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| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Letters to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II. Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq, 1961 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Letters of Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq, 1962 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400-1650 Thomas A. Brady, 2009-07-13 This book studies the connections between the political reform of the Holy Roman Empire and the German lands around 1500 and the sixteenth-century religious reformations, both Protestant and Catholic. It argues that the character of the political changes (dispersed sovereignty, local autonomy) prevented both a general reformation of the Church before 1520 and a national reformation thereafter. The resulting settlement maintained the public peace through politically structured religious communities (confessions), thereby avoiding further religious strife and fixing the confessions into the Empire's constitution. The Germans' emergence into the modern era as a people having two national religions was the reformation's principal legacy to modern Germany. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Holy Roman Empire James Bryce Bryce (Viscount), 1895 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Reign of Charles V William Maltby, 2017-04-17 Why should we remember the reign of Charles V? What happened in those years that altered the course of history and helped to shape the world we live in today? Few ages have been more important to the history of Europe and America than the reign of Charles V. Charles ruled the first truly global empire, his sovereignty extending beyond Spain to the Netherlands, much of Italy, the Americas, and the Holy Roman Empire. His life saw the waning of the Renaissance, the religious transformation of Europe by the Protestant and Catholic Reformations, and the emergence of Spain as a leading international power. At the same time, the conquests of Mexico and Peru, the establishment of a Habsburh empirein eastern Europe, and a series of wars with France, the Ottoman Empire and the German Protestants transformed European politics and the global economy. William Maltby's engaging new study not only looks at Charles V as a person, but also examines important critical issues: the emperor's policies and their consequences; the institional, economic and intellectual development of his various realms; and his military and diplomatic struggles. Concise and readable, it provides students and the general reader with an indispensable introduction to a reign that defies historical comparison, and an era that changed the world. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Mercurial Emperor Peter H. Marshall, 2007 In the late sixteenth century the greatest philosophers, alchemists, astronomers, painters and mathematicians flocked to Prague to work under the patronage of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II - an emperor more interested in the great minds of his times than in the exercise of his immense power. Rarely leaving Prague Castle, he gathered around himself a galaxy of celebrated figures: among them the painter Arcimboldo, thee astronomer Tycho Brahe, the mathematician Johannes Kepler, the philosopher Giordano Bruno and the magus John Dee. Fascinated by the new Renaissance learning, Rudolf found it nearly impossible to make decisions of state. Like Faust, he was prepared to risk all in the pursuit of magical knowledge and the Philosopher's Stone which would turn base metals into gold and prolong life indefinitely. But he also faced threats: religious discord, the Ottoman Empire, his own deepening melancholy and an ambitious younger brother. As a result he lost his empire and nearly his sanity. But he enabled Prague to enjoy a golden age of peace and creativity before Europe was engulfed in the Thirty Years' War. Filled with angels and devils, high art and low cunning, talismans and stars, The Mercurial Emperor offers a captivating perspective on a pivotal moment in the history of Western civilisation. 'An admirable and fascinating book.' Alex Butterworth, Observer 'An entertaining description of life at the heart of a Europe stained by the clash of new and old ideas...an enjoyable description of an extraordinary epoch.' Greg Neale, BBC History Magazine |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Letters of Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq to the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II Ogier Ghislain De Busbecq, 2011-05-01 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Animating Empire Jessica Keating, 2018-05-09 In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, German clockwork automata were collected, displayed, and given as gifts throughout the Holy Roman, Ottoman, and Mughal Empires. In Animating Empire, Jessica Keating recounts the lost history of six such objects and reveals the religious, social, and political meaning they held. The intricate gilt, silver, enameled, and bejeweled clockwork automata, almost exclusively crafted in the city of Augsburg, represented a variety of subjects in motion, from religious figures to animals. Their movements were driven by gears, wheels, and springs painstakingly assembled by clockmakers. Typically wound up and activated by someone in a position of power, these objects and the theological and political arguments they made were highly valued by German-speaking nobility. They were often given as gifts and as tribute payment, and they played remarkable roles in the Holy Roman Empire, particularly with regard to courtly notions about the important early modern issues of universal Christian monarchy, the Reformation, the Counter-Reformation, the encroachment of the Ottoman Empire, and global trade. Demonstrating how automata produced in the Holy Roman Empire spoke to a convergence of historical, religious, and political circumstances, Animating Empire is a fascinating analysis of the animation of inanimate matter in the early modern period. It will appeal especially to art historians and historians of early modern Europe. E-book editions have been made possible through support of the Art History Publication Initiative (AHPI), a collaborative grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Last Emperor of Mexico Edward Shawcross, 2024-09-03 The superbly entertaining and well‑researched (Financial Times) history of Maximilian and Carlota, the European aristocrats who stumbled into power in Mexico--and faced bloody consequences. In the 1860s, Napoleon III, intent on curbing the rise of American imperialism, persuaded a young Austrian archduke and a Belgian princess to leave Europe and become the emperor and empress of Mexico. They and their entourage arrived in a Mexico ruled by terror, where revolutionary fervor was barely suppressed by French troops. When the United States, now clear of its own Civil War, aided the rebels in pushing back Maximilian's imperial soldiers, the French army withdrew, abandoning the young couple. The regime fell apart. Maximilian was executed by a firing squad and Carlota, secluded in a Belgian castle, descended into madness. Assiduously researched and vividly told, The Last Emperor of Mexico is a dramatic story of European hubris, imperialist aspirations clashing with revolutionary fervor, and the Old World breaking from the New. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Golden Bull Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, 2019-11-02 The Golden Bull of 1356 (German: Goldene Bulle, Latin: Bulla Aurea) was a decree issued by the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg and Metz (Diet of Metz (1356/57)) headed by the Emperor Charles IV which fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire. It was named the Golden Bull for the golden seal it carried. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Dynasty and Piety Luc Duerloo, 2016-04-29 The youngest son of Emperor Maximilian II, and nephew of Philip II of Spain, Archduke Albert (1559-1621) was originally destined for the church. However, dynastic imperatives decided otherwise and in 1598, upon his marriage to Philip's daughter, the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia, he found himself ruler of the Habsburg Netherlands, one of the most dynamic yet politically unstable territories in early-modern Europe. Through an investigation of Albert's reign, this book offers a new and fuller understanding of international events of the time, and the Habsburg role in them. Drawing on a wide range of archival and visual material, the resulting study of Habsburg political culture demonstrates the large degree of autonomy enjoyed by the archducal regime, which allowed Albert and his entourage to exert a decisive influence on several crucial events: preparing the ground for the Anglo-Spanish peace of 1604 by the immediate recognition of King James, clearing the way for the Twelve Years' Truce by conditionally accepting the independence of the United Provinces, reasserting Habsburg influence in the Rhineland by the armed intervention of 1614 and devising the terms of the Oñate Treaty of 1617. In doing so the book shows how they sought to initiate a realistic policy of consolidation benefiting the Spanish Monarchy and the House of Habsburg. Whilst previous work on the subject has tended to concentrate on either the relationship between Spain and the Netherlands or between Spain and the Empire, this book offers a far deeper and much more nuanced insight in how the House of Habsburg functioned as a dynasty during these critical years of increasing religious tensions. Based on extensive research in the archives left by the archducal regime and its diplomatic partners or rivals, it bridges the gap between the reigns of Philip II and Philip IV and puts research into the period onto a fascinating new basis. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Catholic Belief and Survival in Late Sixteenth-Century Vienna Elaine Fulton, 2016-12-05 Dr Georg Eder was an extraordinary figure who rose from humble origins to hold a number of high positions at Vienna University and the city's Habsburg court between 1552 and 1584. His increasingly uncompromising Catholicism eventually placed him at odds, however, with many influential figures around him, not least the confessionally moderate Habsburg Emperor, Maximillian II. Pivoting around a dramatic incident in 1573, when Eder's ferocious anti-Lutheran polemic, the Evangelical Inquisition, fell under sharp Imperial condemnation, this book investigates three key aspects of his career. It examines Eder's position as a Catholic in the predominantly Protestant Vienna of his day; the public expression of Eder's Catholicism and the strong Jesuit influence on the same; and Eder's rescue and subsequent survival as a lay advocate of Catholic reform, largely through the alternative protection of the Habsburgs' rivals, the Wittelsbach Dukes of Bavaria. Based on a wide variety of printed and manuscript material, this study contributes to existing historiography by reconstructing the career of one of late sixteenth-century Vienna's most prominent figures. In a broader sense it also adds significantly to the wider canon of Reformation history by re-examining the nature and extent of Catholicism at the Viennese court in the latter half of the sixteenth century. It concludes by emphasising the importance of influential laity such as Eder in advancing the cause of Catholic reform, and challenges the prevalent portrayal of the sixteenth-century Catholic laity as an anonymous and largely passive group who merely responded to the ministries of others. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Magic Circle of Rudolf II Peter Marshall, 2006-08-22 An intriguing portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, heir to the Habsburg empire, focuses on the thirty-six-year reign and the extraordinary mathematicians, alchemists, artists, astronomers, and philosophers who made up his court--including Johannes Kepler, Tycho Brahe, Francis Bacon, and others--and made Prague the artistic and scientific center of Europe. 25,000 first printing. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Triumphs of the Emperor Maximilian I. Hans Burgkmair, Adam von Bartsch, 1873 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Ferdinand II, Counter-Reformation Emperor, 1578–1637 Robert Bireley, 2014-11-17 Emperor Ferdinand II (1619–37) stands out as a crucial figure in the Counter-Reformation in central Europe, a leading player in the Thirty Years War, the most important ruler in the consolidation of the Habsburg monarchy, and the emperor who reinvigorated the office after its decline under his two predecessors. This is the first biography since a long-outdated one written in German in 1978, and the first ever in English. It looks at his reign as territorial ruler of Inner Austria from 1598 until his election as emperor and especially at the influence of his mother, the formidable Archduchess Maria, in order to understand his later policies as emperor. This book focuses on the consistency of his policies and the profound influence of religion throughout his career, and follows the contest at court between those who favored consolidation of the Habsburg lands and those who aimed for expansion in the empire. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Holy Roman Empire Brian A. Pavlac, Elizabeth S. Lott, 2019-06-01 Reference entries, overview essays, and primary source document excerpts survey the history and unveil the successes and failures of the longest-lasting European empire. The Holy Roman Empire endured for ten centuries. This book surveys the history of the empire from the formation of a Frankish Kingdom in the sixth century through the efforts of Charlemagne to unify the West around A.D. 800, the conflicts between emperors and popes in the High Middle Ages, and the Reformation and the Wars of Religion in the Early Modern period to the empire's collapse under Napoleonic rule. A historical overview and timeline are followed by sections on government and politics, organization and administration, individuals, groups and organizations, key events, the military, objects and artifacts, and key places. Each of these topical sections begins with an overview essay, which is followed by alphabetically arranged reference entries on significant topics. The book includes a selection of primary source documents, each of which is introduced by a contextualizing headnote, and closes with a selected, general bibliography. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273-1700 Jean Berenger, C.A. Simpson, 2014-07-22 The first part of a two-volume history of the Habsburg Empire from its medieval origins to its dismemberment in the First World War. This important volume (which is self-contained) meets a long-felt need for a systematic survey in English of the Habsburgs and their lands in the late medieval and early modern periods. It is primarily concerned with the Habsburg territories in central and northern Europe, but the history of the Spanish Habsburgs in Spain and the Netherlands is also covered. The book, like the Habsburgs themselves, deals with an immense range of lands and peoples: clear, balanced, and authoritative, it is a remarkable feat of synthethis and exposition. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Emperor Geoffrey Parker, 2019-06-25 This “elegant and engaging” biography dramatically reinterprets the life and reign of the sixteenth-century Holy Roman Emperor: “a masterpiece” (Susannah Lipscomb, Financial Times). The life of Emperor Charles V (1500–1558), ruler of Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, and much of Italy and Central and South America, has long intrigued biographers. But capturing the nature of this elusive man has proven notoriously difficult—especially given his relentless travel, tight control of his own image, and the complexity of governing the world’s first transatlantic empire. Geoffrey Parker, one of the world’s leading historians of early modern Europe, has examined the surviving written sources in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, and Spanish, as well as visual and material evidence. In Emperor, he explores the crucial decisions that created and preserved this vast empire, analyzes Charles’s achievements within the context of both personal and structural factors, and scrutinizes the intimate details of the ruler’s life for clues to his character and inclinations. The result is a unique biography that interrogates every dimension of Charles’s reign and views the world through the emperor’s own eyes. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Historical Dictionary of Austria Paula Sutter Fichtner, 2009-06-11 This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Austria has been thoroughly updated and greatly expanded. Greater attention has been given to foreign affairs, economic institutions and policies, Austrian financial and commercial relations with the countries of the former Soviet bloc, social issues, religion, and politics. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Anna, Duchess of Cleves Heather R. Darsie, 2019-04-15 A fresh look at Anne of Cleves’ life as a German noblewoman, and the Continental politics that affected her marriage. Did the doomed union really cause the fall and execution of Thomas Cromwell? |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Rise and Fall of the Holy Roman Empire David Criswell, 2005-11 The controversial history of the Holy Roman Empire is back in print. Attacked by revisionist historians for its integration of church history and the secular history of the Holy Roman Empire, The Rise and Fall of the Holy Roman Empire is the only complete history of the Holy Roman Empire from Charlemagne to Napoleon currently in print. Moreover, it deals not just with the emperors but with the larger empire as it was viewed by the medieval Europeans themselves. Every emperor and pope is discussed as well as the significant kings of Europe who helped shape the empire and the Middle Ages. Further, it traces the history of the various Christian sects and the evolution of the church. The Reformation did not arise out of nowhere; it was in the making for three hundred years or more. Consequently, this history is neither for those who believe religion to be the source of evil, nor for those who believe the papacy to be the pure uncorrupted line of Saint Peter. In the words of the author, the Holy Roman Empire was a mixture of good and evil, and was the seed of everything good and evil that has since encompassed the globe ... Without the Holy Roman Empire, there are no middle ages; without the middle ages, there is no Reformation and no Renaissance; without the Reformation, there are no Puritans; without the Puritans, there is no modern democracy; without modern democracy, there is no modern world. Science, art, literature, and even modern democracy are all products of the Reformation and Renaissance yet without the middles ages, these would never have existed ... the Holy Roman Empire is the seed for everything good and bad that has happened since that time. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Holy Roman Empire Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger, 2021-05-11 A new interpretation of the Holy Roman Empire that reveals why it was not a failed state as many historians believe The Holy Roman Empire emerged in the Middle Ages as a loosely integrated union of German states and city-states under the supreme rule of an emperor. Around 1500, it took on a more formal structure with the establishment of powerful institutions--such as the Reichstag and Imperial Chamber Court--that would endure more or less intact until the empire's dissolution by Napoleon in 1806. Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger provides a concise history of the Holy Roman Empire, presenting an entirely new interpretation of the empire's political culture and remarkably durable institutions. Rather than comparing the empire to modern states or associations like the European Union, Stollberg-Rilinger shows how it was a political body unlike any other--it had no standing army, no clear boundaries, no general taxation or bureaucracy. She describes a heterogeneous association based on tradition and shared purpose, bound together by personal loyalty and reciprocity, and constantly reenacted by solemn rituals. In a narrative spanning three turbulent centuries, she takes readers from the reform era at the dawn of the sixteenth century to the crisis of the Reformation, from the consolidation of the Peace of Augsburg to the destructive fury of the Thirty Years' War, from the conflict between Austria and Prussia to the empire's downfall in the age of the French Revolution. Authoritative and accessible, The Holy Roman Empire is an incomparable introduction to this momentous period in the history of Europe. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Life in the Georgian Court Catherine Curzon, 2016-08-31 This lively history of Europe’s royal families through the 18th and early 19th centuries reveals the decadence and danger of court life. As the glittering Hanoverian court gives birth to the British Georgian era, a golden age of royalty dawns in Europe. Houses rise and fall, births, marriages and scandals change the course of history. Meanwhile, in France, Revolution stalks the land. Life in the Georgian Court pulls back the curtain on the opulent court of the doomed Bourbons, the absolutist powerhouse of Romanov Russia, and the epoch-defining royal family whose kings gave their name to the era, the House of Hanover. Beneath the powdered wigs and robes of state were real people living lives of romance, tragedy, intrigue and eccentricity. Historian Catherine Curzon reveals the private lives of these very public figures, vividly recounting the arranged marriages that turned to love or hate and the scandals that rocked polite society. Here the former wife of a king spends three decades in lonely captivity, King George IV makes scandalous eyes at the toast of the London stage, and Marie Antoinette begins her final journey through Paris as her son sits alone in a forgotten prison cell. Life in the Georgian Court is a privileged peek into the glamorous, tragic and iconic courts of the Georgian world, where even a king could take nothing for granted. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Habsburg Mediterranean 1500-1800 Stefan Hanß, Dorothea McEwan, 2021-10-07 This volume presents the Mediterranean as a crucial part of the social and cultural fabric of the early modern Habsburg world. The sea was a stage on which Habsburg history was made and unmade. The Habsburg Mediterranean was a space where constant changes and exchanges took place, touching hierarchies, power-relationships, commerce and the everyday actions of people. The cases in point focus on the significance of the Mediterranean as a site of transporting ideas, people, plants, animals and objects. These flows drew the Iberian and Central European branches of the Habsburg dynasty into overlapping, mutually interactive and at times competing relations. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Thirty Years War Peter H. Wilson, 2019-08-20 A deadly continental struggle, the Thirty Years War devastated seventeenth-century Europe, killing nearly a quarter of all Germans and laying waste to towns and countryside alike. Peter Wilson offers the first new history in a generation of a horrifying conflict that transformed the map of the modern world. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Catalogue of Early German and Flemish Woodcuts Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum British Museum. Department of Prints and Drawings, Campbell Dodgson, 1911 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Queen's Apprentice Joseph F. Patrouch, 2010 This study seeks to examine a number of themes relating to the roles of the women's court of the central European Habsburgs. These include its role in helping consolidate their holdings in central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire and structure their relations with the rest of Europe. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: German Renaissance Prints 1490-1550 Giulia Bartrum, 1995 Betr. u.a. Hans Holbein d.J., Urs Graf. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Imprudent King Geoffrey Parker, 2014-01-01 Drawing on four decades of research and a recent archival discovery, revises the biography of the sixteenth-century monarch as it relates to his work, religion, and personal life, and sheds light on the causes of his leadership failures. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Prince, Pen, and Sword: Eurasian Perspectives Maaike van Berkel, Jeroen Duindam, 2018-02 A synoptic interpretation of the rulers and elites in Eurasia from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Rudolf II and His World Robert John Weston Evans, 1997 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Joseph II and Bavaria Paul P. Bernard, 1965 they represented a congeries of varied languages, cultures and traditions. Moreover the status of Germany, in theory ruled by the Hapsburgs in their capacity of Holy Roman Emperors, had since the conclusion of the Thirty Years War been in some doubt. In practice the Hapsburgs could count on obedience always in their family dominions, not particularly extensive and mostly concentrated in the West (Vorderosterreich); sometimes in the South German Catholic states; and virtually not at all in the Protestant North. Then, too, in the second half of the seventeenth century Prussia had emerged as a power, which although still technically a part of the Empire, was increasingly capable and willing to pursue a thoroughly independent course. The position of Charles VI was thus not an entirely happy one. The long run alternatives which would seem to have confronted him were either to acquiesce in the continuing erosion of Hapsburg influence in Germany, which ultimately might well have resulted in his ruling over a Danubian Empire with a German-speaking minority; or to try to buttress his position in Germany, which would have required eventually a viable modus vivendi between his German and non-German subjects. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: In the Shadow of the Empress Nancy Goldstone, 2021-09-21 The vibrant, sprawling saga of Empress Maria Theresa—one of the most renowned women rulers in history—and three of her extraordinary daughters, including Marie Antoinette, the doomed queen of France. Out of the thrilling and tempestuous eighteenth century comes the sweeping family saga of beautiful Maria Theresa, a sovereign of uncommon strength and vision, the only woman ever to inherit and rule the vast Habsburg Empire in her own name, and three of her remarkable daughters: lovely, talented Maria Christina, governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands; spirited Maria Carolina, the resolute queen of Naples; and the youngest, Marie Antoinette, the glamorous, tragic queen of France, and perhaps the most famous princess in history. Unfolding against an irresistible backdrop of brilliant courts from Vienna to Versailles, embracing the exotic lure of Naples and Sicily, this epic history of Maria Theresa and her daughters is a tour de force of desire, adventure, ambition, treachery, sorrow, and glory. Each of these women’s lives was packed with passion and heart-stopping suspense. Maria Theresa inherited her father’s thrones at the age of twenty-three and was immediately attacked on all sides by foreign powers confident that a woman would to be too weak to defend herself. Maria Christina, a gifted artist who alone among her sisters succeeded in marrying for love, would face the same dangers that destroyed the monarchy in France. Resourceful Maria Carolina would usher in the golden age of Naples only to face the deadly whirlwind of Napoleon. And, finally, Marie Antoinette, the doomed queen whose stylish excesses and captivating notoriety have masked the truth about her husband and herself for two hundred and fifty years. Vividly written and deeply researched, In the Shadow of the Empress is the riveting story of four exceptional women who changed the course of history. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France Kathleen Wellman, 2013-05-21 DIV This book tells the history of the French Renaissance through the lives of its most prominent queens and mistresses, beginning with Agnès Sorel, the first officially recognized royal mistress in 1444; including Anne of Brittany, Catherine de Medici, Anne Pisseleu, Diane de Poitiers, and Marguerite de Valois, among others; and concluding with Gabrielle d’Estrées, Henry IV’s powerful mistress during the 1590s. Wellman shows that women in both roles—queen and mistress—enjoyed great influence over French politics and culture, not to mention over the powerful men with whom they were involved. The book also addresses the enduring mythology surrounding these women, relating captivating tales that uncover much about Renaissance modes of argument, symbols, and values, as well as our own modern preoccupations. /div |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: The Augsburg Confession Philip Melanchthon, 2017 |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Diplomatic Intelligence on the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark during the Reigns of Elizabeth I and James VI Robert Beale, Daniel Rogers, Sir John Skene, 2016-07-21 Three accounts on the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark written by English and Scottish diplomats during the sixteenth century. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Blenheim Charles Spencer, 2004 How two men brought about the defeat of Louis XIV's previously unbeaten army and saved Europe from French domination - A Sunday Times Bestseller By the summer of 1704 Louis XIV's vast armies dominated Europe. France defeated every alliance formed against her and Louis was poised to extend his frontier to the Rhine and install a French prince on the throne of Spain. Two men saved Europe from French military domination: the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy. Marlborough masterminded a brilliant campaign, working with Eugene to surprise the French invaders inside Germany. The rival armies clashed in August and the hitherto unbeaten French were utterly destroyed. Blenheim was a major turning point in European history. Charles Spencer's narrative is drawn from original sources and moves seamlessly from the deliberations of Kings and princes to the frontline soldiers. This is the battle that creates the enduring reputation of the British redcoat and shatters the image of the 'Sun King' and his mighty army. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Moderate Voices in the European Reformation Luc Racaut, Alec Ryrie, 2005 'Moderation' in Reformation Europe was in short supply. Yet numerous individuals and regimes found themselves forced into positions of moderation as they were caught in the crossfire of confessional debate. Presenting individual case studies and national attempts at conciliation, this collection of essays outlines various approaches towards understanding moderation in Reformation Europe and examines the way moderation was perceived and manipulated in an age of confessional conflict. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Marketing Maximilian Larry Silver, 2008 Long before the photo op, political rulers were manipulating visual imagery to cultivate their authority and spread their ideology. Born just decades after Gutenberg, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (1459-1519) was, Larry Silver argues, the first ruler to exploit the propaganda power of printed images and text. Marketing Maximilian explores how Maximilian used illustrations and other visual arts to shape his image, achieve what Max Weber calls the routinization of charisma, strengthen the power of the Hapsburg dynasty, and help establish the Austro-Hungarian Empire. A fascinating study of the self-fashioning of an early modern ruler who was as much image-maker as emperor, Marketing Maximilian shows why Maximilian remains one of the most remarkable, innovative, and self-aggrandizing royal art patrons in European history. Silver describes how Maximilian--lacking a real capital or court center, the ability to tax, and an easily manageable territory--undertook a vast and expensive visual-media campaign to forward his extravagant claims to imperial rank, noble blood, perfect virtues, and military success. To press these claims, Maximilian patronized and often personally supervised and collaborated with the best printers, craftsmen, and artists of his time (among them no less than Albrecht Dürer) to plan and produce illustrated books, medals, heralds, armor, and an ambitious tomb monument. |
| maximilian ii holy roman emperor: Rudolf II and Prague. Catalogo ufficiale. Ediz. inglese Eliška Fučíková, 1997 |
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519. He was never crowned by the Pope, as the …
Maximilian I | Holy Roman emperor, Biography & Legacy ...
Maximilian I (born March 22, 1459, Wiener Neustadt, Austria—died January 12, 1519, Wels) was the archduke of Austria, German king, and Holy Roman emperor (1493–1519) who made his …
Maximilian I 1459–1519 Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclopedia.com
Maximilian I 1459–1519 Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, one of the most remarkable rulers of the Renaissance, served as the Holy Roman Emperor* from 1493 until 1519. Under his …
The Last Knight: Emperor Maximilian I - Medievalists.net
At the end of the fifteenth century the most powerful person in Europe would certainly have been Maximilian I, the King of the Romans, the Archduke of Austria, and the uncrowned (but in …
Who was Maximilian I of Mexico? - World History Edu
Jun 16, 2024 · Maximilian of Austria, or Maximilian I of Mexico, is undoubtedly one such individual. A European archduke who became the ill-fated emperor of a nation across the …
Maximilian I of Mexico - Wikipedia
Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; German: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was …
Biography of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico - ThoughtCo
Biography of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico - ThoughtCo
Maximilian | Archduke of Austria & Emperor of Mexico - Britannica
May 30, 2025 · Maximilian was an archduke of Austria and the emperor of Mexico, a man whose naive liberalism proved unequal to the international intrigues that had put him on the throne …
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519. He …
Maximilian I | Holy Roman emperor, Biography & Legacy ...
Maximilian I (born March 22, 1459, Wiener Neustadt, Austria—died January 12, 1519, Wels) was the archduke of Austria, German king, and Holy …
Maximilian I 1459–1519 Holy Roman Emperor - Encyclope…
Maximilian I 1459–1519 Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, one of the most remarkable rulers of the Renaissance, served as the Holy Roman Emperor* …
The Last Knight: Emperor Maximilian I - Medievalists.net
At the end of the fifteenth century the most powerful person in Europe would certainly have been Maximilian I, the King of the Romans, the Archduke of …
Who was Maximilian I of Mexico? - World History Edu
Jun 16, 2024 · Maximilian of Austria, or Maximilian I of Mexico, is undoubtedly one such individual. A European archduke who became the ill-fated …
