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| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World Patricia Marino, 2015-09-01 Moral diversity is a fundamental reality of today’s world, but moral theorists have difficulty responding to it. Some take it as evidence for skepticism – the view that there are no moral truths. Others, associating moral reasoning with the search for overarching principles and unifying values, see it as the result of error. In the former case, moral reasoning is useless, since values express individual preferences; in the latter, our reasoning process is dramatically at odds with our lived experience. Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World takes a different approach, proposing an alternative way of thinking about moral reasoning and progress by showing how diversity and disagreement are compatible with theorizing and justification. Patricia Marino demonstrates that, instead of being evidence for skepticism and error, moral disagreements often arise because we value things pluralistically. This means that although people share multiple values such as fairness, honesty, loyalty, and benevolence, we interpret and prioritize those values in various ways. Given this pluralistic evaluation process, preferences for unified single-principle theories are not justified. Focusing on finding moral compromises, prioritizing conflicting values, and judging consistently from one case to another, Marino elaborates her ideas in terms of real-life dilemmas, arguing that the moral complexity and conflict we so often encounter can be part of fruitful and logical moral reflection. Aiming to draw new connections and bridge the gap between theoretical ethics and applied ethics, Moral Reasoning in a Pluralistic World offers a sophisticated set of philosophical arguments on moral reasoning and pluralism with real world applications. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Natural Moralities David B Wong, 2009-03-03 In this book, David B. Wong defends an ambitious and important new version of moral relativism. He does not espouse the type of relativism that says anything goes, but he does start with a relativist stance against alternative theories such that there need not be only one universal truth. Wong proposes that there can be a plurality of true moralities existing across different traditions and cultures, all with one core human question as to how we can all live together. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Law and Economics as Interdisciplinary Exchange Péter Cserne, Magdalena Małecka, 2019-09-09 Law and Economics is an established field of research and arguably one of the few examples of a successful interdisciplinary project. This book explores whether, or to what extent, that interdisciplinarity has indeed been a success. It provides insights on the foundations and methods, achievements and challenges of Law and Economics, at a time when both the continuing criticism of academic economics and the growth of empirical legal studies raise questions about the identity and possible further developments of the project. Through a combination of reflections on long-term trends and detailed case studies, contributors to this volume analyse the institutional and epistemic character of Law and Economics, which develops through an exchange of concepts, models and practices between economics and legal scholarship. Inspired by insights from the philosophy of the social sciences, the book shows how concepts travel between legal scholarship and economics and change meanings when applied elsewhere, how economic theories and models inform, and transform, judicial practice, and it addresses whether the transfers of knowledge between economics and law are symmetrical exchanges between the two disciplines. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Divine Teaching and the Way of the World Samuel Fleischacker, 2011-04-21 Samuel Fleischacker defends what the Enlightenment called 'revealed religion': religions that regard a certain text or oral teaching as sacred, as wholly authoritative over one's life. At the same time, he maintains that revealed religions stand in danger of corruption or fanaticism unless they are combined with secular scientific practices and a secular morality. The first two parts of Divine Teaching and the Way of the World argue that the cognitive and moral practices of a society should prescind from religious commitments -- they constitute a secular 'way of the world', to adapt a phrase from the Jewish tradition, allowing human beings to work together regardless of their religious differences. But the way of the world breaks down when it comes to the question of what we live for, and it is this that revealed religions can illumine. Fleischacker first suggests that secular conceptions of why life is worth living are often poorly grounded, before going on to explore what revelation is, how it can answer the question of worth better than secular worldviews do, and how the revealed and way-of-the-world elements of a religious tradition can be brought together. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Balance Paul Thagard, 2022-07-05 Living is a balancing act. Ordinary activities like walking, running, or riding a bike require the brain to keep the body in balance. A dancer’s poised elegance and a tightrope walker’s breathtaking performance are feats of balance. Language abounds with expressions and figures of speech that invoke balance. People fret over work-life balance or try to eat a balanced diet. The concept crops up from politics—checks and balances, the balance of power, balanced budgets—to science, in which ideas of equilibrium are crucial. Why is balance so fundamental, and how do physical and metaphorical balance shed light on each other? Paul Thagard explores the physiological workings and metaphorical resonance of balance in the brain, the body, and society. He describes the neural mechanisms that keep bodies balanced and explains why their failures can result in nausea, falls, or vertigo. Thagard connects bodily balance with leading ideas in neuroscience, including the nature of consciousness. He analyzes balance metaphors across science, medicine, economics, the arts, and philosophy, showing why some aid understanding but others are misleading or harmful. Thagard contends that balance is ultimately a matter of making sense of the world. In both literal and metaphorical senses, balance is what enables people to solve the puzzles of life by turning sensory signals or an incongruous comparison into a coherent whole. Bridging philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, Balance shows how an unheralded concept’s many meanings illuminate the human condition. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Deism Logan Gray, 2024-10-22 Deism - Spirituality Without Religion Deism - Spirituality Without Religion is a gateway to a universe where the divine is not a being revealed in temples or scriptures, but an enigmatic force that permeates the hidden order of the cosmos. For great minds like Albert Einstein and Benjamin Franklin, deism was the key to deciphering the mystery of a silent Creator, who, after establishing the immutable laws of the universe, withdrew, allowing creation to follow its own autonomous course. For them, it was in this infinite vastness, in the laws governing the movement of the stars, and in the complexity of life, that the trace of the sacred was found. This book does not offer ready-made answers but opens doors to the unknown, inviting the reader to leave behind the comfort of dogma and venture into a realm where true spirituality is discovered in pure reason and the contemplation of the unseen. What Einstein glimpsed in the equations that unraveled the cosmos, and Franklin intuited in crafting the principles of human freedom, was not a God who listens to prayers, but a hidden intelligence present in the subtlest details of nature. Deism - Spirituality Without Religion challenges the reader to get lost and found in a universe full of secrets, where morality emerges not from commandments but from the very laws that sustain life. As you turn each page, you will be prompted to question what is truly sacred and to explore a path of profound discoveries—where the distant and inaccessible Creator still whispers through the murmuring of the stars and the eternal dance of the atoms. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Power, Value, and Conviction William Schweiker, 2019-05-31 Schweiker's reflections are strikingly original and they ought to be required reading for everyone in the field of theological ethics. -Douglas F. Ottati, Professor of Theology and Ethics, Union Theological Seminary and Presbyterian School of Christian Education With this new work, Schweiker continues his vital exploration of hermeneutical realism, responsibility ethics, moral formation, and the lives we live in our complex late modern cultures. This is a bracing, complex text that richly rewards those who engage it with the care it requires. -Jean Bethke Elshtain, Laura Rockefeller Professor of Social and Political Ethics, University of Chicago, and author of Augustine and the Limits of Politics Schweiker has a comprehensive knowledge of contemporary moral thought--philosophical and theological, applied and theoretical. He brings a wealth of material together with a unifying theological perspective that sharpens our questions and renews our hope. This is an outstanding achievement. -Robin W. Lovin, Dean and Professor of Ethics, Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University William Schweiker is the Edward L. Ryerson Distinguished Service Professor of Theological Ethics at the University of Chicago. Born in Des Moines, Iowa (1953) he holds degrees from Simpson College, Duke University and also the University of Chicago. Besides teaching at Chicago, he has also been guest professor at Uppsala University and the University of Heidelberg. Schweiker ́s writings engage theological and ethical questions attentive to global dynamics, comparative religious ethics, the history of ethics, and hermeneutical philosophy. Schweiker has published five books, numerous articles and award-winning essays, as well as edited and contributed to six volumes, including A Companion to Religious Ethics (2004), a comprehensive and innovative work in the field of comparative religious ethics. He is currently working on a volume, Religious Ethics: Meaning and Method. Ongoing research is for a book on theological ethics and the integrity of life. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Moral Tribes Joshua Greene, 2014-12-30 “Surprising and remarkable…Toggling between big ideas, technical details, and his personal intellectual journey, Greene writes a thesis suitable to both airplane reading and PhD seminars.”—The Boston Globe Our brains were designed for tribal life, for getting along with a select group of others (Us) and for fighting off everyone else (Them). But modern times have forced the world’s tribes into a shared space, resulting in epic clashes of values along with unprecedented opportunities. As the world shrinks, the moral lines that divide us become more salient and more puzzling. We fight over everything from tax codes to gay marriage to global warming, and we wonder where, if at all, we can find our common ground. A grand synthesis of neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy, Moral Tribes reveals the underlying causes of modern conflict and lights the way forward. Greene compares the human brain to a dual-mode camera, with point-and-shoot automatic settings (“portrait,” “landscape”) as well as a manual mode. Our point-and-shoot settings are our emotions—efficient, automated programs honed by evolution, culture, and personal experience. The brain’s manual mode is its capacity for deliberate reasoning, which makes our thinking flexible. Point-and-shoot emotions make us social animals, turning Me into Us. But they also make us tribal animals, turning Us against Them. Our tribal emotions make us fight—sometimes with bombs, sometimes with words—often with life-and-death stakes. A major achievement from a rising star in a new scientific field, Moral Tribes will refashion your deepest beliefs about how moral thinking works and how it can work better. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Codes of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines Kelly Laas, Michael Davis, Elisabeth Hildt, 2022-01-03 This book investigates how ethics generally precedes legal regulation, and looks at how changes in codes of ethics represent an unparalleled window into the research, innovation, and emerging technologies they seek to regulate. It provides case studies from the fields of engineering, science, medicine and social science showing how professional codes of ethics often predate regulation and help shape the ethical use of emerging technologies and professional practice. Changes in professional ethics are the crystallization of ongoing conversation in scientific and professional fields about how justice, privacy, safety and human rights should be realized in practice where the law is currently silent. This book is a significant addition to this area of practical and professional ethics and is of particular interest to practitioners, scholars, and students interested in the areas of practical and applied ethics. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Brain in a Vat Sanford C. Goldberg, 2016-06-13 The scenario of the brain in a vat, first aired thirty-five years ago in Hilary Putnam's classic paper, has been deeply influential in philosophy of mind and language, epistemology, and metaphysics. This collection of new essays examines the scenario and its philosophical ramifications and applications, as well as the challenges which it has faced. The essays review historical applications of the brain-in-a-vat scenario and consider its impact on contemporary debates. They explore a diverse range of philosophical issues, from intentionality, external-world scepticism, and the nature of truth, to the extended mind hypothesis, reference magnetism, and new versions of realism. The volume will be a rich and valuable resource for advanced students in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of mind and language, as well as anyone interested in the relations between language, thought and the world. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Oxford Handbook of Ethics and Economics Mark D. White, 2019-06-06 Economics and ethics are both valuable tools for analyzing the behavior and actions of human beings and institutions. Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, considered them two sides of the same coin, but since economics was formalized and mathematicised in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the fields have largely followed separate paths. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics and Economics provides a timely and thorough survey of the various ways ethics can, does, and should inform economic theory and practice. The first part of the book, Foundations, explores how the most prominent schools of moral philosophy relate to economics; asks how morals relevant to economic behavior may have evolved; and explains how various approaches to economics incorporate ethics into their work. The second part, Applications, looks at the ethics of commerce, finance, and markets; uncovers the moral dilemmas involved with making decisions regarding social welfare, risk, and harm to others; and explores how ethics is relevant to major topics within economics, such as health care and the environment. With esteemed contributors from economics and philosophy, The Oxford Handbook of Ethics and Economics is a resource for scholars in both disciplines and those in related fields. It highlights the close relationship between ethics and economics in the past while and lays a foundation for further integration going forward. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Geography of Morals Owen J. Flanagan, 2017 Variations -- On being imprisoned by one's upbringing -- Moral psychologies and moral ecologies -- Bibliographical essay -- First nature -- Classical Chinese sprouts -- Modern moral psychology -- Beyond moral modularity -- Destructive emotions -- Bibliographic essay -- Collisions -- When values collide -- Moral geographies of anger -- Weird anger -- For love's and justice's sake -- Bibliographical essay -- Anthropologies -- Self-variations: philosophical archaeologies -- The content of character. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Philosophy of Sex and Love Patricia Marino, 2019-03-13 Writing for non-specialists and students as well as for fellow philosophers, this book explores some basic issues surrounding sex and love in today's world, among them consent, objectification, non-monogamy, racial stereotyping, and the need to reconcile contemporary expectations about gender equality with our beliefs about how love works. Author Patricia Marino argues that we cannot fully understand these issues by focusing only on individual desires and choices. Instead, we need to examine the social contexts within which choices are made and acquire their meanings. That perspective, she argues, is especially needed today, when the values of individualism, self-expression, and self-interest permeate our lives. Marino asks how we can fit these values, which govern so many areas of contemporary life, with the generosity, caring, and selflessness we expect in love and sex. Key Features of Philosophy of Sex and Love: An Opinionated Introduction Offers a contemporary, problems-based approach to the subject, helping readers better understand and address current issues and controversial questions Includes coverage of sex and love as they intersect with topics like disability, race, medicine, and economics Considers not only the ethical, but also the broadly social and political dimensions of sex and love Includes a helpful introduction and conclusion in each chapter and is written throughout in a clear and straightforward style, with examples and signposts to help guide the student and general reader A comprehensive and up-to-date bibliography provides a valuable tool for anyone’s further research |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Religious Freedom in an Egalitarian Age Nelson Tebbe, 2017-02-06 Nelson Tebbe shows how a method called social coherence offers a way to resolve conflicts between advocates of religious freedom and proponents of equality law. Based on the way people reason through moral problems in everyday life, it can lead to workable solutions in a wide range of issues, including gay rights and women’s reproductive choice. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Ethics and Self-Cultivation Matthew Dennis, Sander Werkhoven, 2018-03-15 The aim of Ethics and Self-Cultivation is to establish and explore a new ‘cultivation of the self’ strand within contemporary moral philosophy. Although the revival of virtue ethics has helped reintroduce the eudaimonic tradition into mainstream philosophical debates, it has by and large been a revival of Aristotelian ethics combined with a modern preoccupation with standards for the moral rightness of actions. The essays comprising this volume offer a fresh approach to the eudaimonic tradition: instead of conditions for rightness of actions, it focuses on conceptions of human life that are best for the one living it. The first section of essays looks at the Hellenistic schools and the way they influenced modern thinkers like Spinoza, Kant, Nietzsche, Hadot, and Foucault in their thinking about self-cultivation. The second section offers contemporary perspectives on ethical self-cultivation by drawing on work in moral psychology, epistemology of self-knowledge, philosophy of mind, and meta-ethics. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Moral Strangers, Moral Acquaintance, and Moral Friends Erich H. Loewy, 1997-01-01 Elaborates an ethic in which beneficence on a personal and communal level has moral force; proposes the idea of an interplay between compassion and reason to help address moral problems; and sketches the conditions necessary for a democratic approach to such problems. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Political Persuasion Thomas E. Nelson, 2024-10-25 Values are fundamental to political attitudes. Ideals like freedom, equality, democracy, and fairness give us standards to judge whether conditions are good or bad and whether policy solutions are preferable or detrimental. Political Persuasion examines how partisan communicators recruit social and political values to persuade the public to support their positions on controversial issues, making it one weapon in the arsenal that communicators and political entrepreneurs deploy to shape public opinion. In this book, Thomas E. Nelson explores the different strategies and tactics constituting value recruitment and examines how communicators respond to the value recruitment efforts of their opponents. Drawing primarily from two cases in modern American politics, Nelson presents interviews with activists and policymakers to understand the values at stake and the tactics in play, and provides evidence from experiments that examine how value recruitment shapes our opinions. Through this analysis, readers will gain greater recognition and understanding of value recruitment, which in turn will deepen our knowledge about the dynamics of political debate and public attitudes. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Golden Thread M. Margaret McDonnell RSCJ, 2022-02-16 This book can be used when making difficult healthcare decisions at home with no available guidance. It is also used if ones financial situation is such that a family is concerned about not being able to afford some or all care being offered. In such situations this book helps patients, families, neighbors, gather together as they make difficult decisions right in their homes. A very particular decision process is used. If the suggested process does not accommodate the decision to be made, other processes are included in the Appendix. By enabling the gathering of people at such times we can help patients make these serious decisions in their own home environment. Do they or do they not want the proposed surgery, for example? If a particular procedure would sustain life when without it one's life would be in jeopardy, what should a person do? Making these decisions in the home instead of a hospital or other institutional environment allows a patient to engage in what becomes a life review, but with family and/or neighbor-support. A patient's final decision is rooted in their cherished values. The process leads to a deeply discerned and sound treatment decision. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Hitchcock and Philosophy David Baggett, William A. Drumin, 2007 The mystery of everyday life -- Horrors without end -- The reeling mind -- Hitchcock's ethical dilemmas -- What's it all about, Alfred? |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Critical and Modern Movements Hector Davidson, This book contains the following titles and topics: - Deconstructionism - Determinism - Feminist Philosophy - Humanism - Liberalism - Moral Philosophy - Naturalism - Nihilism - Phenomenology - Pragmatism - Structuralism - Utilitarianism |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Animals, Political Liberalism and Public Reason Federico Zuolo, 2020-07-17 This book explores the problem of disagreement concerning the treatment of animals in a liberal society. Current laws include an unprecedented concern for animal welfare, yet disagreement remains pervasive. This issue has so far been neglected both in political philosophy and animal ethics. Although starting from disagreement has been the hallmark of many politically liberal theories, none have been devoted to the treatment of animals, and conversely, most theories in animal ethics do not take the disagreement on this issue seriously. Bridging this divide with a change of perspective, Zuolo argues that we should begin from the disagreement on the moral status of animals and the treatment we owe them. Reconstructing the epistemic nature of disagreement about animals, Zuolo proposes a novel form of public justification to find principles acceptable to all. By setting out a unified framework which honours the liberal principles of respect for diversity, a robust liberal political theory capable of dealing with diverse forms of disagreement, and even some forms of radical dissent, is achieved. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality Brian D. Earp, Clare Chambers, Lori Watson, 2022-05-23 This Handbook covers the most urgent, controversial, and important topics in the philosophy of sex. It is both philosophically rigorous and yet accessible to specialists and non-specialists, covering ethics, political philosophy, metaphysics, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of language, and featuring interactions with neighboring disciplines such as psychology, bioethics, sociology, and anthropology. The volume’s 40 chapters, written by an international team of both respected senior researchers and essential emerging scholars, are divided into eight parts: I. What is Sex? Is Sex Good? II. Sexual Orientations III. Sexual Autonomy and Consent IV. Regulating Sexual Relationships V. Pathologizing Sex and Sexuality VI. Contested Desires VII. Objectification and Commercialized Sex VIII. Technology and the Future of Sex The broad scope of coverage, depth in insight and research, and accessibility in language make The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Sex and Sexuality a comprehensive introduction for newcomers to the subject as well as an invaluable reference work for advanced students and researchers in the field. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Moral Imagination Mark Johnson, 2014-12-10 Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: A Pluralistic Universe William James, 1909 |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Utilitarianism Hector Davidson, Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of outcomes in moral decision-making. At its core, utilitarianism posits that the right course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being. Developed by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, the theory seeks to offer a rational and measurable approach to ethics, where the value of actions is determined by the balance of pleasure and pain they produce. This focus on utility—the greatest happiness for the greatest number—has had profound implications on moral philosophy, shaping debates in ethics, politics, and economics. The foundational principle of utilitarianism is known as the greatest happiness principle, which asserts that the best action is the one that generates the most positive consequences for the greatest number of people. According to this principle, happiness or pleasure is the ultimate goal of human life, and actions should be evaluated based on their ability to promote this aim. This framework allows for an objective assessment of choices, as it seeks to quantify and compare the happiness generated by different actions. In its most basic form, utilitarianism provides a clear and pragmatic approach to moral questions, offering a way to navigate ethical dilemmas by focusing on the tangible outcomes of our actions. One of the core principles of utilitarianism is the idea of utility, which is often understood as the balance of pleasure and pain resulting from an action. This principle involves evaluating the potential benefits and harms of any given act and selecting the one that produces the best overall result. This cost-benefit analysis is central to utilitarian thought, as it encourages individuals to weigh the consequences of their actions before making moral decisions. Furthermore, utilitarianism emphasizes impartiality, asserting that each person's happiness is of equal value and that no individual’s interests should be considered more important than another’s. This universality helps to establish a moral framework that transcends personal biases and promotes equality. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Morality, Prudence, and Nuclear Weapons Steven P. Lee, 1996-11-13 This 1993 book is the first post-Cold War assessment of nuclear deterrence, -providing a comprehensive normative understanding of nuclear deterrence policy. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics David Boonin, 2022-02-08 The Palgrave Handbook of Sexual Ethics is a comprehensive collection of recent research on the ethics of sexual behavior, representing a wide range of perspectives. It addresses a number of traditional subjects in the area, including questions about pre-marital, extra-marital, non-heterosexual, and non-procreative sex, and about the nature and significance of sexual consent, sexual desire, and sexual activity, as well as a variety of more recent topics, including sexual racism, sexual ableism, sex robots, and the #metoo response to sexual harassment. Each chapter defends a substantive thesis about the topic it addresses and the handbook as a whole thereby provides a strong foundation for future research in this important and growing field of inquiry. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: God and Cosmos David Baggett, Jerry L. Walls, 2016 God and Cosmos provides a four-fold moral argument for God's existence that is cumulative, abductive, and teleological. The four relevant moral realities that theism and Christianity best explain are: intrinsic human value and moral duties; moral knowledge; radical moral transformation of human persons; and a rapprochement between morality and rationality. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Interpreting Violence Cassandra Falke, Victoria Fareld, Hanna Meretoja, 2023-03-30 Representations of violence surround us in everyday life – in news reports, films and novels – inviting interpretation and raising questions about the ethics of viewing or reading about harm done to others. How can we understand the processes of meaning-making involved in interpreting violent events and experiences? And can these acts of interpretation themselves be violent by reproducing the violence that they represent? This book examines the ethics of engaging with violent stories from a broad hermeneutic perspective. It offers multidisciplinary perspectives on the sense-making involved in interpreting violence in its various forms, from blatant physical violence to less visible forms that may inhere in words or in the social and political order of our societies. By focusing on different ways of narrating violence and on the cultural and paradigmatic forms that govern such narrations, Interpreting Violence explores the ethical potential of literature, art and philosophy to expose mechanisms of violence while also recognizing their implication in structures that contribute to or benefit from practices of violence. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Minimal Morality Michael Moehler, 2018-03-16 Michael Moehler develops a novel multilevel social contract theory. In contrast to existing theories in the liberal tradition, it does not merely assume a restricted form of reasonable moral pluralism, but is tailored to the conditions of deeply morally pluralistic societies which may be populated by liberal moral agents, nonliberal moral agents, and, according to the traditional understanding of morality, nonmoral agents alike. Moehler draws on the history of the social contract tradition, especially the work of Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Rawls, and Gauthier, as well as on the work of some of the critics of this tradition, such as Sen and Gaus. Moehler's two-level contractarian theory holds that morality in its best contractarian version for the conditions of deeply morally pluralistic societies entails Humean, Hobbesian, and Kantian moral features. The theory defines the minimal behavioral restrictions that are necessary to ensure, compared to violent conflict resolution, mutually beneficial peaceful long-term cooperation in deeply morally pluralistic societies. The theory minimizes the problem of compliance in morally diverse societies by maximally respecting the interests of all members of society. Despite its ideal nature, the theory is, in principle, applicable to the real world and, for the conditions described, most promising for securing mutually beneficial peaceful long-term cooperation in a world in which a fully just society, due to moral diversity, is unattainable. If Rawls' intention was to carry the traditional social contract argument to a higher level of abstraction, then the two-level contractarian theory brings it back down to earth. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Poetry, Politics, and the Body in Rimbaud Robert St. Clair, 2018-08-22 Bodies abound in Rimbaud's poetry in a way that is nearly unprecedented in the nineteenth-century poetic canon: lazy, creative, rule-breaking bodies, queer bodies, marginalized and impoverished bodies, revolting and revolutionary, historical bodies. The question that Poetry, Politics, and the Body seeks to answer is: What does this corporeal density mean for reading Rimbaud? What kind of sense are we to make of this omnipresence of the body in the Rimbaldian corpus, from first to last–from the earliest poems in verse celebrating the sheer, simple delight of running away from wherever one is and stretching one's legs out under a table, to the ultimate flight away from poetry itself? In response, this book argues that the body appears–often literally–as a kind of gap, breach, or aperture through which Rimbaud's poems enter into contact with history and a larger body of other texts. Simply put, the body is privileged 'lyrical material' for Rimbaud: a figure for human beings in their exposed, finite creatureliness and in their unpredictable agency and interconnectedness. Its presence in the early work allows us not only to contemplate what a strange, sensuous thing it is to be embodied, to be both singular and part of a collective, it also allows the poet to diagnose, and the reader to perceive, a set of seemingly intractable, 'real' socio-economic, political, and symbolic problems. Rimbaud's bodies are, in other words, utopian bodies: sites where the historical and the lyrical, the ideal and the material, do not so much cancel each other out as become caught up in one another. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Handbook of Communication Ethics Amit Pinchevski, Patrice M. Buzzanell, Jason Hannan, 2024-12-02 The second edition of this handbook offers a thoroughly updated overview of the different approaches and perspectives in communication ethics today. Extending the path paved by its predecessor, this handbook includes new issues and concerns that have emerged in the interim—from environmentalism to artificial intelligence, from disability studies to fake news. It also features a new structure, comprised of three sections representing a wide array of communication ethics: traditions, contexts, and debates. Rather than focusing exclusively on a subset of ethics (such as interpersonal communication, rhetoric, or journalism, as do other handbooks of ethics in communication), this collection provides a valuable resource for those who seek a broader basis on which to study communication ethics. This handbook is a must-read for faculty, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students in all areas of communication studies, as well as in neighboring disciplines such as rhetoric, media studies, sociology, political science, cultural studies, and science and technology studies. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Distinctiveness of Religion in American Law Kathleen A. Brady, 2015-07-23 In recent decades, religion's traditional distinctiveness under the First Amendment has been challenged by courts and scholars. As America grows more secular and as religious and nonreligious convictions are increasingly seen as interchangeable, many have questioned whether special treatment is still fair. In its recent decisions, the Supreme Court has made clear that religion will continue to be treated differently, but we lack a persuasive account of religion's uniqueness that can justify this difference. This book aims to develop such an account. Drawing on founding era thought illumined by theology, philosophy of religion, and comparative religion, it describes what is at stake in our tradition of religious freedom in a way that can be appreciated by the religious and nonreligious alike. From this account, it develops a new framework for religion clause decision making and explains the implications of this framework for current controversies regarding protections for religious conscience. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Ethics, Morality, and Human Nature Hector Davidson, This is a bundle of the following books: - Aesthetics - Analytic Philosophy - Critical Theory - Cynicism - Determinism - Humanism - Idealism - Liberalism - Moral Philosophy - Naturalism - Nihilism - Parmenides - Phenomenology - Structuralism - Utilitarianism |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Church in a Secular Age Silje Kvamme Bjørndal, 2018-09-20 How can the church navigate the challenges of our secular age? In The Church in a Secular Age, Norwegian and Pentecostal scholar Silje Kvamme Bjorndal takes on three dynamic thinkers, each in their own way, in search for insights to this question. Philosopher Charles Taylor offers the backdrop for the conversation, as Bjorndal carefully sifts out some of his most central tenets for understanding our secular age. Bjorndal then turns to the theologian and ethicist Stanley Hauerwas and critically engages his notion of the church as a community set apart from our secular age. By bringing several of Hauerwas's interlocutors into the conversation, Bjorndal manages to bring out both the acute relevance and the shortcomings of his ecclesiology. Thus, she finds that another turn is needed in order to offer a concrete, as well as creative, contribution to this ecclesiological conversation. Considering the undeveloped pneumatological undercurrent in Hauerwas's work, it proves fruitful to engage the leading Pentecostal scholar Amos Yong and his foundational pneumatology. This engagement results in a shift of agency, from the community to the Spirit. And keeping up the dialogue with Taylor's secular age, Bjorndal demonstrates how the Spirit's agency is crucial for the church as it attempts to navigate the particular challenges (and opportunities) of a secular age. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Use of Force against Individuals in War under International Law Ka Lok Yip, 2022-03-21 Is it legal to kill, or capture and confine, someone in war? Is this relevant or wise to ask in the reality of war? What does 'legal' actually mean in the labyrinth of overlapping international laws? This volume explores the meaning, relevance, and wisdom of questioning the 'legality' of the use of force against individuals in war by reconnecting legal thought with the social world. Weaving together law, social theories, and actual practices, the book presents an interdisciplinary study of the laws regulating warfare. The Use of Force against Individuals in War under International Law uncovers different conceptions of 'legality' that generate tensions among different international laws regulating warfare and highlights the limits of legal techniques in addressing these tensions. Accepting these tensions serves not to denigrate the law itself but to invite a deeper level of engagement with it - through the lens of social theories. Drawing on the insight that every social action results from an interaction between human agency and social structures, this publication argues that in regulating warfare, one distinct body of international law, the law of armed conflicts, accommodates the diminished agency of human beings operating in highly structured conditions while other bodies of international law harbour the potential to transform these very structured conditions. Thus, assimilating these laws, whether in court or real-world practices, fundamentally conflates their underlying social ontologies. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Ethical Issues in Six Religious Traditions Peggy Morgan, 2007-02-16 How do Hindus view euthanasia? Is there a 'Sikh view' of advertising? Do Jews and Muslims share the same attitude to marriage? How do Christian and Buddhist views on the environment differ?This book draws together authors respected in six traditions to explore in parallel the ethical foundations for Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Christian and Muslim faiths. Each section introduces a different religion and asks specific, topical questions, set in a wider context. The issues addressed are religious identity and authority; the personal and the private; marriage and family; influences on and use of time, money and other personal resources; the quality and value of life; questions of right and wrong; equality and difference; conflict and violence and global issues.The contributors to this expanded edition are Peggy Morgan, Clive Lawton, Werner Menski, Eleanor Nesbitt, Alan Brown and Azim Nanji.Additions for this new edition include subsections on reproduction, vegetarianism, just war and terrorism, and |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: The Politics of International Law Christian Reus-Smit, 2004-04-29 Politics and law appear deeply entwined in contemporary international relations. Yet existing perspectives struggle to understand the complex interplay between these aspects of international life. In this path-breaking volume, a group of leading international relations scholars and legal theorists advance a new constructivist perspective on the politics of international law. They reconceive politics as a field of human action that stands at the intersection of issues of identity, purpose, ethics, and strategy, and define law as an historically contingent institutional expression of such politics. They explain how liberal politics has conditioned modern international law and how law â€~feeds back' to constitute international relations and world politics. This new perspective on the politics of international law is illustrated through detailed case-studies of the use of force, climate change, landmines, migrant rights, the International Criminal Court, the Kosovo bombing campaign, international financial institutions, and global governance. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Bioethics Principles, Issues and Cases Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-01-16 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| moral reasoning in a pluralistic world: Chinnagounder's Challenge Deane W. Curtin, 1999-10-22 ... an important contribution to environmental philosophy.... includes provocative discussions of institutional and systemic violence, indigenous resistance to 'development,' the land ethic, deep ecology, ecofeminism, women's ecological knowledge, Jeffersonian agrarian republicanism, Berry's ideas about 'principled engagement in community,' wilderness advocacy, and the need for an attachment to place. -- Choice [T]his is a very important book, raising serious questions for development theorists and environmentalists alike. -- Boston Book Review When Indian centenarian Chinnagounder asked Deane Curtin about his interest in traditional medicine, especially since he wasn't working for a drug company looking to patent a new discovery, Curtin wondered whether it was possible for the industrialized world to interact with native cultures for reasons other than to exploit them, develop them, and eradicate their traditional practices. The answer, according to Curtin, defines the ethical character of what we typically call 'progress.' Despite the familiar assertion that we live in a global village, cross-cultural environmental and social conflicts are often marked by failures of communication due to deeply divergent assumptions. Curtin articulates a response to Chinnagounder's challenge in terms of a new, distinctly postcolonial, environmental ethic. |
MORAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Ethics and morals are both used in the plural and are often regarded as synonyms, but there is some distinction in how they are used. Morals often describes one's particular values …
MORAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Moral definition: of, relating to, or concerned with the principles or rules of right conduct or the distinction between right and wrong; ethical.. See examples of MORAL used in a sentence.
MORAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
MORAL definition: 1. relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person…. Learn more.
Moral - definition of moral by The Free Dictionary
moral - the significance of a story or event; "the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor"
MORAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Moral means relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong. She had to make a moral judgment about what was the right thing to do. American English : moral / ˈmɔrəl /
What does moral mean? - Definitions.net
acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, …
Morality - Wikipedia
In its descriptive sense, "morality" refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores that are observed to be accepted by a significant number of individuals (not necessarily …
Morale vs. Moral: What's the Difference? - Grammarly
Morale vs. Moral: What's the Difference? The words morale and moral have distinct meanings and uses. Morale refers to the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a …
Morality: Definition, Theories, and Examples - Verywell Mind
Apr 22, 2024 · Sometimes, acting in a moral manner means individuals must sacrifice their own short-term interests to benefit society. Individuals who go against these standards may be …
Moral Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
MORAL meaning: 1 : concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior; 2 : based on what you think is right and good
MORAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
Ethics and morals are both used in the plural and are often regarded as synonyms, but there is some distinction in how they are used. Morals often describes one's particular values concerning what …
MORAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Moral definition: of, relating to, or concerned with the principles or rules of right conduct or the distinction between right and wrong; ethical.. See examples of MORAL used in a sentence.
MORAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
MORAL definition: 1. relating to the standards of good or bad behaviour, fairness, honesty, etc. that each person…. Learn more.
Moral - definition of moral by The Free Dictionary
moral - the significance of a story or event; "the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor"
MORAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Moral means relating to beliefs about what is right or wrong. She had to make a moral judgment about what was the right thing to do. American English : moral / ˈmɔrəl /
What does moral mean? - Definitions.net
acting upon or through one's moral nature or sense of right, or suited to act in such a manner; as, a moral arguments; moral considerations. Sometimes opposed to material and physical; as, moral …
Morality - Wikipedia
In its descriptive sense, "morality" refers to personal or cultural values, codes of conduct or social mores that are observed to be accepted by a significant number of individuals (not necessarily …
Morale vs. Moral: What's the Difference? - Grammarly
Morale vs. Moral: What's the Difference? The words morale and moral have distinct meanings and uses. Morale refers to the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group at a …
Morality: Definition, Theories, and Examples - Verywell Mind
Apr 22, 2024 · Sometimes, acting in a moral manner means individuals must sacrifice their own short-term interests to benefit society. Individuals who go against these standards may be …
Moral Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
MORAL meaning: 1 : concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior; 2 : based on what you think is right and good
