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| languages spoken in guinea: The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area Bill Palmer, 2017-12-04 The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide is part of the multi-volume reference work on the languages and linguistics of all major regions of the world. The island of New Guinea and its offshore islands is arguably the most diverse and least documented linguistic hotspot in the world - home to over 1300 languages, almost one fifth of all living languages, in more than 40 separate families, along with numerous isolates. Traditionally one of the least understood linguistic regions, ongoing research allows for the first time a comprehensive guide. Given the vastness of the region and limited previous overviews, this volume focuses on an account of the families and major languages of each area within the region, including brief grammatical descriptions of many of the languages. The volume also includes a typological overview of Papuan languages, and a chapter on Austronesian-Papuan contact. It will make accessible current knowledge on this complex region, and will be the standard reference on the region. It is aimed at typologists, endangered language specialists, graduate and advanced undergraduate students, and all those interested in linguistic diversity and understanding this least known linguistic region. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A grammar of Pichi Kofi Yakpo, 2019 Pichi is an Afro-Caribbean English-lexifier Creole spoken on the island of Bioko, Equatorial Guinea. It is an offshoot of 19th century Krio (Sierra Leone) and shares many characteristics with West African relatives like Nigerian Pidgin, Cameroon Pidgin, and Ghanaian Pidgin English, as well as with the English-lexifier creoles of the insular and continental Caribbean. This comprehensive description presents a detailed analysis of the grammar and phonology of Pichi. It also includes a collection of texts and wordlists. Pichi features a nominative-accusative alignment, SVO word order, adjective-noun order, prenominal determiners, and prepositions. The language has a seven-vowel system and twenty-two consonant phonemes. Pichi has a two-tone system with tonal minimal pairs, morphological tone, and tonal processes. The morphological structure is largely isolating. Pichi has a rich system of tense-aspect-mood marking, an indicative-subjunctive opposition, and a complex copular system with several suppletive forms. Many features align Pichi with the Atlantic-Congo languages spoken in the West African littoral zone. At the same time, characteristics like the prenominal position of adjectives and determiners show a typological overlap with its lexifier English, while extensive contact with Spanish has left an imprint on the lexicon and grammar as well. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Introduction to Guinea Gilad James, PhD, Guinea is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by several countries including Mali, Liberia, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone. Guinea has an area of approximately 245,860 square kilometers and a population of about 12.4 million people. It is rich in mineral resources such as bauxite, gold, and diamonds, making it a major exporter of these resources to other countries. Despite its abundance of natural resources, Guinea is considered one of the poorest countries in the world. Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line, with inadequate access to basic infrastructures such as water, sanitation, and electricity. The country has also suffered from political instability, with several coups and military dictatorships in its recent history. However, Guinea has made some progress in recent years towards improving its economic and political situation, with the introduction of democratic reforms and more stable governance. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Manambu Language of East Sepik, Papua New Guinea Alexandra Aikhenvald, 2008-09-04 This book is the first comprehensive description of the Manambu language of Papua New Guinea and is based entirely on the author's immersion fieldwork. Manambu belongs to the Ndu language family, and is spoken by about 2,500 people in five villages: Avatip, Yawabak, Malu, Apa:n, and Yambon (Yuanab) in East Sepik Province, Ambunti district. Manambu can be considered an endangered language. The Manambu language has many unusual properties. Every noun is considered masculine or feminine. Feminine gender - which is unmarked - is associated with small size and round shape, and masculine gender with elongated shape, large size, and importance. The Manambu culture is centered on ownership of personal names, and is similar to that of the Iatmul, described by Gregory Bateson. After an introductory account of the language and its speakers, Professor Aikhenvald devotes chapters to phonology, grammatical relations, word classes, gender, semantics, number, case, possession, derivation and compounding, pronouns, morphohology, verbs, mood and modality, negation, clause structure, pragmatics, discourse, semantics, the lexicon, current directions of change, and genetic relationship to other languages. The description is presented in a clear style in a framework that will be comprehensible to all linguists and linguistically oriented anthropologists. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A grammar of Papuan Malay Angela Kluge, 2016-07-08 This book presents an in-depth linguistic description of one Papuan Malay variety, based on sixteen hours of recordings of spontaneous narratives and conversations between Papuan Malay speakers. ‘Papuan Malay’ refers to the easternmost varieties of Malay (Austronesian). They are spoken in the coastal areas of West Papua, the western part of the island of New Guinea. The variety described here is spoken along West Papua’s northeast coast. Papuan Malay is the language of wider communication and the first or second language for an ever-increasing number of people of the area. While Papuan Malay is not officially recognized and therefore not used in formal government or educational settings or for religious preaching, it is used in all other domains, including unofficial use in formal settings, and, to some extent, in the public media. After a general introduction to the language, its setting, and history, this grammar discusses the following topics, building up from smaller grammatical constituents to larger ones: phonology, word formation, noun and prepositional phrases, verbal and nonverbal clauses, non-declarative clauses, and conjunctions and constituent combining. Of special interest to linguists, typologists, and Malay specialists are the following in-depth analyses and descriptions: affixation and its productivity across domains of language choice, reduplication and its gesamtbedeutung, personal pronouns and their adnominal uses, demonstratives and locatives and their extended uses, and adnominal possessive relations and their non- canonical uses. This study provides a point of comparison for further studies in other (Papuan) Malay varieties and a starting point for Papuan Malay language development efforts. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The World Until Yesterday Jared Diamond, 2013-01-10 From the author of No.1 international bestseller Collapse, a mesmerizing portrait of the human past that offers profound lessons for how we can live today Visionary, prize-winning author Jared Diamond changed the way we think about the rise and fall of human civilizations with his previous international bestsellers Guns, Germs and Steel and Collapse. Now he returns with another epic - and groundbreaking - journey into our rapidly receding past. In The World Until Yesterday, Diamond reveals how traditional societies around the world offer an extraordinary window onto how our ancestors lived for the majority of human history - until virtually yesterday, in evolutionary terms - and provide unique, often overlooked insights into human nature. Drawing extensively on his decades working in the jungles of Papua New Guinea, Diamond explores how tribal societies approach essential human problems, from childrearing to conflict resolution to health, and discovers we have much to learn from traditional ways of life. He unearths remarkable findings - from the reason why modern afflictions like diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer's are virtually non-existent in tribal societies to the surprising benefits of multilingualism. Panoramic in scope and thrillingly original, The World Until Yesterday provides an enthralling first-hand picture of the human past that also suggests profound lessons for how to live well today. Jared Diamond is the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of the seminal million-copy-bestseller Guns, Germs, and Steel, which was named one of TIME's best non-fiction books of all time, and Collapse, a #1 international bestseller. A professor of geography at UCLA and noted polymath, Diamond's work has been influential in the fields of anthropology, biology, ornithology, ecology and history, among others. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Kriyol Syntax Alain Kihm, 1994-01-01 This book describes the Portuguese-based Creole which is widely spoken as a first language in Guinea-Bissau. The study focuses on one variety, 'central Kriyol', and its main aim is to present a complete description of the grammar of the language. The theoretical framework for the syntactic analysis is purposely eclectic but relies primarily on Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and ample attention is paid to the cognitive or semantic dimension in the explanation of linguistic facts. After a short introduction on the history and phonology of the language and the organization of the study, there are chapters dealing with the simple sentence, Tense and Aspect, the noun phrase, the complex sentence, topicalization/focalization/questions, and Middles/Passives/Causatives. The final chapter discusses Kriyol texts, especially comic-books, from which a considerable number of examples used in the study are taken. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Grammar and vocabulary of language spoken by Motu tribe, New Guinea William George Lawes, 1896 |
| languages spoken in guinea: Hua, a Papuan Language of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea John Haiman, 1980-01-01 There is no country in the world where as many different languages are spoken as in New Guinea, approximately a fifth of the languages in the world. Most of these so-called Papuan languages seem to be unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere. The present work is the first truly comprehensive study of such a language, Hua. The chief typological peculiarity of Hua is the existence of a 'medial verb'construction used to conjoin clauses in compound and complex sentences. Hua also shows a fundamental morphological distinction between coordinate and subordinate medial clauses, the latter are not 'tense-iconic', the events they describe are not necessarily prior to the event described in later clauses. Moreover their truth is always presupposed. The distribution and behaviour of a post-nominal suffix - mo provides insights into the nature of topics, conditional clauses, and functional definitions of the parts of speech. In phonology, the central rules of assimilation are constrained by the universal hierarchy of sonority, which may, however, be derived from binary features. These are some of the areas in which the grammar of Hua is unusually perspicuous. The present work aims at a standard of completeness such that it would be a useful reference work for research in almost any theoretical topic. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A Death in the Rainforest Don Kulick, 2019-06-18 “Perhaps the finest and most profound account of ethnographic fieldwork and discovery that has ever entered the anthropological literature.” —The Wall Street Journal “If you want to experience a profoundly different culture without the exhausting travel (to say nothing of the cost), this is an excellent choice.” —The Washington Post One of Time’s 32 Books You Need to Read This Summer * One of National Geographic’s Best Travel Books of Summer As a young anthropologist, Don Kulick went to the tiny village of Gapun in New Guinea to document the death of the native language, Tayap. He arrived knowing that you can’t study a language without understanding the daily lives of the people who speak it: how they talk to their children, how they argue, how they gossip, how they joke. Over the course of thirty years, as he returned again and again to document the vanishing language, he found himself inexorably drawn into the lives and world of the Gapuners, and implicated in their destiny. In A Death in the Rainforest, Kulick takes us inside the village as he came to know it, revealing what it is like to live in a difficult-to-get-to village of two hundred people, carved out like a cleft in the middle of a tropical rainforest. And in doing so, he also gives us a brilliant interrogation of what it means to study a culture, an illuminating look at the impact of Western culture on the farthest reaches of the globe—and, ultimately, the story of why this anthropologist realized that he had to give up his study of this language and this village. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Zialo Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, 2010 |
| languages spoken in guinea: Dictionary of Languages Andrew Dalby, 2015-10-28 Covering the political, social and historical background of each language, Dictionary of Languages offers a unique insight into human culture and communication. Every language with official status is included, as well as all those that have a written literature and 175 'minor' languages with special historical or anthropological interest. We see how, with the rapidly increasing uniformity of our culture as media's influence spreads, more languages have become extinct or are under threat of extinction. The text is highlighted by maps and charts of scripts, while proverbs, anecdotes and quotations reveal the features that make a language unique. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A Grammar of Nungon Hannah Sarvasy, 2017-03-13 A Grammar of Nungon is the most comprehensive modern reference grammar of a language of northeast Papua New Guinea. Nungon is a previously-undescribed Finisterre-Huon Papuan language spoken by about 1,000 people in the Saruwaged Mountains, Morobe Province. Hannah Sarvasy provides a rich description of the language in its cultural context, based on original immersion fieldwork. The exposition is extraordinarily thorough, covering phonetics, phonology, word classes, morphology, grammatical relations, switch-reference, valency, complex predicates, clause combining, possession, information structure, and the pragmatics of communication. Four complete interlinearized Nungon monologues and dialogues supplement the copious textual examples. A Grammar of Nungon sets a new standard of thoroughness for reference works on languages of this region. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Papuan Languages of New Guinea William A. Foley, 1986-11-20 This introduction to the descriptive and historical linguistics of the Papuan languages of New Guinea provide an accessible account of one of the richest and most diverse linguistic situations in the world. The Papuan languages number over 700 (or 20 per cent of the world's total) in more than sixty language families. Less than a quarter of the individual languages have yet been adequately documented, and in this sense William Foley's book might be considered premature. However, in the search for language universals and generalisations in linguistic typology, it would be foolhardy to neglect the information that is available. In this respect alone, the present volume, systematically organised on mainly typology principles, is particularly timely and useful. In addition, the processes of linguistic diffusion are present in New Guinea to an extent probably paralleled elsewhere on the globe. The Papuan Languages of New Guinea will be of interest not only to general and comparative linguists and to typologists, but also to sociolinguists and anthropologists for the information it provides on the social dynamics of language content. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Historical Dictionary of Guinea Thomas O'Toole, Janice E. Baker, 2005-03-16 Thoroughly updated and extensively revised, this 4th edition provides a very solid and substantial guide to a better understanding of this richly endowed but poorly understood nation. Students and others seeking information about the country will find an introductory narrative accounting of Guinea's political and economic history, a chronology that spans the earliest known history of the area to the present day Republic of Guinea, 400 dictionary entries covering the personalities and events that made contemporary Guinea, and an extensive bibliography of current publications. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Guinea Languages of the Atlantic Group William A. A. Wilson, André Auguier Wilson, 2007 Atlantic is one of the most diversified and most problematic Niger-Congo families as far as evidence for a monogenetic origin is concerned. Moreover, the group remains poorly known. Besides well-studied languages such as Fula, Wolof and Serer some sixty lesser known languages of Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia are currently believed to belong to Atlantic. Many of these languages are not yet documented, and some never will - they disappeared some decades ago or are just on the verge of extinction. This book provides an overview of Atlantic south of the Wolof, Serer and Fula-speaking regions. The sections on the various Atlantic languages present information on phonology, morphology and basic syntacticpatterns by using General Linguistic Theory. Lexical material is presented in comparative wordlists. All data stem from the author's own fieldwork in the 1950s and 1960s in Guinea Bissau and Guinea. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A History of African Linguistics H. Ekkehard Wolff, 2019-06-13 The first global history of African linguistics as an emerging autonomous academic discipline, covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Yimas Language of New Guinea William A. Foley, 1991 A study of the Yimas language, its grammar and lexicon, the social and cultural contexts of the use of the language, its history and genetic relations, and its interactions with neighbouring languages. -- Pref. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A grammar of Komnzo Christian Döhler, 2019 Komnzo is a Papuan language of Southern New Guinea spoken by around 250 people in the village of Rouku. Komnzo belongs to the Tonda subgroup of the Yam language family, which is also known as the Morehead Upper-Maro group. This grammar provides the first comprehensive description of a Yam language. It is based on 16 months of fieldwork. The primary source of data is a text corpus of around 12 hours recorded and transcribed between 2010 and 2015. Komnzo provides many fields of future research, but the most interesting aspect of its structure lies in the verb morphology, to which the two largest chapters of the grammar are dedicated. Komnzo verbs may index up to two arguments showing agreement in person, number and gender. Verbs encode 18 TAM categories, valency, directionality and deictic status. Morphological complexity lies not only in the amount of categories that verbs may express, but also in the way these are encoded. Komnzo verbs exhibit what may be called ‘distributed exponence’, i.e. single morphemes are underspecified for a particular grammatical category. Therefore, morphological material from different sites has to be integrated first, and only after this integration can one arrive at a particular grammatical category. The descriptive approach in this grammar is theory-informed rather than theory-driven. Comparison to other Yam languages and diachronic developments are taken into account whenever it seems helpful. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Area Handbook for Guinea Harold D. Nelson, 1975 Provides basic yet comprehensive facts about the social, economic, political and millitary institutions of the country. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Pacific Languages John Lynch, 1998-03-01 Almost one-quarter of the world's languages are (or were) spoken in the Pacific, making it linguistically the most complex region in the world. Although numerous technical books on groups of Pacific or Australian languages have been published, and descriptions of individual languages are available, until now there has been no single book that attempts a wide regional coverage for a general audience. Pacific Languages introduces readers to the grammatical features of Oceanic, Papuan, and Australian languages as well as to the semantic structures of these languages. For readers without a formal linguistic background, a brief introduction to descriptive linguistics is provided. In addition to describing the structure of Pacific languages, this volume places them in their historical and geographical context, discusses the linguistic evidence for the settlement of the Pacific, and speculates on the reason for the region's many languages. It devotes considerable attention to the effects of contact between speakers of different languages and to the development of pidgin and creole languages in the Pacific. Throughout, technical language is kept to a minimum without oversimplifying the concepts or the issues involved. A glossary of technical terms, maps, and diagrams help identify a language geographically or genetically; reading lists and a language index guide the researcher interested in a particular language or group to other sources of information. Here at last is a clear and straightforward overview of Pacific languages for linguists and anyone interested in the history of sociology of the Pacific. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Introduction to Guinea-Bissau Gilad James, PhD, Guinea-Bissau is a small country in West Africa, bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east. It has a population of around 1.8 million people, with diverse ethnic groups including the Fulas, Mandingos and Balantas. The official language is Portuguese, although many people also speak Creole and other local languages. Guinea-Bissau gained independence from Portugal in 1973, but has suffered political instability and economic struggles since then. It is one of the world’s poorest countries, with low levels of education and healthcare, and a reliance on agriculture for its economy. The country has a rich cultural history, with traditional music, dance and art still an important part of the society, and is also home to several endangered species, including chimpanzees and African manatees. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World , 2010-04-06 Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World is an authoritative single-volume reference resource comprehensively describing the major languages and language families of the world. It will provide full descriptions of the phonology, semantics, morphology, and syntax of the world's major languages, giving insights into their structure, history and development, sounds, meaning, structure, and language family, thereby both highlighting their diversity for comparative study, and contextualizing them according to their genetic relationships and regional distribution.Based on the highly acclaimed and award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, this volume will provide an edited collection of almost 400 articles throughout which a representative subset of the world's major languages are unfolded and explained in up-to-date terminology and authoritative interpretation, by the leading scholars in linguistics. In highlighting the diversity of the world's languages — from the thriving to the endangered and extinct — this work will be the first point of call to any language expert interested in this huge area. No other single volume will match the extent of language coverage or the authority of the contributors of Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. - Extraordinary breadth of coverage: a comprehensive selection of just under 400 articles covering the world's major languages, language families, and classification structures, issues and dispute - Peerless quality: based on 20 years of academic development on two editions of the leading reference resource in linguistics, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics - Unique authorship: 350 of the world's leading experts brought together for one purpose - Exceptional editorial selection, review and validation process: Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie act as first-tier guarantors for article quality and coverage - Compact and affordable: one-volume format makes this suitable for personal study at any institution interested in areal, descriptive, or comparative language study - and at a fraction of the cost of the full encyclopedia |
| languages spoken in guinea: Mali (Baining) Grammar Tonya N. Stebbins, 2011 Mali (2,200 speakers) is a Papuan language spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula, East New Britain Province Papua New Guinea. It is a member of the Baining language family. The family is comprised of five languages: Kaket, Mali, Simbali, Ura and Kairak. Baining people share a common non-Austronesian ancestral language and similar cultural practices (such as fire dances). An interesting feature of these languages is that they show a great deal of influence from their early Austronesian neighbors. As detailed in the grammar, Mali has characteristics of both the Western Oceanic branch of Austronesian and Trans New Guinea. This is the first comprehensive grammar for a language from the family and provides a framework for further comparative and descriptive research in the region. The grammar was produced in cooperation with members of the Mali (Baining) community and is being published alongside a dictionary and text collection (also available from Pacific Linguistics). |
| languages spoken in guinea: A Grammar of Papapana Ellen Smith-Dennis, 2021-01-18 This monograph is not only the first comprehensive grammar of Papapana (a previously undocumented and under-described endangered language) but the first full reference grammar of any Oceanic language of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, despite this region displaying considerable linguistic innovation and language contact phenomena with numerous typologically significant features. This book describes Papapana on various levels, including phonology, morphology and syntax in noun phrases and the verb complex, and syntax at the clause- and sentence-level. Throughout the grammar, the described phenomena are related to the current research on typological and Oceanic linguistics. Typologically unusual features of Papapana include multiple reduplication, inverse-number marking in the noun phrase and postverbal subject-indexing. The book also describes the sociolinguistic and historical context within which Papapana is spoken and highlights linguistic changes resulting from language contact. The monograph fills an important gap in terms of grammatical descriptions of Bougainville Oceanic languages, and makes a significant contribution to the field of Oceanic linguistics, and to future comparative linguistic and typological research. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Oxford Guide to the Atlantic Languages of West Africa Friederike Lüpke, 2024-11-07 This volume presents the first book-length overview of the Atlantic languages, a small family of languages spoken mainly on the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Languages in this area have been used in diverse multilingual societies with intense language contact for the whole of their known history, and their genealogical relatedness and the impact of language contact on their lexicon and grammar have been widely debated. The book is divided into four parts. The first provides an introduction to language ecologies in the area and includes two accounts of the genealogical classification of Atlantic languages. Chapters in the second part offer grammatical overviews of individual languages, including the most important non-Atlantic contact languages (Casamance Creole and Mandinka), while the third part explores Atlantic languages from a typological perspective, with chapters that explore formal and semantic aspects of their nominal classification systems, nominalization strategies, their rich system of verbal extensions, and the stem-initial consonant mutation that is attested in a subset of languages. The final part of the book investigates Atlantic languages in their social environments, including the creation of creole identities, secret languages, Ajami writing practices, language acquisition, the spread and use of Fula as a lingua franca, digital language practices, and language ideologies. The volume is an essential tool for linguists interested in the languages of West Africa, language history and classification, patterns of language use in Atlantic societies, and typology and language contact more broadly. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Language Wars and Linguistic Politics Louis-Jean Calvet, 1998 Non-linguistic conflicts are often projected on to language differences, and may be played out in the language policies of governments and other holders of power. This text deals broadly with this interaction of language issues and political process. |
| languages spoken in guinea: International Encyclopedia of Linguistics William Frawley, 2003-05 The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics.Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir.A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage.For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics , 2005-11-24 The first edition of ELL (1993, Ron Asher, Editor) was hailed as the field's standard reference work for a generation. Now the all-new second edition matches ELL's comprehensiveness and high quality, expanded for a new generation, while being the first encyclopedia to really exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics. * The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field * An entirely new work, with new editors, new authors, new topics and newly commissioned articles with a handful of classic articles * The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics through the online edition * Ground-breaking and International in scope and approach * Alphabetically arranged with extensive cross-referencing * Available in print and online, priced separately. The online version will include updates as subjects develop ELL2 includes: * c. 7,500,000 words * c. 11,000 pages * c. 3,000 articles * c. 1,500 figures: 130 halftones and 150 colour * Supplementary audio, video and text files online * c. 3,500 glossary definitions * c. 39,000 references * Extensive list of commonly used abbreviations * List of languages of the world (including information on no. of speakers, language family, etc.) * Approximately 700 biographical entries (now includes contemporary linguists) * 200 language maps in print and online Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. The first Encyclopedia to exploit the multimedia potential of linguistics Ground-breaking in scope - wider than any predecessor An invaluable resource for researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of: linguistics, anthropology, education, psychology, language acquisition, language pathology, cognitive science, sociology, the law, the media, medicine & computer science. The most authoritative, up-to-date, comprehensive, and international reference source in its field |
| languages spoken in guinea: Manual of Romance Languages in Africa Ursula Reutner, 2023-12-18 With more than two thousand languages spread over its territory, multilingualism is a common reality in Africa. The main official languages of most African countries are Indo-European, in many instances Romance. As they were primarily brought to Africa in the era of colonization, the areas discussed in this volume are thirty-five states that were once ruled by Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, or Spain, and the African regions still belonging to three of them. Twenty-six states are presented in relation to French, four to Italian, six to Portuguese, and two to Spanish. They are considered in separate chapters according to their sociolinguistic situation, linguistic history, external language policy, linguistic characteristics, and internal language policy. The result is a comprehensive overview of the Romance languages in modern-day Africa. It follows a coherent structure, offers linguistic and sociolinguistic information, and illustrates language contact situations, power relations, as well as the cross-fertilization and mutual enrichment emerging from the interplay of languages and cultures in Africa. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Spanish of Equatorial Guinea John M. Lipski, 1985 Die Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie zählen zu den renommiertesten Fachpublikationen der Romanistik. Sie pflegen ein gesamtromanisches Profil, das neben den Nationalsprachen auch die weniger im Fokus stehenden romanischen Sprachen mit einschließt. In der Reihe erscheinen ausgewählte Monographien und Sammelbände zur Sprachwissenschaft in ihrer ganzen Breite, zur mediävistischen Literaturwissenschaft und zur Editionsphilologie. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Deep Roots Edda L. Fields-Black, 2008-10-20 Mangrove rice farming on West Africa's Rice Coast was the mirror image of tidewater rice plantations worked by enslaved Africans in 18th-century South Carolina and Georgia. This book reconstructs the development of rice-growing technology among the Baga and Nalu of coastal Guinea, beginning more than a millennium before the transatlantic slave trade. It reveals a picture of dynamic pre-colonial coastal societies, quite unlike the static, homogenous pre-modern Africa of previous scholarship. From its examination of inheritance, innovation, and borrowing, Deep Roots fashions a theory of cultural change that encompasses the diversity of communities, cultures, and forms of expression in Africa and the African diaspora. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Dictionary of Portuguese Loanwords in the Languages of Sub-Saharan Africa Sergio Baldi, 2023-10-16 The main purpose of this dictionary is twofold. On the one hand, it provides the scholar of African studies with a tool to identify the possible Portuguese origin of terms present in African languages and, on the other, it offers those who are interested in Portuguese culture an overview of the presence of its lexicon in African languages. No doubt the Portuguese were among the first Europeans to explore the world outside of Europe, and as such they were also the first to introduce that world to European concepts and words.This book is the result of a long and detailed work on texts in African languages, as also shown by the rich bibliography in the dictionary. |
| languages spoken in guinea: A History of Afro-Hispanic Language John M. Lipski, 2005-03-10 The African slave trade, beginning in the fifteenth century, brought African languages into contact with Spanish and Portuguese, resulting in the Africans' gradual acquisition of these languages. In this 2004 book, John Lipski describes the major forms of Afro-Hispanic language found in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America over the last 500 years. As well as discussing pronunciation, morphology and syntax, he separates legitimate forms of Afro-Hispanic expression from those that result from racist stereotyping, to assess how contact with the African diaspora has had a permanent impact on contemporary Spanish. A principal issue is the possibility that Spanish, in contact with speakers of African languages, may have creolized and restructured - in the Caribbean and perhaps elsewhere - permanently affecting regional and social varieties of Spanish today. The book is accompanied by the largest known anthology of primary Afro-Hispanic texts from Iberia, Latin America, and former Afro-Hispanic contacts in Africa and Asia. |
| languages spoken in guinea: The Markham Languages of Papua New Guinea Susanne Holzknecht, 1989 The main aims of this work are to establish the status of the Austronesian languages of the Markham Valley and its hinterland and of the upper Ramu Valley in Papua New Guinea, in relation to other languages of the Oceanic group, and to delineate their sub-groupings. Descriptions of the phonologies and morphosyntactic systems are provided as the basis for the comparative analysis. A reconstruction of the history of these languages is attempted, using the available linguistic, historical, social and geographical information. The comparative method is used to investigate the relationships between these languages. The material for the study consists of phonological, rnorphosyntactic and lexico-semantic data collected by the writer in the field. Sociolinguistic, cultural and oral historical information was also collected and used as supplementary evidence. Chapter 1 introduces the topics for investigation and outlines the conventions used in the thesis. In Chapter 2 are presented some theoretical considerations, a review of previous work on Markham languages, and an outllne of the methodology used fn data collection and analysis. Chapter 3 presents the Markham language communities in their geographical and social context. The social background of the societies is given in some detail because the languages and their history cannot be considered apart from this social context. The main linguistic data upon which this work is based is presented in Chapter 4 Phonology, and Chapter 5 Morphosyntax. In Chapter 4 are brief phonological sketches of each of the Markham languages. After a discussion of previous reconstructions of Proto Oceanic and Proto Huon Gulf, a reconstruction of the phonology of Proto Markham is outlined, and supporting evidence for the reconstructions is given. Chapter 5 consists of analyses, comparisons and reconstructions of aspects of the Markham languages' morphosyntax. In Chapter 6 the comparisons and contrasts presented in the previous two chapters are drawn together, and the evidence for the internal unity and genetic relationship of the Markham languages is given in detail. Hypotheses about the sub-grouping of the languages are outlined, and evidence supporting these hypotheses is presented. Chapter 7 concludes the study with a summary of the findings. The evidence supports the proposition that the Markham languages form an internally consistent, genetically related unit which is descended from Proto Oceanic, through Proto Huon Gulf. It consists of three groups - Upper Markham, Watut and Lower Markham, of which the Upper Markham and Lower Markham groups are further divided into several sub-groupings. The history of the Markham languages is outlined, and evidence supporting this scenario is provided from linguistics, from oral histories, cultural data and geographical sources. |
| languages spoken in guinea: African linguistics across the disciplines Samuel Gyasi Obeng, 2019-11-12 Since the hiring of its first Africanist linguist Carleton Hodge in 1964, Indiana University’s Department of Linguistics has had a strong and continuing presence in the study of African languages and linguistics through the work of its faculty and of its graduates on the faculties of many other universities. Research on African linguistics at IU has covered some of the major language groups spoken on the African continent. Carleton Hodge’s work on Ancient Egyptian and Hausa, Paul Newman’s work on Hausa and Chadic languages, and Roxanna Ma Newman’s work on Hausa language structure and pedagogy have been some of the most important studies on Afro-Asiatic linguistics. With respect to Niger-Congo languages, the work of Charles Bird on Bambara and the Mande languages, Robert Botne’s work on Bantu structure (especially tense and aspect), Samuel Obeng and Colin Painter’s work on Ghanaian Languages (phonetics, phonology, and pragmatics), Robert Port’s studies on Swahili, and Erhard Voeltz's studies on Bantu linguistics are considered some of the most influential studies in the sub-field. On Nilo Saharan languages, the work of Tim Shopen on Songhay stands out. IU Linguistics has also forwarded theoretical work on African languages, such as John Goldsmith’s seminal research on tone in African languages. The African linguistics faculty at IU have either founded or edited important journals in African Studies, African languages, and African linguistics, including Africa Today, Studies in African Linguistics, and Journal of African Languages and Linguistics. In 1972, the Indiana University Department of Linguistics hosted the Third Annual Conference of African Linguistics. Proceedings of that conference were published by Indiana University Publications (African Series, vol. 7). In 1986, IU hosted the Seventeenth Annual Conference of African Linguistics with Paul Newman and Robert Botne editing the proceedings in a volume entitled Current Approaches to African Linguistics, vol. 5. In 2016, Indiana University hosted the 48th Annual Conference on African Linguistics with the theme African Linguistics Across the Disciplines. Proceedings of that meeting are published in this volume. The papers presented in this volume reflect the diversity of opportunities for language study in Africa. This collection of descriptive and theoretical work is the fruit of data gathering both in-country and abroad by researchers of languages spoken across the continent, from Sereer-sin in the west to Somali in the northeast to Ikalanga in the south. The range of topics in this volume is also broad, representative of the varied field work in country and abroad that inspires research in African linguistics. This collection of papers spans the disciplines of phonology (both segmental and suprasegmental), morphology (both morphophonological and morphosyntactic), syntax, semantics, and language policy. The data and analyses presented in this volume offer a cross-disciplinary view of linguistic topics from the many under-resourced languages of Africa. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities Carl Skutsch, 2013-11-07 This study of minorities involves the difficult issues of rights, justice, equality, dignity, identity, autonomy, political liberties, and cultural freedoms. The A-Z Encyclopedia presents the facts, arguments, and areas of contention in over 560 entries in a clear, objective manner. For a full list of entries, contributors, and more, visit the Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities website. |
| languages spoken in guinea: Dictionary and Grammar of the Language of Saʻa and Ulawa, Solomon Islands Walter George Ivens, 1918 |
| languages spoken in guinea: Transactions of the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists ( Held in London, 5th to 12th September 1892.) Edward Delmar Morgan, 1893 |
| languages spoken in guinea: Calunga and the Legacy of an African Language in Brazil Steven Byrd, 2012-11-15 Although millions of slaves were forcibly transported from Africa to Brazil, the languages the slaves brought with them remain little known. Most studies have focused on African contributions to Brazilian Portuguese rather than on the African languages themselves. This book is unusual in focusing on an African-descended language. The author describes and analyzes the Afro- Brazilian speech community of Calunga, in Minas Gerais. Linguistically descended from West African Bantu, Calunga is an endangered Afro-Brazilian language spoken by a few hundred older Afro-Brazilian men, who use it only for specific, secret communications. Unlike most creole languages, which are based largely on the vocabulary of the colonial language, Calunga has a large proportion of African vocabulary items embedded in an essentially Portuguese grammar. A hyrid language, its formation can be seen as a form of cultural resistance. Steven Byrd’s study provides a comprehensive linguistic description of Calunga based on two years of interviews with speakers of the language. He examines its history and historical context as well as its linguistic context, its sociolinguistic profile, and its lexical and grammatical outlines. |
What Languages Are Spoken in Guinea? - WorldAtlas
Aug 1, 2017 · More than 40 languages are spoken across the country. A legacy of the French rule in Guinea, French is now the official language of Guinea. A number of indigenous languages …
Languages of Guinea - Wikipedia
The Republic of Guinea is a multilingual country, with over 40 languages spoken. The official language is French. Several indigenous languages have been given the status of national …
Language data for Guinea - Translators without Borders
According to the 2014 census of Guinea, the country has 22 major languages. French is the country's official language, but is used almost exclusively as a second language. Six …
A Complete Overview of the Languages of Guinea
From the official status of French to the widespread use of Pular as a lingua franca, and from the diverse indigenous languages to the immigrant languages brought by various communities, …
What are the top 3 languages spoken in Guinea? - theflags.org
From the widely spoken French, which is the official language, to the native tongues of Susu and Pular, this article delves into the details of the top three languages spoken in Guinea and their …
Languages - Friends of Guinea
Languages spoken in guinea. There are more than 24 languages spoken, where the dominant ones are Susu, Pulaar, and Malinke. French is the official language of Guinea, which is …
Languages of Guinea - Wikiwand
The Republic of Guinea is a multilingual country, with over 40 languages spoken. The official language is French.
What language is spoken in Guinea - The Answer
Guinea's linguistic landscape includes regional languages such as Susu, Pular, Malinke, and others. These languages are spoken in different regions across the country, reflecting the …
Guinea Languages, Literacy, Maps, Endangered Languages, …
Explore all 37 languages used in Guinea with Ethnologue: Languages of Guinea —a downloadable PDF document that provides detailed analysis presented in formats not …
The Languages spoken in Guinea - StudyCountry.com
The official language of the country of Guinea is French. There are numerous ethnic languages in the country and the three most prevalent ethnic language are Susu, Pular (Foulah, Peuhl), and …
What Languages Are Spoken in Guinea? - WorldAtlas
Aug 1, 2017 · More than 40 languages are spoken across the country. A legacy of the French rule in Guinea, French is now the official language of Guinea. A number of indigenous languages …
Languages of Guinea - Wikipedia
The Republic of Guinea is a multilingual country, with over 40 languages spoken. The official language is French. Several indigenous languages have been given the status of national …
Language data for Guinea - Translators without Borders
According to the 2014 census of Guinea, the country has 22 major languages. French is the country's official language, but is used almost exclusively as a second language. Six …
A Complete Overview of the Languages of Guinea
From the official status of French to the widespread use of Pular as a lingua franca, and from the diverse indigenous languages to the immigrant languages brought by various communities, …
What are the top 3 languages spoken in Guinea? - theflags.org
From the widely spoken French, which is the official language, to the native tongues of Susu and Pular, this article delves into the details of the top three languages spoken in Guinea and their …
Languages - Friends of Guinea
Languages spoken in guinea. There are more than 24 languages spoken, where the dominant ones are Susu, Pulaar, and Malinke. French is the official language of Guinea, which is …
Languages of Guinea - Wikiwand
The Republic of Guinea is a multilingual country, with over 40 languages spoken. The official language is French.
What language is spoken in Guinea - The Answer
Guinea's linguistic landscape includes regional languages such as Susu, Pular, Malinke, and others. These languages are spoken in different regions across the country, reflecting the …
Guinea Languages, Literacy, Maps, Endangered Languages, …
Explore all 37 languages used in Guinea with Ethnologue: Languages of Guinea —a downloadable PDF document that provides detailed analysis presented in formats not …
The Languages spoken in Guinea - StudyCountry.com
The official language of the country of Guinea is French. There are numerous ethnic languages in the country and the three most prevalent ethnic language are Susu, Pular (Foulah, Peuhl), and …
