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| likert scale book: Survey Scales Robert L. Johnson, Grant B. Morgan, 2016-07-05 Synthesizing the literature from the survey and measurement fields, this book explains how to develop closed-response survey scales that will accurately capture such constructs as attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. It provides guidelines to help applied researchers or graduate students review existing scales for possible adoption or adaptation in a study; create their own conceptual framework for a scale; write checklists, true-false variations, and Likert-style items; design response scales; examine validity and reliability; conduct a factor analysis; and document the instrument development and its technical quality. Advice is given on constructing tables and graphs to report survey scale results. Concepts and procedures are illustrated with Not This/But This examples from multiple disciplines. User-Friendly Features *End-of-chapter exercises with sample solutions, plus annotated suggestions for further reading. *Not This/But This examples of poorly written and strong survey items. *Chapter-opening overviews and within-chapter summaries. *Glossary of key concepts. *Appendix with examples of parametric and nonparametric procedures for group comparisons. |
| likert scale book: Scale Development Robert F. DeVellis, 2016-03-30 In the Fourth Edition of Scale Development, Robert F. DeVellis demystifies measurement by emphasizing a logical rather than strictly mathematical understanding of concepts. The text supports readers in comprehending newer approaches to measurement, comparing them to classical approaches, and grasping more clearly the relative merits of each. This edition addresses new topics pertinent to modern measurement approaches and includes additional exercises and topics for class discussion. Available with Perusall—an eBook that makes it easier to prepare for class Perusall is an award-winning eBook platform featuring social annotation tools that allow students and instructors to collaboratively mark up and discuss their SAGE textbook. Backed by research and supported by technological innovations developed at Harvard University, this process of learning through collaborative annotation keeps your students engaged and makes teaching easier and more effective. Learn more. |
| likert scale book: A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes Rensis Likert, 1987 |
| likert scale book: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods Mike Allen, 2017-04-11 Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version. |
| likert scale book: Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics Yogesh Kumar Singh, 2006-12 The book approaches research from a perspective different from that taken in other educational research textbooks. The goal is to show educators that the application of research principles can make them more effective in their job of promoting learning. The basic point is that we do not have to stop teaching to do research; research is something we can do while teaching and if we do good research, we will do better teaching. This book includes most of the topics treated in traditional educational research books, but in a different order and with a different emphasis. The important content cons. |
| likert scale book: Statistical Analysis and Data Display Richard M. Heiberger, Burt Holland, 2013-06-29 1 Audience Students seeking master's degrees in applied statistics in the late 1960s and 1970s typically took a year-long sequence in statistical methods. Popular choices of the course text book in that period prior to the availability of high speed computing and graphics capability were those authored by Snedecor and Cochran, and Steel and Torrie. By 1980, the topical coverage in these classics failed to include a great many new and important elementary techniques in the data analyst's toolkit. In order to teach the statistical methods sequence with adequate coverage of topics, it became necessary to draw material from each of four or five text sources. Obviously, such a situation makes life difficult for both students and instructors. In addition, statistics students need to become proficient with at least one high-quality statistical software package. This book can serve as a standalone text for a contemporary year-long course in statistical methods at a level appropriate for statistics majors at the master's level or other quantitatively oriented disciplines at the doctoral level. The topics include both concepts and techniques developed many years ago and a variety of newer tools not commonly found in textbooks. |
| likert scale book: Performance-focused Smile Sheets Will Thalheimer, 2016 This book, Performance-Focused Smile Sheets, completely reimagines the smile sheet as an essential tool to drive performance improvement. Traditional smile sheets (i.e., learner response forms, student reaction forms) don't work! Decades of practice shows them to have negligible benefits. Scientific studies prove that traditional smile sheets are not correlated with learning results! Yet still we rely on smile sheets to make critical decisions about our learning interventions. In this book, Dr. Will Thalheimer carefully builds the case for a new methodology in smile-sheet design. Based on the learning research, Performance-Focused Smile Sheets shows how to write better questions, more focused on performance. The book also shows how to deploy smile sheets to our learners to get valid feedback--feedback that can be used to help us as trainers, instructional designers, teachers, professors, eLearning developers, and chief learning officers build virtuous cycles of continuous improvement. |
| likert scale book: STOP, THAT and One Hundred Other Sleep Scales Azmeh Shahid, Kate Wilkinson, Shai Marcu, Colin M Shapiro, 2012-01-06 There are at least four reasons why a sleep clinician should be familiar with rating scales that evaluate different facets of sleep. First, the use of scales facilitates a quick and accurate assessment of a complex clinical problem. In three or four minutes (the time to review ten standard scales), a clinician can come to a broad understanding of the patient in question. For example, a selection of scales might indicate that an individual is sleepy but not fatigued; lacking alertness with no insomnia; presenting with no symptoms of narcolepsy or restless legs but showing clear features of apnea; exhibiting depression and a history of significant alcohol problems. This information can be used to direct the consultation to those issues perceived as most relevant, and can even provide a springboard for explaining the benefits of certain treatment approaches or the potential corollaries of allowing the status quo to continue. Second, rating scales can provide a clinician with an enhanced vocabulary or language, improving his or her understanding of each patient. In the case of the sleep specialist, a scale can help him to distinguish fatigue from sleepiness in a patient, or elucidate the differences between sleepiness and alertness (which is not merely the inverse of the former). Sleep scales are developed by researchers and clinicians who have spent years in their field, carefully honing their preferred methods for assessing certain brain states or characteristic features of a condition. Thus, scales provide clinicians with a repertoire of questions, allowing them to draw upon the extensive experience of their colleagues when attempting to tease apart nuanced problems. Third, some scales are helpful for tracking a patient’s progress. A particular patient may not remember how alert he felt on a series of different stimulant medications. Scale assessments administered periodically over the course of treatment provide an objective record of the intervention, allowing the clinician to examine and possibly reassess her approach to the patient. Finally, for individuals conducting a double-blind crossover trial or a straightforward clinical practice audit, those who are interested in research will find that their own clinics become a source of great discovery. Scales provide standardized measures that allow colleagues across cities and countries to coordinate their practices. They enable the replication of previous studies and facilitate the organization and dissemination of new research in a way that is accessible and rapid. As the emphasis placed on evidence-based care grows, a clinician’s ability to assess his or her own practice and its relation to the wider medical community becomes invaluable. Scales make this kind of standardization possible, just as they enable the research efforts that help to formulate those standards. The majority of Rating Scales in Sleep and Sleep Disorders:100 Scales for Clinical Practice is devoted to briefly discussing individual scales. When possible, an example of the scale is provided so that readers may gain a sense of the instrument’s content. Groundbreaking and the first of its kind to conceptualize and organize the essential scales used in sleep medicine, Rating Scales in Sleep and Sleep Disorders:100 Scales for Clinical Practice is an invaluable resource for all clinicians and researchers interested in sleep disorders. |
| likert scale book: Conducting Online Surveys Valerie M. Sue, Lois A. Ritter, 2012 This book addresses the needs of researchers who want to conduct surveys online. Issues discussed include sampling from online populations, developing online and mobile questionnaires, and administering electronic surveys, are unique to digital surveys. Others, like creating reliable and valid survey questions, data analysis strategies, and writing the survey report, are common to all survey environments. This single resource captures the particulars of conducting digital surveys from start to finish |
| likert scale book: Remote Usability Testing Inge De Bleecker, Rebecca Okoroji, 2018-08-23 Usability testing is a sub-discipline of User Experience, and remote testing involves fewer logistics, allows participation regardless of location and is quicker and cheaper to execute than in person studies, but still deliver valuable insights and feedback. This book is your ideal guide to remote usability testing. |
| likert scale book: Asking Questions Norman M. Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, Brian Wansink, 2015-08-07 Since it was first published more than twenty-five years ago, Asking Questions has become a classic guide for designing questionnaires3⁄4the most widely used method for collecting information about people?s attitudes and behavior. An essential tool for market researchers advertisers, pollsters, and social scientists, this thoroughly updated and definitive work combines time-proven techniques with the most current research, findings, and methods. The book presents a cognitive approach to questionnaire design and includes timely information on the Internet and electronic resources. Comprehensive and concise, Asking Questions can be used to design questionnaires for any subject area, whether administered by telephone, online, mail, in groups, or face-to-face. The book describes the design process from start to finish and is filled with illustrative examples from actual surveys. |
| likert scale book: Surveys That Work Caoline Jarrett, 2021-07-13 Surveys That Work explains a seven-step process for designing, running, and reporting on a survey that gets accurate results. In a no-nonsense style with plenty of examples about real&ndashworld compromises, the book focuses on reducing the errors that make up Total Survey Error--a key concept in survey methodology. If you are conducting a survey, this book is a must-have. |
| likert scale book: Research Methods and Statistics Janie H. Wilson, Shauna W. Joye, 2016-07-21 This innovative text offers a completely integrated approach to teaching research methods and statistics by presenting a research question accompanied by the appropriate methods and statistical procedures needed to address it. Research questions and designs become more complex as chapters progress, building on simpler questions to reinforce student learning. Using a conversational style and research examples from published works, this comprehensive book walks readers through the entire research process and includes ample pedagogical support for SPSS, Excel, and APA style. |
| likert scale book: Marketing Scales Handbook Gordon C. Bruner, 2015-10-01 La 4e de couv.indique : This is the seventh volume in the long-running Marketing Scales Handbook series. The purpose of the book is to help readers benefit from vetted research by some of the world's consumer behavior experts. By learning about the measures used by the experts, the hope is that those who borrow the well-developed scales rather than using quick-and-dirty measures will achieve higher quality insights in their research activities. The book contains reviews of 364 multi-item measures that were reported in one or more articles published in top marketing journals in 2010 and 2011. Each review provides the scale items (questions or statements) as well as information about the scale's origin, previous users, and measurement quality. The scales are useful when wanting to accurately measure theoretical constructs such as attitudes, emotions, and traits in surveys and experiments with a wide variety of participants such as consumers, viewers, patients, patrons, or citizens. Many of the measures could also be used in business settings when studying employees and/or administrators. The scales reviewed in this volume are primarily new and are not in the previous volumes of the series. |
| likert scale book: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| likert scale book: Survey Research for Public Administration David H. Folz, 1996-04-24 With opinion surveys being used increasingly to measure the public response to governmental initiatives, this book that helps clarify the basics of survey research as they apply to public administration will be welcomed. It is organized around the fundamental stages of the research process - planning, design, implementation, analysis and presentation of data. David H Folz presents practical illustrations and does not assume the reader to have an extensive background in statistics. Thorough coverage of the use of computers in data analysis is provided, together with illustrations of SPSS screens. |
| likert scale book: The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) Michelle Stein, Jenelle Slavin-Mulford, 2017-12-14 The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) is a clinician rated measure that can be used to code various forms of narrative material. It is comprised of eight dimensions which are scored using a seven-point Likert scale, where lower scores are indicative of more pathological aspects of object representations and higher scores are suggestive of more mature and adaptive functioning. The volume is a comprehensive reference on the 1) validity and reliability of the SCORS-G rating system; 2) in depth review of the empirical literature; 3) administration and intricacies of scoring; and 4) the implications and clinical utility of the system across settings and disciplines for clinicians and researchers. |
| likert scale book: Scales for Identifying Gifted Students (SIGS-2) Gail R. Ryser, Kathleen McConnell, Laila Y. Sanguras, Todd Kettler, 2021-09-03 Scales for Identifying Gifted Students–Second Edition (SIGS-2) offers the most comprehensive observational instrument available for identifying gifted students grades K–12. Used as part of a comprehensive process for identifying gifted children, SIGS-2 offers schools an instrument with extensive statistical and research support. This Examiner's Manual includes the information the examiner needs to administer, score, and interpret the SIGS-2. Information relating to the standardization, reliability, and validity of the SIGS-2 is also found in the manual. To explore the full collection of SIGS-2 print and online resources, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/go/scales-for-identifying-gifted-students-sigs. |
| likert scale book: Survey Research in the United States Jean M. Converse, 2017-07-05 Hardly an American today escapes being polled or surveyed or sampled. In this illuminating history, Jean Converse shows how survey research came to be perhaps the single most important development in twentieth-century social science. Everyone interested in survey methods and public opinion, including social scientists in many fi elds, will find this volume a major resource.Converse traces the beginnings of survey research in the practical worlds of politics and business, where elite groups sought information so as to infl uence mass democratic publics and markets. During the Depression and World War II, the federal government played a major role in developing surveys on a national scale. In the 1940s certain key individuals with academic connections and experience in polling, business, or government research brought surveys into academic life. By the 1960s, what was initially viewed with suspicion had achieved a measure of scientific acceptance of survey research.The author draws upon a wealth of material in archives, interviews, and published work to trace the origins of the early organizations (the Bureau of Applied Social Research, the National Opinion Research Center, and the Survey Research Center of Michigan), and to capture the perspectives of front-line fi gures such as Paul Lazarsfeld, George Gallup, Elmo Roper, and Rensis Likert. She writes with sensitivity and style, revealing how academic survey research, along with its commercial and political cousins, came of age in the United States. |
| likert scale book: Research Methods: Simple, Short, and Straightforward Way Of Learning Methods of Research Sherwyn Allibang, 2020-10-09 This book is intended for beginners in research. This book uses Simple words, Short sentences, and Straightforward paragraphs. The triple S and simplest way of learning methods of research. Research in general refers to a search for knowledge. The topics covered in this book includes a brief introduction to research, research approaches, research designs, data gathering techniques, sampling, and guides and tips in writing a research paper. This book includes data and information needed by students who are taking the course who will eventually write their research paper. This book is full of examples along with the discussions of each topic. Those familiar with writings about methods of research may notice that many of the important ideas, concepts, and principles found in this book came from many authoritative sources with incorporated original ideas of the author. The author is, therefore, expressing his thanks and gratitude to all those authors whose ideas, concepts, and principles have been used to enrich the content of this book. TO GOD BE THE GLORY! |
| likert scale book: Designing Quality Survey Questions Sheila B. Robinson, Kimberly Firth Leonard, 2024-09-23 This text shows readers how to craft precisely worded survey questions with appropriate response options that provide useful data to help answer research questions. The authors offer guidance on creative approaches to question design to keep respondents engaged, consider different survey administration modes, outline practices for culturally responsive survey design, discuss current language considerations for demographic questions, and consider factors that can influence survey responses. The Second Edition offers more detail about survey question design and includes more on rating scales and open-ended questions. It provides more guidance on cultural responsiveness and equity considerations including use of inclusive language, how to survey youth, and a deeper discussion on asking questions about sex and gender and disability. |
| likert scale book: How to Develop Children as Researchers Mary Kellett, 2005-03-23 An effective and meaningful way of enhancing children's learning, doing research empowers children to participate actively in their own education and to make original contributions to knowledge. The research carried out by children is also a vital key toimproving our own understanding of children and childhood. |
| likert scale book: Likert Scale Data Linear Modeling Faye Anderson, 2020-11-13 This is an applied handbook on Likert scale data analysis with annotated examples using S-Plus, R, or R Studio. Topics covered include exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, graphing, and modeling. Although the examples are presented in R, their results and interpretations are applicable to any other software's analyses.Likert scale data is psychometrically scaled responses data collected from surveys. They are make surveys easier for designers and respondents by providing enough categories for the respondents to pick from. This book answers the following four questions:1. Is Likert scale data categorical or continuous?2. What are the best ways to conduct exploratory data analysis for Likert scale data?3. How can Likert scale data be converted into continuous data?4. How can Likert scale data be modeled using linear regression? |
| likert scale book: How to Measure Customer Satisfaction Nigel Hill, 2017-07-05 Customer satisfaction and loyalty are key differentiators between the better and poorer performing businesses in most markets. Satisfaction drives loyalty and loyalty drives business performance. This new edition of How to Measure Customer Satisfaction takes readers step-by-step through designing and implementing a CSM survey, highlighting blunders that are commonly made and explaining how to make sure that the measures produced are accurate and credible. It also covers ways of gaining understanding and ownership of the CSM programme throughout the organization and clarifies the business case for customer satisfaction. If you are committed to the future of your company, the ability to measure what your customers think of you is essential - and so is this book! |
| likert scale book: The Other Side of the Report Card Maurice J. Elias, Joseph J. Ferrito, Dominic C. Moceri, 2015-12-14 To better serve the whole child, look at the whole report card. Although parents and teachers spend more time in conferences talking about behavior than they do about rubrics and test scores, too many teachers are still guessing when it comes to using outdated behavior ratings and comments to describe the whole child. With this book, you’ll take report cards to the next level, integrating social-emotional learning and character development into any grading system. Resources include Guided exercises for analyzing existing report cards Suggested report card designs Tips on improving teacher-parent communication Case studies Testimonials from teachers and students |
| likert scale book: Small-Scale Research Peter T Knight, 2002-03-29 Written with the needs of students uppermost, Small-Scale Research is a direct, comprehensive guide for students doing theses, dissertations, papers and projects. It systematically works through the central methods of inquiry and demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. |
| likert scale book: The Practice of Survey Research Erin E. Ruel, Erin Ruel, William Edward Wagner, Brian Joseph Gillespie, 2015-06-03 Focusing on the use of technology in survey research, this book integrates both theory and application and covers important elements of survey research including survey design, implementation and continuing data management. |
| likert scale book: Techniques of Attitude Scale Construction. -- Allen L. Edwards, 2021-09-09 This book is concerned with techniques for the construction of attitude scales. Once a set of attitude statements has been collected, there are two general methods that have been used in the development of attitude scales. One of these methods involves the use of a judging group. The judging group is not asked to respond to the statements in terms of their own agreement or disagreement with them, but rather to judge the degree of favorableness or unfavorableness expressed by each statement. These judgments are then used as a basis for determining scale values of the statements upon a psychological continuum. Once the scale values of the statements are known, subjects can then be asked to express their agreement or disagreement with the individual statements. Attitude scores for these subjects can then be obtained based upon the prior knowledge of the scale values of the statements. The judgment methods for constructing attitude scales differ only in the manner in which the judgments and scale values of the statements are obtained. They include the method of paired comparisons, the method of equal-appearing intervals, and the method of successive intervals. These methods are described in Chapters 2 through 5. A second method of developing attitude scales is based upon direct responses of agreement or disagreement with attitude statements. Since the response methods do not require prior knowledge of the scale values of the statements in any exact sense, a judging group is not necessary. It is sufficient for the response methods if one can assume that the response agree to a statement indicates a more favorable attitude than the response disagree, or vice versa. The response methods for constructing attitude scales include the method of summated ratings and scalogram analysis. These methods are presented in Chapters 6 and 7. Another method for constructing an attitude scale that makes use of both judgments and responses is described in Chapter 8. This method is termed the scale-discrimination technique. It is an early effort upon the part of Kilpatrick and myself at a synthesis of a scaling and a response method for developing an attitude scale. H-technique, as described in Chapter 9, is also a response method. It has as its objective the improvement of a cumulative scale--a kind of scale about which more will be said in the text. In this chapter I have also described another effort at a synthesis of scaling and response methods which, for want of a better name, I have called W-technique. This, in brief, represents the content of this book--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). |
| likert scale book: Handbook of Metrics for Research in Operations Management Aleda V. Roth, 2008 Scale. References: Citations for the references used in the summary |
| likert scale book: Nonparametric Measures of Association Jean Dickinson Gibbons, 1993-02-25 This compact and highly readable volume presents Spearman′s and Kendall′s rank correlation and coefficients, Kendall′s coefficients of concordance and of partial correlation, and several association measures for ordered contingency tables. . . . This inexpensive and lucid text offers a good introduction, or a quick review, of methods of rank correlation. It should prove beneficial to the practitioner who selects from and interprets the many measures produced by modern statistical packages. --Journal of the American Statistical Association When analyzing your data, how should you describe the relationship (or, association) between two or more sets of observations, i.e., values of two or more variables, when the variables are ordinal and not bivariate normal? Aimed at helping the researcher select the most appropriate measure of association for two or more variables, Jean Dickinson Gibbons clearly describes such techniques as Spearman′s rho, Kendall′s tau, Goodman & Kruskals′ gamma, and Somer′s d. She also carefully explains the calculation procedures as well as the substantive meaning of each measure (such as that rho is based on rankings while tau is based on paired comparisons). In addition, each technique is illustrated by one or more examples from recent social or behavioral science studies. Lastly, Gibbons provides information on the strengths and weaknesses of leading statistical packages for calculating these measures. |
| likert scale book: A Comprehensive Guide for Design, Collection, Analysis and Presentation of Likert and Other Rating Scale Data Ajit Roy, 2020-10-13 It is observed that Researchers face a lot of difficulties in planning, design, collection, analysis and interpretation of Likert Scale data. Therefore, as an aid for the researchers it is attempted to write a book entitled 'A Comprehensive Guide for Design, Collection, Analysis and Presentation of Likert and other Rating Scale Data' on this subject with the following chapters 1. Basics of Likert Scale 2. General Issues of Likert Scaling 3. Templates for Creating Likert Scales 4. Basic Concepts of Measurement 5. Analysis of Likert Data 6. Appropriate Chart or Graph for Likert scale 7. Likert Scale Data Analysis with Statistical Software.This book discusses various efforts to identify, collect, analyse, improve, and present Likert data collected by rating scales such as Likert Scale. Most importunately the book illustrates, review, and critique several forms of collection, analysis, graphical presentation and interpretation of results from studies using rating scales. The most salient and striking features covered in this book are as followsDifferences between Likert-type or Likert scale dataLikert-type data is an ordinal data, therefore, non-parametric tests such as Mann Whitney-U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal-Wallis test should be used in lieu of parametric tests.Likert scale data, on the other hand, are analysed as interval data. and analysis that can be performed includes mean for central tendency, standard deviations for variability, Pearson's r for bivariate analysis, t-test and ANOVA for comparing group means, and regression procedures for associations.For Likert-type data mode or median is used for measuring central tendency and frequencies for variability. Analysis appropriate for ordinal scale items that includes the chi-square measure of association, Kendall Tau B, and Kendall Tau C.The dispute over the use of parametric versus non-parametric methods for the analysis of Likert scale ordinal data has raged for the past eight decades is discussed fully and suggested the right one.Focuses on validity, reliability and analysis of the Likert ScalePictorial display of several ways in which statistical data may be presented pictorially such as different types of graphs and diagrams is covered.Demonstration for Calculating Descriptive Statistics, Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit, Mann-Whitney U Test, Sign Test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and Cronbach's alpha with examples using SPSS. |
| likert scale book: Essentials of Marketing Research Kenneth E. Clow, Karen E. James, 2013-01-09 Essentials of Marketing Research: Putting Research into Practice, an exciting new practical guide by Kenneth E. Clow and Karen E. James offers a hands-on, applied approach to developing the fundamental data analysis skills necessary for making better management decisions using marketing research results. Each chapter opens by describing an actual research study related to the chapter content, with rich examples of contemporary research practices skillfully drawn from interviews with marketing research professionals and published practitioner studies. Clow and James explore the latest research techniques, including social media and other online methodologies, and they examine current statistical methods of analyzing data. With emphasis on how to interpret marketing research results and how to use those findings to make effective management decisions, the authors offer a unique learning-by-doing approach to understanding data analysis, interpreting data, and applying results to decision-making. |
| likert scale book: Measurement Theory and Applications for the Social Sciences Deborah L. Bandalos, 2017-12-12 Which types of validity evidence should be considered when determining whether a scale is appropriate for a given measurement situation? What about reliability evidence? Using clear explanations illustrated by examples from across the social and behavioral sciences, this engaging text prepares students to make effective decisions about the selection, administration, scoring, interpretation, and development of measurement instruments. Coverage includes the essential measurement topics of scale development, item writing and analysis, and reliability and validity, as well as more advanced topics such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory, diagnostic classification models, test bias and fairness, standard setting, and equating. End-of-chapter exercises (with answers) emphasize both computations and conceptual understanding to encourage readers to think critically about the material. The companion website (www.guilford.com/bandalos-materials) provides annotated examples, syntax, and datasets in both SPSS and SAS (for most chapters), so that readers can redo the analyses in each chapter. |
| likert scale book: Beyond the Usability Lab Bill Albert, Tom Tullis, Donna Tedesco, 2009-12-21 Usability testing and user experience research typically take place in a controlled lab with small groups. While this type of testing is essential to user experience design, more companies are also looking to test large sample sizes to be able compare data according to specific user populations and see how their experiences differ across user groups. But few usability professionals have experience in setting up these studies, analyzing the data, and presenting it in effective ways. Online usability testing offers the solution by allowing testers to elicit feedback simultaneously from 1,000s of users. Beyond the Usability Lab offers tried and tested methodologies for conducting online usability studies. It gives practitioners the guidance they need to collect a wealth of data through cost-effective, efficient, and reliable practices. The reader will develop a solid understanding of the capabilities of online usability testing, when it's appropriate to use and not use, and will learn about the various types of online usability testing techniques. - The first guide for conducting large-scale user experience research using the internet - Presents how-to conduct online tests with 1000s of participants – from start to finish - Outlines essential tips for online studies to ensure cost-efficient and reliable results |
| likert scale book: A Telescope on Society James S. House, 2004-04-12 DIVMaps the development of social science in the twentieth century through the instrument of survey research /div |
| likert scale book: Business Research Methods Emma Bell, Alan Bryman, Bill Harley, 2019 Previous edition published as by Alan Bryman & Emma Bell. |
| likert scale book: The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Paula Winke, Tineke Brunfaut, 2024-01-29 This handbook is the first comprehensive synthesis of these distinct yet interrelated fields of SLA and language testing. Uniquely, this handbook is written for both second language acquisition researchers interested in the applications of language testing, and language testers interested in the SLA theory underpinning their work. |
| likert scale book: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-03-16 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. |
| likert scale book: Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students--Print Version JOSEPH. RENZULLI, 2004 Based on a multiple talent approach to the identification of gifted students, fourteen scales help identify student strengths in the following areas: learning, motivation, creativity, leadership, art, music, dramatics, planning, communication (precision and expression), mathematics, reading, science, and technology. 100 Booklets |
| likert scale book: Just Enough Research Erika Hall, 2024-11-27 Most design and business decisions are based on some combination of personal preferences, fear, and wishful thinking instead of sound evidence. Most design research is ineffective because it isn't asking or answering the right questions. Just Enough Research is here to help. Whether you're just starting out in your design career, in the middle of a whole mess of product decisions, or trying to help your colleagues get over their fear of admitting ignorance, there is something in this book for you. Just Enough Research has remained a popular handbook for over a decade, outlasting several technology hype cycles. It's brief. It's practical. It's got jokes. Read this book. You will experience delight. |
Likert scale - Wikipedia
A Likert scale (/ ˈlɪkərt / LIK-ərt, [1][note 1]) is a psychometric scale named after its inventor, American social psychologist Rensis Likert, [2] which …
What Is a Likert Scale? | Guide & Examples - Scribbr
Jul 3, 2020 · A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by …
Likert Scale Questionnaire: Examples & Analysis - Simply …
Jul 31, 2023 · A Likert scale is a psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to obtain participant’s preferences or degree …
Likert Scales: Definition & Questions - SurveyMonkey
Likert scales are a structured way for researchers to gather diverse opinions and attitudes. They allow respondents to express agreement, disagreement, …
What is a Likert Scale: Types, Examples, & Best Practices
A Likert scale is a unidimensional scale that researchers use to collect respondents' attitudes and opinions. Learn more about Likert scales.
Likert scale - Wikipedia
A Likert scale (/ ˈlɪkərt / LIK-ərt, [1][note 1]) is a psychometric scale named after its inventor, American social psychologist Rensis Likert, [2] which is commonly used in research …
What Is a Likert Scale? | Guide & Examples - Scribbr
Jul 3, 2020 · A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure opinions, attitudes, or behaviors. It consists of a statement or a question, followed by a series of five or seven answer statements. …
Likert Scale Questionnaire: Examples & Analysis - Simply Psychology
Jul 31, 2023 · A Likert scale is a psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to obtain participant’s preferences or degree of agreement with a statement or set of statements. …
Likert Scales: Definition & Questions - SurveyMonkey
Likert scales are a structured way for researchers to gather diverse opinions and attitudes. They allow respondents to express agreement, disagreement, or neutrality concerning statements …
What is a Likert Scale: Types, Examples, & Best Practices
A Likert scale is a unidimensional scale that researchers use to collect respondents' attitudes and opinions. Learn more about Likert scales.
What is a likert scale? - Qualtrics XM
Likert scale definition. A likert scale, or rating system, is a measurement method used in research to evaluate attitudes, opinions and perceptions. Likert scale questions are highly adaptable …
What Is the Likert Scale? Definition, Examples, and Uses
Jan 31, 2025 · Likert scales are a psychometric assessment that is often used to measure qualitative information about beliefs and attitudes. Learn how a Likert scale works.
What Is a Likert Scale? Definition, Types, and Examples
Jan 31, 2024 · Likert scale definition: A Likert scale is a quantitative analysis data collection tool used in surveys and research to assess individuals’ attitudes, opinions, or perceptions. This …
Likert Scale Examples, Templates, and Response Options for Surveys
5 days ago · A Likert scale is a rating scale used to measure survey participants’ opinions, attitudes, motivations, and more. Likert scales with 4-7 answer options per question are …
The Likert Scale: Definition, Examples and Best Practices
Mar 31, 2025 · A Likert scale is a psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to measure attitudes, opinions, or perceptions by offering a range of answer options that reflect …
