, and to understanding Leibniz's place in the mainstream Protestant theology of his time. |
| monadology leibniz: Monadology and Sociology Gabriel de Tarde, 2011 |
| monadology leibniz: Philosophical Texts Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1998 The Oxford Philosophical Texts series consists of authoritative teaching editions of canonical texts in the History of Philosophy from the ancient world down to modern times. Each volume, issued in a uniform and affordable paperback format, provides a clear, well laid out text together with acomprehensive introduction by a leading specialist, giving the student detailed critical guidance on the intellectual context of the work and the structure and philosophical importance of the main arguments. Endnotes are supplied to expand further on the arguments and explain unfamiliar referencesand terminology, and a full bibliography and index are also included. The series aims to build up a definitive corpus of key texts in the Western philosophical tradition, which will form a reliable and enduring resource for students and teachers alike. This volume contains Leibniz's most important texts, starting with the Discourse on Metaphysics (1686), which marks the beginning of maturity in Leibniz's ideas, and ending with the Monadology (1714), written in response to requests for a systematic, organized account of his overall philosophy. Inbetween fall other key works including the New System of Nature (1695), the Specimen of Dynamics (1695), Nature Itself (1698), and the Principles of Nature and Grace (1714). Also included in the volume are critical reactions to the Discourse and the New System by Leibniz's contemporaries, AntoineArnauld, Pierre Bayle, and Simon Foucher, together with Leibniz's responses. All the texts are newly translated into English for this edition, and each is preceded by a summary explaining its background, structure, and content. Also containing a substantial introduction, notes, and bibliography, the volume offers a comprehensive introduction to Leibniz's philosophy. |
| monadology leibniz: Discourse on Metaphysics Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1927 |
| monadology leibniz: The Rationalists Rene Descartes, Benedict de Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz, 2011-04-13 Founded in the mid-17th century, Rationalism was philosophy's first step into the modern era. This volume contains the essential statements of Rationalism's three greatest figures: Descartes, who began it; Spinoza, who epitomized it; and Leibniz, who gave it its last serious expression. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz Re-interpreted Lloyd Strickland, 2006-04-24 Leibniz Reinterpreted tackles head on the central idea in Leibniz's philosophy, namely that we live in the best of all possible worlds. Strickland argues that Leibniz's theory has been consistently misunderstood by previous commentators. In the process Strickland provides both an elucidation and reinterpretation of a number of concepts central to Leibniz's work, such as 'richness', 'simplicity', 'harmony' and 'incompossibility', and shows where previous attempts to explain these concepts have failed. This clear and concise study is tightly focussed and assumes no prior acquaintance with Leibniz or optimism. It thus serves as an ideal entry point into Leibniz's philosophy. |
| monadology leibniz: Essays on Gödel’s Reception of Leibniz, Husserl, and Brouwer Mark van Atten, 2016-09-22 This volume tackles Gödel's two-stage project of first using Husserl's transcendental phenomenology to reconstruct and develop Leibniz' monadology, and then founding classical mathematics on the metaphysics thus obtained. The author analyses the historical and systematic aspects of that project, and then evaluates it, with an emphasis on the second stage. The book is organised around Gödel's use of Leibniz, Husserl and Brouwer. Far from considering past philosophers irrelevant to actual systematic concerns, Gödel embraced the use of historical authors to frame his own philosophical perspective. The philosophies of Leibniz and Husserl define his project, while Brouwer's intuitionism is its principal foil: the close affinities between phenomenology and intuitionism set the bar for Gödel's attempt to go far beyond intuitionism. The four central essays are `Monads and sets', `On the philosophical development of Kurt Gödel', `Gödel and intuitionism', and `Construction and constitution in mathematics'. The first analyses and criticises Gödel's attempt to justify, by an argument from analogy with the monadology, the reflection principle in set theory. It also provides further support for Gödel's idea that the monadology needs to be reconstructed phenomenologically, by showing that the unsupplemented monadology is not able to found mathematics directly. The second studies Gödel's reading of Husserl, its relation to Leibniz' monadology, and its influence on his publishe d writings. The third discusses how on various occasions Brouwer's intuitionism actually inspired Gödel's work, in particular the Dialectica Interpretation. The fourth addresses the question whether classical mathematics admits of the phenomenological foundation that Gödel envisaged, and concludes that it does not. The remaining essays provide further context. The essays collected here were written and published over the last decade. Notes have been added to record further thoughts, changes of mind, connections between the essays, and updates of references. |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Fre, 2014-08-07 This Is A New Release Of The Original 1898 Edition. |
| monadology leibniz: The Monadology and Other Philosophical Writings Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1951 |
| monadology leibniz: Monadology, and Other Philosophical Essays Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, 1965 |
| monadology leibniz: Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings Paul Lodge, Lloyd Strickland, 2020 This volume presents introductory chapters from internationally-renowned experts on eleven of Leibniz's key philosophical writings. Offering accessible accounts of the ideas and arguments of his work, along with information on their composition and context, this book is an invaluable companion to the study of Leibniz. |
| monadology leibniz: Correspondence Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz, Samuel Clarke, 2000-01-01 For this new edition, Roger Ariew has adapted Samuel Clarke's edition of 1717, modernizing it to reflect contemporary English usage. Ariew's introduction places the correspondence in historical context and discusses the vibrant philosophical climate of the times. Appendices provide those selections from the works of Newton that Clarke frequently refers to in the correspondence. A bibliography is also included. |
| monadology leibniz: XXXXX Xxxxx, Martin Howse, 2006 xxxxx proposes a radical, new space for artistic exploration, with essential contributions from a diverse range of artists, theorists, and scientists. Combining intense background material, code listings, screenshots, new translation, [the] xxxxx [reader] functions as both guide and manifesto for a thought movement which is radically opposed to entropic contemporary economies. xxxxx traces a clear line across eccentric and wide ranging texts under the rubric of life coding which can well be contrasted with the death drive of cynical economy with roots in rationalism and enlightenment thought. Such philosophy, world as machine, informs its own deadly flipside embedded within language and technology. xxxxx totally unpicks this hiroshimic engraving, offering an dandyish alternative by way of deep examination of software and substance. Life coding is primarily active, subsuming deprecated psychogeography in favour of acute wonderland technology, wary of any assumed transparency. Texts such as Endonomadology, a text from celebrated biochemist and chaos theory pioneer Otto E. Roessler, who features heavily throughout this intense volume, make plain the sadistic nature and active legacy of rationalist thought. At the same time, through the science of endophysics, a physics from the inside elaborated here, a delicate theory of the world as interface is proposed. xxxxx is very much concerned with the joyful elaboration of a new real; software-led propositions which are active and constructive in eviscerating contemporary economic culture. xxxxx embeds Perl Routines to Manipulate London, by way of software artist and Mongrel Graham Harwood, a Universal Dovetailer in the Lisp language from AI researcher Bruno Marchal rewriting the universe as code, and self explanatory Pornographic Coding from plagiarist and author Stewart Home and code art guru Florian Cramer. Software is treated as magical, electromystical, contrasting with the tedious GUI desktop applications and user-led drudgery expressed within a vast ghost-authored literature which merely serves to rehearse again and again the demands of industry and economy. Key texts, which well explain the magic and sheer art of programming for the absolute beginner are published here. Software subjugation is made plain within the very title of media theorist Friedrich Kittler's essay Protected Mode, published in this volume. Media, technology and destruction are further elaborated across this work in texts such as War.pl, Media and Drugs in Pynchon's Second World War, again from Kittler, and Simon Ford's elegant take on J.G Ballard's crashed cars exhibition of 1970, A Psychopathic Hymn. Software and its expansion stand in obvious relation to language. Attacking transparency means examining the prison cell or virus of language; life coding as William Burrough's cutup. And perhaps the most substantial and thorough-going examination is put forward by daring Vienna actionist Oswald Wiener in his Notes on the Concept of the Bio-adapter which has been thankfully unearthed here. Equally, Olga Goriunova's extensive examination of a new Russian literary trend, the online male literature of udaff.com provides both a reexamination of culture and language, and an example of the diversity of xxxxx; a diversity well reflected in background texts ranging across subjects such as Leibniz' monadology, the ur-crash of supreme flaneur Thomas de Quincey and several rewritings of the forensic model of Jack the Ripper thanks to Stewart Home and Martin Howse. xxxxx liberates software from the machinic, and questions the transparency of language, proposing a new world view, a sheer electromysticism which is well explained with reference to the works of Thomas Pynchon in Friedrich Kittler's essay, translated for the first time into English, which closes xxxxx. Further contributors include Hal Abelson, Leif Elggren, Jonathan Kemp, Aymeric Mansoux, and socialfiction.org. |
| monadology leibniz: Theodicy Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 2020-05-15 Theodicy is a book of philosophy by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz published in 1710, whose optimistic approach to the problem of evil is thought to have inspired Voltaire's Candide. Much of the work consists of a response to the ideas of the French philosopher Pierre Bayle, with whom Leibniz carried on a debate for many years. The Theodicy tries to justify the apparent imperfections of the world by claiming that it is optimal among all possible worlds. It must be the best possible and most balanced world, because it was created by an all powerful and all knowing God, who would not choose to create an imperfect world if a better world could be known to him or possible to exist. In effect, apparent flaws that can be identified in this world must exist in every possible world, because otherwise God would have chosen to create the world that excluded those flaws. Leibniz distinguishes three forms of evil: moral, physical, and metaphysical. Moral evil is sin, physical evil is pain, and metaphysical evil is limitation. God permits moral and physical evil for the sake of greater goods, and metaphysical evil is unavoidable since any created universe must necessarily fall short of God's absolute perfection. |
Monadology - Wikipedia
The Monadology (French: La Monadologie, 1714) is one of Gottfried Leibniz 's best known works of his later philosophy. It is a short text which presents, in some 90 paragraphs, a …
The Monadology (1714), by Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNI…
The Monadology by Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNIZ _____ English translation by Robert Latta, 1898. _____ 1. The Monad, of which we shall here speak, is nothing but a simple substance, which enters …
Leiniz's Monadology - Marxists Internet Archive
The monad, of which we will speak here, is nothing else than a simple substance, which goes to make up compounds; by simple, we mean without parts. 2. There must be …
What Is A Monad? Leibniz’s Monadology | Epoché Maga…
Leibniz’s Monadology is a wild text. Famously in it he argues that everything is monads, more or less. But what does that mean? I want to here trace a line through the text and hopefully make …
Leibniz’s Monadology: Summary and Key Concepts
Jun 8, 2023 · The Monadology outlines Leibniz’s understanding of the nature of reality, the existence of individual substances, and the interconnectedness of all things. In …
Monadology - Wikipedia
The Monadology (French: La Monadologie, 1714) is one of Gottfried Leibniz 's best known works of his later philosophy. It is a short text which presents, in some 90 paragraphs, a metaphysics …
The Monadology (1714), by Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNIZ
The Monadology by Gottfried Wilhelm LEIBNIZ _____ English translation by Robert Latta, 1898. _____ 1. The Monad, of which we shall here speak, is nothing but a simple substance, which …
Leiniz's Monadology - Marxists Internet Archive
The monad, of which we will speak here, is nothing else than a simple substance, which goes to make up compounds; by simple, we mean without parts. 2. There must be simple substances …
What Is A Monad? Leibniz’s Monadology | Epoché Magazine
Leibniz’s Monadology is a wild text. Famously in it he argues that everything is monads, more or less. But what does that mean? I want to here trace a line through the text and hopefully make …
Leibniz’s Monadology: Summary and Key Concepts
Jun 8, 2023 · The Monadology outlines Leibniz’s understanding of the nature of reality, the existence of individual substances, and the interconnectedness of all things. In this essay, we …
“Monadology” - University of California, San Diego
Leibniz began work on the “Monadology” in the summer of 1714, while on an extended visit to Vienna. Its composition was prompted by the entreaties of Nicolas Remond for further details …
Leibniz’s Monadology: Summary - philosophers.world
Leibniz's Monadology, written in 1714, was originally composed in French. Leibniz defines monads as the fundamental units of nature, the simple substances that compose the world.
Leibniz's Monadology: A New Translation And Guide on JSTOR
Leibniz begins with a definition of the monad: a simple substance which enters into compounds. The notion of substance is a very rich metaphysical category which has its roots in the writings …
Monadology Summary - eNotes.com
Complete summary of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's Monadology. eNotes plot summaries cover all the significant action of Monadology.
The “Monadology” | Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings: A ...
Nov 19, 2020 · In just 90 numbered paragraphs, Leibniz outlines—and argues for—the core features of his system, starting with his famous doctrine of monads (simple substances) and …
