Metric Pattern Cutting For Women S Wear Download

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  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Metric Pattern Cutting for Women's Wear Winifred Aldrich, 2015-04-06 Metric Pattern Cutting for Women's Wear provides a straightforward introduction to the principles of form pattern cutting for garments to fit the body shape, and flat pattern cutting for casual garments and jersey wear. This sixth edition remains true to the original concept: it offers a range of good basic blocks, an introduction to the basic principles of pattern cutting and examples of their application into garments. Fully revised and updated to include a brand new and improved layout, up-to-date skirt and trouser blocks that reflect the changes in body sizing, along with updates to the computer-aided design section and certain blocks, illustrations and diagrams. This best-selling textbook still remains the essential purchase for students and beginners looking to understand pattern cutting and building confidence to develop their own pattern cutting style.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Metric Pattern Cutting for Women's Wear Winifred Aldrich, 2015-01-22 Metric Pattern Cutting for Women's Wear provides a straightforward introduction to the principles of form pattern cutting for garments to fit the body shape, and flat pattern cutting for casual garments and jersey wear. This sixth edition remains true to the original concept: it offers a range of good basic blocks, an introduction to the basic principles of pattern cutting and examples of their application into garments. Fully revised and updated to include a brand new and improved layout, up-to-date skirt and trouser blocks that reflect the changes in body sizing, along with updates to the computer-aided design section and certain blocks, illustrations and diagrams. This best-selling textbook still remains the essential purchase for students and beginners looking to understand pattern cutting and building confidence to develop their own pattern cutting style.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Metric Pattern Cutting for Children's Wear and Babywear Winifred Aldrich, 2009-07-07 This fourth edition of Metric Pattern Cutting for Children's Wear and Babywear remains the standard text book but has three major improvements. First, the sections have been re-organised to reflect changes in producing and marketing children's clothes. Today's popularity of easy-fitting styles and knitted fabrics means that basic 'flat' pattern cutting is used to construct the majority of children's wear and babywear and this type of cutting is therefore emphasised in this new edition. Shaped blocks and garments, cut to fit the body form, are still included, and are placed in chapters covering some school uniform garments or more expensive fashion or formal clothes. The book now clearly separates the sections useful to student beginners (Parts One, Two and Three), and also offers more advanced or specialist sections for students who wish to pursue a career in children's wear or for designers working in the different manufacturing sectors of the trade. The second change in this fourth edition is the introduction of colour coding to the sections; this makes it easier to identify specific processes in the book and enhances the illustrations. Finally, the size charts have been revised to reflect the changes in body sizing. The clear division of the boys' and girls' measurements in the charts has been in response to the way clothes are marketed and to co-ordinate with European size charts. 'Plus' charts for heavier children have also been added.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Cutting for Menswear Gareth Kershaw, 2021-01-07 Pattern Cutting for Menswear is a comprehensive guide to cutting patterns, from basic skills to advanced techniques. With over twenty complete patterns, including new jacket and trouser styles, this revised edition features additional sections on the leg stride relationship in the development of certain trouser styles, fabric properties and their effect on cut and drape, fitting techniques for structured jackets, and the latest information on pattern CAD-based technologies. The step-by-step approach, complete with scaled diagrams and technical flats, fashion illustrations and photographs of toiles, enables you to cut patterns with confidence.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Classic Tailoring Techniques for Menswear Denis Antoine, Roberto Cabrera, 2021-12-30 Since its first publication, Classic Tailoring Techniques for Menswear has been the authoritative resource for custom hand tailoring production. Providing in-depth, step-by-step instructions for the processes required by bespoke and couture-level manufacturing, this book retains its value and relevance for young and established tailors alike. Continuing this great tradition, the third edition introduces new discussions of traditional tailoring processes in the industry and highlights the value of hand-crafted construction in the context of environmentally-sustainable design. New to this Edition: - Learning Objectives let you know what you'll learn in each chapter - New Tricks of the Trade feature offers helpful tips - End of chapter discussion questions help you test your knowledge of the chapter concepts - A new, extended Glossary and Key Terms throughout emphasize a renewed focus on essential vocabulary STUDIO Features Include: - Download additional student exercises to practice newly learned skills - Review concepts with flashcards of essential vocabulary Instructor Resources Include: - The Instructor's Guide provides suggestions for planning the course and using the text in the classroom - PowerPoint® presentations include images from the book and provide a framework for lecture and discussion
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Cutting and Making Up Janet Ward, Martin Shoben, 2012-08-21 Major changes have occurred in the last few years in the methods of cutting and manufacturing outerwear. Light clothing companies are now manufacturing these heavy garments because of the development of fusible interlinings and new manufacturing techniques which have resulted in the deskilling of traditional tailoring methods. Outerwear has consquently assumed much greater importance in light clothing courses and this book - the first of its kind - has been written to reflect these industrial changes. It offers a course of practical and theoretical study which is related to specific garment types and fabrics. An essential manual for students at every level. Suitable for use in CGLI, BTEC and degree courses, this uniquely comprehensive work is certain to become a standard textbook on its subject.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Patternmaking for Menswear Myoungok Kim, Injoo Kim, 2014-04-16 Patternmaking for Contemporary Menswear is the most current, comprehensive and user-friendly book for men's patternmaking--an essential resource for students, educators, and industry professionals.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Magic 2 Tomoko Nakamichi, 2011-02-16 Pattern Magic 2 is the cult pattern-cutting book from Japan, partner to the original title Pattern Magic. Inspiring and exciting, this volume takes a creative approach to pattern cutting, with more step-by-step projects for fashion designers and dressmakers to enjoy. These easy-to-follow illustrations and detailed instructions makeit easy to create stunning, sculptural clothes.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Kinetic Garment Construction Rickard Lindqvist, 2015-03-27 Fashion designers are presented with a range of methods and concepts for pattern cutting are presented, the main body of these methods, both traditional and contemporary, is predominately based on a theoretical approximation of the body that is derived from horizontal and vertical measurements of the body in an upright position: the tailoring matrix. As a consequence, there is a lack of interactive and dynamic qualities in methods connected to this paradigm of garment construction, from both expressional and functional perspectives. This work proposes and explores an alternative paradigm for pattern cutting that includes a new theoretical approximation of the body as well as a more kinetic method for garment construction that, unlike the prevalent theory and its related methods, takes as its point of origin the interaction between the anisotropic fabric and the biomechanical structure of the body. As such, the research conducted here is basic research, aiming to identify fundamental principles for garment construction. Based on some key principles found in the works of Geneviève Sevin-Doering and in pre-tailoring methods for constructing garments, the proposed theory for – and method of – garment construction was developed through concrete experiments by cutting and draping fabrics on live models. Instead of a static matrix of a non-moving body, the result is a kinetic construction theory of the body that is comprised of balance directions and key biomechanical points, along with an alternative draping method for dressmaking. This methodology challenges the fundamental relationship between dress, garment construction, and the body, working from the body outward, as opposed to the methods that are based on the prevalent paradigm of the tailoring matrix, which work from the outside toward the body. This alternative theory for understanding the body and the proposed method of working allows for diverse expressions and enhanced functional possibilities in dress.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Fabrics and Pattern Cutting Winifred Aldrich, 2012-11-07 Getting the right cut for the right fabric is the key to good design. One of the most challenging aspects of a fashion designer’s training is learning how to crate patterns that utilize the characteristics of fabrics. With an ever expanding range available, an understanding of the relationship between fabric, form and pattern shape is now the most important skill a designer has to acquire. Winifred Aldrich, a leading pattern cutting authority, explores how a garment’s shape is created and discusses the factors that need to be considered when creating patterns and offers you a practical method for solving problems. No other pattern cutting book considers the effects of individual fabrics and its approach is based on the appraisal of the fabric and body shape. Fabrics and Patterns Cutting is the revised and simplified edition of Fabric, Form and Flat Pattern Cutting. It is fully illustrated and makes use of numerous practical examples. It also takes into account important new developments in fabric – new fabrics, new methods of fabric construction and new fabric finishes. Free block patterns are available online for readers to print out for use in their classes.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Draping Karolyn Kiisel, 2013-09-13 Draping – the art of using calico to create womenswear directly on a mannequin – is an essential skill for fashion designers. Through a series of step-by-step projects, designed to develop skills from the most basic to more advanced techniques, this book will guide you in creating both classic and contemporary garments, as well as historical styles and costumes. Draping projects include dresses, corsets and jackets, and highlight key fashion garments such as Audrey Hepburn's dress from Breakfast at Tiffany’s and the Dolce & Gabbana tuxedo jacket. Starting with the basics of choosing and preparing the mannequin for draping, the book advances through pinning, trimming and clipping, and creating shape using darts and tucks, to adding volume using pleats and gathers, and handling complex curves. Advanced skills include how to use support elements such as shoulder pads, under layers and petticoats, and how to handle bias draping. The book culminates with a chapter on improvisational skills. Each skill and technique throughout the book is explained with step-by-step photographs and line drawings that bring the art of creating womenswear in three dimensions to life.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Fabric, Form and Flat Pattern Cutting Winifred Aldrich, 1996-04-18 During the past decade, whilst the development of new generic fibres has not markedly increased, the technical engineering of the structure of existing fibres has produced an explosion of new fabrics. Many of these have a quite new appearance and a significantly different handle. Many students are overwhelmed by the infinite creative possibilities in fashion and are daunted by regid technical procedures, yet the relationship beteen garment cut and fabric potential is probably the most important feature of present design skills. This book is an approach to design and flat pattern cutting that is based on the appraisal of the fabric and the body form. Winifred Aldrich hopes that this book astrides the arts and sciences offering a sense of visual and tactile order that will help students develop an intuitive and practical approach to their discipline.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Techniques Of Drafting And Pattern MakingGarments For Kids And Adolescents Padmavati B., 2009
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Metric Pattern Cutting for Menswear Winifred Aldrich, 2012-06-27 Since the first edition was published in 1980, Metric Pattern Cutting for Menswear has become established as the standard work on this subject and has proved invaluable as both a textbook for students and a reference source for the practising designer. In this fifth edition, the chapter on computer aided design now has full colour illustrations and reflects the growing importance of CAD to the industry and as a part of fashion and design courses. The rest of the book has been updated where necessary: in particular, new blocks for tailored shirts, new details on how to adapt men’s blocks for women’s wear, and a revision of sizing and labelling information. Colour is now used to differentiate the main groups of patterns and with its tried and tested layout with clear text and diagrams, Metric Pattern Cutting for Menswear is an essential purchase for students of fashion and design.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: The Complete Photo Guide to Perfect Fitting Sarah Veblen, 2012-01-01 The Complete Photo Guide to Perfect Fitting is the ultimate reference for fitting test garments and transferring accurate adjustments to patterns. No matter what size or shape you are, wearing garments that fit perfectly makes you look and feel better. Rather than making commonly accepted changes to a commercial pattern, the method presented in this guide focuses on the way a test garment fits the body. The fabric is manipulated to improve the fit, and then those specific changes are made to the pattern. The result: patterns that fit perfectly! With The Complete Photo Guide to Perfect Fitting, you'll learn: The importance of a fitting axis and how to use it during a fitting How to recognize fitting issues, such as drag lines and folds How to manipulate fabric to solve common and unusual fitting problems How to transfer the fitting changes to your pattern easily Basic pattern-making skills to ensure accurate alterations See the fitting process from start to finish on basic garments, fitted on real people. Then follow fitting solutions on different body types. Hundreds of large color photos illustrate the techniques and concepts in simple step-by-step instructions. With these lessons, you will get the perfect fit for any body.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Principles of Flat Pattern Design 4th Edition Nora M. MacDonald, 2009-10-12 Twelve 2D patterns inserted in back pocket.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Cutting Techniques for Ladies' Jackets Jo Baker-Waters, 2016-08-31 Pattern Cutting Techniques for Ladies' Jackets shares the trade secrets from the world of bespoke tailoring and haute couture, alongside procedures from the ready-to-wear industry. Written by a trained Savile Row tailor working in the fashion industry, it explains how to make a basic pattern for a jacket by flat pattern cutting or draping on the dress form. It introduces a broad range of techniques with clear detailed instructions, and emphasizes the importance of an individual and creative approach. It includes patterns for basic block, single- and double-breasted blazers, and the tuxedo with sleeves and button variations, as well as instruction for style adjustments. It also advises on how to take measurements, fit jackets and make alterations, and is fully illustrated with over 400 patterns, diagrams and photographs. Essential reading for designers, students, pattern makers and enthusiasts wanting to develop their skills for designing and cutting stylish tailored jackets. Superbly illustrated with 315 colour images and charts, 50 quarter scale flat patterns, 12 full size templates.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Building Patterns Suzy Furrer, 2008
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Patternmaking for Underwear Design Kristina Shin, 2010 Patternmaking for Underwear Design is the most comprehensive patternmaking for underwear guide available and is recommended for students, teachers and the industry. Step-by-step instruction is matched with superb illustrations, and all detailed measurements are provided using both metric and imperial scales. It contains a wide range of underwear patternmaking for different types of bra, corsetry, sleepwear, and panties. Furthermore, this book introduces the bra patternmaking methods currently used in industry and offers the author's own innovative bra patternmaking method, developed using the flat patternmaking concept. This new method enables people with novice patternmaking skill sets to create various commercial fit quality bra designs from scratch. The unique features of this book include: 1. Current industry bra patternmaking methods and practice available for the first time to those outside particular companies. 2. An introduction and step-by-step guide to the innovative bra patternmaking method invented by the author, allowing teachers to bring students up to speed with patternmaking faster than ever before. 3. Detailed step by step instruction methods which are easy to follow even for those with little or no patternmaking experience. 4. Superbly detailed illustrations of each step in the patternmaking process. 5. All measurements given in both metric and imperial--Publisher's description.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Transformational Reconstruction Shingo Sato, 2011
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Patternmaking with Stretch Knit Fabrics Julie Cole, 2016-02-11 With hundreds of step-by-step illustrated instructions and a user-friendly, stay-flat format, Patternmaking with Stretch Knit Fabrics provides emerging fashion designers with comprehensive information on how to draft patterns for popular cut-and-sew stretch knit fabrics such as jersey and knits with spandex. After covering the basics of knits and techniques for gauging stretch capacity, Julie Cole introduces a unique, simplified approach to drafting slopers using hip and top foundations. She then provides information on converting, drafting, grading, and reducing patterns for proper fit in four categories of stretch. The book proceeds to drafting slopers and patterns for tops, dresses, jackets, sweaters, cardigans, skirts, pants, lingerie, swimwear, and activewear. Patternmaking with Stretch Knit Fabrics is ideal for students with basic or intermediate design, patternmaking, and sewing skills for any course in which students design and draft patterns for knits; or courses that incorporate both knits and woven fabrics. Features - Accurate and simplified system for patternmaking with stretch knit fabrics with easier to follow approach than other books Each chapter includes - Key terms - Highly-illustrated step-by-step instructions - Three types of boxes: 'Important,' 'Pattern Tip,' and 'Stitching Tip' - End of chapter features 'Knit it Together' checklist, 'Stop! What Do I Do If...' troubleshooting tips, and 'Self Critique' review - More than 900 technical drawings with color accents and 100 photographs of sewn samples on the dress form Patternmaking with Stretch Knit Fabric STUDIO - Study smarter with self-quizzes featuring scored results and personalized study tips - Review concepts with flashcards of terms and definitions - Access downloadable files for half-size top and hip foundations, and slopers found in the book Teaching Resources - Instructor's Guide and Test Bank includes sample syllabi, suggested projects, test questions, and evaluation guides PLEASE NOTE: Purchasing or renting this ISBN does not include access to the STUDIO resources that accompany this text. To receive free access to the STUDIO content with new copies of this book, please refer to the book + STUDIO access card bundle ISBN 9781501318245.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Practical Guide to Patternmaking for Fashion Designers: Menswear Lori A. Knowles, 2014-12-24 The Practical Guide to Patternmaking for Fashion Designers: Menswear offers patternmaking techniques for a variety of garment styles and includes information on sizing, lining and a variety of fabrics. Covering everything from casual to tailored designs, it can serve both as an introduction to the pattern-drafting skills necessary for menswear and as a more in-depth treatment of patternmaking techniques. The guide covers the patternmaking process for an array of menswear garments, as well as the accompanying theories and concepts.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Patternmaking for Fashion Design Helen Joseph Armstrong, 2013-07-23 For an undergraduate course in Patternmaking. Renowned for its comprehensive coverage, exceptional illustrations, and clear instructions, this #1 text offers detailed yet easy-to-understand explanations of the essence of patternmaking. Hinging on a recurring theme that all designs are based on one or more of the three major patternmaking and design principles-dart manipulation, added fullness, and contouring-it provides students with all the relevant information necessary to create design patterns with accuracy regardless of their complexity.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: The Practical Designer for Women's and Misses' Underwear Isidor Rosenfeld, 2022-07-20 When this book was published in 1918, the availability of off-the-peg, ready-made lingerie was limited to the very wealthy. Most women had to make their own. This book provides the knowledge to measure and fit correctly and to then make the patterns required for the various garments needed.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Designing Clothes with the Flat Pattern Method Sara Alm, 2017-05-15 The Flat Pattern Method teaches you to customize your clothes with new pattern shapes, style lines, and details with step-by-step instructions!
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Making Agnes Keith Hanna, 1922
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Making for Kids' Clothes Carla Hegeman Crim, 2014 Offers an introduction to creating, using, and adapting patterns for children's clothing, featuring illustrated techniques, tips from professional pattern designers, and information on copyrighting, marketing, and distributing patterns.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Cutting for Kids' Clothes Carla Hegeman Crim, 2014-01 Packed with useful advice and practical instruction, 'Pattern Cutting for Kids' Clothing' is the ultimate resource for anyone looking to design, adapt, or customise sewing patterns for kids' clothes. Cutting through and clarifying sewing jargon with its highly accessible instructions, it addresses a wide range of considerations specific to children's clothing, taking into account key priorities such as comfort, functionality, durability, ease of care, and incorporating extra room for growth.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Grading Workbook Connie Amaden-Crawford, 2011
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: 9 Heads Nancy Riegelman, 2012 9 Heads' is a clear and comprehensive guide to the fundamentals of fashion drawing in black and white. It demonstrates that drawing can be learned by the application of a set of rules and guidelines, together with commitment and practice.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Designing Patterns Hilary Campbell, Michael Stuart Davies, 1986
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Dress Pattern Designing Natalie Bray, 1985
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: More Dress Pattern Designing Natalie Bray, 1974
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Fashion Patternmaking Techniques Antonio Donnanno, 2020-03-16 High fashion is the driving force behind the entire fashion and garment industry. This book introduces the patternmaking techniques used in the field for draping, details, trousers and skirts.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: HOW PATTERNS WORK ASSEMBIL BOOKS., 2024
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Pattern Cutting Made Easy Gillian Holman, 1997 How to create all the basic garment shapes, and how to add the refinements to your garments, including gores, yokes, flounces, pleats and peg tops.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: The Pattern Cutting Primer Andrew Richards, Jo Barnfield, 2012-11-15 The Pattern Cutting Primer is the ultimate resource for keen sewers and aspiring fashion designers looking to get to grips with every aspect of pattern design and customization. This practical and accessible book covers all the basics of pattern design and cutting and gives readers the confidence to take matters into their own hands and produce perfect patterns for all garments and styles. Featuring clear step-by-step instructions, The Pattern Cutting Primer covers all the basics of tools and equipment, pattern symbols and fabrics, drafting techniques, pattern developments, finishing and even gives guidelines on how to sell and market your own patterns. The perfect resource for all amateur and professional pattern-makers, designers and students.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: The Modern Maker, Vol. 1 Mathew Gnagy, 2013 A step-by-step, illustrated manual on the pattern drafting, fabric cutting and construction of a man's doublet in the style of circa 1618. This is designed by a modern tailor who specializes in historical costume reproductions, recreating them by studying the originals and using his tailoring experience to, as authentically as possible, construct them in the same manner as tailors of the time--Cataloguer's note.
  metric pattern cutting for women's wear download: Metric Pattern Cutting for Children's Wear and Babywear Winifred Aldrich, 2012-06-27 This fourth edition of Metric Pattern Cutting for Children's Wear and Babywear remains the standard text book but has three major improvements. First, the sections have been re-organised to reflect changes in producing and marketing children's clothes. Today's popularity of easy-fitting styles and knitted fabrics means that basic 'flat' pattern cutting is used to construct the majority of children's wear and babywear and this type of cutting is therefore emphasised in this new edition. Shaped blocks and garments, cut to fit the body form, are still included, and are placed in chapters covering some school uniform garments or more expensive fashion or formal clothes. The book now clearly separates the sections useful to student beginners (Parts One, Two and Three), and also offers more advanced or specialist sections for students who wish to pursue a career in children's wear or for designers working in the different manufacturing sectors of the trade. The second change in this fourth edition is the introduction of colour coding to the sections; this makes it easier to identify specific processes in the book and enhances the illustrations. Finally, the size charts have been revised to reflect the changes in body sizing. The clear division of the boys' and girls' measurements in the charts has been in response to the way clothes are marketed and to co-ordinate with European size charts. 'Plus' charts for heavier children have also been added.
Metric system - Wikipedia
The metric system is a system of measurement that standardizes a set of base units and a nomenclature for describing relatively large and small quantities via decimal-based …

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Metric Conversion calculators, tables and formulas for temperature, length, area, volume and weight metric …

METRIC Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
: a mathematical function that associates a real nonnegative number analogous to distance with each pair …

Metric System of Measurement - Math is Fun
The metric system is a system of measuring. It has three main units: The length of this guitar is about 1 meter:

METRIC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
METRIC definition: 1. using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres, etc.: 2. …

Metric system - Wikipedia
The metric system is a system of measurement that standardizes a set of base units and a nomenclature for describing relatively large and small quantities via decimal-based …

Metric Conversion charts and calculators
Metric Conversion calculators, tables and formulas for temperature, length, area, volume and weight metric conversions.

METRIC Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
: a mathematical function that associates a real nonnegative number analogous to distance with each pair of elements in a set such that the number is zero only if the two elements are …

Metric System of Measurement - Math is Fun
The metric system is a system of measuring. It has three main units: The length of this guitar is about 1 meter:

METRIC | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
METRIC definition: 1. using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres, etc.: 2. a…. Learn more.

Metric system | Definition, Facts, & History | Britannica
May 16, 2025 · Metric system, international decimal system of weights and measures, based on the meter for length and the kilogram for mass, that was adopted in France in 1795 and is now …

Metric System - Chart, Units, Conversion, Examples - Cuemath
The metric system of measurement is the standard way of measuring distance, calculating height, and most of the other day-to-day items. Explore and learn more about metric systems with …

Metric System vs. Imperial System: Differences and Use
Jul 22, 2020 · The imperial system and the metric system are two different measurement systems for things like distances, volumes, and weights. Since all countries in the world don’t use the …

METRIC Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
pertaining to the meter or to the metric system. Often metrics a standard for measuring or evaluating something, especially one that uses figures or statistics. pretty good by any metric. …

Metric - Wikipedia
In mathematics, metric may refer to one of two related, but distinct concepts: A function which measures distance between two points in a metric space; A metric tensor, in differential …