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| mongol empire at its height: The Mongol Empire and its Legacy Morgan, Reuven Amitai-Preiss, 2021-08-04 The Mongol empire was founded early in the 13th century by Chinggis Khan and within the span of two generations embraced most of Asia, becoming the largest land-based state in history. The united empire lasted only until around 1260, but the major successor states continued on in the Middle East, present day Russia, Central Asia and China for generations, leaving a lasting impact - much of which was far from negative - on these areas and their peoples. The papers in this volume present new perspectives on the establishment of the Mongol empire, Mongol rule in the eastern Islamic world, Central Asia and China, and the legacy of this rule. The various authors approach these subjects from the view of political, military, social, cultural and intellectual history. This publication has also been published in paperback, please click here for details. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongol Empire Timothy May, 2018 This book explores the rise and establishment of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan, as well as its expansion and evolution under his successors. It also examines the successor states (Ilkhanate, Chaghatayid Khanate, the Jochid Ulus (Golden Horde), and the Yuan Empire) from the dissolution of the empire in 1260 to the end of each state. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Legacy of Genghis Khan Linda Komaroff, Stefano Carboni, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 2002 Komaroff (curator of Islamic Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art) and Carboni (curator of Islamic Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art) produced this fine catalog to accompany a major show of Ilkhanid (as the Mongol dynasty was called after conversion to Islam) art exhibited at the authors' museums in New York and Los Angeles in 2002-2003. Most of the manuscripts, metalwork, textiles, ceramics, and other finely decorated objects were created in Iran. Many objects are also included from the Yuan Dynasty in China, during which the Mongols ruled. Eight full-length essays are built around the objects of the exhibition and other works, all depicted in color. The essays describe the history, culture, courtly life, artistic exchanges, religious art, arts of the book, and creation of a new visual language. Distributed by Yale U. Press. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire William W. Fitzhugh, Morris Rossabi, William Honeychurch, 2013 Accessible scholarly treatment of Mongol history for the wider public, offering a comprehensive view from pre-historic times to the modern age. |
| mongol empire at its height: In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson, 2020 Memories of the Mongol Empire loomed large in fourteenth-century Eurasia. Robinson explores how Ming China exploited these memories for its own purposes. |
| mongol empire at its height: Russia and the Golden Horde Charles J. Halperin, 1987-07-22 This revelatory study of Russian medieval history and the age of Mongolian conquest “infuses the subject with fresh insights and interpretations” (History). In the 13th century, a Mongolian confederation known as The Golden Horde dominated a vast region including Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and the Caucuses. Though it would hold power into the 15th century, the influence of the Mongolian Empire on Russian history and culture has been all but ignored. Only in recent years have historians, archeologists, and philologists started to shed much needed light on this significant period of Mongol rule. In this enlightening new study, historian Charles Halperin assesses these recent findings to provide a comprehensive view of this chapter in Russian medieval history, offering a new interpretation of what role the Mongols played in the story of Russia. A Selection of the History Book Club “Combining rigorous analysis of the major scholarly findings with his own research, Halperin has produced both a much-needed synthesis and an important original work. –Library Journal |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongol Empire Michael Prawdin, 2017-09-29 In his prologue to The Mongol Empire, Michael Prawdin sets the stage for the last and mightiest onslaught of the nomads upon the civilized world. He tells of the many rejoicings in Europe over the successes of the Crusaders in A.D. 1221. But little did Europe know that two decades later, the Mongol hordes organized by Genghis Khan would turn the Middle East into a heap of ruins and spread terror throughout the West. A work of enduring scholarship and literary excellence, The Mongol Empire is a classic on the rise and fall of the world's largest empire. It describes the incredible ascent of the Mongol people, which, through the political and military genius of Genghis Khan, overwhelmed and subdued the nations of most of the world. It demonstrates the transformation of barbarous nomads into the most efficient rulers of their time and describes the crumbling of their vast empire and the assumption of its legacy by the formerly subjugated China and Russia. Maurice Collis in Time and Tide said of The Mongol Empire: It has the rare merit of being both scholarly and exciting...The entire world comes on to his canvas, romantic and fantastical persons pass in our view, and at the conclusion we realize that we have seen the whole of what Marco Polo saw only in part. while The Observer commented, it is a fine book, full of dramatic occasion well used, clear in proportions. |
| mongol empire at its height: A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Volume II David Christian, 2018-03-12 Provides an all-encompassing look at the history of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia Beginning with the breakup of the Mongol Empire in the mid-thirteenth century, Volume II of this comprehensive work covers the remarkable history of “Inner Eurasia,” from 1260 up to modern times, completing the story begun in Volume I. Volume II describes how agriculture spread through Inner Eurasia, providing the foundations for new agricultural states, including the Russian Empire. It focuses on the idea of “mobilization”—the distinctive ways in which elite groups mobilized resources from their populations, and how those methods were shaped by the region’s distinctive ecology, which differed greatly from that of “Outer Eurasia,” the southern half of Eurasia and the part of Eurasia most studied by historians. This work also examines how fossil fuels created a bonanza of energy that helped shape the history of the Communist world during much of the twentieth century. Filled with figures, maps, and tables to help give readers a fuller understanding of what has transpired over 750 years in this distinctive world region, A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia: Volume II: Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260-2000 is a magisterial but accessible account of this area’s past, that will offer readers new insights into the history of an often misunderstood part of the world. Situates the histories of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia within the larger narrative of world history Concentrates on the idea of Inner Eurasia as a coherent ecological and geographical zone Focuses on the powerful ways in which the region’s geography shaped its history Places great emphasis on how “mobilization” played a major part in the development of the regions Offers a distinctive interpretation of modernity that highlights the importance of fossil fuels Offers new ways of understanding the Soviet era A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia: Volume II is an ideal book for general audiences and for use in undergraduate and graduate courses in world history. The Blackwell History of the World Series The goal of this ambitious series is to provide an accessible source of knowledge about the entire human past, for every curious person in every part of the world. It will comprise some two dozen volumes, of which some provide synoptic views of the history of particular regions while others consider the world as a whole during a particular period of time. The volumes are narrative in form, giving balanced attention to social and cultural history (in the broadest sense) as well as to institutional development and political change. Each provides a systematic account of a very large subject, but they are also both imaginative and interpretative. The Series is intended to be accessible to the widest possible readership, and the accessibility of its volumes is matched by the style of presentation and production. |
| mongol empire at its height: A Short History of the Mongols George Lane, 2018-01-25 The Mongol Empire was the mightiest land empire the world has ever seen. At its height it was twice the size of its Roman equivalent. For a remarkable century and a half it commanded a population of 100 million people, while the rule of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan marched undefeated from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea. George Lane argues that the Mongols were not only subjugators who swept all before them but one of the great organising forces of world history. His book traces the rise of the Great Khan in 1206 to the dissolution of the empire in 1368 by the Ming Dynasty. He discusses the unification of the Turko-Mongol tribes under Chinggis' leadership; the establishment of a vigorous imperium whose Pax Mongolica held mastery over the Central Asian steppes; imaginative policies of religious pluralism; and the rich legacy of the Toluid Empire of Yuan China and Ilkhanate Iran. Offering a bold and sympathetic understanding of Mongol history, the author shows that commercial expansion, cultural assimilation and dynamic political growth were as crucial to Mongol success as desire for conquest. |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World Jack Weatherford, 2005-03-22 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The startling true history of how one extraordinary man from a remote corner of the world created an empire that led the world into the modern age—by the author featured in Echoes of the Empire: Beyond Genghis Khan. The Mongol army led by Genghis Khan subjugated more lands and people in twenty-five years than the Romans did in four hundred. In nearly every country the Mongols conquered, they brought an unprecedented rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and a blossoming of civilization. Vastly more progressive than his European or Asian counterparts, Genghis Khan abolished torture, granted universal religious freedom, and smashed feudal systems of aristocratic privilege. From the story of his rise through the tribal culture to the explosion of civilization that the Mongol Empire unleashed, this brilliant work of revisionist history is nothing less than the epic story of how the modern world was made. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongol Conquests in World History Timothy May, 2013-02-15 The Mongol Empire can be seen as marking the beginning of the modern age, and of globalization as well. While communications between the extremes of Eurasia existed prior to the Mongols, they were infrequent and often through intermediaries. As this new book by Timothy May shows, the rise of the Mongol Empire changed everything—through their conquests the Mongols swept away dozens of empires and kingdoms and replaced them with the largest contiguous empire in history. While the Mongols were an extremely destructive force in the premodern world, the Mongol Empire had stabilizing effects on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast territory, allowing merchants and missionaries to transverse Eurasia. The Mongol Conquests in World History examines the many ways in which the conquests were a catalyst for change, including changes and advancements in warfare, food, culture, and scientific knowledge. Even as Mongol power declined, the memory of the Empire fired the collective imagination of the region into far-reaching endeavors, such as the desire for luxury goods and spices that launched Columbus’s voyage and the innovations in art that were manifested in the masterpieces of the Renaissance. This fascinating book offers comprehensive coverage of the entire empire, rather than a more regional approach, and provides an extensive survey of the legacy of the Mongol Empire. |
| mongol empire at its height: Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia Michal Biran, Jonathan Brack, Francesca Fiaschetti, 2020-07-28 During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Chinggis Khan and his heirs established the largest contiguous empire in the history of the world, extending from Korea to Hungary and from Iraq, Tibet, and Burma to Siberia. Ruling over roughly two thirds of the Old World, the Mongol Empire enabled people, ideas, and objects to traverse immense geographical and cultural boundaries. Along the Silk Roads in Mongol Eurasia reveals the individual stories of three key groups of people—military commanders, merchants, and intellectuals—from across Eurasia. These annotated biographies bring to the fore a compelling picture of the Mongol Empire from a wide range of historical sources in multiple languages, providing important insights into a period unique for its rapid and far-reaching transformations. Read together or separately, they offer the perfect starting point for any discussion of the Mongol Empire’s impact on China, the Muslim world, and the West and illustrate the scale, diversity, and creativity of the cross-cultural exchange along the continental and maritime Silk Roads. Features and Benefits: Synthesizes historical information from Chinese, Arabic, Persian, and Latin sources that are otherwise inaccessible to English-speaking audiences. Presents in an accessible manner individual life stories that serve as a springboard for discussing themes such as military expansion, cross-cultural contacts, migration, conversion, gender, diplomacy, transregional commercial networks, and more. Each chapter includes a bibliography to assist students and instructors seeking to further explore the individuals and topics discussed. Informative maps, images, and tables throughout the volume supplement each biography. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongols W. B. Bartlett, 2009-04-15 A narrative history of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Genghis Khan c.1167 to the demise of the Golden Horde in 1510, the effective end of the Mongol Empire. |
| mongol empire at its height: Storm from the East Robert Marshall, 2022-06-13 The greatest conquest in history Genghis Khan left an empire more than twice the size of Alexander’s: his successors went on to conquer and govern an area stretching from Korea to the River Danube. How did a band of nomadic herdsmen achieve so much, so fast? Despite these stunning achievements, many writers dismiss the Mongols as just ferocious barbarians. This bestselling book sets the record straight. The epic starts in 1206 - when Genghis became master of ‘all the people with felt tents’ and an unknown tribe took the first steps towards world domination - and ends with the empire’s decline and fall, after Khubilai Khan’s triumphant unification with China. Robert Marshall describes their devastating invasions, including that of feudal Europe and Christendom’s clumsy attempts to understand and fend off these legendary warriors. Full of extraordinary events, painted on a vast and colourful canvas, Storm from the East brings to life a time when East and West finally came face to face and the contours of modern Asia were set. ‘Storm from the East does not seek to excuse Mongol excesses - yet Robert Marshall appears to speak for the Mongols... A fascinating voyage through time and space’ Thomas Nivison Haining in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |
| mongol empire at its height: Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran Michael Hope (College teacher), 2016 This study provides a new interpretation of how political authority was conceived and transmitted in the Early Mongol Empire (1227-1259) and its successor state in the Middle East, the Ikhanate (1258-1335). Authority within the Mongol Empire was intimately tied to the character of its founder, Chinggis Khan, whose reign served as an idealized model for the exercise of legitimate authority amongst his political successors. Yet Chinggis Khan's legacy was interpreted differently by the various factions within his army. In the years after his death, two distinct political traditions emerged within the Mongol Empire, the collegial and the patrimonialist. Each of these streams represented the economic and political interests of different groups within the Mongol Empire, respectively, the military aristocracy and the central government. The supporters of both streams claimed to adhere to the ideal of Chinggisid rule, but their different statuses within the Mongol community led them to hold divergent views of what constituted legitimate political authority. Michael Hope's study details the origin of, and the differences between, these two streams of tradition; analyzing the role that these streams played in the political development of the Mongol Empire and the lkhanate; and assessing the role that ideological tension between the two streams played in the events leading up to the division of the Ilkhanate. Hope demonstrates that the policy and identity of both the Early Mongol Empire and the Ilkhanate were defined by the conflict between these competing streams of Chinggisid authority. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Cambridge History of War: Volume 2, War and the Medieval World David A. Graff, 2020-10-01 Volume II of The Cambridge History of War covers what in Europe is commonly called 'the Middle Ages'. It includes all of the well-known themes of European warfare, from the migrations of the Germanic peoples and the Vikings through the Reconquista, the Crusades and the age of chivalry, to the development of state-controlled gunpowder-wielding armies and the urban militias of the later middle ages; yet its scope is world-wide, ranging across Eurasia and the Americas to trace the interregional connections formed by the great Arab conquests and the expansion of Islam, the migrations of horse nomads such as the Avars and the Turks, the formation of the vast Mongol Empire, and the spread of new technologies – including gunpowder and the earliest firearms – by land and sea. |
| mongol empire at its height: Nomads in the Middle East Beatrice Forbes Manz, 2021-12-02 A history of pastoral nomads in the Islamic Middle East from the rise of Islam, through the middle periods when Mongols and Turks ruled most of the region, to the decline of nomadism in the twentieth century. Offering a vivid insight into the impact of nomads on the politics, culture, and ideology of the region, Beatrice Forbes Manz examines and challenges existing perceptions of these nomads, including the popular cyclical model of nomad-settled interaction developed by Ibn Khaldun. Looking at both the Arab Bedouin and the nomads from the Eurasian steppe, Manz demonstrates the significance of Bedouin and Turco-Mongolian contributions to cultural production and political ideology in the Middle East, and shows the central role played by pastoral nomads in war, trade, and state-building throughout history. Nomads provided horses and soldiers for war, the livestock and guidance which made long-distance trade possible, and animal products to provision the region's growing cities. |
| mongol empire at its height: Kublai Khan John Man, 2012-03-31 In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure dome decree Kublai Khan lives on in the popular imagination thanks to these two lines of poetry by Coleridge. But the true story behind this legend is even more fantastic than the poem would have us believe. He inherited the second largest land empire in history from his grandfather, Genghis Khan. He promptly set about extending this into the biggest empire the world has ever seen, extending his rule from China to Iraq, from Siberia to Afghanistan. His personal domain covered sixty-percent of all Asia, and one-fifth of the world's land area. The West first learnt of this great Khan through the reports of Marco Polo. Kublai had not been born to rule, but had clawed his way to leadership, achieving power only in his 40s. He had inherited Genghis Khan's great dream of world domination. But unlike his grandfather he saw China and not Mongolia as the key to controlling power and turned Genghis' unwieldy empire into a federation. Using China's great wealth, coupled with his shrewd and subtle government, he created an empire that was the greatest since the fall of Rome, and shaped the modern world as we know it today. He gave China its modern-day borders and his legacy is that country's resurgence, and the superpower China of tomorrow. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe Alexander V. Maiorov, Roman Hautala, 2021-08-25 The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe offers a comprehensive overview of the Mongols’ military, political, socio-economic and cultural relations with Central and Eastern European nations between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in history, and one which contributed to the establishment of political, commercial and cultural contacts between all Eurasian regions. The Golden Horde, founded in Eastern Europe by Chinggis Khan’s grandson, Batu, in the thirteenth century, was the dominant power in the region. For two hundred years, all of the countries and peoples of Central and Eastern Europe had to reckon with a powerful centralized state with enormous military potential. Some chose to submit to the Mongols whilst others defended their independence, but none could avoid the influence of this powerful empire. In this book, twenty-five chapters examine this crucial period in Central-Eastern European history, including trade, confrontation, and cultural and religious exchange between the Mongols and their neighbours. This book will be an essential reference for scholars and students of the Mongols, as well those interested in the political, social and economic history of medieval Central-Eastern Europe. |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan Zachary Kent, 2008 Traces the life and accomplishments of the Mongol conqueror who established the largest empire in history. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire 2 Volumes Michal Biran, Hodong Kim, 2023-08-17 In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Chinggis Khan and his progeny ruled over two-thirds of Eurasia. Connecting East, West, North and South, the Mongols integrated most of the Old World, promoting unprecedented cross-cultural contacts and triggering the reshuffle of religious, ethnic, and geopolitical identities. The Cambridge History of the Mongol Empire studies the Empire holistically in its full Eurasian context, putting the Mongols and their nomadic culture at the center. Written by an international team of more than forty leading scholars, this two-volume set provides an authoritative and multifaceted history of 'the Mongol Moment' (1206–1368) in world history and includes an unprecedented survey of the various sources for its study, textual (written in sisteen languages), archaeological, and visual. This groundbreaking Cambridge History sets a new standard for future study of the Empire. It will serve as the fundamental reference work for those interested in Mongol, Eurasian, and world history. |
| mongol empire at its height: Subjects and Masters Michael C. Brose, 2007 |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan and the Mongol War Machine Chris Peers, 2015-03-31 The military might, tactics, and philosophy of Khan is explored in this “fine read” and “useful source for Mongolian . . . and medieval studies in general” (De Re Militari). As a soldier, general, statesman, and empire-builder, Genghis Khan is a near-mythical figure. His remarkable achievements and his ruthless methods have given rise to a monstrous reputation. But who was the man behind the legend? As historian Chris Peers shows in this concise and authoritative study, Genghis Khan possessed exceptional gifts as a leader and manager of men—ranking among the greatest military commanders in history. But he can only be properly understood in terms of the Mongol society and traditions he was born into. Here, the leader’s world is explored—from the military and cultural background of the Mongols, to the nature of steppe societies and their armies, and their relation to other peoples and cultures. The book also looks in detail at the military skills, tactics, and ethos of the Mongol soldiers, and at the advantages and disadvantages they had in combat with the soldiers of other civilizations. For anyone who wants to go beyond the myth of the man who almost conquered the world and learn the real life story behind it, this comprehensive study offers a fascinating perspective on Genghis Khan as a man and a general, and on the armies he led. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Secret History of the Mongols Urgunge Onon, 2001 This fresh translation of one of the only surviving Mongol sources about the Mongol empire, brings out the excitement of this epic with its wide-ranging commentaries on military and social conditions, religion and philosophy, while remaining faithful to the original text. |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan The Emperor of All Men Harold Lamb, 1927 |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongol Empire Michael Prawdin, 1940 |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongols and the Islamic World Peter Jackson, 2017-04-04 An epic historical consideration of the Mongol conquest of Western Asia and the spread of Islam during the years of non-Muslim rule The Mongol conquest of the Islamic world began in the early thirteenth century when Genghis Khan and his warriors overran Central Asia and devastated much of Iran. Distinguished historian Peter Jackson offers a fresh and fascinating consideration of the years of infidel Mongol rule in Western Asia, drawing from an impressive array of primary sources as well as modern studies to demonstrate how Islam not only survived the savagery of the conquest, but spread throughout the empire. This unmatched study goes beyond the well-documented Mongol campaigns of massacre and devastation to explore different aspects of an immense imperial event that encompassed what is now Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan, as well as Central Asia and parts of eastern Europe. It examines in depth the cultural consequences for the incorporated Islamic lands, the Muslim experience of Mongol sovereignty, and the conquerors’ eventual conversion to Islam. |
| mongol empire at its height: The History of the Mongol Conquests J. J. Saunders, 2001-03-29 By far the best modern narrative account of the most extensive land empire in the history of the world.—David Morgan, author of The Mongols |
| mongol empire at its height: The Echo of the Steppes Pasquale De Marco, 2025-03-14 In the heart of the Eurasian Steppe, where the wind whispers tales of conquest and empire, lies the story of the Mongols, a people who emerged from the vastness to shape the course of history. From humble origins, they rose under the leadership of the legendary Chinggis Khan, a man of vision and unwavering ambition. This book takes you on a captivating journey through the Mongol Empire, from its humble beginnings to its rise as one of the largest and most powerful empires the world has ever witnessed. Witness the military prowess of the Mongols as they sweep across vast tracts of land, conquering nations and transforming the political landscape of the world. Discover the life of Chinggis Khan, a man of extraordinary leadership and strategic brilliance, whose vision and determination united disparate tribes into a formidable force. Learn about the Mongol military machine, a finely tuned instrument of conquest that struck fear into the hearts of their enemies. Explore the vast expanse of the Mongol Empire, stretching from the Pacific Ocean to the Adriatic Sea, and delve into the rich cultural tapestry that emerged from the fusion of diverse ethnicities, religions, and languages. Discover the contributions of the Mongols to science, technology, and trade, and their lasting impact on the world. This book is not just a historical account; it is a testament to the indomitable spirit of the Mongols, their resilience in the face of adversity, and their unwavering pursuit of unity and conquest. It is a story of power, ambition, and the transformative nature of leadership, a tale that continues to inspire and fascinate to this day. Join us on this epic journey through the Mongol Empire, where the echoes of the past still resonate in the modern world, and discover the legacy of a people who left an indelible mark on history. If you like this book, write a review! |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan , 1996 Revered founder of Mongolia, this ruthless 13th centruy warrior launched an empire that reached to Europe. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Medieval Crossbow ELLIS-GORMAN STUART, 2022-05-30 The crossbow is an iconic weapon of the Middle Ages and, alongside the longbow, one of the most effective ranged weapons of the pre-gunpowder era. Unfortunately, despite its general fame it has been decades since an in-depth history of the medieval crossbow has been published, which is why Stuart Ellis-Gorman's detailed, accessible, and highly illustrated study is so valuable. The Medieval Crossbow approaches the history of the crossbow from two directions. The first is a technical study of the design and construction of the medieval crossbow, the many different kinds of crossbows used during the Middle Ages, and finally a consideration of the relationship between crossbows and art. The second half of the book explores the history of the crossbow, from its origins in ancient China to its decline in sixteenth-century Europe. Along the way it explores the challenges in deciphering the crossbow's early medieval history as well as its prominence in warfare and sport shooting in the High and Later Middle Ages. This fascinating book brings together the work of a wide range of accomplished crossbow scholars and incorporates the author's own original research to create an account of the medieval crossbow that will appeal to anyone looking to gain an insight into one of the most important weapons of the Middle Ages. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages Geraldine Heng, 2018-03-08 In The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages, Geraldine Heng questions the common assumption that the concepts of race and racisms only began in the modern era. Examining Europe's encounters with Jews, Muslims, Africans, Native Americans, Mongols, and the Romani ('Gypsies'), from the 12th through 15th centuries, she shows how racial thinking, racial law, racial practices, and racial phenomena existed in medieval Europe before a recognizable vocabulary of race emerged in the West. Analysing sources in a variety of media, including stories, maps, statuary, illustrations, architectural features, history, saints' lives, religious commentary, laws, political and social institutions, and literature, she argues that religion - so much in play again today - enabled the positing of fundamental differences among humans that created strategic essentialisms to mark off human groups and populations for racialized treatment. Her ground-breaking study also shows how race figured in the emergence of homo europaeus and the identity of Western Europe in this time. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Thinking Past Adrian Cole, Stephen Ortega, 2014-08-26 This book takes an analytical approach to world history. Instead of proceeding through history descriptively, it looks at several major questions and ideas, such as the role of technology, the development of universal religions, global trade, or participatory politics. If this sounds thematic, it is. But it also progresses chronologically, analyzing these themes as they apply in certain eras. We use both primary sources in-text, and the latest scholarship as secondary source. These we use frequently in each chapter both to employ the voices of scholars where they say things better than we could, and footnote them for students' reference. We also hope to convey the sense that all this content is part of an ongoing debate amongst historians--and scholars from different disciplines. Finally we attempt to keep the text accessible by focusing on narrative elements of history, and keeping in mind that the readers are undergraduates, often with little exposure to the subject matter. However, the level of ideas remains high--Provided by publisher. |
| mongol empire at its height: The Mongols and Global History Morris Rossabi, 2011 An accessible, documents-based introduction to the history of the Mongols. The volume opens with a brief original essay by Morris Rossabi, one of the world's foremost scholars on the Mongols. Rossabi's essay gives a historical and interpretive overview of the Mongols and charts their invasions and subsequent rule over the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Following is a rich collection of primary sources translated into English from Armenian, Arabic, Chinese, Franco-Italian, Italian, Korean, Latin, Persian, Russian, Syriac, and Tibetan that will give students a clear sense of the extraordinary geographic and linguistic range of the Mongol Empire as well as insight into the empire's rise, how it governed, and how it fell. Each primary source includes a headnote and study questions. The volume ends with a list of further readings. About the series: The Norton Casebooks in History provide students with everything they need for in-depth study of select topics in major periods studied in American and world history. Each volume consists of an introductory essay by the editor on the topic, primary sources, and recent essays by historians that explore different interpretations. Each volume combines the most authoritative text available with contextual and critical materials that bring the topic to life for students |
| mongol empire at its height: Winds of the Eurasian Plains Pasquale De Marco, 2025-03-16 In the annals of history, few empires have captured the imagination like the Mongol Empire. Led by the legendary Genghis Khan and his successors, the Mongols conquered a vast territory in a remarkably short amount of time. Their empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, and their influence was felt across the globe. What made the Mongols such a formidable force? How were they able to conquer such a large territory in such a short amount of time? And what was their impact on the world? In this comprehensive and engaging book, we explore the history of the Mongol Empire from its origins to its decline and fall. We examine the lives of the great Mongol leaders, the military campaigns that they waged, and the cultural and social changes that they brought about. We also consider the Mongol Empire's impact on the world and its legacy today. Through vivid storytelling and meticulous research, this book brings the Mongol Empire to life. Readers will learn about the Mongols' nomadic lifestyle, their military prowess, and their unique blend of brutality and tolerance. They will also discover the Mongol Empire's impact on trade, religion, and culture. The Mongol Empire is a fascinating and complex subject. It is a story of conquest, power, and ambition, but it is also a story of cultural exchange and innovation. This book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the history of the world. This book is also a reminder that even the most powerful empires are not invincible. The Mongol Empire eventually declined and fell, but its legacy continues to fascinate and inspire people to this day. If you like this book, write a review! |
| mongol empire at its height: Wolf of the Plains Conn Iggulden, 2010 One man would become a legend. The young boy abandoned without a tribe on the harsh Mongolian plains faced almost certain death. Hunted and alone, he dreamed first of revenge against his enemies. In time, he would unite the great tribes, forming one nation under the sky. He would be the father to the nation. He would be Genghis Khan. |
| mongol empire at its height: Genghis Khan Captivating History, 2019-10-13 Around the year 1162, near the modern capital of Mongolia, a baby boy was born into a fractious and violent world. |
| mongol empire at its height: Famous People Around The World. VOLUME 06B Marcelo Gameiro, Get ready to take a thrilling journey through the lives of some of the most fascinating people in the world! Famous People Around The World is an engrossing read that provides an in-depth look at the lives of various famous personalities, from artists and scientists to musicians and politicians. This book covers all aspects of these people's lives, starting from their early years, upbringing, education, and pivotal experiences that shaped their lives. It explores their fascinating careers, achievements, turning points, and contributions to their respective fields. But that's not all - this book delves deeper into the personal lives of these famous individuals, including their relationships, marriages, hobbies, interests, and even any scandals or controversies they may have been involved in. Moreover, this book also examines the legacies of these influential figures and how they have impacted their industry or society as a whole. You will be amazed at the lasting contributions that these people have made and the ways they are remembered even to this day. As you read through the pages, you will discover the unique qualities and quirks that make these people stand out. You will learn about their personalities, sense of humor, and interesting habits or rituals. But that's not all! The book also includes a few exciting stories about these famous personalities that you probably have never heard before. And to test your knowledge, we have included 10 True or False questions at the end of each chapter that will keep you engaged and curious until the very end. So, whether you are a history buff or just looking for an engaging and educational read, Famous People Around The World is the perfect book for you. Get your copy now and embark on a journey through the fascinating lives of some of the most influential people in history! |
| mongol empire at its height: College Entrance and Regents Ancient and Medieval History (with Maps) Lucian Lamm, 1928 |
| mongol empire at its height: The Cambridge World History Jerry H. Bentley, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks, 2015-04-09 The era from 1400 to 1800 saw intense biological, commercial, and cultural exchanges, and the creation of global connections on an unprecedented scale. Divided into two books, Volume 6 of the Cambridge World History series considers these critical transformations. The first book examines the material and political foundations of the era, including global considerations of the environment, disease, technology, and cities, along with regional studies of empires in the eastern and western hemispheres, crossroads areas such as the Indian Ocean, Central Asia, and the Caribbean, and sites of competition and conflict, including Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean. The second book focuses on patterns of change, examining the expansion of Christianity and Islam, migrations, warfare, and other topics on a global scale, and offering insightful detailed analyses of the Columbian exchange, slavery, silver, trade, entrepreneurs, Asian religions, legal encounters, plantation economies, early industrialism, and the writing of history. |
Mongols - Wikipedia
The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats and the Buryats are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or as subgroups of Mongols. …
Mongol | History, Lifestyle, & Facts | Britannica
May 16, 2025 · Mongol, member of a Central Asian ethnographic group of closely related tribal peoples who live mainly on the Mongolian Plateau and share a common language and …
Mongol Empire - World History Encyclopedia
Nov 11, 2019 · The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by …
Mongols—facts and information | National Geographic
At its peak, the Mongol Empire covered the most contiguous territory in history. Led at first by Genghis Khan, the empire lasted from 1206 until 1368. During that time, it expanded to cover …
Mongols - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The name Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol) explains one or more ethnic groups. A narrow definition includes the Mongols proper (self-designation Monggol), which can be split into …
What was the Mongol Empire? - Live Science
Apr 21, 2022 · The Mongol Empire was a huge but short-lived empire that at its peak stretched from the Pacific Ocean to central Europe.
Mongols | The Mongol Empire History
The Mongol Empire, established by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century, became the largest contiguous empire in history. Its vastness stretched from Eastern Europe to Asia, influencing …
Mongol Empire - Wikipedia
The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the title of Genghis Khan (c. 1162 …
Mongol empire | Time Period, Map, Location, & Facts | Britannica
Dec 9, 2024 · Mongol empire, empire founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. Originating from the Mongol heartland in the Steppe of central Asia, by the late 13th century it spanned from the …
Mongol Empire: Origin Story, Military Invasions, Rise, and Fall
Feb 14, 2023 · Here is everything that you need to know about history, rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, one of history's largest and fiercest empires.
Mongols - Wikipedia
The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats and the Buryats are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or as subgroups of Mongols. …
Mongol | History, Lifestyle, & Facts | Britannica
May 16, 2025 · Mongol, member of a Central Asian ethnographic group of closely related tribal peoples who live mainly on the Mongolian Plateau and share a common language and …
Mongol Empire - World History Encyclopedia
Nov 11, 2019 · The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by …
Mongols—facts and information | National Geographic
At its peak, the Mongol Empire covered the most contiguous territory in history. Led at first by Genghis Khan, the empire lasted from 1206 until 1368. During that time, it expanded to cover …
Mongols - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The name Mongols (Mongolian: Монгол Mongol) explains one or more ethnic groups. A narrow definition includes the Mongols proper (self-designation Monggol), which can be split into …
What was the Mongol Empire? - Live Science
Apr 21, 2022 · The Mongol Empire was a huge but short-lived empire that at its peak stretched from the Pacific Ocean to central Europe.
Mongols | The Mongol Empire History
The Mongol Empire, established by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century, became the largest contiguous empire in history. Its vastness stretched from Eastern Europe to Asia, influencing …
Mongol Empire - Wikipedia
The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol heartland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the title of Genghis Khan (c. 1162 …
Mongol empire | Time Period, Map, Location, & Facts | Britannica
Dec 9, 2024 · Mongol empire, empire founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. Originating from the Mongol heartland in the Steppe of central Asia, by the late 13th century it spanned from the …
Mongol Empire: Origin Story, Military Invasions, Rise, and Fall
Feb 14, 2023 · Here is everything that you need to know about history, rise and fall of the Mongol Empire, one of history's largest and fiercest empires.
