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| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations of First Philosophy René Descartes, 2006-10 One of the most outstanding books ever written on philosophy. It touches the questions regarding God and the human soul and seeks truth in science. The reader passes through stages of meditation with the assistance of a unique narrator. It provokes deep thoughts amongst the readers. Magnificent and incredible!... |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy René Descartes, 2017-02-16 This is an updated edition of John Cottingham's acclaimed translation of Descartes's philosophical masterpiece, including an abridgement of Descartes's Objections and Replies. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations, Objections, and Replies René Descartes, 2006-03-30 This edition features reliable, accessible translations; useful editorial materials; and a straightforward presentation of the Objections and Replies, including the objections from Caterus, Arnauld, and Hobbes, accompanied by Descartes' replies, in their entirety. The letter serving as a reply to Gassendi--in which several of Descartes' associates present Gassendi's best arguments and Descartes' replies--conveys the highlights and important issues of their notoriously extended exchange. Roger Ariew's illuminating Introduction discusses the Meditations and the intellectual environment surrounding its reception. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Discourse on the Method and Meditations on First Philosophy René Descartes, 2024-12-07 DISCOURSE ON THE METHOD AND MEDITATIONS ON FIRST PHILOSOPHY TOGETHER IN ONE VOLUME Discourse on the Method is a philosophical and autobiographical treatise published by René Descartes in 1637. Discourse on the Method is one of the most influential works in the history of modern philosophy, and important to the development of natural sciences. Meditations on First Philosophy is a philosophical treatise by René Descartes first published in 1641. The book is made up of six meditations, in which Descartes first discards all belief in things that are not absolutely certain, and then tries to establish what can be known for sure. He wrote the meditations as if he had meditated for six days: each meditation refers to the last one as yesterday. (In fact, Descartes began work on the Meditations in 1639.) One of the most influential philosophical texts ever written, it is widely read to this day. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Cambridge Companion to Descartes John Cottingham, 1992-09-25 Descartes occupies a position of pivotal importance as one of the founding fathers of modern philosophy; he is, perhaps the most widely studied of all philosophers. In this authoritative collection an international team of leading scholars in Cartesian studies present the full range of Descartes' extraordinary philosophical achievement. His life and the development of his thought, as well as the intellectual background to and reception of his work, are treated at length. At the core of the volume are a group of chapters on his metaphysics: the celebrated 'Cogito' argument, the proofs of God's existence, the 'Cartesian circle' and the dualistic theory of the mind and its relation to his theological and scientific views. Other chapters cover the philosophical implications of his work in algebra, his place in the seventeenth-century scientific revolution, the structure of his physics, and his work on physiology and psychology. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations of First Philosophy René Descartes, 1987 |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: How to Read Descartes John Cottingham, 2008 The 'How to Read' series is an introduction to some of the most influential and challenging writers in history, exploring the minds and philosophies of those who have shaped our intellectual and political landscape. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Cartesian Reflections John Cottingham, 2008-09-11 John Cottingham explores central areas of Descartes's rich and wide-ranging philosophical system, including his accounts of thought and language, of freedom and action, of our relationship to the animal domain, and of human morality and the conduct of life. He also examines ways in which his philosophy has been misunderstood. The Cartesian mind-body dualism that is so often attacked is only a part of Descartes's account of what it is to be a thinking, sentient, human creature, and the way he makes the division between the mental and the physical is considerably more subtle, and philosophically more appealing, than is generally assumed. Although Descartes is often considered to be one of the heralds of our modern secular worldview, the 'new' philosophy which he launched retains many links with the ideas of his predecessors, not least in the all-pervasive role it assigns to God (something that is ignored or downplayed by many modern readers); and the character of the Cartesian outlook is multifaceted, sometimes anticipating Enlightenment ideas of human autonomy and independent scientific inquiry, but also sometimes harmonizing with more traditional notions of human nature as created to find fulfilment in harmony with its creator. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Discourse on Method and the Meditations René Descartes, 2005-06-30 René Descartes was a central figure in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In his Discourse on Method he outlined the contrast between mathematics and experimental sciences, and the extent to which each one can achieve certainty. Drawing on his own work in geometry, optics, astronomy and physiology, Descartes developed the hypothetical method that characterizes modern science, and this soon came to replace the traditional techniques derived from Aristotle. Many of Descartes' most radical ideas - such as the disparity between our perceptions and the realities that cause them - have been highly influential in the development of modern philosophy. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes' Meditations Roger Ariew, John Cottingham, Tom Sorell, 1998-07-28 Texts translated from the French and Latin serve to illustrate the context of the writing of Descartes' Meditations. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding ; [with] A Letter from a Gentleman to His Friend in Edinburgh ; [and] An Abstract of a Treatise of Human Nature David Hume, Eric Steinberg, 1993-01-01 A landmark of enlightenment though, HUme's An Enquiry Concerning Human understanding is accompanied here by two shorter works that shed light on it: A Letter from a Gentlemen to His Friend in Edinburgh, hume's response to those accusing him of atheism, of advocating extreme scepticism, and of undermining the foundations of morality; and his Abstract of A Treatise of HUman Nature, which anticipates discussions developed in the Enquiry. In his concise Introduction, Eric Steinberg explores the conditions that led to write the Enquiry and the work's important relationship to Book 1 of Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes: Philosophical Essays and Correspondence René Descartes, 2000-03-15 A superb text for teaching the philosophy of Descartes, this volume includes all his major works in their entirety, important selections from his lesser known writings, and key selections from his philosophical correspondence. The result is an anthology that enables the reader to understand the development of Descartes’s thought over his lifetime. Includes a biographical Introduction, chronology, bibliography, and index. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes John G. Cottingham, 1991-01-16 In this new introduction to the life, thought and works of one of the greatest seventeenth-century philosophers, John Cottingham aims to place Descartes' ideas in their historical context while at the same time showing how they relate to a network of philosophical problems that are still vigorously debated today. Separate chapters are devoted to Descartes' life and the intellectual climate of his times; the Cartesian method; the reconstruction of knowledge from self to God and to the external world; Descartes' theory of the material universe; his account of mind and body; and his psychology and theory of the will and passions. While doing justice to the complexities of Descartes' thought, the book presupposes no philosophical training, and all technical philosophical notions are explained in such a way as to be intelligible to the first-year student or general reader. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: René Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy John Cottingham, 2015-10-15 Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy, published in Latin in 1641, is one of the most widely studied philosophical texts of all time, and inaugurates many of the key themes that have remained central to philosophy ever since. In his original Latin text Descartes expresses himself with great lucidity and elegance, and there is enormous interest, even for those who are not fluent in Latin, in seeing how the famous concepts and arguments of his great masterpiece unfold in the original language. John Cottingham's acclaimed English translation of the work is presented here in a facing-page edition alongside the original Latin text. Students of classical philosophy have long had the benefit of dual-language editions, and the availability of such a resource for the canonical works of the early-modern period is long overdue. This volume now makes available, in an invaluable dual-language format, one of the most seminal texts of Western philosophy. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Volume 3, The Correspondence René Descartes, 1984 Volumes I and II provide a completely new translation of the philosophical works of Descartes, based on the best available Latin and French texts. Volume III contains 207 of Descartes' letters, over half of which have not been translated into English before. It incorporates, in its entirety, Anthony Kenny's celebrated translation of selected philosophical letters, first published in 1970. In conjunction with Volumes I and II it is designed to meet the widespread demand for a comprehensive, accurate and authoritative edition of Descartes' philosophical writings in clear and readable modern English. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Discourse on Method and Related Writings Rene Descartes, 2000-03-01 It is not enough to have a good mind; it is more important to use it well René Descartes was a central figure in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. In his Discourse on Method he outlined the contrast between mathematics and experimental sciences, and the extent to which each one can achieve certainty. Drawing on his own work in geometry, optics, astronomy and physiology, Descartes developed the hypothetical method that characterizes modern science, and this soon came to replace the traditional techniques derived from Aristotle. Many of Descartes’ most radical ideas—such as the disparity between our perceptions and the realities that cause them—have been highly influential in the development of modern philosophy. This edition sets the Discourse on Method in the wider context of Descartes’ work, with the Rules for Guiding One’s Intelligence in Searching for the Truth (1628), extracts from The World (1633) and selected letters from 1636-9. A companion volume, Meditations and Other Metaphysical Writings, is also published in Penguin Classics. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations and Other Metaphysical Writings René Descartes, 2003-08-28 Of all the works of the man claimed by many as the father of modern philosophy, the MEDITATIONS, first published in 1641, must surely be Rene Descartes' masterpiece. This volume consists of not only a new translation of the original Latin text and the expanded objections and replies, but also includes selected correspondence and other metaphysical writings from the period 1641-49. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Blackwell Guide to Descartes' Meditations Stephen Gaukroger, 2008-04-15 Consisting of twelve newly commissioned essays and enhanced by William Molyneux’s famous early translation of the Meditations, this volume touches on all the major themes of one of the most influential texts in the history of philosophy. Situates the Meditations in its philosophical and historical context. Touches on all of the major themes of the Meditations, including the mind-body relation, the nature of the mind, and the existence of the material world. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Volume 1 René Descartes, 1985 A completely new translation of the works of Descartes is intended to replace the Haldane and Ross edition, first published in 1911. All material from that edition is translated here, with a number of other texts crucial for understanding Cartesian philosophy. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes John Cottingham, 2017 |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: Volume 1 René Descartes, 1984 A completely new translation of the works of Descartes is intended to replace the Haldane and Ross edition, first published in 1911. All material from that edition is translated here, with a number of other texts crucial for understanding Cartesian philosophy. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Discourse on Method and Meditations René Descartes, 2012-03-06 Is it possible to be certain of anything? If so, how? The father of modern philosophy and the founder of rational method in philosophical thought, René Descartes (1596–1650) sought the answers to these questions and in doing so, addressed the most important of methods of thinking and understanding truth. In Discourse on Method, he applies a scientific approach to philosophy that comprises four principles: to accept only what reason recognizes as clear and distinct; to analyze complex ideas by dividing them into smaller elements; to reconstruct the ideas; and to make accurate and complete enumerations of the data. His Meditations proceed according to this method, exploring the mind/body distinction, the nature of truth and error, the existence of God, and the essence of material things. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Reforming the Art of Living Rico Vitz, 2014-10-20 Descartes’s concern with the proper method of belief formation is evident in the titles of his works—e.g., The Search after Truth, The Rules for the Direction of the Mind and The Discourse on Method of rightly conducting one’s reason and seeking the truth in the sciences. It is most apparent, however, in his famous discussions, both in the Meditations and in the Principles, of one particularly noteworthy source of our doxastic errors—namely, the misuse of one’s will. What is not widely recognized, let alone appreciated and understood, is the relationship between his concern with belief formation and his concern with virtue. In fact, few seem to realize that Descartes regards doxastic errors as moral errors and as sins both because such errors are intrinsically vicious and because they entail notably deleterious social consequences. Reforming the Art of Living seeks to rectify this rather common oversight in two ways. First, it aims to elucidate the nature of Descartes’s account of virtuous belief formation. Second, it aims both (i) to illuminate the social significance of Descartes’s philosophical program as it relates to the understanding and practice not of science, but of religion and (ii) to develop a kind of Leibnizian critique of this aspect of his program. More specifically, it aims to show that Descartes’s project is “dangerous,” insofar as it is subversive not only of traditional Christianity but also of other traditional forms of religion, both in theory and in practice. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Western Philosophy John G. Cottingham, 2007-11-28 Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides the most comprehensive and authoritative survey of the Western philosophical tradition from ancient Greece to the leading philosophers of today. Features substantial and carefully chosen excerpts from all the greats of philosophy, arranged thematically and chronologically Readings are introduced and linked together by a lucid philosophical commentary which guides the reader through the key arguments Embraces all the major subfields of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, philosophy of mind, religion and science, moral philosophy (theoretical and applied), political theory, and aesthetics Updated edition now includes additional contemporary readings in each section Augmented by two completely new sections on logic and language, and philosophy and the meaning of life |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations on First Philosophy René Descartes, 2008-02 Descarte's Meditations on First Philosophy, published in Latin in 1641, is one of the most widely studied philosophical texts of all time, and inaugurates many of the key themes that have remained central to philosophy ever since. In his original Latin text Descartes expresses himself with great lucidity and elegance, and there is enormous interest, even for those who are not fluent in Latin, in seeing how the famous concepts and arguments of his great masterpiece unfold in the original language. John Cottingham's acclaimed English translation of the work is presented here in a facing-page edition alongside the original Latin text. Students of classical philosophy have long had the benefit of dual-language editions, and the availability of such a resource for the canonical works of the early-modern period is long overdue. This volume now makes available, in an invaluable dual-language format, one of the most, seminal texts of Western philosophy. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon Lawrence Nolan, 2015-01-01 The Cambridge Descartes Lexicon is the definitive reference source on René Descartes, 'the father of modern philosophy' and arguably among the most important philosophers of all time. Examining the full range of Descartes' achievements and legacy, it includes 256 in-depth entries that explain key concepts relating to his thought. Cumulatively they uncover interpretative disputes, trace his influences, and explain how his work was received by critics and developed by followers. There are entries on topics such as certainty, cogito ergo sum, doubt, dualism, free will, God, geometry, happiness, human being, knowledge, Meditations on First Philosophy, mind, passion, physics, and virtue, which are written by the largest and most distinguished team of Cartesian scholars ever assembled for a collaborative research project - 92 contributors from ten countries. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Reading Descartes Otherwise:Blind, Mad, Dreamy, and Bad Kyoo Lee, 2013 This title casts light on what have heretofore been the phenomenological shadows of 'Cartesian rationality.' In doing so, it discovers dynamic signs of spectral alterity lodged both at the core and on the edges of modern Cartesian subjectivity. Calling for a Copernican reorientation of the very notion 'Cartesianism, ' the book's series of close, creatively critical readings of Descartes' signature images brings the dramatic forces, moments, and scenes of the cogito into our own contemporary moment. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Mind, Method, and Morality John Cottingham, Peter Hacker, 2010-01-07 16 philosophers offer specially written essays on the themes of mind, method and morality in the work of Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, and Wittgenstein. These themes reflect the contribution of Anthony Kenny to our understanding of the Western philosophical tradition, and of these thinkers in particular. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes' Bones Russell Shorto, 2009-08-25 Sixteen years after René Descartes' death in Stockholm in 1650, a pious French ambassador exhumed the remains of the controversial philosopher to transport them back to Paris. Thus began a 350-year saga that saw Descartes' bones traverse a continent, passing between kings, philosophers, poets, and painters. But as Russell Shorto shows in this deeply engaging book, Descartes' bones also played a role in some of the most momentous episodes in history, which are also part of the philosopher's metaphorical remains: the birth of science, the rise of democracy, and the earliest debates between reason and faith. Descartes' Bones is a flesh-and-blood story about the battle between religion and rationalism that rages to this day. A New York Times Notable Book |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: A Descartes Dictionary John G. Cottingham, 1993-06-07 To confront the philosophical system of Rene Descartes is to contemplate a magnificently laid out map of human cognitive endeavour. In following Descartes arguments, the reader is drawn into some of the most fundamental and challenging issues in all of philosophy. In this dictionary, John Cottingham presents an alphabetied guide to this most stimulating and widely-studied of philosophers. He examines the key concepts and ideas in Cartesian thought and places them in the context both of the seventeenth-century intellectual climate and of subsequent interpretation. The entries range over a wide variety of areas including cosmology, physics, theology, psychology and ethics. The book is designed to appeal to the newcomer to Descartes, whether student or general reader, while also providing detailed critical comment and precise textual references for the more advanced reader. Also included are a general introduction describing Descartes' life and works, and bibliographic guide to the Cartesian texts and the mass of interpretative literature on Descartes. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Squaring the Circle in Descartes' Meditations Stephen I. Wagner, 2016-09-15 Descartes' Meditations is one of the most thoroughly analyzed of all philosophical texts. Nevertheless, central issues in Descartes' thought remain unresolved, particularly the problem of the Cartesian Circle. Most attempts to deal with that problem have weakened the force of Descartes' own doubts or weakened the goals he was seeking. In this book, Stephen I. Wagner gives Descartes' doubts their strongest force and shows how he overcomes those doubts, establishing with metaphysical certainty the existence of a non-deceiving God and the truth of his clear and distinct perceptions. Wagner's innovative and thorough reading of the text clarifies a wide range of other issues that have been left unclear by previous commentaries, including the nature of the cogito discovery and the relationship between Descartes' proofs of God's existence. His book will be of great interest to scholars and upper-level students of Descartes, early modern philosophy and theology. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Western Philosophy John G. Cottingham, 2007-11-28 Western Philosophy: An Anthology provides the most comprehensive and authoritative survey of the Western philosophical tradition from ancient Greece to the leading philosophers of today. Features substantial and carefully chosen excerpts from all the greats of philosophy, arranged thematically and chronologically Readings are introduced and linked together by a lucid philosophical commentary which guides the reader through the key arguments Embraces all the major subfields of philosophy: theory of knowledge and metaphysics, philosophy of mind, religion and science, moral philosophy (theoretical and applied), political theory, and aesthetics Updated edition now includes additional contemporary readings in each section Augmented by two completely new sections on logic and language, and philosophy and the meaning of life |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: The Philosopher in Early Modern Europe Conal Condren, Stephen Gaukroger, Ian Hunter, 2009-12-17 In this groundbreaking collection of essays the history of philosophy appears in a fresh light, not as reason's progressive discovery of its universal conditions, but as a series of unreconciled disputes over the proper way to conduct oneself as a philosopher. By shifting focus from the philosopher as proxy for the universal subject of reason to the philosopher as a special persona arising from rival forms of self-cultivation, philosophy is approached in terms of the social office and intellectual deportment of the philosopher, as a personage with a definite moral physiognomy and institutional setting. In so doing, this collection of essays by leading figures in the fields of both philosophy and the history of ideas provides access to key early modern disputes over what it meant to be a philosopher, and to the institutional and larger political and religious contexts in which such disputes took place. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Between Two Worlds John Carriero, 2009 Between Two Worlds is an authoritative commentary on--and powerful reinterpretation of--the founding work of modern philosophy, Descartes's Meditations. Philosophers have tended to read Descartes's seminal work in an occasional way, examining its treatment of individual topics while ignoring other parts of the text. In contrast, John Carriero provides a sustained, systematic reading of the whole text, giving a detailed account of the positions against which Descartes was reacting, and revealing anew the unity, meaning, and originality of the Meditations. Carriero finds in the Meditations a nearly continuous argument against Thomistic Aristotelian ways of thinking about cognition, and shows more clearly than ever before how Descartes bridged the old world of scholasticism and the new one of mechanistic naturalism. Rather than casting Descartes's project primarily in terms of skepticism, knowledge, and certainty, Carriero focuses on fundamental disagreements between Descartes and the scholastics over the nature of understanding, the relation between the senses and the intellect, the nature of the human being, and how and to what extent God is cognized by human beings. Against this background, Carriero shows, Descartes developed his own conceptions of mind, body, and the relation between them, creating a coherent, philosophically rich project in the Meditations and setting the agenda for a century of rationalist metaphysics. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: On the Meaning of Life John Cottingham, 2004-01-14 The question 'What is the meaning of life?' is one of the most fascinating, oldest and most difficult questions human beings have ever posed themselves. In an increasingly secularized culture, it remains a question to which we are ineluctably and powerfully drawn. Drawing skillfully on a wealth of thinkers, writers and scientists from Augustine, Descartes, Freud and Camus, to Spinoza, Pascal, Darwin, and Wittgenstein, On the Meaning of Life breathes new vitality into one of the very biggest questions. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes, 2013 |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Descartes and the Meditations Gary Hatfield, 2003-05-19 Rene Descartes is generally accepted as the father of modern philosophy, and his Meditations is perhaps the most famous philosophical text ever written. In this Routledge Philosophy GuideBook, Gary Hatfield guides the reader through the text of the Meditations, providing commentary and analysis throughout. He assesses Descartes' importance in the history of philosophy and his continuing relevance to contemporary thought. Descartes and the Meditations will be essential reading for all students of philosophy, and for anyone coming to Descartes for the first time. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Philosophical Writings René Descartes, 1964 |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Rules for the Direction of the Mind René Descartes, 2024-05-09 Descartes is rightly considered the father of modern philosophy - Schopenhauer A modern translation of Descartes' famous work Rules for the Direction of the Mind. This edition contains a timeline of Descartes' life and works, a glossary of Cartesian terminology, and Afterword by the translator that explains the significance of Descartes' contributions to modern philosophy and science, particularly his method of skepticism and rationalism. This scholarly apparatus nests this work into Descartes' larger body of work and the place of his philosophy into the broader history of western ideology. Descartes' focus on clear, logical reasoning is a hallmark of his philosophy, and his influence on fields such as mathematics and physics is profound, with his work laying the foundation for later scientific advances. Here, Descartes lays out a method for approaching problems and seeking knowledge. The importance of this work lies in the fact that it established the scientific method as a way of investigating the world, and had a significant influence on the development of modern science. This work is one of the foundational texts of Western Philosophy according to Nietzsche and Schopenhauer. Rules for the Direction of the Mind, Regulae ad directionem ingenii (sometimes translated Cartesian Discipline), represents Descartes' ambitious attempt to establish a universal method for attaining truth, though he never completed the planned 36 rules, stopping at 21. Written during his formative years in the Netherlands, this unfinished work lays out his vision for a unified scientific method based on mathematical reasoning, marking a decisive break from the Scholastic tradition that dominated European universities. The text articulates several key principles that would become foundational to Cartesian philosophy: the need to accept only clear and distinct ideas as true, the importance of breaking complex problems into simpler components, and the power of mathematical reasoning as a model for all rational inquiry. His emphasis on systematic doubt and methodical analysis emerges clearly here, though in a less radical form than in his later works. What makes the Regulae particularly fascinating is how it reveals Descartes wrestling with fundamental questions about human knowledge and understanding. Unlike his later works, which often begin with metaphysical foundations, the Regulae approaches epistemology through practical methodology - how can we reliably distinguish truth from falsehood? Here we see Descartes developing his characteristic focus on method over content, arguing that the right way of thinking matters more than accumulated knowledge. The text's unfinished state offers unique insights into his evolving thought, showing him working through problems that would later crystallize in the Discourse on Method and Meditations. The work remained unpublished during his lifetime, first appearing in a Dutch translation in 1684, but its influence can be traced through his subsequent writings. Written around 1628 but unpublished during his lifetime, this work outlines his approach to knowledge and scientific inquiry. In this treatise, Descartes presents 21 rules designed to guide the mind toward truth through a structured method of reasoning. Although incomplete, it laid the groundwork for his later development of the Cartesian method, which emphasized clarity, logical deduction, and the importance of starting with self-evident truths. The work was heavily influenced by mathematics, which Descartes admired for its certainty and precision. His central goal was to find a method that could apply the same level of rigor to all areas of human knowledge, not just mathematics. The Rules also highlight Descartes' break with scholasticism and his desire to reject traditional methods of inquiry based on authority and ancient texts. He advocates the direct use of reason and intuition, urging the thinker to discard unnecessary complexity and focus on simple, clear ideas that can be built upon. This work is significant because it marks the early development of Descartes' methodological skepticism, which he would later refine into his famous cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am) in his Meditations. The Rules represent a transitional phase in Descartes' thought, bridging the gap between Renaissance humanism and the systematic, analytical philosophy he would pioneer in the modern era. |
| meditations on first philosophy cottingham: Descartes' Cogito Husain Sarkar, 2003-02-27 Perhaps the most famous proposition in the history of philosophy is Descartes' cogito 'I think, therefore I am'. Husain Sarkar claims in this provocative interpretation of Descartes that the ancient tradition of reading the cogito as an argument is mistaken. It should, he says, be read as an intuition. Through this interpretative lens, the author reconsiders key Cartesian topics: the ideal inquirer, the role of clear and distinct ideas, the relation of these to the will, memory, the nature of intuition and deduction, the nature, content and elusiveness of 'I', and the tenability of the doctrine of the creation of eternal truths. Finally, the book demonstrates how Descartes' attempt to prove the existence of God is foiled by a new Cartesian Circle. |
Guided Meditations - Tara Brach
May 28, 2025 · Get resources to help start your meditation practice. Ready to Nourish Your Practice? Note: Over these five weeks of the Introduction to Mindfulness series, Tara invites …
9 Types of Meditation: Which One Is Right for You? - Healthline
Nov 5, 2021 · Meditation is a technique used for thousands of years to develop awareness of the present moment. It can involve practices to sharpen focus and attention, connect to the body …
Learn How to Meditate: A Mindful Guide to Transform Your Life
We will walk you through how to meditate properly, the benefits of regular meditation practice, and the various styles of meditation. Free guided audio meditations and resources.
Guided Meditations - UCLA Mindful - UCLA Health
For an introduction to mindfulness meditation that you can practice on your own, download the UCLA Mindful App (iTunes / Google Play), stream, or download the guided meditations below. …
12 Types Of Meditation & How To Practice Each Technique - mindbodygreen
May 1, 2020 · Meditation is the practice of focusing the mind and developing awareness to help achieve clarity and calm. It is widely recognized for its incredible benefits, including reducing …
How to Meditate: The First and Last Guide You’ll Ever Need
Meditation simply means relaxing and reposing in your true nature. You could call it inner peace, or love, or bliss. Doesn’t matter. The key thing to understand is that you must relax to meditate …
Home Page | MeditationWise
Meditations From Around the World to Awaken the Wisdom Within. MEDITATE LEARN. START YOUR FREE TRIAL
Guided Meditation App and Resources - Headspace
Access the full library of 500+ meditations on everything from stress, to resilience, to compassion; Put your mind to bed with sleep sounds, music, and wind-down exercises; Make mindfulness a …
Guided Meditations - Verywell Mind
Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned meditator, our library of expert-led guided meditations will make it easy for you to establish a regular meditation routine. Choose from a variety of …
How to meditate properly (plus 7 types of meditations to try)
May 2, 2025 · Learn how to meditate properly and explore beginner-friendly meditation types. Plus, 9 tips to help you build a lasting habit. Meditation can be intimidating. Maybe you’re …
Guided Meditations - Tara Brach
May 28, 2025 · Get resources to help start your meditation practice. Ready to Nourish Your Practice? Note: Over these five weeks of the Introduction to Mindfulness series, Tara invites …
9 Types of Meditation: Which One Is Right for You? - Healthline
Nov 5, 2021 · Meditation is a technique used for thousands of years to develop awareness of the present moment. It can involve practices to sharpen focus and attention, connect to the body …
Learn How to Meditate: A Mindful Guide to Transform Your Life
We will walk you through how to meditate properly, the benefits of regular meditation practice, and the various styles of meditation. Free guided audio meditations and resources.
Guided Meditations - UCLA Mindful - UCLA Health
For an introduction to mindfulness meditation that you can practice on your own, download the UCLA Mindful App (iTunes / Google Play), stream, or download the guided meditations below. …
12 Types Of Meditation & How To Practice Each Technique - mindbodygreen
May 1, 2020 · Meditation is the practice of focusing the mind and developing awareness to help achieve clarity and calm. It is widely recognized for its incredible benefits, including reducing …
How to Meditate: The First and Last Guide You’ll Ever Need
Meditation simply means relaxing and reposing in your true nature. You could call it inner peace, or love, or bliss. Doesn’t matter. The key thing to understand is that you must relax to meditate …
Home Page | MeditationWise
Meditations From Around the World to Awaken the Wisdom Within. MEDITATE LEARN. START YOUR FREE TRIAL
Guided Meditation App and Resources - Headspace
Access the full library of 500+ meditations on everything from stress, to resilience, to compassion; Put your mind to bed with sleep sounds, music, and wind-down exercises; Make mindfulness a …
Guided Meditations - Verywell Mind
Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned meditator, our library of expert-led guided meditations will make it easy for you to establish a regular meditation routine. Choose from a variety of …
How to meditate properly (plus 7 types of meditations to try)
May 2, 2025 · Learn how to meditate properly and explore beginner-friendly meditation types. Plus, 9 tips to help you build a lasting habit. Meditation can be intimidating. Maybe you’re …
