Mutapa

  mutapa: The Zimbabwe Culture Innocent Pikirayi, 2002-07-15 Offering a unique and original perspective on the rise and fall of indigenous states of southern Zambezia, The Zimbabwe Culture analyzes the long contentious history of the remains of the remarkable cyclopean masonry, ranging from mighty capitals of traditional kings to humble farmsteads. Forming a cornerstone of the geographical lore of Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, debate on the origins, development, and collapse of the Zimbabwe culture has never ceased, and with increasing archaeological research over the twentieth century, has become more complex. Thoroughly examining the growth and decline of pre-colonial states on the entire Zimbabwean Plateau and southern Zambezia, Dr. Pikirayi has contributed tremendously towards the archaeological understanding of this extraordinary culture. The Zimbabwe Culture is essential reading for all students and avocationalists of African archaeology, history, and culture.
  mutapa: Becoming Zimbabwe. A History from the Pre-colonial Period to 2008 Brian Raftopoulos, Alois Mlambo, 2009-09-15 Becoming Zimbabwe is the first comprehensive history of Zimbabwe, spanning the years from 850 to 2008. In 1997, the then Secretary General of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, Morgan Tsvangirai, expressed the need for a 'more open and critical process of writing history in Zimbabwe. ...The history of a nation-in-the-making should not be reduced to a selective heroic tradition, but should be a tolerant and continuing process of questioning and re-examination.' Becoming Zimbabwe tracks the idea of national belonging and citizenship and explores the nature of state rule, the changing contours of the political economy, and the regional and international dimensions of the country's history. In their Introduction, Brian Raftopoulos and Alois Mlambo enlarge on these themes, and Gerald Mazarire's opening chapter sets the pre-colonial background. Sabelo Ndlovu tracks the history up to WW11, and Alois Mlambo reviews developments in the settler economy and the emergence of nationalism leading to UDI in 1965. The politics and economics of the UDI period, and the subsequent war of liberation, are covered by Joesph Mtisi, Munyaradzi Nyakudya and Teresa Barnes. After independence in 1980, Zimbabwe enjoyed a period of buoyancy and hope. James Muzondidya's chapter details the transition 'from buoyancy to crisis', and Brian Raftopoulos concludes the book with an analysis of the decade-long crisis and the global political agreement which followed.
  mutapa: The Archaeological Identity of the Mutapa State Innocent Pikirayi, 1993
  mutapa: The Cambridge History of Africa J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver, 1975-09-18 This volume looks at developments in Africa during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
  mutapa: Zimbabwe Sean Sheehan, 2004 Explores the geography, history, government, economy, people, and culture of Zimbabwe.
  mutapa: The History of Africa Molefi Kete Asante, 2012-08-21 This book provides a wide-ranging history of Africa from earliest prehistory to the present day – using the cultural, social, political, and economic lenses of Africa as instruments to illuminate the ordinary lives of Africans. The result is a fresh survey that includes a wealth of indigenous ideas, African concepts, and traditional outlooks that have escaped the writing of African history in the West. This straightforward, illustrated and factual text allows the reader to access the major developments, personalities and events on the African continent. Written by a world expert in African history, this ground-breaking survey is an indispensable guide.
  mutapa: A History of Zimbabwe A. S. Mlambo, 2014-04-07 Examines Zimbabwe's pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial social, economic and political history and relates historical factors and trends to more recent developments in the country.
  mutapa: Malawi Zoë Groves, Jessica Johnson, 2025-06-27 This book explores Malawi’s recent history in light of longer-term historical developments, contributing important new insights to debates about migration, citizenship, chieftaincy, language, cultural practice, anti-colonialism and nationalism. The book is organised around five key themes: Rethinking Kamuzu Banda’s Malawi; Rural Development and Agricultural Production; Power and Politics from pre- to post-colony; Malawi and the Southern African Region; and ‘Culture’ and Cultural Production. The focus on a single country facilitates consideration of local particularities, as well as indentification of similarities in the trajectories and challenges shared with other countries in Africa. This book provides a nuanced understanding of Hastings Kamuzu Banda (Malawi’s first Prime Minister and President, 1964-94) and the legacy of his rule. Chapters analyse decolonisation in a political and a cultural sense, and show how the beginning and end of colonial rule were gradual processes rather than sharp ruptures. Individual chapters expand our knowledge of the history of public health, development, rural livelihoods, food production, and agricultural policy, as well as prompting new debate on migration, citizenship, chieftaincy, language, cultural practice, anti-colonialism and nationalism. This book will be of particular interest to scholars of Malawi and the wider Southern African region. Nine of the chapters were originally published in a special issue of the Journal of Southern African Studies, volume 46, issue 2 (2020). This volume contains a revised Introduction, five additional chapters, all previously published in JSAS, and a new Afterword.
  mutapa: Area Handbook for Mozambique Irving Kaplan, 1977
  mutapa: Dictionary of African Biography Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 2012-02-02 From the Pharaohs to Fanon, Dictionary of African Biography provides a comprehensive overview of the lives of the men and women who shaped Africa's history. Unprecedented in scale, DAB covers the whole continent from Tunisia to South Africa, from Sierra Leone to Somalia. It also encompasses the full scope of history from Queen Hatsheput of Egypt (1490-1468 BC) and Hannibal, the military commander and strategist of Carthage (243-183 BC), to Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana (1909-1972), Miriam Makeba and Nelson Mandela of South Africa (1918 -).
  mutapa: History A-Level (ZIMSEC) Past Exam Questions and Model Answers David Chitate , 2024-06-06 This book contains the most comprehensive question bank and model answers for ZIMSEC A-Level History exam questions. It also includes syllabus review notes and exercises. History subject Examiners provide observations and tips and point out common errors that students make when answering questions. If you use this book faithfully, it will be almost impossible for you to fail. Use this book and earn yourself a Grade A in History.
  mutapa: Nationalism and Territoriality in Barue and Mozambique André Van Dokkum, 2020-05-06 Nationalism, as an ideology coupling self-conscious peoples to fixed territories, is often seen as emerging from European historical developments, also in postcolonial countries outside Europe. André van Dokkum’s Nationalism and Territoriality in Barue and Mozambique shows that this view is not universally true. The precolonial Kingdom of Barue in what is now Mozambique showed characteristics generally associated with nationalism, giving the country great resilience against colonial encroachment. Postcolonial Mozambique, on the other hand, has so far not succeeded in creating national coherence. The former anti-colonial organization and now party in power Frelimo has always stressed national unity, but only under its own guidance, paradoxically producing disunity.
  mutapa: The Unknown of the Known in Africa James Qeqe, 2018-03-01 The Unknown of the Known in Africa is the story of George Eden Bess from Germany who does research as a historian. George unveils unknown King Shaka and his plan to make Southern Africa to be in his palm of hand. George's purpose becomes a plan to bring back Africans united, as there is no African foreigner in an African country. Africa belongs to all Africans and all Africans belong to all African countries. James' novel also shows that Africans should be against Xenophobia. The Unknown of the Known in Africa brings the genuine perspective and description of the Mfecane Wars also known as Difaqane which simply means the disruption during the period of late late 17th and early 18th century—the time of chiefdoms in Southern Africa. Africans might come from different tribes, but still Africans. We cannot change the past, but we can fix the present, and we can change the future. May God bless Africa.
  mutapa: A Military History of Africa Timothy J. Stapleton, 2013-10-21 A detailed and thorough chronological overview of the history of warfare and military structures in Africa, covering ancient times to the present day. A Military History of Africa achieves a daunting task: it synthesizes decades of specialized academic research and literature—including the most recent material—to offer an accessible survey of Africa's military history, from the earliest times to the present day. The first volume examines the precolonial period beginning with warfare in ancient North Africa including ancient Egypt and Carthage and continues through the cavalry-based Muslim empires of the trans-Sahara trade and the wars of the slave trade in West and East Africa. The second volume focuses on the wars of European colonial conquest and African resistance during the late 19th century, African participation in both world wars, and the early violent struggles for independence from the 1950s and early 1960s. The third volume explores warfare in postcolonial Africa, including coverage of the impact of the global Cold War, conflicts in Southern Africa from the 1960s to 1980s, the development of postcolonial African armed forces, and civil wars sparked by the discovery of precious resources, such as diamonds in Sierra Leone. Readers of this three-volume work will understand how warfare and military structures have been consistently central to the development of African societies.
  mutapa: African Traditional Religion Encounters Christianity John Chitakure, 2017-11-07 Right from the beginning of humankind, God has never deprived a people of his grace and revelation. In fact, God uses people’s environment and culture to communicate his will. There is no single religion that can claim to have the exclusive possession of God’s revelation, for God is too immense to be confined within one faith. Hence, it was erroneous, blasphemous, and misleading for some of the early Christian missionaries to Africa to claim that they had brought God to Africa, a mentality that implied the non-existence of God in Africa before their arrival. Of course, God was already in Africa, but the missionaries either failed to discern his presence or just disregarded the traces of his existence. This book explores the religious beliefs, practices, and values of the indigenous people of Africa at the time of the early missionaries’ arrival, with particular reference to the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It also evaluates the extent of the missionarie’s successes and challenges in converting Africans to Christianity. It finally surveys how African Christians have remained attached to the indigenous religious beliefs that used to provide answers to their existential questions.
  mutapa: Man, Know Thyself Rick Duncan, 2013-07-09 ‘Man, Know Thyself’ is perhaps one of the world’s oldest and most important sayings. This adage was originally coined by Imhotep the world’s first multi-genius and perhaps the greatest creative mortal individual who ever lived. Imhotep lived over five and a half thousand years ago from our present age. It must be said immediately that Imhotep was an African. He is among our first Notable Ancestors. Considering Imhotep’s instruction, it means that as individuals, as a family, collectively as a people, a community, a society or a nation, we should know ourselves; that is, who we are. This includes knowledge of who spawned us, where we have been and where we currently are. Knowing this, as our Notable Ancestor and Grandmaster Teacher (Baba) Dr John Henrik Clarke has said, will tell us who we are and where we must get to. Who we are is dependent on who we were. Who we were should determine who we should be. To emphasise the point, Marcus Garvey, another of our most important Notable Ancestors, frequently reiterated this advice when he reminded us that our first obligation is to know ourselves. He told us that we should make our knowledge about us so complete so as to make it impossible for others to take advantage of us. He told us that in order to know ourselves we must know who our Ancestors were and what they achieved. We would then realize who we are and what we are capable of achieving. This is the meaning of the African adage and Sankofa symbol of ‘looking back in order to go forward’. The importance of knowing our ancestors has been summed up in an old Native American saying that ‘It is the spirit of our ancestors that should guide our path’. There is a sense however that Africans have forgotten our ancestors. Because of this, there is no ‘spirit’ to guide us and so Africans are lost and confused. The roots of African spirituality and culture have been made redundant. Yet as Dr Clarke points out, the unbilicord that tied Africans to our spiritual and cultural roots have only been stretched. It has never been broken. It is for Africans to come to this realization and to rediscover the spirit of our ancestors. This volume lists some of our Notable Ancestors in the hope that knowledge about them and their achievements will aid some of us in understanding where we have been, who we presently are and consequently who we must become. Ultimately, it is hoped that we may use this knowledge to reconnect with the spirit of our Ancestors and let them be our guide. This volume is based on the ‘truth’ about Africans and therefore correcting what is ‘told’ about us. This ‘corrective knowledge’ of us is important because as Imhotep said; ‘Know the truth and the truth shall set you free’. This means being free to interpret our own story and to define who we are. This is crucial because although ‘history’ is a witness to the truths, ‘history’ has been ‘stolen’ by others who have hidden the truths about us. ‘History’ has never been true or kind to Africans and therefore it cannot tell us about us. Yet as Peter Tosh intimated, we cannot come to a consciousness of ourselves, of who we are, if we do not know the truths about us. ‘History’ has been described as the ‘Queen’ of the academic subjects. So important is History that it is said that ‘whoever controls history, controls the future’. In one sense education in general and history in particular is about teaching us who we are. History teaches who we are so as to help us to know where we belong in our community (or society). Africans cannot know where we belong in society however, because our story has been told by ‘others’ (those who ‘own history’). Africans are therefore unaware of who we are because what is ‘known’ about us is not the truth about us. The story of Africans, the oldest people on earth, like the history of the world, is taught by ‘others’. Yet these others came into the world thousands of years after Africans had already established great civ
  mutapa: African Kingdoms Linda Hill, AI, 2025-03-19 African Kingdoms challenges conventional, often Eurocentric, views by exploring the sophisticated political, economic, and military systems of pre-colonial African societies. Delving into major kingdoms like Great Zimbabwe and the Ashanti Empire, the book reveals how these societies were active agents in shaping their own destinies and influencing global events. It highlights that many of these kingdoms possessed complex governance structures and extensive trade networks, demonstrating their significant contributions to global civilization, often overlooked in traditional histories. This exploration unfolds chapter by chapter, beginning with an introduction that sets the stage by addressing common misconceptions. Subsequent chapters provide case studies, analyzing each kingdom's political structure, economic systems, and military organization. The book's research relies on diverse sources, including archaeological evidence, oral traditions, and primary accounts, ensuring a balanced portrayal. By prioritizing African voices, African Kingdoms offers a unique and more accurate perspective on pre-colonial African history. The book culminates by synthesizing its findings to assess the overall impact of African kingdoms on regional and global history. It emphasizes their contributions to trade, diplomacy, and cultural exchange, promoting a more nuanced understanding of the African past and its relevance to global history. This approach provides valuable insights into alternative models of governance and development, challenging stereotypes and fostering a deeper appreciation of African heritage.
  mutapa: A Revised History for Advanced Level and Colleges Nassoro Habib Mbwana Msonde, 2017-02-17 This book is much directed to accomplish the readers demand, in particular the students, for advanced level (i.e. high schools and colleges) on African history from the past to the present. It covers the period from the tenth century to the present. It includes the development of precolonial African societies; Africans during the European mercantile time, focusing on similarities and factors for disparities on advancement; and lives of black people in the New World since they arrived as slaves and their contribution on American civilization and development. European colonialism in the second half of the nineteenth century is another important historical era that shaped Africa. As Europe and America advanced into imperialism and neocolonialism, the developing countries in the southern hemisphere still stood in dilemma. A Revised History for Advanced Level & Colleges: Part One justifies and revises important areas, which had been less mentioned or left out by other authors in writing history texts for high schools and colleges. It is made up with eight chapters. The first is Precolonial Africa, then Africa and Europe by AD 1500 revises the level of development between Africa and Europe. Next is People of African Origin in the New World and the Diaspora. Chapter 4, From Colonialism to the First World War, revises the colonial state; its theories of colonial bureaucracy; character, functions, and implication on Africans; agricultural systems; and the World War I while chapter 5 represents the colonial economy and social services after World War II. Chapter 6, The Influence of External Forces, Rise of Nationalism, and the Struggle for Independence, focuses on external factors for decolonization. Chapter 7 is Political and Economic Development in Africa since Independence. Finally, chapter 8 is Sample Questions for Final Examinations and Trials at Schools and Colleges.
  mutapa: The Routledge History of Monarchy Elena Woodacre, Lucinda H.S. Dean, Chris Jones, Zita Rohr, Russell Martin, 2019-06-12 The Routledge History of Monarchy draws together current research across the field of royal studies, providing a rich understanding of the history of monarchy from a variety of geographical, cultural and temporal contexts. Divided into four parts, this book presents a wide range of case studies relating to different aspects of monarchy throughout a variety of times and places, and uses these case studies to highlight different perspectives of monarchy and enhance understanding of rulership and sovereignty in terms of both concept and practice. Including case studies chosen by specialists in a diverse array of subjects, such as history, art, literature, and gender studies, it offers an extensive global and interdisciplinary approach to the history of monarchy, providing a thorough insight into the workings of monarchies within Europe and beyond, and comparing different cultural concepts of monarchy within a variety of frameworks, including social and religious contexts. Opening up the discussion of important questions surrounding fundamental issues of monarchy and rulership, The Routledge History of Monarchy is the ideal book for students and academics of royal studies, monarchy, or political history.
  mutapa: Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, 1999
  mutapa: Guns & Rain David Lan, 1985 Almost every anti-colonial struggle this century has been led by an army of guerrillas. No such struggle has succeeded without a very high degree of cooperation between guerrillas and the local peasantry. But what does cooperation between peasants and guerrillas really consist of? What effect does it have on the way they view the world for which they fight? In the struggle for Zimbabwe (1966-80), hundreds of thousands of peasants provided the guerrillas with practical help and support. But they went a good deal further. Throughout the country scores of spirit mediums, the religious leaders of Shona, gave active support to resistance. With their participation, the scale of the war expanded into an astonishing act of collaboration between ancestors and their descendants, the past and the present, the living and the dead. This book is a detailed study of one key operational zone in the Zambezi valley. It shows that to understand the meaning the war and independence have for the people of Zimbabwe themselves, we must take into account not only the nationalist guerrillas and politicians, the bearers of guns, but also the mediums of the spirits of the Shona royal ancestors, the bringers of rain. [Publisher]
  mutapa: Great Zimbabwe Shadreck Chirikure, 2020-11-29 Conditioned by local ways of knowing and doing, Great Zimbabwe develops a new interpretation of the famous World Heritage site of Great Zimbabwe. It combines archaeological knowledge, including recent material from the author’s excavations, with native concepts and philosophies. Working from a large data set has made it possible, for the first time, to develop an archaeology of Great Zimbabwe that is informed by finds and observations from the entire site and wider landscape. In so doing, the book strongly contributes towards decolonising African and world archaeology. Written in an accessible manner, the book is aimed at undergraduate students, graduate students, and practicing archaeologists both in Africa and across the globe. The book will also make contributions to the broader field such as African Studies, African History, and World Archaeology through its emphasis on developing synergies between local ways of knowing and the archaeology.
  mutapa: Encyclopedia of African Colonial Conflicts Timothy J. Stapleton, 2016-11-07 Two volumes introduce the history of colonial wars in Africa and illustrate why African countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Somalia, and Sudan continue to experience ethnic, political, and religious violence in the early 21st century. This sweeping study examines the wars of colonial conquest fought in Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries. From Britain's efforts to wrest control of the Sudan from military leader Muhammad Ahmad al-Mahdi, to Italy's decisive defeat at the Battle of Adowa in Ethiopia, to Leopold II's brutal reign over the Belgian Congo, the work surveys the devastation reaped upon the continent by colonization and illustrates how its combative influence continues to resonate in Africa today. Written by scholars in the fields of history and politics, this complete reference includes entries on wars, campaigns, rebellions, battles, leaders, and organizations. The work delves into key historical periods including the Scramble for Africa (ca.1880 to 1910); early European colonial wars in Africa, such as the Dutch in the Cape and the Portuguese in Angola and Mozambique; and African rebellions against the early colonial state in the 1890s and early 1900s. Entries feature prominent events and personalities as well as lesser-known occurrences and players.
  mutapa: A History of the Church in Africa Bengt Sundkler, Christopher Steed, 2000-05-04 Bengt Sundkler's long-awaited book on African Christian churches will become the standard reference for the subject.
  mutapa: African Kingdoms Saheed Aderinto, 2017-08-24 This history-rich volume details the sociopolitical, economic, and artistic aspects of African kingdoms from the earliest times to the second half of the 19th century. Africa has a long and fascinating history and is a place of growing importance in the world history curriculum. This detailed encyclopedia covers the history of African kingdoms from antiquity through the mid-19th century, tracing the dynasties' ties to modern globalization and influences on world culture before, during, and after the demise of the slave trade. Along with an exploration of African heritage, this reference is rich with firsthand accounts of Africa through the oral traditions of its people and the written journals of European explorers, missionaries, and travelers who visited Africa from the 15th century and onward. Alphabetically arranged entries cover a particular kingdom and feature information on the economic, cultural, religious, political, social, and environmental history of the regime. The content references popular culture, movies, and art that present contemporary reenactments of kingdoms, emphasizing the importance of history in shaping modern ideas. Other features include primary source documents, a selected bibliography of print and electronic resources, and dozens of sidebars containing key facts and interesting trivia.
  mutapa: Christian Education at the Mutapa Court S. I. G. Mudenge, 1986
  mutapa: General History of Africa International Scientific Committee for the drafting of a General History of Africa, 1992-12-31 One of UNESCO's most important publishing projects in the last thirty years, the General History of Africa marks a major breakthrough in the recognition of Africa's cultural heritage. Offering an internal perspective of Africa, the eight-volume work provides a comprehensive approach to the history of ideas, civilizations, societies and institutions of African history. The volumes also discuss historical relationships among Africans as well as multilateral interactions with other cultures and continents.
  mutapa: Kongo Dibombari MBOCK, 2013-07-15 L'ouvrage que voici marque assurément un tournant décisif dans l'effort entrepris par les Africains de bonne foi de réhabiliter l'Histoire du Continent noir. Nous y découvrons que la notion de Dieu est une notion traditionnelle et intellectuelle africaine, les origines africaines des dieux de l'Olympe, les noms africains des dieux d'Égypte, les origines africaines du Judaïsme, du Christianisme et de l'Islam, les sources africaines de la démocratie parlementaire et du Droit, les sources vivifiantes de cette extraordinaire épopée qui conduira à l'émergence de la civilisation appelée égyptienne, le sens de l'iconographie des principales divinités de la vallée du Nil, les sources africaines de la franc-maçonnerie, les sources de la légende du Saint-Graal, l'objet de la circoncision, l'origine et la fonction des cathédrales, la fonction du sarcophage, les origines de la chimie et de la biologie, et les fondations africaines de Rome sont autant de sujets spécifiquement abordés.
  mutapa: Palaces of Stone Mike Main, 2021-04-01 Across the face of southern Africa are more than 460 remarkable stone palaces – some small, others rambling, but many are astonishing. All are the legacy of kingdoms past. Some, such as Great Zimbabwe, Khami in Botswana and Mapungubwe in South Africa, are famous world heritage sites, but the majority are unknown to the general public, unsung and unappreciated. Palaces of Stone brings to life the history of various early African societies, from AD 900 to approximately 1850. By exploring a selection of known and unknown sites, the authors uncover the emergence of ancient civilisations and reconstruct the meaning of the ruins they left behind. Woven into the narrative are stories of powerful political states; ¬ ourishing local economies; long-distance trade; and the destruction wrought by colonialism and modern-day treasure hunters. This book will appeal to anyone interested in Africa’s ancient heritage. Sales points: Uncovers a little-known but rich period in the history and heritage of Africa. Covers sites in South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Features photographs, maps and diagrams of archaeological sites. Would appeal to anyone interested in the history and culture of Africa.
  mutapa: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Walter Rodney, 2018-10-23 How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is an ambitious masterwork of political economy, detailing the impact of slavery and colonialism on the history of international capitalism. In this classic book, Rodney makes the unflinching case that African maldevelopment is not a natural feature of geography, but a direct product of imperial extraction from the continent, a practice that continues up into the present. Meticulously researched, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa remains an unshakably relevant study of the so-called great divergence between Africa and Europe, just as it remains a prescient resource for grasping the the multiplication of global inequality today. In this new edition, Angela Davis offers a striking foreword to the book, exploring its lasting contributions to a revolutionary and feminist practice of anti-imperialism.
  mutapa: Archives, Objects, Places and Landscapes Manyanga, Munyaradzi, Chirikure, Shadreck, 2017-04-11 Dissatisfaction has matured in Africa and elsewhere around the fact that often, the dominant frameworks for interpreting the continent's past are not rooted on the continent's value system and philosophy. This creates knowledge that does not make sense especially to local communities. The big question therefore is can Africans develop theories that can contribute towards the interpretation of the African past, using their own experiences? Framed within a concept revision substrate, the collection of papers in this thought provoking volume argues for concept revision as a step towards decolonizing knowledge in the post-colony. The various papers powerfully expose that 'cleansed' knowledge is not only locally relevant: it is also locally accessible and globally understandable.
  mutapa: Short History of Africa Gordon Kerr, 2012-06-01 A comprehensive introduction to the sprawling history of this enormous continent, from the dawn of human time in prehistoric Africa right through to Arab Spring Beginning with the origins of the human race and the development of stone age technology, this history of the cradle of civilization moves through ancient and medieval times, the significance of the Arab presence, the Muslim states, and the trans-Saharan trade. It continues with the rise and fall of nation states and kingdoms prior to the arrival of Europeans, Ghana, the Kingdoms of the Forest and Savanna, Yoruba, Oyo, Benin, Asante, Luba, Lunda, Lozil, and many others, on to the beginning of the slave trade, and the European conquest and colonization of sub-Saharan Africa, the Scramble for Africa. Finally moving onto the often bitter struggles for independence from that period of colonization and exploitation, it concludes with an assessment of Africa in the 21st century.
  mutapa: Learning to Lead for Transformation Emmanuel Ngara, 2022-06-16 Learning to Lead for Transformation takes an international and inclusive approach, exploring learning and educational leadership from different cultural and theoretical perspectives, from Habermas' theory of cognitive interests to Freire's approach to education and Ngara's decolonized epistemology and Ubuntu-based developmental approach. Enriching his presentation with Japanese and Western examples, Ngara uses the African tradition of storytelling as well as engaging exercises to explore: - The developmental approach to teaching and learning - The link between the proposed pedagogy and leadership development - The importance of relevant curriculum content - The importance of approaches based on indigenous knowledge systems or cultural traditions. Each topic is introduced with a “tuning in exercise”, and the reader is guided to reflect on their own experiences and understanding throughout the book with discussion points and activities.
  mutapa: African Democratic Montage E. Ike Udogu, 2025-03-10 “African Democratic Montage: Case Studies on Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Kenya” explores the challenges African states face in achieving democratic consolidation. The book highlights that these countries have constitutional tools, human rights frameworks, the African Union’s code of leadership, and democratic election principles to foster good governance. However, their varied application of these tools leads to different democratic outcomes. Coincidentally, the book addresses the resurgence of military coups in some African countries, exposing democracy's fragility and calling for solutions to prevent future coups. It provides a brief history of each country’s pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial periods, showcasing their unique democratic journeys. The volume notes that the struggle for democratic consolidation is hindered by issues in electoral contests and human rights violations. Nevertheless, it suggests that enforcing constitutional human rights and adhering to African Union declarations can promote good governance, democratic consolidation, peaceful coexistence, and national cohesion.
  mutapa: Crafting Identity in Zimbabwe and Mozambique Elizabeth MacGonagle, 2007 Crosses conventional theoretical, temporal, and geographical boundaries to show how the Ndau of southeast Africa actively shaped their own identity over a four-hundred-year period.
  mutapa: A History of African Societies to 1870 Elizabeth Isichei, 1997-04-13 This comprehensive and detailed exploration of the African past, from prehistory to approximately 1870, is intended to provide a fully up-to-date complement to the Cambridge History of Africa. Reflecting several emphases in recent scholarship, it focusses on the changing modes of production, on gender relations and on ecology, laying particular stress on viewing 'history from below'. A distinctive theme is to be found in its analyses of cognitive history. The work falls into three sections. The first comprises a historiographic analysis, and covers the period from the dawn of prehistory to the end of the Early Iron Age. The second and third sections are, for the most part, organised on regional lines; the second section ends in the sixteenth century; the third carries the story on to 1870. A second volume, now in preparation, will cover the period from 1870 to 1995. This book attempts a more rounded view of African history than most of the other textbooks on the subject addressed to a (largely) undergraduate level student. Earlier histories have tended to ignore some of the current foci in the scholarly literature on Africa, generally not reflected in the textbooks: these include discussions of topical issues like ecology and gender. Isichei's book is also more radical.
  mutapa: The Zambesian Past Eric Stokes, 1966
  mutapa: Farmers, Kings, and Traders Martin Hall, 1990-10-15 In this overview of the origins and development of black societies in southern Africa, Martin Hall reconstructs the region's past by throughly examining both the archaeological and the historical records. Beginning with the gradual southward movement of the earliest farmers nearly two thousand years ago, Hall tracks the emergence of precolonial states such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. Farmers, Kings, and Traders concludes with the devastating effects of colonialism. Through a close reading of the accounts of early travelers, colonialists, archaeologists, and historians, Hall places in context the often contradictory histories that have been written of this region. The result is an illuminating look at how ideas about the past have themselves changed over time.
  mutapa: African Historical Archaeologies Andrew M. Reid, Paul J. Lane, 2003-11-30 This volume explores the range of interactions between the historical sources and archaeology that are available on the African continent. Written by a range of experts on different aspects of African archaeology, this book represents the first consideration of historical archaeology over the African continent as a whole. This seminal volume also explores Africa's place in global systems of thought and economic development and is of interest to historical archaeologists and historians.
  mutapa: The Church in Africa, 1450-1950 Adrian Hastings, 1995-01-05 I can merely admire his courage in tackling so complex and difficult a subject; he should succeed in stimulating a fresh generation of research... this well-written, intelligent and lively study will greatly stimulate anyone fortunate enough to read it. Christianity provided the constitutive identity of historic Ethiopia. From the sixteenth century, and increasingly from the nineteenth, it entered decisively into the life and culture of an increasing number of other African peoples. In the course of the twentieth century, African Christians have become a major part of the world Church, and arguably modern African history as a whole is not intelligible without its powerful Christian element. Yet despite the great advance in African historiography over the last forty years, this is the first major volume to consider the historical development and character of the Christian Church in Africa as a whole, linking together Ehtiopia Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and the numerousm 'Independent' churches of modern times. The book focuses throughout on the role of coversion, the shaping of Church life and its relationship to traditional values, and the impact of political power. Professor Hastings also compares the relation of Christian history to the comprable development of Islam in Africa.
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1 day ago · Valle, then 16, fatally stabbed 17-year-old James McGrath, 17, outside a house party in Shelton, but …

Raul Valle not guilty in stabbing death of Fairfield Pr…
1 day ago · Raul Valle, accused of stabbing Fairfield, Connecticut prep school lacrosse player James "Jimmy" McGrath in March of 2022, has been found not guilty of murder.

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Sign in to Gmail - Computer - Gmail Help - Google Help
To open Gmail, you can sign in from a computer or add your account to the Gmail app on your phone or tablet. Once you're signed in, open your inbox to check your mail.