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| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Digital VLSI Design Abdellatif Bellaouar, Mohamed Elmasry, 2012-12-06 Low-Power Digital VLSI Design: Circuits and Systems addresses both process technologies and device modeling. Power dissipation in CMOS circuits, several practical circuit examples, and low-power techniques are discussed. Low-voltage issues for digital CMOS and BiCMOS circuits are emphasized. The book also provides an extensive study of advanced CMOS subsystem design. A low-power design methodology is presented with various power minimization techniques at the circuit, logic, architecture and algorithm levels. Features: Low-voltage CMOS device modeling, technology files, design rules Switching activity concept, low-power guidelines to engineering practice Pass-transistor logic families Power dissipation of I/O circuits Multi- and low-VT CMOS logic, static power reduction circuit techniques State of the art design of low-voltage BiCMOS and CMOS circuits Low-power techniques in CMOS SRAMS and DRAMS Low-power on-chip voltage down converter design Numerous advanced CMOS subsystems (e.g. adders, multipliers, data path, memories, regular structures, phase-locked loops) with several design options trading power, delay and area Low-power design methodology, power estimation techniques Power reduction techniques at the logic, architecture and algorithm levels More than 190 circuits explained at the transistor level. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, 2000-02-22 A comprehensive look at the rapidly growing field of low-power VLSIdesign Low-power VLSI circuit design is a dynamic research area driven bythe growing reliance on battery-powered portable computing andwireless communications products. In addition, it has becomecritical to the continued progress of high-performance and reliablemicroelectronic systems. This self-contained volume clearlyintroduces each topic, incorporates dozens of illustrations, andconcludes chapters with summaries and references. VLSI circuit andCAD engineers as well as researchers in universities and industrywill find ample information on tools and techniques for design andoptimization of low-power electronic systems. Topics include: * Fundamentals of power dissipation in microelectronicdevices * Estimation of power dissipation due to switching, short circuit,subthreshold leakage, and diode leakage currents * Design and test of low-voltage CMOS circuits * Power-conscious logic and high-level synthesis * Low-power static RAM architecture * Energy recovery techniques * Software power estimation and optimization |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Ajit Pal, 2014-11-17 The book provides a comprehensive coverage of different aspects of low power circuit synthesis at various levels of design hierarchy; starting from the layout level to the system level. For a seamless understanding of the subject, basics of MOS circuits has been introduced at transistor, gate and circuit level; followed by various low-power design methodologies, such as supply voltage scaling, switched capacitance minimization techniques and leakage power minimization approaches. The content of this book will prove useful to students, researchers, as well as practicing engineers. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Vlsi Design And Technology Farid N Najm, Garey K-h Yeap, 1996-08-30 Low-power and low-energy VLSI has become an important issue in today's consumer electronics.This book is a collection of pioneering applied research papers in low power VLSI design and technology.A comprehensive introductory chapter presents the current status of the industry and academic research in the area of low power VLSI design and technology.Other topics cover logic synthesis, floorplanning, circuit design and analysis, from the perspective of low power requirements.The readers will have a sampling of some key problems in this area as the low power solutions span the entire spectrum of the design process. The book also provides excellent references on up-to-date research and development issues with practical solution techniques. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Design and Modeling of Low Power VLSI Systems Sharma, Manoj, Gautam, Ruchi, Khan, Mohammad Ayoub, 2016-06-06 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems refer to the latest development in computer microchips which are created by integrating hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. Emerging research in this area has the potential to uncover further applications for VSLI technologies in addition to system advancements. Design and Modeling of Low Power VLSI Systems analyzes various traditional and modern low power techniques for integrated circuit design in addition to the limiting factors of existing techniques and methods for optimization. Through a research-based discussion of the technicalities involved in the VLSI hardware development process cycle, this book is a useful resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate-level students in computer science and engineering. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-04-06 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Gain-Cell Embedded DRAMs for Low-Power VLSI Systems-on-Chip Pascal Meinerzhagen, Adam Teman, Robert Giterman, Noa Edri, Andreas Burg, Alexander Fish, 2017-07-06 This book pioneers the field of gain-cell embedded DRAM (GC-eDRAM) design for low-power VLSI systems-on-chip (SoCs). Novel GC-eDRAMs are specifically designed and optimized for a range of low-power VLSI SoCs, ranging from ultra-low power to power-aware high-performance applications. After a detailed review of prior-art GC-eDRAMs, an analytical retention time distribution model is introduced and validated by silicon measurements, which is key for low-power GC-eDRAM design. The book then investigates supply voltage scaling and near-threshold voltage (NTV) operation of a conventional gain cell (GC), before presenting novel GC circuit and assist techniques for NTV operation, including a 3-transistor full transmission-gate write port, reverse body biasing (RBB), and a replica technique for optimum refresh timing. Next, conventional GC bitcells are evaluated under aggressive technology and voltage scaling (down to the subthreshold domain), before novel bitcells for aggressively scaled CMOS nodes and soft-error tolerance as presented, including a 4-transistor GC with partial internal feedback and a 4-transistor GC with built-in redundancy. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Voltage, Low Power VLSI Subsystems Kiat Seng Yeo, Kaushik Roy, 2005 Designers developing the low voltage, low power chips that enable small, portable devices, face a very particular set of challenges. This monograph details design techniques for the low power circuitry required by the many miniaturized business and consumer products driving the electronics market. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design Gary K. Yeap, 2012-12-06 Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design emphasizes the optimization and trade-off techniques that involve power dissipation, in the hope that the readers are better prepared the next time they are presented with a low power design problem. The book highlights the basic principles, methodologies and techniques that are common to most CMOS digital designs. The advantages and disadvantages of a particular low power technique are discussed. Besides the classical area-performance trade-off, the impact to design cycle time, complexity, risk, testability and reusability are discussed. The wide impacts to all aspects of design are what make low power problems challenging and interesting. Heavy emphasis is given to top-down structured design style, with occasional coverage in the semicustom design methodology. The examples and design techniques cited have been known to be applied to production scale designs or laboratory settings. The goal of Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design is to permit the readers to practice the low power techniques using current generation design style and process technology. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design considers a wide range of design abstraction levels spanning circuit, logic, architecture and system. Substantial basic knowledge is provided for qualitative and quantitative analysis at the different design abstraction levels. Low power techniques are presented at the circuit, logic, architecture and system levels. Special techniques that are specific to some key areas of digital chip design are discussed as well as some of the low power techniques that are just appearing on the horizon. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design will be of benefit to VLSI design engineers and students who have a fundamental knowledge of CMOS digital design. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design Methodologies Jan M. Rabaey, Massoud Pedram, 2012-12-06 Low Power Design Methodologies presents the first in-depth coverage of all the layers of the design hierarchy, ranging from the technology, circuit, logic and architectural levels, up to the system layer. The book gives insight into the mechanisms of power dissipation in digital circuits and presents state of the art approaches to power reduction. Finally, it introduces a global view of low power design methodologies and how these are being captured in the latest design automation environments. The individual chapters are written by the leading researchers in the area, drawn from both industry and academia. Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter. Audience: A broad introduction for anyone interested in low power design. Can also be used as a text book for an advanced graduate class. A starting point for any aspiring researcher. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs Sasan Iman, Massoud Pedram, 1998 Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs presents a systematic and comprehensive treatment of power modeling and optimization at the logic level. More precisely, this book provides a detailed presentation of methodologies, algorithms and CAD tools for power modeling, estimation and analysis, synthesis and optimization at the logic level. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs contains detailed descriptions of technology-dependent logic transformations and optimizations, technology decomposition and mapping, and post-mapping structural optimization techniques for low power. It also emphasizes the trade-off techniques for two-level and multi-level logic circuits that involve power dissipation and circuit speed, in the hope that the readers can better understand the issues and ways of achieving their power dissipation goal while meeting the timing constraints. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs is written for VLSI design engineers, CAD professionals, and students who have had a basic knowledge of CMOS digital design and logic synthesis. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits James B. Kuo, Jea-Hong Lou, 1999 Geared to the needs of engineers and designers in the field, this unique volume presents a remarkably detailed analysis of one of the hottest and most compelling research topics in microelectronics today - namely, low-voltage CMOS VLSI circuit techniques for VLSI systems. It features complete guidelines to diversified low-voltage and low-power circuit techniques, emphasizing the role of submicron and CMOS processing technology and device modeling in the circuit designs of low-voltage CMOS VLSI. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design Essentials Jan Rabaey, 2009-04-21 This book contains all the topics of importance to the low power designer. It first lays the foundation and then goes on to detail the design process. The book also discusses such special topics as power management and modal design, ultra low power, and low power design methodology and flows. In addition, coverage includes projections of the future and case studies. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design Armin Tajalli, Yusuf Leblebici, 2010-09-14 Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been - veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems [1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can survive for a very long time without the need for changingor recharging battery[2–4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design techniques for implementing low power circuits [7–9], as well as dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main approaches to control the system power consumption. Design Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in modern in- grated systems. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Sub-threshold Design for Ultra Low-Power Systems Alice Wang, Benton Highsmith Calhoun, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, 2006-12-11 Based on the work of MIT graduate students Alice Wang and Benton Calhoun, this book surveys the field of sub-threshold and low-voltage design and explores such aspects of sub-threshold circuit design as modeling, logic and memory circuit design. One important chapter of the book is dedicated to optimizing energy dissipation - a key metric for energy constrained designs. This book also includes invited chapters on the subject of analog sub-threshold circuits. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Design and Development of Efficient Energy Systems Suman Lata Tripathi, Dushyant Kumar Singh, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, P. Raja, 2021-04-13 There is not a single industry which will not be transformed by machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT). IoT and machine learning have altogether changed the technological scenario by letting the user monitor and control things based on the prediction made by machine learning algorithms. There has been substantial progress in the usage of platforms, technologies and applications that are based on these technologies. These breakthrough technologies affect not just the software perspective of the industry, but they cut across areas like smart cities, smart healthcare, smart retail, smart monitoring, control, and others. Because of these “game changers,” governments, along with top companies around the world, are investing heavily in its research and development. Keeping pace with the latest trends, endless research, and new developments is paramount to innovate systems that are not only user-friendly but also speak to the growing needs and demands of society. This volume is focused on saving energy at different levels of design and automation including the concept of machine learning automation and prediction modeling. It also deals with the design and analysis for IoT-enabled systems including energy saving aspects at different level of operation. The editors and contributors also cover the fundamental concepts of IoT and machine learning, including the latest research, technological developments, and practical applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of IoT and machine technology, this is a must-have for any library. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology Milin Zhang, Zhihua Wang, Jan Van der Spiegel, 2022-09-01 Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology is a summary of lectures from the first Advanced CMOS Technology Summer School (ACTS) 2017. The slides are selected from the handouts, while the text was edited according to the lecturers talk.ACTS is a joint activity supported by the IEEE Circuit and System Society (CASS) and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS). The goal of the school is to provide society members as well researchers and engineers from industry the opportunity to learn about new emerging areas from leading experts in the field. ACTS is an example of high-level continuous education for junior engineers, teachers in academe, and students. ACTS was the results of a successful collaboration between societies, the local chapter leaders, and industry leaders. This summer school was the brainchild of Dr. Zhihua Wang, with strong support from volunteers from both the IEEE SSCS and CASS. In addition, the local companies, Synopsys China and Beijing IC Park, provided support.This first ACTS was held in the summer 2017 in Beijing. The lectures were given by academic researchers and industry experts, who presented each 6-hour long lectures on topics covering process technology, EDA skill, and circuit and layout design skills. The school was hosted and organized by the CASS Beijing Chapter, SSCS Beijing Chapter, and SSCS Tsinghua Student Chapter. The co-chairs of the first ACTS were Dr. Milin Zhang, Dr. Hanjun Jiang and Dr. Liyuan Liu. The first ACTS was a great success as illustrated by the many participants from all over China as well as by the publicity it has been received in various media outlets, including Xinhua News, one of the most popular news channels in China. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Nanoscale VLSI Rohit Dhiman, Rajeevan Chandel, 2020-10-03 This book describes methodologies in the design of VLSI devices, circuits and their applications at nanoscale levels. The book begins with the discussion on the dominant role of power dissipation in highly scaled devices.The 15 Chapters of the book are classified under four sections that cover design, modeling, and simulation of electronic, magnetic and compound semiconductors for their applications in VLSI devices, circuits, and systems. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for ultra–low power VLSI design, potential post–CMOS devices, and their applications from the architectural and system perspectives. The book shall serve as an invaluable reference book for the graduate students, Ph.D./ M.S./ M.Tech. Scholars, researchers, and practicing engineers working in the frontier areas of nanoscale VLSI design. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Ultra Low Power Bioelectronics Rahul Sarpeshkar, 2010-02-22 This book provides, for the first time, a broad and deep treatment of the fields of both ultra low power electronics and bioelectronics. It discusses fundamental principles and circuits for ultra low power electronic design and their applications in biomedical systems. It also discusses how ultra energy efficient cellular and neural systems in biology can inspire revolutionary low power architectures in mixed-signal and RF electronics. The book presents a unique, unifying view of ultra low power analog and digital electronics and emphasizes the use of the ultra energy efficient subthreshold regime of transistor operation in both. Chapters on batteries, energy harvesting, and the future of energy provide an understanding of fundamental relationships between energy use and energy generation at small scales and at large scales. A wealth of insights and examples from brain implants, cochlear implants, bio-molecular sensing, cardiac devices, and bio-inspired systems make the book useful and engaging for students and practicing engineers. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications Samuel Sheng, Robert W. Brodersen, 2012-12-06 Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design focuses on the issues behind the development of a high-bandwidth, silicon complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) low-power transceiver system for mobile RF wireless data communications. In the design of any RF communications system, three distinct factors must be considered: the propagation environment in question, the multiplexing and modulation of user data streams, and the complexity of hardware required to implement the desired link. None of these can be allowed to dominate. Coupling between system design and implementation is the key to simultaneously achieving high bandwidth and low power and is emphasized throughout the book. The material presented in Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design is the result of broadband wireless systems research done at the University of California, Berkeley. The wireless development was motivated by a much larger collaborative effort known as the Infopad Project, which was centered on developing a mobile information terminal for multimedia content - a wireless `network computer'. The desire for mobility, combined with the need to support potentially hundreds of users simultaneously accessing full-motion digital video, demanded a wireless solution that was of far lower power and higher data rate than could be provided by existing systems. That solution is the topic of this book: a case study of not only wireless systems designs, but also the implementation of such a link, down to the analog and digital circuit level. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS Circuits Christian Piguet, 2018-10-03 The power consumption of microprocessors is one of the most important challenges of high-performance chips and portable devices. In chapters drawn from Piguet's recently published Low-Power Electronics Design, Low-Power CMOS Circuits: Technology, Logic Design, and CAD Tools addresses the design of low-power circuitry in deep submicron technologies. It provides a focused reference for specialists involved in designing low-power circuitry, from transistors to logic gates. The book is organized into three broad sections for convenient access. The first examines the history of low-power electronics along with a look at emerging and possible future technologies. It also considers other technologies, such as nanotechnologies and optical chips, that may be useful in designing integrated circuits. The second part explains the techniques used to reduce power consumption at low levels. These include clock gating, leakage reduction, interconnecting and communication on chips, and adiabatic circuits. The final section discusses various CAD tools for designing low-power circuits. This section includes three chapters that demonstrate the tools and low-power design issues at three major companies that produce logic synthesizers. Providing detailed examinations contributed by leading experts, Low-Power CMOS Circuits: Technology, Logic Design, and CAD Tools supplies authoritative information on how to design and model for high performance with low power consumption in modern integrated circuits. It is a must-read for anyone designing modern computers or embedded systems. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Design of Nanometer FPGAs Hassan Hassan, Mohab Anis, 2009-09-14 Low-Power Design of Nanometer FPGAs Architecture and EDA is an invaluable reference for researchers and practicing engineers concerned with power-efficient, FPGA design. State-of-the-art power reduction techniques for FPGAs will be described and compared. These techniques can be applied at the circuit, architecture, and electronic design automation levels to describe both the dynamic and leakage power sources and enable strategies for codesign. - Low-power techniques presented at key FPGA design levels for circuits, architectures, and electronic design automation, form critical, bridge guidelines for codesign - Comprehensive review of leakage-tolerant techniques empowers designers to minimize power dissipation - Provides valuable tools for estimating power efficiency/savings of current, low-power FPGA design techniques |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics W. Nebel, Jean Mermet, 1997-06-30 Decreasing power dissipation per logic function has become a primary concern in virtually all CMOS system chips designed today as a result of the relentless progress in processing technology that has led us into the deep-submicron age. Evolution from 1 micron to 0.1 micron lithography in the next decade will not be possible without a change in the way we design CMOS systems. But power reduction requires an overall optimisation, ranging from software compilation over instruction set design down to the introduction of much more parallelism in the architecture, the optimal use of memory hierarchy, new clocking strategies, use of asynchronous techniques, new CMOS circuit techniques and management of leakage currents in new low power technologies. Moreover, performance and power dissipation will come to be dominated by interconnect and thus completely new floor planning and place and route strategies are emerging. The chapters in this book present a systematic coverage of deep submicron CMOS digital system design for low power, from process technology all the way up to software design and embedded software systems. Audience: An excellent guide for the practising engineer, researcher and student interested in this crucial aspect of actual CMOS design. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Clocking in Modern VLSI Systems Thucydides Xanthopoulos, 2009-08-19 . . . ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????,????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???. THUCYDIDIS HISTORIAE IV:108 C. Hude ed. , Teubner, Lipsiae MCMXIII ???????????,????? ??,? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?’ ?????????? ??’ ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???????. ???????????????????:108 ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?. ?????????????. ????????????,????? It being the fashion of men, what they wish to be true to admit even upon an ungrounded hope, and what they wish not, with a magistral kind of arguing to reject. Thucydides (the Peloponnesian War Part I), IV:108 Thomas Hobbes Trans. , Sir W. Molesworth ed. In The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Vol. VIII I have been introduced to clock design very early in my professional career when I was tapped right out of school to design and implement the clock generation and distribution of the Alpha 21364 microprocessor. Traditionally, Alpha processors - hibited highly innovative clocking systems, always worthy of ISSCC/JSSC publi- tions and for a while Alpha processors were leading the industry in terms of clock performance. I had huge shoes to ?ll. Obviously, I was overwhelmed, confused and highly con?dent that I would drag the entire project down. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Digital System Clocking Vojin G. Oklobdzija, Vladimir M. Stojanovic, Dejan M. Markovic, Nikola M. Nedovic, 2005-03-11 Provides the only up-to-date source on the most recent advances in this often complex and fascinating topic. The only book to be entirely devoted to clocking Clocking has become one of the most important topics in the field of digital system design A must have book for advanced circuit engineers |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Methodology Manual David Flynn, Rob Aitken, Alan Gibbons, Kaijian Shi, 2007-07-31 “Tools alone aren't enough to reduce dynamic and leakage power in complex chip designs - a well-planned methodology is needed. Following in the footsteps of the successful Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM), authors from ARM and Synopsys have written this Low Power Methodology Manual (LPMM) to describe [such] [a] low-power methodology with a practical, step-by-step approach.” Richard Goering, Software Editor, EE Times “Excellent compendium of low-power techniques and guidelines with balanced content spanning theory and practical implementation. The LPMM is a very welcome addition to the field of low power SoC implementation that has for many years operated in a largely ad-hoc fashion.” Sujeeth Joseph, Chief Architect - Semiconductor and Systems Solutions Unit, Wipro Technologies “The LPMM enables broader adoption of aggressive power management techniques based on extensive experience and silicon example with real data that every SOC designer can use to meet the difficulties faced in managing the power issues in deep submicron designs.” Anil Mankar, Sr VP Worldwide Core Engineering and Chief Development Officer, Conexant Systems Inc. “Managing power, at 90nm and below, introduces significant challenges to design flow. The LPMM is a timely and immediately useful book that shows how combination of tools, IP and methodology can be used together to address power management.” Nick Salter, Head of Chip Integration, CSR plc. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Introduction to VLSI Systems Ming-Bo Lin, 2011-11-28 With the advance of semiconductors and ubiquitous computing, the use of system-on-a-chip (SoC) has become an essential technique to reduce product cost. With this progress and continuous reduction of feature sizes, and the development of very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits, addressing the harder problems requires fundamental understanding |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Digital CMOS Design Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Robert W. Brodersen, 1995-06-30 Power consumption has become a major design consideration for battery-operated, portable systems as well as high-performance, desktop systems. Strict limitations on power dissipation must be met by the designer while still meeting ever higher computational requirements. A comprehensive approach is thus required at all levels of system design, ranging from algorithms and architectures to the logic styles and the underlying technology. Potentially one of the most important techniques involves combining architecture optimization with voltage scaling, allowing a trade-off between silicon area and low-power operation. Architectural optimization enables supply voltages of the order of 1 V using standard CMOS technology. Several techniques can also be used to minimize the switched capacitance, including representation, optimizing signal correlations, minimizing spurious transitions, optimizing sequencing of operations, activity-driven power down, etc. The high- efficiency of DC-DC converter circuitry required for efficient, low-voltage and low-current level operation is described by Stratakos, Sullivan and Sanders. The application of various low-power techniques to a chip set for multimedia applications shows that orders-of-magnitude reduction in power consumption is possible. The book also features an analysis by Professor Meindl of the fundamental limits of power consumption achievable at all levels of the design hierarchy. Svensson, of ISI, describes emerging adiabatic switching techniques that can break the CV2f barrier and reduce the energy per computation at a fixed voltage. Srivastava, of AT&T, presents the application of aggressive shut-down techniques to microprocessor applications. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: CMOS R. Jacob Baker, 2008 This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Tomasz Wojcicki, 2017-12-19 Recently the world celebrated the 60th anniversary of the invention of the first transistor. The first integrated circuit (IC) was built a decade later, with the first microprocessor designed in the early 1970s. Today, ICs are a part of nearly every aspect of our daily lives. They help us live longer and more comfortably, and do more, faster. All this is possible because of the relentless search for new materials, circuit designs, and ideas happening on a daily basis at industrial and academic institutions around the globe. Showcasing the latest advances in very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications provides a balanced view of industrial and academic developments beyond silicon and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. From quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) to chips for cochlear implants, this must-have resource: Investigates the trend of combining multiple cores in a single chip to boost performance of the overall system Describes a novel approach to enable physically unclonable functions (PUFs) using intrinsic features of a VLSI chip Examines the VLSI implementations of major symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic algorithms, hash functions, and digital signatures Discusses nonvolatile memories such as resistive random-access memory (Re-RAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), and floating-body RAM (FB-RAM) Explores organic transistors, soft errors, photonics, nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, reversible computation, bioinformatics, asynchronous logic, and more VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge research, design architectures, materials, and uses for VLSI circuits, offering valuable insight into the current state of the art of micro- and nanoelectronics. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Design K. Lal Kishore, V. S. V. Prabhakar, 2013-12-30 Aimed primarily for undergraduate students pursuing courses in VLSI design, the book emphasizes the physical understanding of underlying principles of the subject. It not only focuses on circuit design process obeying VLSI rules but also on technological aspects of Fabrication. VHDL modeling is discussed as the design engineer is expected to have good knowledge of it. Various Modeling issues of VLSI devices are focused which includes necessary device physics to the required level. With such an in-depth coverage and practical approach practising engineers can also use this as ready reference. Key features: Numerous practical examples. Questions with solutions that reflect the common doubts a beginner encounters. Device Fabrication Technology. Testing of CMOS device BiCMOS Technological issues. Industry trends. Emphasis on VHDL. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Design: Circuits, Systems and Applications Jie Li, A Ravi Sankar, P Augusta Sophy Beulet, 2018-01-02 This book gathers a collection of papers by international experts presented at the International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2-2017), which cover key developments in the field of electronics and communication engineering. ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of the electronics and communications domains, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. This book showcases the latest research in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) Design: Circuits, Systems and Applications, making it a valuable resource for all researchers, professionals, and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in digital and analog VLSI circuits and systems. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Closing the Power Gap between ASIC & Custom David Chinnery, Kurt Keutzer, 2008-01-23 Explains how to use low power design in an automated design flow, and examine the design time and performance trade-offs Includes the latest tools and techniques for low power design applied in an ASIC design flow Focuses on low power in an automated design methodology, a much neglected area |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: An ASIC Low Power Primer Rakesh Chadha, J. Bhasker, 2012-12-05 This book provides an invaluable primer on the techniques utilized in the design of low power digital semiconductor devices. Readers will benefit from the hands-on approach which starts form the ground-up, explaining with basic examples what power is, how it is measured and how it impacts on the design process of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The authors use both the Unified Power Format (UPF) and Common Power Format (CPF) to describe in detail the power intent for an ASIC and then guide readers through a variety of architectural and implementation techniques that will help meet the power intent. From analyzing system power consumption, to techniques that can be employed in a low power design, to a detailed description of two alternate standards for capturing the power directives at various phases of the design, this book is filled with information that will give ASIC designers a competitive edge in low-power design. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power Dimitrios Soudris, Christian Piguet, Costas Goutis, 2002-10-31 Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power provides the fundamentals of low power design for logic, circuit, and physical design level as well as the design story of two innovative low power systems developed in the context of European Low Power Initiative for Electronic System Design. The main objective is to present in-depth analytical and design capabilities for low power design CMOS circuits. Determining the sources of power dissipation, in-depth description of the main existing low power optimization and estimation techniques, and, their corresponding advantages, drawbacks and comparisons are discussed. Part I starts with the description of the main principles of dynamic, short-circuit, static, and leakage power dissipation together with the low power strategies for reducing each power component. A typical low power design flow consists of power optimization and estimation techniques, which should be applied in each design level. Starting with the formulation of logic optimization problem, technology independent and technology-dependent power optimization steps for combinational and sequential logic circuits are presented. The power characteristics of different logic styles such as dynamic logic and pass transistor logic and alternative implementations of basic digital circuits are studied and compared in terms of performance, area and power dissipation. Efficient implementations and comparisons of adder and multiplier circuits for various topologies are addressed. Furthermore, novel techniques that reduce the power based on alternative arithmetic schemes are investigated. Then, we tackle with the power reduction techniques for SRAM and DRAM memories. In the physical design level, the power optimization issues of clock distribution, interconnect, and layout design are described. The first part ends up with the advantages and drawbacks of the simulation-based and probabilistic power estimation methods of a logic circuit. The second part gives the architecture and the design techniques used for the low power implementation of a Safety-Critical Application Specific Instruction Processor and ultrasound beamformer application specific integrated circuit. Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, and, VLSI design engineers and professionals from academia and industry, who have had a basic knowledge of Microelectronics and CMOS digital design. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: System Integration Kurt Hoffmann, 2006-02-08 The development of large-scale integrated systems on a chip has had a dramatic effect on circuit design methodology. Recent years have seen an escalation of interest in systems level integration (system-on-a-chip) and the development of low power, high chip density circuits and systems. Kurt Hoffmann sets out to address a wide range of issues relating to the design and integration of integrated circuit components and provides readers with the methodology by which simple equations for the estimation of transistor geometries and circuit behaviour can be deduced. The broad coverage of this unique book ranges from field effect transistor design, MOS transistor modelling and the fundamentals of digital CMOS circuit design through to MOS memory architecture and design. Highlights the increasing requirement for information on system-on-a-chip design and integration. Combines coverage of semiconductor physics, digital VLSI design and analog integrated circuits in one volume for the first time. Written with the aim of bridging the gap between semiconductor device physics and practical circuit design. Introduces the basic behaviour of semiconductor components for ICs and covers the design of both digital and analog circuits in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies. Broad coverage will appeal to both students and practising engineers alike. Written by a respected expert in the field with a proven track record of publications in this field. Drawing upon considerable experience within both industry and academia, Hoffmann’s outstanding text, will prove an invaluable resource for designers, practising engineers in the semiconductor device field and electronics systems industry as well as Postgraduate students of microelectronics, electrical and computer engineering. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Electronics Design Christian Piguet, 2018-10-03 The power consumption of integrated circuits is one of the most problematic considerations affecting the design of high-performance chips and portable devices. The study of power-saving design methodologies now must also include subjects such as systems on chips, embedded software, and the future of microelectronics. Low-Power Electronics Design covers all major aspects of low-power design of ICs in deep submicron technologies and addresses emerging topics related to future design. This volume explores, in individual chapters written by expert authors, the many low-power techniques born during the past decade. It also discusses the many different domains and disciplines that impact power consumption, including processors, complex circuits, software, CAD tools, and energy sources and management. The authors delve into what many specialists predict about the future by presenting techniques that are promising but are not yet reality. They investigate nanotechnologies, optical circuits, ad hoc networks, e-textiles, as well as human powered sources of energy. Low-Power Electronics Design delivers a complete picture of today's methods for reducing power, and also illustrates the advances in chip design that may be commonplace 10 or 15 years from now. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon Swarup Bhunia, Saibal Mukhopadhyay, 2010-11-10 Design considerations for low-power operations and robustness with respect to variations typically impose contradictory requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual-threshold assignment and gate sizing can have large negative impact on parametric yield under process variations. This book focuses on circuit/architectural design techniques for achieving low power operation under parameter variations. We consider both logic and memory design aspects and cover modeling and analysis, as well as design methodology to achieve simultaneously low power and variation tolerance, while minimizing design overhead. This book will discuss current industrial practices and emerging challenges at future technology nodes. |
| low power vlsi circuits and systems: Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design Emad N. Farag, Mohamed I. Elmasry, 2000 The wireless revolution has come upon us swiftly and powerfully. Today one of the most challenging areas for VLSI designers is VLSI circuit and system design for wireless applications. The design of a cellular radio system involves several engineering disciplines ranging from communication theory and digital signal processing to high frequency semiconductor technology and circuit design. Furthermore, the new generation of wireless systems, which includes multimedia, puts severe constraints on performance, cost, size, power and energy. VLSI designers now need to understand both wireless communication and mixed signal design. Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design: Circuits and Systems provides the designer with an overview of wireless communication systems, followed by a detailed treatment of related topics such as the mobile radio, digital modulation and schemes, spread spectrum and receiver architectures. The second half of the book deals with VLSI design issues related to mixed-signal design. These include analog-to-digital conversion, transceiver design, digital low-power techniques, amplifier design, phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers. Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design: Circuits and Systems is written for use in advanced level courses and also serves as a basic reference for professional engineers. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Digital VLSI Design Abdellatif Bellaouar, Mohamed Elmasry, 2012-12-06 Low-Power Digital VLSI Design: Circuits and Systems addresses both process technologies and device modeling. Power dissipation in CMOS circuits, several practical circuit examples, and low-power techniques are discussed. Low-voltage issues for digital CMOS and BiCMOS circuits are emphasized. The book also provides an extensive study of advanced CMOS subsystem design. A low-power design methodology is presented with various power minimization techniques at the circuit, logic, architecture and algorithm levels. Features: Low-voltage CMOS device modeling, technology files, design rules Switching activity concept, low-power guidelines to engineering practice Pass-transistor logic families Power dissipation of I/O circuits Multi- and low-VT CMOS logic, static power reduction circuit techniques State of the art design of low-voltage BiCMOS and CMOS circuits Low-power techniques in CMOS SRAMS and DRAMS Low-power on-chip voltage down converter design Numerous advanced CMOS subsystems (e.g. adders, multipliers, data path, memories, regular structures, phase-locked loops) with several design options trading power, delay and area Low-power design methodology, power estimation techniques Power reduction techniques at the logic, architecture and algorithm levels More than 190 circuits explained at the transistor level. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, 2000-02-22 A comprehensive look at the rapidly growing field of low-power VLSIdesign Low-power VLSI circuit design is a dynamic research area driven bythe growing reliance on battery-powered portable computing andwireless communications products. In addition, it has becomecritical to the continued progress of high-performance and reliablemicroelectronic systems. This self-contained volume clearlyintroduces each topic, incorporates dozens of illustrations, andconcludes chapters with summaries and references. VLSI circuit andCAD engineers as well as researchers in universities and industrywill find ample information on tools and techniques for design andoptimization of low-power electronic systems. Topics include: * Fundamentals of power dissipation in microelectronicdevices * Estimation of power dissipation due to switching, short circuit,subthreshold leakage, and diode leakage currents * Design and test of low-voltage CMOS circuits * Power-conscious logic and high-level synthesis * Low-power static RAM architecture * Energy recovery techniques * Software power estimation and optimization |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Ajit Pal, 2014-11-17 The book provides a comprehensive coverage of different aspects of low power circuit synthesis at various levels of design hierarchy; starting from the layout level to the system level. For a seamless understanding of the subject, basics of MOS circuits has been introduced at transistor, gate and circuit level; followed by various low-power design methodologies, such as supply voltage scaling, switched capacitance minimization techniques and leakage power minimization approaches. The content of this book will prove useful to students, researchers, as well as practicing engineers. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Vlsi Design And Technology Farid N Najm, Garey K-h Yeap, 1996-08-30 Low-power and low-energy VLSI has become an important issue in today's consumer electronics.This book is a collection of pioneering applied research papers in low power VLSI design and technology.A comprehensive introductory chapter presents the current status of the industry and academic research in the area of low power VLSI design and technology.Other topics cover logic synthesis, floorplanning, circuit design and analysis, from the perspective of low power requirements.The readers will have a sampling of some key problems in this area as the low power solutions span the entire spectrum of the design process. The book also provides excellent references on up-to-date research and development issues with practical solution techniques. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Design and Modeling of Low Power VLSI Systems Sharma, Manoj, Gautam, Ruchi, Khan, Mohammad Ayoub, 2016-06-06 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems refer to the latest development in computer microchips which are created by integrating hundreds of thousands of transistors into one chip. Emerging research in this area has the potential to uncover further applications for VSLI technologies in addition to system advancements. Design and Modeling of Low Power VLSI Systems analyzes various traditional and modern low power techniques for integrated circuit design in addition to the limiting factors of existing techniques and methods for optimization. Through a research-based discussion of the technicalities involved in the VLSI hardware development process cycle, this book is a useful resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate-level students in computer science and engineering. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power VLSI Circuits and Systems Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-04-06 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Gain-Cell Embedded DRAMs for Low-Power VLSI Systems-on-Chip Pascal Meinerzhagen, Adam Teman, Robert Giterman, Noa Edri, Andreas Burg, Alexander Fish, 2017-07-06 This book pioneers the field of gain-cell embedded DRAM (GC-eDRAM) design for low-power VLSI systems-on-chip (SoCs). Novel GC-eDRAMs are specifically designed and optimized for a range of low-power VLSI SoCs, ranging from ultra-low power to power-aware high-performance applications. After a detailed review of prior-art GC-eDRAMs, an analytical retention time distribution model is introduced and validated by silicon measurements, which is key for low-power GC-eDRAM design. The book then investigates supply voltage scaling and near-threshold voltage (NTV) operation of a conventional gain cell (GC), before presenting novel GC circuit and assist techniques for NTV operation, including a 3-transistor full transmission-gate write port, reverse body biasing (RBB), and a replica technique for optimum refresh timing. Next, conventional GC bitcells are evaluated under aggressive technology and voltage scaling (down to the subthreshold domain), before novel bitcells for aggressively scaled CMOS nodes and soft-error tolerance as presented, including a 4-transistor GC with partial internal feedback and a 4-transistor GC with built-in redundancy. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design Gary K. Yeap, 2012-12-06 Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design emphasizes the optimization and trade-off techniques that involve power dissipation, in the hope that the readers are better prepared the next time they are presented with a low power design problem. The book highlights the basic principles, methodologies and techniques that are common to most CMOS digital designs. The advantages and disadvantages of a particular low power technique are discussed. Besides the classical area-performance trade-off, the impact to design cycle time, complexity, risk, testability and reusability are discussed. The wide impacts to all aspects of design are what make low power problems challenging and interesting. Heavy emphasis is given to top-down structured design style, with occasional coverage in the semicustom design methodology. The examples and design techniques cited have been known to be applied to production scale designs or laboratory settings. The goal of Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design is to permit the readers to practice the low power techniques using current generation design style and process technology. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design considers a wide range of design abstraction levels spanning circuit, logic, architecture and system. Substantial basic knowledge is provided for qualitative and quantitative analysis at the different design abstraction levels. Low power techniques are presented at the circuit, logic, architecture and system levels. Special techniques that are specific to some key areas of digital chip design are discussed as well as some of the low power techniques that are just appearing on the horizon. Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design will be of benefit to VLSI design engineers and students who have a fundamental knowledge of CMOS digital design. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Voltage, Low Power VLSI Subsystems Kiat Seng Yeo, Kaushik Roy, 2005 Designers developing the low voltage, low power chips that enable small, portable devices, face a very particular set of challenges. This monograph details design techniques for the low power circuitry required by the many miniaturized business and consumer products driving the electronics market. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design Methodologies Jan M. Rabaey, Massoud Pedram, 2012-12-06 Low Power Design Methodologies presents the first in-depth coverage of all the layers of the design hierarchy, ranging from the technology, circuit, logic and architectural levels, up to the system layer. The book gives insight into the mechanisms of power dissipation in digital circuits and presents state of the art approaches to power reduction. Finally, it introduces a global view of low power design methodologies and how these are being captured in the latest design automation environments. The individual chapters are written by the leading researchers in the area, drawn from both industry and academia. Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter. Audience: A broad introduction for anyone interested in low power design. Can also be used as a text book for an advanced graduate class. A starting point for any aspiring researcher. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs Sasan Iman, Massoud Pedram, 1998 Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs presents a systematic and comprehensive treatment of power modeling and optimization at the logic level. More precisely, this book provides a detailed presentation of methodologies, algorithms and CAD tools for power modeling, estimation and analysis, synthesis and optimization at the logic level. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs contains detailed descriptions of technology-dependent logic transformations and optimizations, technology decomposition and mapping, and post-mapping structural optimization techniques for low power. It also emphasizes the trade-off techniques for two-level and multi-level logic circuits that involve power dissipation and circuit speed, in the hope that the readers can better understand the issues and ways of achieving their power dissipation goal while meeting the timing constraints. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs is written for VLSI design engineers, CAD professionals, and students who have had a basic knowledge of CMOS digital design and logic synthesis. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Voltage CMOS VLSI Circuits James B. Kuo, Jea-Hong Lou, 1999 Geared to the needs of engineers and designers in the field, this unique volume presents a remarkably detailed analysis of one of the hottest and most compelling research topics in microelectronics today - namely, low-voltage CMOS VLSI circuit techniques for VLSI systems. It features complete guidelines to diversified low-voltage and low-power circuit techniques, emphasizing the role of submicron and CMOS processing technology and device modeling in the circuit designs of low-voltage CMOS VLSI. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design Essentials Jan Rabaey, 2009-04-21 This book contains all the topics of importance to the low power designer. It first lays the foundation and then goes on to detail the design process. The book also discusses such special topics as power management and modal design, ultra low power, and low power design methodology and flows. In addition, coverage includes projections of the future and case studies. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design Armin Tajalli, Yusuf Leblebici, 2010-09-14 Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been - veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems [1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can survive for a very long time without the need for changingor recharging battery[2–4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design techniques for implementing low power circuits [7–9], as well as dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main approaches to control the system power consumption. Design Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in modern in- grated systems. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Sub-threshold Design for Ultra Low-Power Systems Alice Wang, Benton Highsmith Calhoun, Anantha P. Chandrakasan, 2006-12-11 Based on the work of MIT graduate students Alice Wang and Benton Calhoun, this book surveys the field of sub-threshold and low-voltage design and explores such aspects of sub-threshold circuit design as modeling, logic and memory circuit design. One important chapter of the book is dedicated to optimizing energy dissipation - a key metric for energy constrained designs. This book also includes invited chapters on the subject of analog sub-threshold circuits. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Design and Development of Efficient Energy Systems Suman Lata Tripathi, Dushyant Kumar Singh, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, P. Raja, 2021-04-13 There is not a single industry which will not be transformed by machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT). IoT and machine learning have altogether changed the technological scenario by letting the user monitor and control things based on the prediction made by machine learning algorithms. There has been substantial progress in the usage of platforms, technologies and applications that are based on these technologies. These breakthrough technologies affect not just the software perspective of the industry, but they cut across areas like smart cities, smart healthcare, smart retail, smart monitoring, control, and others. Because of these “game changers,” governments, along with top companies around the world, are investing heavily in its research and development. Keeping pace with the latest trends, endless research, and new developments is paramount to innovate systems that are not only user-friendly but also speak to the growing needs and demands of society. This volume is focused on saving energy at different levels of design and automation including the concept of machine learning automation and prediction modeling. It also deals with the design and analysis for IoT-enabled systems including energy saving aspects at different level of operation. The editors and contributors also cover the fundamental concepts of IoT and machine learning, including the latest research, technological developments, and practical applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of IoT and machine technology, this is a must-have for any library. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology Milin Zhang, Zhihua Wang, Jan Van der Spiegel, 2022-09-01 Low Power Circuit Design Using Advanced CMOS Technology is a summary of lectures from the first Advanced CMOS Technology Summer School (ACTS) 2017. The slides are selected from the handouts, while the text was edited according to the lecturers talk.ACTS is a joint activity supported by the IEEE Circuit and System Society (CASS) and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society (SSCS). The goal of the school is to provide society members as well researchers and engineers from industry the opportunity to learn about new emerging areas from leading experts in the field. ACTS is an example of high-level continuous education for junior engineers, teachers in academe, and students. ACTS was the results of a successful collaboration between societies, the local chapter leaders, and industry leaders. This summer school was the brainchild of Dr. Zhihua Wang, with strong support from volunteers from both the IEEE SSCS and CASS. In addition, the local companies, Synopsys China and Beijing IC Park, provided support.This first ACTS was held in the summer 2017 in Beijing. The lectures were given by academic researchers and industry experts, who presented each 6-hour long lectures on topics covering process technology, EDA skill, and circuit and layout design skills. The school was hosted and organized by the CASS Beijing Chapter, SSCS Beijing Chapter, and SSCS Tsinghua Student Chapter. The co-chairs of the first ACTS were Dr. Milin Zhang, Dr. Hanjun Jiang and Dr. Liyuan Liu. The first ACTS was a great success as illustrated by the many participants from all over China as well as by the publicity it has been received in various media outlets, including Xinhua News, one of the most popular news channels in China. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Ultra Low Power Bioelectronics Rahul Sarpeshkar, 2010-02-22 This book provides, for the first time, a broad and deep treatment of the fields of both ultra low power electronics and bioelectronics. It discusses fundamental principles and circuits for ultra low power electronic design and their applications in biomedical systems. It also discusses how ultra energy efficient cellular and neural systems in biology can inspire revolutionary low power architectures in mixed-signal and RF electronics. The book presents a unique, unifying view of ultra low power analog and digital electronics and emphasizes the use of the ultra energy efficient subthreshold regime of transistor operation in both. Chapters on batteries, energy harvesting, and the future of energy provide an understanding of fundamental relationships between energy use and energy generation at small scales and at large scales. A wealth of insights and examples from brain implants, cochlear implants, bio-molecular sensing, cardiac devices, and bio-inspired systems make the book useful and engaging for students and practicing engineers. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Nanoscale VLSI Rohit Dhiman, Rajeevan Chandel, 2020-10-03 This book describes methodologies in the design of VLSI devices, circuits and their applications at nanoscale levels. The book begins with the discussion on the dominant role of power dissipation in highly scaled devices.The 15 Chapters of the book are classified under four sections that cover design, modeling, and simulation of electronic, magnetic and compound semiconductors for their applications in VLSI devices, circuits, and systems. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for ultra–low power VLSI design, potential post–CMOS devices, and their applications from the architectural and system perspectives. The book shall serve as an invaluable reference book for the graduate students, Ph.D./ M.S./ M.Tech. Scholars, researchers, and practicing engineers working in the frontier areas of nanoscale VLSI design. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications Samuel Sheng, Robert W. Brodersen, 2012-12-06 Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design focuses on the issues behind the development of a high-bandwidth, silicon complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) low-power transceiver system for mobile RF wireless data communications. In the design of any RF communications system, three distinct factors must be considered: the propagation environment in question, the multiplexing and modulation of user data streams, and the complexity of hardware required to implement the desired link. None of these can be allowed to dominate. Coupling between system design and implementation is the key to simultaneously achieving high bandwidth and low power and is emphasized throughout the book. The material presented in Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design is the result of broadband wireless systems research done at the University of California, Berkeley. The wireless development was motivated by a much larger collaborative effort known as the Infopad Project, which was centered on developing a mobile information terminal for multimedia content - a wireless `network computer'. The desire for mobility, combined with the need to support potentially hundreds of users simultaneously accessing full-motion digital video, demanded a wireless solution that was of far lower power and higher data rate than could be provided by existing systems. That solution is the topic of this book: a case study of not only wireless systems designs, but also the implementation of such a link, down to the analog and digital circuit level. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Design of Nanometer FPGAs Hassan Hassan, Mohab Anis, 2009-09-14 Low-Power Design of Nanometer FPGAs Architecture and EDA is an invaluable reference for researchers and practicing engineers concerned with power-efficient, FPGA design. State-of-the-art power reduction techniques for FPGAs will be described and compared. These techniques can be applied at the circuit, architecture, and electronic design automation levels to describe both the dynamic and leakage power sources and enable strategies for codesign. - Low-power techniques presented at key FPGA design levels for circuits, architectures, and electronic design automation, form critical, bridge guidelines for codesign - Comprehensive review of leakage-tolerant techniques empowers designers to minimize power dissipation - Provides valuable tools for estimating power efficiency/savings of current, low-power FPGA design techniques |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power CMOS Circuits Christian Piguet, 2018-10-03 The power consumption of microprocessors is one of the most important challenges of high-performance chips and portable devices. In chapters drawn from Piguet's recently published Low-Power Electronics Design, Low-Power CMOS Circuits: Technology, Logic Design, and CAD Tools addresses the design of low-power circuitry in deep submicron technologies. It provides a focused reference for specialists involved in designing low-power circuitry, from transistors to logic gates. The book is organized into three broad sections for convenient access. The first examines the history of low-power electronics along with a look at emerging and possible future technologies. It also considers other technologies, such as nanotechnologies and optical chips, that may be useful in designing integrated circuits. The second part explains the techniques used to reduce power consumption at low levels. These include clock gating, leakage reduction, interconnecting and communication on chips, and adiabatic circuits. The final section discusses various CAD tools for designing low-power circuits. This section includes three chapters that demonstrate the tools and low-power design issues at three major companies that produce logic synthesizers. Providing detailed examinations contributed by leading experts, Low-Power CMOS Circuits: Technology, Logic Design, and CAD Tools supplies authoritative information on how to design and model for high performance with low power consumption in modern integrated circuits. It is a must-read for anyone designing modern computers or embedded systems. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Design in Deep Submicron Electronics W. Nebel, Jean Mermet, 1997-06-30 Decreasing power dissipation per logic function has become a primary concern in virtually all CMOS system chips designed today as a result of the relentless progress in processing technology that has led us into the deep-submicron age. Evolution from 1 micron to 0.1 micron lithography in the next decade will not be possible without a change in the way we design CMOS systems. But power reduction requires an overall optimisation, ranging from software compilation over instruction set design down to the introduction of much more parallelism in the architecture, the optimal use of memory hierarchy, new clocking strategies, use of asynchronous techniques, new CMOS circuit techniques and management of leakage currents in new low power technologies. Moreover, performance and power dissipation will come to be dominated by interconnect and thus completely new floor planning and place and route strategies are emerging. The chapters in this book present a systematic coverage of deep submicron CMOS digital system design for low power, from process technology all the way up to software design and embedded software systems. Audience: An excellent guide for the practising engineer, researcher and student interested in this crucial aspect of actual CMOS design. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Clocking in Modern VLSI Systems Thucydides Xanthopoulos, 2009-08-19 . . . ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????,????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????????? ???. THUCYDIDIS HISTORIAE IV:108 C. Hude ed. , Teubner, Lipsiae MCMXIII ???????????,????? ??,? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?’ ?????????? ??’ ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???????. ???????????????????:108 ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?. ?????????????. ????????????,????? It being the fashion of men, what they wish to be true to admit even upon an ungrounded hope, and what they wish not, with a magistral kind of arguing to reject. Thucydides (the Peloponnesian War Part I), IV:108 Thomas Hobbes Trans. , Sir W. Molesworth ed. In The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Vol. VIII I have been introduced to clock design very early in my professional career when I was tapped right out of school to design and implement the clock generation and distribution of the Alpha 21364 microprocessor. Traditionally, Alpha processors - hibited highly innovative clocking systems, always worthy of ISSCC/JSSC publi- tions and for a while Alpha processors were leading the industry in terms of clock performance. I had huge shoes to ?ll. Obviously, I was overwhelmed, confused and highly con?dent that I would drag the entire project down. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Methodology Manual David Flynn, Rob Aitken, Alan Gibbons, Kaijian Shi, 2007-07-31 “Tools alone aren't enough to reduce dynamic and leakage power in complex chip designs - a well-planned methodology is needed. Following in the footsteps of the successful Reuse Methodology Manual (RMM), authors from ARM and Synopsys have written this Low Power Methodology Manual (LPMM) to describe [such] [a] low-power methodology with a practical, step-by-step approach.” Richard Goering, Software Editor, EE Times “Excellent compendium of low-power techniques and guidelines with balanced content spanning theory and practical implementation. The LPMM is a very welcome addition to the field of low power SoC implementation that has for many years operated in a largely ad-hoc fashion.” Sujeeth Joseph, Chief Architect - Semiconductor and Systems Solutions Unit, Wipro Technologies “The LPMM enables broader adoption of aggressive power management techniques based on extensive experience and silicon example with real data that every SOC designer can use to meet the difficulties faced in managing the power issues in deep submicron designs.” Anil Mankar, Sr VP Worldwide Core Engineering and Chief Development Officer, Conexant Systems Inc. “Managing power, at 90nm and below, introduces significant challenges to design flow. The LPMM is a timely and immediately useful book that shows how combination of tools, IP and methodology can be used together to address power management.” Nick Salter, Head of Chip Integration, CSR plc. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Introduction to VLSI Systems Ming-Bo Lin, 2011-11-28 With the advance of semiconductors and ubiquitous computing, the use of system-on-a-chip (SoC) has become an essential technique to reduce product cost. With this progress and continuous reduction of feature sizes, and the development of very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits, addressing the harder problems requires fundamental understanding |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low Power Digital CMOS Design Anantha P. Chandrakasan, Robert W. Brodersen, 1995-06-30 Power consumption has become a major design consideration for battery-operated, portable systems as well as high-performance, desktop systems. Strict limitations on power dissipation must be met by the designer while still meeting ever higher computational requirements. A comprehensive approach is thus required at all levels of system design, ranging from algorithms and architectures to the logic styles and the underlying technology. Potentially one of the most important techniques involves combining architecture optimization with voltage scaling, allowing a trade-off between silicon area and low-power operation. Architectural optimization enables supply voltages of the order of 1 V using standard CMOS technology. Several techniques can also be used to minimize the switched capacitance, including representation, optimizing signal correlations, minimizing spurious transitions, optimizing sequencing of operations, activity-driven power down, etc. The high- efficiency of DC-DC converter circuitry required for efficient, low-voltage and low-current level operation is described by Stratakos, Sullivan and Sanders. The application of various low-power techniques to a chip set for multimedia applications shows that orders-of-magnitude reduction in power consumption is possible. The book also features an analysis by Professor Meindl of the fundamental limits of power consumption achievable at all levels of the design hierarchy. Svensson, of ISI, describes emerging adiabatic switching techniques that can break the CV2f barrier and reduce the energy per computation at a fixed voltage. Srivastava, of AT&T, presents the application of aggressive shut-down techniques to microprocessor applications. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: CMOS R. Jacob Baker, 2008 This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Closing the Power Gap between ASIC & Custom David Chinnery, Kurt Keutzer, 2008-01-23 Explains how to use low power design in an automated design flow, and examine the design time and performance trade-offs Includes the latest tools and techniques for low power design applied in an ASIC design flow Focuses on low power in an automated design methodology, a much neglected area |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: An ASIC Low Power Primer Rakesh Chadha, J. Bhasker, 2012-12-05 This book provides an invaluable primer on the techniques utilized in the design of low power digital semiconductor devices. Readers will benefit from the hands-on approach which starts form the ground-up, explaining with basic examples what power is, how it is measured and how it impacts on the design process of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). The authors use both the Unified Power Format (UPF) and Common Power Format (CPF) to describe in detail the power intent for an ASIC and then guide readers through a variety of architectural and implementation techniques that will help meet the power intent. From analyzing system power consumption, to techniques that can be employed in a low power design, to a detailed description of two alternate standards for capturing the power directives at various phases of the design, this book is filled with information that will give ASIC designers a competitive edge in low-power design. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Design K. Lal Kishore, V. S. V. Prabhakar, 2013-12-30 Aimed primarily for undergraduate students pursuing courses in VLSI design, the book emphasizes the physical understanding of underlying principles of the subject. It not only focuses on circuit design process obeying VLSI rules but also on technological aspects of Fabrication. VHDL modeling is discussed as the design engineer is expected to have good knowledge of it. Various Modeling issues of VLSI devices are focused which includes necessary device physics to the required level. With such an in-depth coverage and practical approach practising engineers can also use this as ready reference. Key features: Numerous practical examples. Questions with solutions that reflect the common doubts a beginner encounters. Device Fabrication Technology. Testing of CMOS device BiCMOS Technological issues. Industry trends. Emphasis on VHDL. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Design: Circuits, Systems and Applications Jie Li, A Ravi Sankar, P Augusta Sophy Beulet, 2018-01-02 This book gathers a collection of papers by international experts presented at the International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2-2017), which cover key developments in the field of electronics and communication engineering. ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of the electronics and communications domains, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. This book showcases the latest research in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) Design: Circuits, Systems and Applications, making it a valuable resource for all researchers, professionals, and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in digital and analog VLSI circuits and systems. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Ultra-Low-Voltage Frequency Synthesizer and Successive-Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Applications Chung-Chih Hung, Shih-Hsing Wang, 2021-12-07 This book introduces the origin of biomedical signals and the operating principles behind them and introduces the characteristics of common biomedical signals for subsequent signal measurement and judgment. Since biomedical signals are captured by wearable devices, sensor devices, or implanted devices, these devices are all battery-powered to maintain long working time. We hope to reduce their power consumption to extend service life, especially for implantable devices, because battery replacement can only be done through surgery. Therefore, we must understand how to design low-power integrated circuits. Both implantable and in-vitro medical signal detectors require two basic components to collect and transmit biomedical signals: an analog-to-digital converter and a frequency synthesizer because these measured biomedical signals are wirelessly transmitted to the relevant receiving unit. The core unit of wireless transmission is the frequency synthesizer, which provides a wide frequency range and stable frequency to demonstrate the quality and performance of the wireless transmitter. Therefore, the basic operating principle and model of the frequency synthesizer are introduced. We also show design examples and measurement results of a low-power low-voltage integer-N frequency synthesizer for biomedical applications. The detection of biomedical signals needs to be converted into digital signals by an analog-to-digital converter to facilitate subsequent signal processing and recognition. Therefore, the operating principle of the analog-to-digital converter is introduced. We also show implementation examples and measurement results of low-power low-voltage analog-to-digital converters for biomedical applications. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: VLSI Tomasz Wojcicki, 2017-12-19 Recently the world celebrated the 60th anniversary of the invention of the first transistor. The first integrated circuit (IC) was built a decade later, with the first microprocessor designed in the early 1970s. Today, ICs are a part of nearly every aspect of our daily lives. They help us live longer and more comfortably, and do more, faster. All this is possible because of the relentless search for new materials, circuit designs, and ideas happening on a daily basis at industrial and academic institutions around the globe. Showcasing the latest advances in very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications provides a balanced view of industrial and academic developments beyond silicon and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. From quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) to chips for cochlear implants, this must-have resource: Investigates the trend of combining multiple cores in a single chip to boost performance of the overall system Describes a novel approach to enable physically unclonable functions (PUFs) using intrinsic features of a VLSI chip Examines the VLSI implementations of major symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic algorithms, hash functions, and digital signatures Discusses nonvolatile memories such as resistive random-access memory (Re-RAM), magneto-resistive RAM (MRAM), and floating-body RAM (FB-RAM) Explores organic transistors, soft errors, photonics, nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays, reversible computation, bioinformatics, asynchronous logic, and more VLSI: Circuits for Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge research, design architectures, materials, and uses for VLSI circuits, offering valuable insight into the current state of the art of micro- and nanoelectronics. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power Dimitrios Soudris, Christian Piguet, Costas Goutis, 2002-10-31 Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power provides the fundamentals of low power design for logic, circuit, and physical design level as well as the design story of two innovative low power systems developed in the context of European Low Power Initiative for Electronic System Design. The main objective is to present in-depth analytical and design capabilities for low power design CMOS circuits. Determining the sources of power dissipation, in-depth description of the main existing low power optimization and estimation techniques, and, their corresponding advantages, drawbacks and comparisons are discussed. Part I starts with the description of the main principles of dynamic, short-circuit, static, and leakage power dissipation together with the low power strategies for reducing each power component. A typical low power design flow consists of power optimization and estimation techniques, which should be applied in each design level. Starting with the formulation of logic optimization problem, technology independent and technology-dependent power optimization steps for combinational and sequential logic circuits are presented. The power characteristics of different logic styles such as dynamic logic and pass transistor logic and alternative implementations of basic digital circuits are studied and compared in terms of performance, area and power dissipation. Efficient implementations and comparisons of adder and multiplier circuits for various topologies are addressed. Furthermore, novel techniques that reduce the power based on alternative arithmetic schemes are investigated. Then, we tackle with the power reduction techniques for SRAM and DRAM memories. In the physical design level, the power optimization issues of clock distribution, interconnect, and layout design are described. The first part ends up with the advantages and drawbacks of the simulation-based and probabilistic power estimation methods of a logic circuit. The second part gives the architecture and the design techniques used for the low power implementation of a Safety-Critical Application Specific Instruction Processor and ultrasound beamformer application specific integrated circuit. Designing CMOS Circuits for Low Power can be used as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students, and, VLSI design engineers and professionals from academia and industry, who have had a basic knowledge of Microelectronics and CMOS digital design. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Variation-Tolerant Design in Nanometer Silicon Swarup Bhunia, Saibal Mukhopadhyay, 2010-11-10 Design considerations for low-power operations and robustness with respect to variations typically impose contradictory requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual-threshold assignment and gate sizing can have large negative impact on parametric yield under process variations. This book focuses on circuit/architectural design techniques for achieving low power operation under parameter variations. We consider both logic and memory design aspects and cover modeling and analysis, as well as design methodology to achieve simultaneously low power and variation tolerance, while minimizing design overhead. This book will discuss current industrial practices and emerging challenges at future technology nodes. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Low-Power Electronics Design Christian Piguet, 2018-10-03 The power consumption of integrated circuits is one of the most problematic considerations affecting the design of high-performance chips and portable devices. The study of power-saving design methodologies now must also include subjects such as systems on chips, embedded software, and the future of microelectronics. Low-Power Electronics Design covers all major aspects of low-power design of ICs in deep submicron technologies and addresses emerging topics related to future design. This volume explores, in individual chapters written by expert authors, the many low-power techniques born during the past decade. It also discusses the many different domains and disciplines that impact power consumption, including processors, complex circuits, software, CAD tools, and energy sources and management. The authors delve into what many specialists predict about the future by presenting techniques that are promising but are not yet reality. They investigate nanotechnologies, optical circuits, ad hoc networks, e-textiles, as well as human powered sources of energy. Low-Power Electronics Design delivers a complete picture of today's methods for reducing power, and also illustrates the advances in chip design that may be commonplace 10 or 15 years from now. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: System Integration Kurt Hoffmann, 2006-02-08 The development of large-scale integrated systems on a chip has had a dramatic effect on circuit design methodology. Recent years have seen an escalation of interest in systems level integration (system-on-a-chip) and the development of low power, high chip density circuits and systems. Kurt Hoffmann sets out to address a wide range of issues relating to the design and integration of integrated circuit components and provides readers with the methodology by which simple equations for the estimation of transistor geometries and circuit behaviour can be deduced. The broad coverage of this unique book ranges from field effect transistor design, MOS transistor modelling and the fundamentals of digital CMOS circuit design through to MOS memory architecture and design. Highlights the increasing requirement for information on system-on-a-chip design and integration. Combines coverage of semiconductor physics, digital VLSI design and analog integrated circuits in one volume for the first time. Written with the aim of bridging the gap between semiconductor device physics and practical circuit design. Introduces the basic behaviour of semiconductor components for ICs and covers the design of both digital and analog circuits in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies. Broad coverage will appeal to both students and practising engineers alike. Written by a respected expert in the field with a proven track record of publications in this field. Drawing upon considerable experience within both industry and academia, Hoffmann’s outstanding text, will prove an invaluable resource for designers, practising engineers in the semiconductor device field and electronics systems industry as well as Postgraduate students of microelectronics, electrical and computer engineering. |
| low-power vlsi circuits and systems: Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design Emad N. Farag, Mohamed I. Elmasry, 2000 The wireless revolution has come upon us swiftly and powerfully. Today one of the most challenging areas for VLSI designers is VLSI circuit and system design for wireless applications. The design of a cellular radio system involves several engineering disciplines ranging from communication theory and digital signal processing to high frequency semiconductor technology and circuit design. Furthermore, the new generation of wireless systems, which includes multimedia, puts severe constraints on performance, cost, size, power and energy. VLSI designers now need to understand both wireless communication and mixed signal design. Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design: Circuits and Systems provides the designer with an overview of wireless communication systems, followed by a detailed treatment of related topics such as the mobile radio, digital modulation and schemes, spread spectrum and receiver architectures. The second half of the book deals with VLSI design issues related to mixed-signal design. These include analog-to-digital conversion, transceiver design, digital low-power techniques, amplifier design, phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers. Mixed Signal VLSI Wireless Design: Circuits and Systems is written for use in advanced level courses and also serves as a basic reference for professional engineers. |
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LOW Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LOW is having a small upward extension or elevation. How to use low in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Low.
Low - definition of low by The Free Dictionary
Define low. low synonyms, low pronunciation, low translation, English dictionary definition of low. adj. low·er , low·est 1. a. Having little relative height; not high or tall: a low wall. b. Rising only …
LOW definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
You can use low to indicate that something is small in amount or that it is at the bottom of a particular scale. You can use phrases such as in the low 80s to indicate that a number or level …
LOW | definition in the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary
LOW meaning: 1. near the ground, not high: 2. below the usual level: 3. deep or quiet: . Learn more.
Low - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
Something that's low is short or shallow. Things that are less than usual can be described with the adjective low. You might be low on gas in your car, for example, or wake up with a low amount …
low adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage ...
Definition of low adjective in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
LOW | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
LOW meaning: 1. not measuring much from the base to the top: 2. close to the ground or the bottom of something…. Learn more.
LOW Stock Price | Lowe's Cos. Stock Quote (U.S.: NYSE ...
5 days ago · LOW | Complete Lowe's Cos. stock news by MarketWatch. View real-time stock prices and stock quotes for a full financial overview.
