Advertisement
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Light Scattering from Polymer Solutions and Nanoparticle Dispersions Wolfgang Schärtl, 2007-08-13 Light scattering is a very powerful method to characterize the structure of polymers and nanoparticles in solution. Recent technical developments have strongly enhanced the possible applications of this technique, overcoming previous limitations like sample turbidity or insufficient experimental time scales. However, despite their importance, these new developments have not yet been presented in a comprehensive form. In addition, and maybe even more important to the broad audience, there lacks a simple-to-read textbook for students and non-experts interested in the basic principles and fundamental techniques of light scattering. As part of the Springer Laboratory series, this book tries not only to provide such a simple-to-read and illustrative textbook about the seemingly very complicated topic of light scattering from polymers and nanoparticles in dilute solution, but also intends to cover some of the newest technical developments in experimental light scattering. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Springer Series in Light Scattering Alexander Kokhanovsky, 2019-06-29 This book describes recent advances in radiative transfer, atmospheric remote sensing, polarization optics of random media, and light scattering. It is a valuable resource for anyone involved in light scattering research. Providing numerous step-by-step tutorials, it allows readers to quickly learn about various aspects of theoretical and experimental light scattering media optics. The book features among others a chapter on aerosol remote sensing that helps readers to define and solve various aerosol remote sensing problems. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Eighth Edition Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2010-10-13 Updated to reflect a growing focus on green chemistry in the scientific community and in compliance with the American Chemical Society’s Committee on Professional Training guidelines, Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, Eighth Edition integrates the core areas that contribute to the growth of polymer science. It supplies the basic understanding of polymers essential to the training of science, biomedical, and engineering students. New in the Eighth Edition: Updating of analytical, physical, and special characterization techniques Increased emphasis on carbon nanotubes, tapes and glues, butyl rubber, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ethylene glycols), shear-thickening fluids, photo-chemistry and photophysics, dental materials, and aramids New sections on copolymers, including fluoroelastomers, nitrile rubbers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers, and EPDM rubber New units on spliceosomes, asphalt, and fly ash and aluminosilicates Larger focus on the molecular behavior of materials, including nano-scale behavior, nanotechnology, and nanomaterials Continuing to provide a user-friendly approach to the world of polymeric materials, the book allows students to integrate their chemical knowledge and establish a connection between fundamental and applied chemical information. It contains all of the elements of an introductory text with synthesis, property, application, and characterization. Special sections in each chapter contain definitions, learning objectives, questions, and additional reading, with case studies woven into the text fabric. Symbols, trade names, websites, and other useful ancillaries appear in the appendices to supplement the text. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Spectroscopy of Polymer Nanocomposites Sabu Thomas, Didier Rouxel, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, 2016-02-16 Spectroscopy of Polymer Nanocomposites covers all aspects of the spectroscopic characterization of polymer nanocomposites. More than 25 spectroscopy characterization techniques – almost all used in materials science – are treated in the book, with discussion of their potentialities and limitations. By comparing the techniques with each other and presenting the techniques together with their specific application areas, the book provides scientists and engineers the information needed for solving specific problems and choosing the right technique for analyzing the material structure. From this, the dispersion structure of fillers, property relations and filler-polymer interactions can be determined, and, ultimately, the right materials can be chosen for the right applications. Besides the techniques and structure-property relations, aspects covered include: phase segregation of filler particles, filler agglomeration and deagglomeration, filler dispersion, filler-polymer interactions, surfaces and interfaces. The book also examines recent developments, as well as unresolved issues and new challenges, in the characterization of surfaces and interfaces in polymer nanocomposites. This handpicked selection of topics, and the combined expertise of contributors from industry, academia, government and private research organizations across the globe, make this survey an outstanding reference source for anyone involved in the field of polymer nanocomposites in academia or industry. - Provides comprehensive coverage of spectroscopy techniques for analyzing polymer nanocomposites - Enables researchers and engineers to choose the right technique and make better materials decisions in research and a range of industries - Presents the fundamentals, information on structure-property relations, and all other aspects relevant for understanding spectroscopic analyses of nanoreinforced polymers and their applications |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Introduction to Polymer Chemistry Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2012-12-17 Continuing the tradition of its previous editions, the third edition of Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provides a well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this third edition offers detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, biomacromolecules, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics. Using simple fundamentals, the book demonstrates how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. It covers reactivities, synthesis and polymerization reactions, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition addresses environmental concerns and green polymeric materials, including biodegradable polymers and microorganisms for synthesizing materials. Case studies woven within the text illustrate various developments and the societal and scientific contexts in which these changes occurred. Now including new material on environmental science, Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Third Edition remains the premier book for understanding the behavior of polymers. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Third Edition Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2012-12-04 Continuing the tradition of its previous editions, the third edition of Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provides a well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this third edition offers detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, biomacromolecules, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics. Using simple fundamentals, the book demonstrates how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. It covers reactivities, synthesis and polymerization reactions, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition addresses environmental concerns and green polymeric materials, including biodegradable polymers and microorganisms for synthesizing materials. Case studies woven within the text illustrate various developments and the societal and scientific contexts in which these changes occurred. Now including new material on environmental science, Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Third Edition remains the premier book for understanding the behavior of polymers. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Hyperbranched Polymers Albena Lederer, Walther Burchard, 2015-08-20 There is great commercial interest in hyperbranched polymers from manufacturers of polymer formulations, additives and coatings, polymer electronics and pharmaceuticals. However, these polymers are difficult to characterize due to their very complex, multidimensional distribution and there is a great need to understand how to control their synthesis to obtain certain material properties. Hyperbranched Polymers is the first book to examine in detail the recent advances in hyperbranched polymers. Focusing on the structural characterization of hyperbranched polymers, the book summarizes the research in the field and makes a direct correlation between the chemical structure and global molecular properties. This correlation is essential for understanding the structure–properties relation and fills the gap between the synthetic advances and physico-chemical understanding of this polymer class. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, the book will appeal to both scientists working in fundamental research, as well as industrial manufacturers of dendritic polymers. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Molecular Characterization of Polymers Muhammad Imran Malik, Jimmy Mays, Muhammad Raza Shah, 2021-03-09 Molecular Characterization of Polymers presents a range of advanced and cutting-edge methods for the characterization of polymers at the molecular level, guiding the reader through theory, fundamentals, instrumentation, and applications, and supporting the end goal of efficient material selection and improved material performance. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique or family of techniques, including the different areas of chromatography, field flow fractionation, long chain branching, static and dynamic light scattering, mass spectrometry, NMR, X-Ray and neutron scattering, polymer dilute solution viscometry, microscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy. In each case, in-depth coverage explains how to successfully implement and utilize the technique. This practical resource is highly valuable to researchers and advanced students in polymer science, materials science, and engineering, and to those from other disciplines and industries who are unfamiliar with polymer characterization techniques. - Introduces a range of advanced characterization methods, covering aspects such as molecular weight, polydispersity, branching, composition, and tacticity - Enables the reader to understand and to compare the available technique, and implement the selected technique(s), with a view to improving properties of the polymeric material - Establishes a strong link between basic principles, characterization techniques, and real-life applications |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Methods in Bioengineering Kaushal Rege, Igor L. Medintz, 2009 This practical book is part of the new Artech House Methods in Bioengineering series - volumes designed to offer detailed guidance on authoritative methods for addressing specific bioengineering challenges. This volume is focused on the materials involved with nanoscale bioengineering. Nanomaterials are quickly moving into the mainstream as a critical component of biological research. Filling a critical gap in the current literature, this new resource presents practical, step-by-step methods to help professionals synthesize, characterize, functionalize and apply the nanomaterial that is most suitable for handling a given nanoscale bioengineering problem. Written and presented by the best scientists and engineers in their respective fields, the authors offer a clear and detailed understanding of how to carry out a wide range of important methods in this area. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Fourth Edition Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2017-01-06 Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provides undergraduate students with a much-needed, well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this fourth edition continues to provide detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Clinical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles Nguyen TK Thanh, 2018-02-06 Offering the latest information in magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) research, this book builds upon the success of the first volume and provides an updated and comprehensive review, from synthesis, characterization, and biofunctionalization to clinical applications of MNPs, including the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The book captures some of emerging research area which was not available in the first volume. Good Manufacturing Practices and Commercialization of MNPs are also included. This volume, also written by some of the most qualified experts in the field, incorporates new developments in the literature, and continues to bridge the gaps between the different areas in this field. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Carraher's Polymer Chemistry Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2017-10-12 Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Tenth Edition integrates the core areas of polymer science. Along with updating of each chapter, newly added content reflects the growing applications in Biochemistry, Biomaterials, and Sustainable Industries. Providing a user-friendly approach to the world of polymeric materials, the book allows students to integrate their chemical knowledge and establish a connection between fundamental and applied chemical information. It contains all of the elements of an introductory text with synthesis, property, application, and characterization. Special sections in each chapter contain definitions, learning objectives, questions, case studies and additional reading. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences , 2011-03-25 Dairy Science, Four Volume Set includes the study of milk and milk-derived food products, examining the biological, chemical, physical, and microbiological aspects of milk itself as well as the technological (processing) aspects of the transformation of milk into its various consumer products, including beverages, fermented products, concentrated and dried products, butter and ice cream. This new edition includes information on the possible impact of genetic modification of dairy animals, safety concerns of raw milk and raw milk products, peptides in milk, dairy-based allergies, packaging and shelf-life and other topics of importance and interest to those in dairy research and industry. Fully reviewed, revised and updated with the latest developments in Dairy Science Full color inserts in each volume illustrate key concepts Extended index for easily locating information |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Eun Ji Chung, Lorraine Leon, Carlos Rinaldi, 2019-11-19 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Fundamental Concepts, Biological Interactions and Clinical Applications brings into one place information on the design and biomedical applications of different classes of nanoparticles. While aspects are dealt with in individual journal articles, there is not one source that covers this area comprehensively. This book fills this gap in the literature. - Outlines an in-depth review of biomedical applications of a variety of nanoparticle classes - Discusses the major techniques for designing nanoparticles for use in biomedicine - Explores safety and regulatory aspects for the use of nanoparticles in biomedicine |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology Rio Kita, Toshiaki Dobashi, 2015-06-09 Integrating basic to applied science and technology in medicine, pharmaceutics, molecular biology, biomedical engineering, biophysics and irreversible thermodynamics, this book covers cutting-edge research of the structure and function of biomaterials at a molecular level. In addition, it examines for the first time studies performed at the nano- and micro scale. With innovative technologies and methodologies aiming to clarify the molecular mechanism and macroscopic relationship, Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology thoroughly covers the basic principles of these studies, with helpful step-by-step explanations of methodologies and insight into medical applications. Written by pioneering researchers, the book is a valuable resource for academics and industry scientists, as well as graduate students, working or studying in bio-related fields. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Biological Responses to Nanoscale Particles Peter Gehr, Reinhard Zellner, 2019-04-16 In this book the recent progress accumulated in studies of the interaction of engineered nanoparticles with cells and cellular constituents is presented. The focus is on manufacturing and characterization of nanosized materials, their interactions with biological molecules such as proteins, the mechanisms of transport across biological membranes as well as their effects on biological functions. Fundamental molecular and cellular aspects are in the foreground of the book. A further particularity is the interdisciplinary approach, including fields such as preparatory and analytical chemistry, biophysics and the physics of colloids, advanced microscopy and spectroscopy for in-situ detection of nanoparticles, cellular toxicology and nanomedicine. Nanoscale particles are known to exhibit novel and unprecedented properties that make them different from their corresponding bulk materials. As our ability to control these properties is further advanced, a huge potential to create materials with novel properties and applications emerges. Although the technological and economic benefits of nanomaterials are indisputable, concerns have also been raised that nanoscale structuring of materials might also induce negative health effects. Unfortunately, such negative health effects cannot be deduced from the known toxicity of the corresponding macroscopic material. As a result, there is a major gap in the knowledge necessary for assessing their risk to human health. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing Enrique Saldivar-Guerra, Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, 2013-02-28 Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Characterization of Nanomaterials in Liquid Disperse Systems R. R. Retamal Marín, 2022-04-22 This book describes different aspects of characterization and detection of nanomaterials in liquid disperse systems, such as suspensions, emulsions and suspoemulsions. Natural and technical particulate nanomaterials (NMs) are often present in formulations and products consisting of several disperse phases and complex dispersion media. Specific interfacial properties of the particles, their interactions with each other and with the dispersion medium, have to be considered. For example, the interfacial properties determine whether the particles tend to be arranged in aqueous or lipid phases or at their phase boundaries. The interfacial properties are significantly influenced by the adsorption of dissolved species, i.e., they depend on the composition of the dispersion medium. This poses great challenges for the characterization of these nanoparticle systems and requires adequate preparation methods. The nanoparticle measurement techniques aim at a deep physico-chemical understanding of the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems. Since the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems in an application usually does not correspond to their original manufacturing process, the formulation of new or improved product properties is of decisive importance. The characterization of nanoparticles in complex formulations or matrices requires an adequate sample preparation based on an existing or yet to be developed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The structure of the SOPs includes the dispersion regulations, which are of essential importance for comparing reproducible results of nanoparticle measurement with respect to comparability and transferability worldwide. The aim is to separate and isolate relevant NMs with knowledge of the interrelationships. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Polymer Chemistry Sebastian Koltzenburg, Michael Maskos, Oskar Nuyken, 2017-12-11 This comprehensive textbook describes the synthesis, characterization and technical and engineering applications of polymers. Offering a broad and balanced introduction to the basic concepts of macromolecular chemistry and to the synthesis and physical chemistry of polymers, it is the ideal text for graduate students and advanced Masters students starting out in polymer science. Building on the basic principles of organic chemistry and thermodynamics, it provides an easily understandable and highly accessible introduction to the topic. Step by step, readers will obtain a detailed and well-founded understanding of this vibrant and increasingly important subject area at the intersection between chemistry, physics, engineering and the life sciences.Following an approach different from many other textbooks in the field, the authors, with their varying backgrounds (both from academia and industry), offer a new perspective. Starting with a clear and didactic introduction, the book discusses basic terms and sizes and shapes of polymers and macromolecules. There then follow chapters dedicated to polymers in solutions, molar mass determination, and polymers in the solid state, incl. (partially) crystalline or amorphous polymers as well as their application as engineering materials. Based on this information, the authors explain the most important polymerization methods and techniques. Often neglected in other textbooks, there are chapters on technical polymers, functional polymers, elastomers and liquid crystalline polymers, as well as polymers and the environment. An overview of current trends serves to generate further interest in present and future developments in the field.This book is the English translation of the successful German textbook Polymere, which was awarded the Chemical Industry in Germany’s 2015 literature Prize (“Literaturpreis des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie”) for its innovative, novel approach, and its good accessibility and readability, while at the same time providing comprehensive coverage of the field of polymer science. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Ninth Edition Charles E. Carraher Jr., 2016-04-19 Most of the advancements in communication, computers, medicine, and air and water purity are linked to macromolecules and a fundamental understanding of the principles that govern their behavior. These fundamentals are explored in Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, Ninth Edition. Continuing the tradition of previous volumes, the latest edition provides a well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this edition offers detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, biomacromolecules, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics. Using simple fundamentals, this book demonstrates how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. It covers reactivities, synthesis and polymerization reactions, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition includes updated techniques, new sections on a number of copolymers, expanded emphasis on nanotechnology and nanomaterials, and increased coverage of topics including carbon nanotubes, tapes and glues, photochemistry, and more. With topics presented so students can understand polymer science even if certain parts of the text are skipped, this book is suitable as an undergraduate as well as an introductory graduate-level text. The author begins most chapters with theory followed by application, and generally addresses the most critical topics first. He provides all of the elements of an introductory text, covering synthesis, properties, applications, and characterization. This user-friendly book also contains definitions, learning objectives, questions, and additional reading in each chapter. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels Liang Hu, Yongfeng Gao, Michael J. Serpe, 2022-08-02 Smart Stimuli-Responsive Poymers, Films, and Gels Discover the most important developments in synthesis, simulation, and applications of a fascinating compound class There exist a range of natural materials that respond to environmental changes by altering their physical or chemical properties, known as stimuli-responsive polymers, these substances are responsive to light, temperature, pressure, and more. The study of these so-called “smart” polymers is essential to a range of application fields, many of which have generated cutting-edge research in recent decades. A comprehensive introduction to the subject is therefore well-timed Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels provides an introduction to these polymers and their applications. It includes producing these polymers through synthetic approaches, simulating their responses to different stimuli, and applying these materials in different industries and research capacities. Written to serve the requirements of advanced students and senior researchers alike, this timely work will drive years of research in this vital field. In Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels readers will also find: Treatment of mechanoresponsive, photoresponsive, and ionizing-radiation responsive polymers Applications in emerging fields such as sensors, biomedicine, catalysis, and more Interdisciplinary research into the properties and responses of these vital compounds Smart Stimuli-Responsive Polymers, Films, and Gels promises to become a seminal work for chemists, materials scientists, and industrial researchers seeking to incorporate these materials into a variety of industrial and research areas. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Integrated Silicon-Metal Systems at the Nanoscale Munir H. Nayfeh, Ammar Nayfeh, 2023-04-12 Integrated Silicon-Metal Systems at the Nanoscale: Applications in Photonics, Quantum Computing, Networking, and Internet is a comprehensive guide to the interaction, materials and functional integration at the nanoscale of the silicon-metal binary system and a variety of emerging and next-generation advanced device applications, from energy and electronics, to sensing, quantum computing and quantum internet networks. The book guides the readers through advanced techniques and etching processes, combining underlying principles, materials science, design, and operation of metal-Si nanodevices. Each chapter focuses on a specific use of integrated metal-silicon nanostructures, including storage and resistive next-generation nano memory and transistors, photo and molecular sensing, harvest and storage device electrodes, phosphor light converters, and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as future application areas, such as spin transistors, quantum computing, hybrid quantum devices, and quantum engineering, networking, and internet. - Provides detailed coverage of materials, design and operation of metal-Si nanodevices - Offers a step-by-step approach, supported by principles, methods, illustrations and equations - Explores a range of cutting-edge emerging applications across electronics, sensing and quantum computing |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Advances in Chitin/Chitosan Characterization and Applications Marguerite Rinaudo, Francisco M. Goycoolea, 2019-04-23 Functional advanced biopolymers have received far less attention than renewable biomass (cellulose, rubber, etc.) used for energy production. Among the most advanced biopolymers known is chitosan. The term chitosan refers to a family of polysaccharides obtained by partial de-N-acetylation from chitin, one of the most abundant renewable resources in the biosphere. Chitosan has been firmly established as having unique material properties as well as biological activities. Either in its native form or as a chemical derivative, chitosan is amenable to being processed—typically under mild conditions—into soft materials such as hydrogels, colloidal nanoparticles, or nanofibers. Given its multiple biological properties, including biodegradability, antimicrobial effects, gene transfectability, and metal adsorption—to name but a few—chitosan is regarded as a widely versatile building block in various sectors (e.g., agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmacy) and for various applications (medical devices, metal adsorption, catalysis, etc.). This Special Issue presents an updated account addressing some of the major applications, including also chemical and enzymatic modifications of oligos and polymers. A better understanding of the properties that underpin the use of chitin and chitosan in different fields is key for boosting their more extensive industrial utilization, as well as to aid regulatory agencies in establishing specifications, guidelines, and standards for the different types of products and applications. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Scanning Force Microscopy of Polymers G. Julius Vancso, Holger Schönherr, 2010-08-02 Scope of the Book Synthetic and natural polymers exhibit a complex structural and morphological hierarchy on multiple length scales [1], which determines their performance. Thus, research aiming at visualizing structure and morphology using a multitude of microscopy techniques has received considerable attention since the early days of polymer science and technology. Various well-developed techniques such as optical microscopy and different forms of electron microscopy (Scanning Electron Micr- copy, SEM; Transmission Electron Microscopy, TEM; Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, ESEM) allow one to view polymeric structure at different levels of magni?cation. These classical techniques, and their applications to po- mers, are well documented in the literature [2, 3]. The invention of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) inspired the devel- ment of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and other forms of scanning proximity microscopes in the late 1980s [4, 5]. AFM, unlike STM, can be used to image n- conducting specimens such as polymers. In addition, AFM imaging is feasible in liquids, which has several advantages. Using liquid imaging cells the forces between specimen and AFM probe are drastically reduced, thus sample damage is prevented. In addition, the use of water as imaging medium opened up new applications aiming at imaging, characterizing, and analyzing biologically important systems. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Nanoengineering of Biomaterials Sougata Jana, Subrata Jana, 2022-04-18 In Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery & Biomedical Applications untersucht ein Expertenteam von Chemikern in prägnanter Form die Synthese, Charakterisierung und Freisetzung von Wirkstoffmolekülen in vitro und in vivo, die pharmakokinetische Aktivität, pharmakodynamische Aktivität und die biomedizinischen Anwendungen verschiedener Arten von nanotechnologisch hergestellten Biomaterialien. Zudem werden die neuesten Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich anhand von aktuellen Materialien präsentiert. Dieses Werk ist eine Sammlung von wertvollen und leicht zugänglichen Referenzquellen für Forscher in der Materialchemie und verwandten Forschungsgebieten. Unter Verwendung eines funktionsorientierten Ansatzes werden organische und anorganische Ausgangsverbindungen zur Herstellung biologischer Systeme genutzt, die als Gerüste, Mizellen, Dendrimere und andere Verabreichungssysteme dienen. Nanoengineering of Biomaterials vermittelt aktuelle Erkenntnisse aus der Chemie und der Materialwissenschaft, die sich leicht auf biomedizinische Systeme übertragen lassen. Darüber hinaus bietet das Werk: * Eine gründliche Einführung in die Verabreichung von Therapeutika durch Alginat-Nanopartikel und Nanomaterialien auf Chitosan-Basis in biologischen Anwendungen * Eine umfassende Betrachtung von nanostrukturiertem Carrageen als Wirkstoffträger, Gellangummi-Nanopartikeln bei der Wirkstoffverabreichung und Guargummi-Nanopartikeln bei der Verabreichung bioaktiver Moleküle * Eine praktische Erörterung von proteinbasierten Nanopartikeln bei der Wirkstoffverabreichung, festen Lipid-Nanopartikeln als Wirkstoffträger und auf den pH-Wert reagierenden Nanopartikeln in der Therapie * Eine grundlegende Untersuchung von auf bestimmte Stimuli reagierenden Nanoträgern bei der gezielten Wirkstoffverabreichung Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications ist nicht nur perfekt für Fachleute in der pharmazeutischen Chemie, Materialwissenschaft, Polymerchemie, den Biowissenschaften und der Medizinalchemie geeignet, sondern ist auch eine unverzichtbare Quelle für Biologen und Bioingenieure auf der Suche nach einem umfassenden Nachschlagewerk, das sich mit der Übertragbarkeit der Materialchemie und Nanotechnologie auf die Biomedizin beschäftigt. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Comprehensive Biomaterials II Kevin Healy, Dietmar W. Hutmacher, David W. Grainger, C. James Kirkpatrick, 2017-05-18 Comprehensive Biomaterials II, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set brings together the myriad facets of biomaterials into one expertly-written series of edited volumes. Articles address the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field, their strengths and weaknesses, their future prospects, appropriate analytical methods and testing, device applications and performance, emerging candidate materials as competitors and disruptive technologies, research and development, regulatory management, commercial aspects, and applications, including medical applications. Detailed coverage is given to both new and emerging areas and the latest research in more traditional areas of the field. Particular attention is given to those areas in which major recent developments have taken place. This new edition, with 75% new or updated articles, will provide biomedical scientists in industry, government, academia, and research organizations with an accurate perspective on the field in a manner that is both accessible and thorough. Reviews the current status of nearly all biomaterials in the field by analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, performance, and future prospects Covers all significant emerging technologies in areas such as 3D printing of tissues, organs and scaffolds, cell encapsulation; multimodal delivery, cancer/vaccine - biomaterial applications, neural interface understanding, materials used for in situ imaging, and infection prevention and treatment Effectively describes the many modern aspects of biomaterials from basic science, to clinical applications |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Electron Microscopy of Polymers Goerg H. Michler, 2008-07-05 The study of polymers by electron microscopy (EM) needs special techniques, precautions and preparation methods, including ultramicrotomy. General characteristics of the different techniques of EM, including scanning force microscopy, are given in this hands-on book. The application of these techniques to the study of morphology and properties, particularly micromechanical properties, is described in detail. Examples from all classes of polymers are presented. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Design and Development of New Nanocarriers Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, 2017-11-30 Design and Development of New Nanocarriers focuses on the design and development of new nanocarriers used in pharmaceutical applications that have emerged in recent years. In particular, the pharmaceutical uses of microfluidic techniques, supramolecular design of nanocapsules, smart hydrogels, polymeric micelles, exosomes and metal nanoparticles are discussed in detail. Written by a diverse group of international researchers, this book is a valuable reference resource for those working in both biomaterials science and the pharmaceutical industry. - Shows how nanomanufacturing techniques can help to create more effective, cheaper pharmaceutical products - Explores how nanofabrication techniques developed in the lab have been translated to commercial applications in recent years - Explains safety and regulatory aspects of the use of nanomanufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical industry |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices Beata Luszczynska, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Jacek Ulanski, 2019-06-11 Provides first-hand insights into advanced fabrication techniques for solution processable organic electronics materials and devices The field of printable organic electronics has emerged as a technology which plays a major role in materials science research and development. Printable organic electronics soon compete with, and for specific applications can even outpace, conventional semiconductor devices in terms of performance, cost, and versatility. Printing techniques allow for large-scale fabrication of organic electronic components and functional devices for use as wearable electronics, health-care sensors, Internet of Things, monitoring of environment pollution and many others, yet-to-be-conceived applications. The first part of Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices covers the synthesis of: soluble conjugated polymers; solution-processable nanoparticles of inorganic semiconductors; high-k nanoparticles by means of controlled radical polymerization; advanced blending techniques yielding novel materials with extraordinary properties. The book also discusses photogeneration of charge carriers in nanostructured bulk heterojunctions and charge carrier transport in multicomponent materials such as composites and nanocomposites as well as photovoltaic devices modelling. The second part of the book is devoted to organic electronic devices, such as field effect transistors, light emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodiodes and electronic memory devices which can be produced by solution-based methods, including printing and roll-to-roll manufacturing. The book provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers and for those entering the field. It comprises 12 chapters focused on: ? novel organic electronics components synthesis and solution-based processing techniques ? advanced analysis of mechanisms governing charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors and devices ? fabrication techniques and characterization methods of organic electronic devices Providing coverage of the state of the art of organic electronics, Solution-Processable Components for Organic Electronic Devices is an excellent book for materials scientists, applied physicists, engineering scientists, and those working in the electronics industry. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery , 2018-11-30 Basic Fundamentals of Drug Delivery covers the fundamental principles, advanced methodologies and technologies employed by pharmaceutical scientists, researchers and pharmaceutical industries to transform a drug candidate or new chemical entity into a final administrable drug delivery system. The book also covers various approaches involved in optimizing the therapeutic performance of a biomolecule while designing its appropriate advanced formulation. - Provides up-to-date information on translating the physicochemical properties of drugs into drug delivery systems - Explores how drugs are administered via various routes, such as orally, parenterally, transdermally or through inhalation - Contains extensive references and further reading for course and self-study |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Measuring Biological Impacts of Nanomaterials Joachim Wegener, 2016-02-02 This book reviews several aspects of the biological response to nanoscale particles on a molecular and cellular level. Nanoscale materials and nanoscale particles in particular have interesting properties and beneficial applications. While they thus have entered our daily lifes on many different levels (from electronics, over textiles, packaging or surface modifications, to biomedical applications), general rules describing their interaction with biological structures and biological matter are still difficult to derive. The existing literature suggests a variety of interaction schemes between nanoparticles and biological objects, not dispelling the public concerns about possible health effects and harmful properties. A systematic approach to the problem is needed and timely. This book specifically emphasizes bioanalytical problems starting from the characterization of the nanomaterials to the pitfalls and potential artifacts of state-of-the-art cytotoxicity assays that are frequently used to study harmful effects on cells. It also highlights the application of label-free bioanalytical techniques that can potentially complement the present approaches and hence provide new perspectives on this highly discussed cutting-edge field of research and public concern. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Enzymatic Polymerizations , 2019-10-14 Enzymatic Polymerizations, Volume 627 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series - Includes the latest information on Enzymatic Polymerizations |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Synthetic Polymeric Membranes K. C. Khulbe, C. Y. Feng, Takeshi Matsuura, 2007-12-03 Researchers in polymeric membranes as well as R&D professionals will find this work an essential addition to the literature. It concentrates on the method recently developed to study the surfaces of synthetic polymeric membranes using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), which is fast becoming a very important tool. Each chapter includes information on basic principles, commercial applications, an overview of current research and guidelines for future research. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Field-Flow Fractionation in Biopolymer Analysis S. Kim R. Williams, Karin D. Caldwell, 2011-12-07 This is a timely collection of important biomedical applications for a set of separation/characterization techniques that are rapidly gaining popularity due to their wide dynamic range, high resolution, and ability to function in most commonly used solvent systems. Importantly, the field-flow fractionation (FFF) technique has recently emerged as a prominent complement to size exclusion chromatography for protein pharmaceuticals. Fractionation with FFF is gentle and preserves protein structural integrity better than existing alternatives. In the present text, different chapters are written by experts in their respective field of application, who offer comparisons between the FFF techniques and other methods for characterizing their special focus material. Practical guide-lines for successful implementation, such as choice of operating conditions, are offered in conjunction with each application. In addition to new instrumentation and approaches that address important current topics, readers are provided with an overall sense of prior (but timeless) major developments that may be overlooked in literature searches. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Science and Applications of Nanoparticles Waqar Ahmed, Ehsan Nourafkan, 2022-12-23 Nanoparticles have emerged as important players in modern techniques, having applications from medicine and drug delivery to textiles and agriculture. Nanoscale materials are already integrated into our everyday lives in various forms, such as sunscreen lotions containing nanoparticles, dirt-resistant glass with nanocoatings, and nanodrugs. This book reviews the recent developments in the applications of nanoscale materials in drug delivery, agriculture, cosmetics, textiles, and photonics. It also covers other interesting topics in detail, such as nanoencapsulation, nanoparticle formation, and surface functionalization of nanomaterials. It is a valuable resource for practical use and offers up-to-date information given by specialists in each field. It is a useful reference for materials scientists, chemical engineers working in R&D and academia, and inquisitive readers who want to learn more about the applications of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in different fields. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Classical Light Scattering from Polymer Solutions Pavel Kratochvíl, 1987 Classical light scattering from dilute polymer solutions is one of the few absolute, rigorously founded methods for the determination of molar mass and molecular size of macromolecular substances, and for the quantitative characterization of solute-solvent interaction. Light scattering is thus one of the most fundamental methods of the physical chemistry of polymers, and the present book provides an introduction to this technique. elements of practice and application of light scattering. Although there are a number of advanced monographs and reviews currently available on light scattering from polymer solutions, the appearance of this book marks the first introductory text of its kind. Polymer chemists wishing to make a start in light scattering will find this book an indispensable aid in their work. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, 2019-03-14 Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy presents recent advances in the field of nanobiomaterials and their important applications in drug delivery, therapy and engineering. The book offers pharmaceutical perspectives, exploring the development of nanobiomaterials and their interaction with the human body. Chapters show how nanomaterials are used in treatments, including neurology, dentistry and cancer therapy. Authored by a range of contributors from global institutions, this book offers a broad, international perspective on how nanotechnology-based advances are leading to novel drug delivery and treatment solutions. It is a valuable research resource that will help both practicing medics and researchers in pharmaceutical science and nanomedicine learn more on how nanotechnology is improving treatments. - Assesses the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems - Explores how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient drug delivery systems - Discusses which nanomaterials make the best drug carriers |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Photocatalytic Semiconductors Aracely Hernández-Ramírez, Iliana Medina-Ramírez, 2014-11-17 This critical volume examines the different methods used for the synthesis of a great number of photocatalysts, including TiO2, ZnO and other modified semiconductors, as well as characterization techniques used for determining the optical, structural and morphological properties of the semiconducting materials. Additionally, the authors discuss photoelectrochemical methods for determining the light activity of the photocatalytic semiconductors by means of measurement of properties such as band gap energy, flat band potential and kinetics of hole and electron transfer. Photocatalytic Semiconductors: Synthesis, Characterization and Environmental Applications provide an overview of the semiconductor materials from first- to third-generation photocatalysts and their applications in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The book further presents economic and toxicological aspects in the production and application of photocatalytic materials. |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Heterologous Immunity: Implications and Applications in Vaccines and Immunotherapies Babita Agrawal, Stephanie Yanow, Shakti Singh, 2020-08-27 |
| light scattering from polymer solutions and nanoparticle dispersions: Fundamentals and Applications of Nano Silicon in Plasmonics and Fullerines Munir H. Nayfeh, 2018-06-29 Fundamentals and Applications of Nano Silicon in Plasmonics and Fullerines: Current and Future Trends addresses current and future trends in the application and commercialization of nanosilicon. The book presents current, innovative and prospective applications and products based on nanosilicon and their binary system in the fields of energy harvesting and storage, lighting (solar cells and nano-capacitor and fuel cell devices and nanoLEDs), electronics (nanotransistors and nanomemory, quantum computing, photodetectors for space applications; biomedicine (substance detection, plasmonic treatment of disease, skin and hair care, implantable glucose sensor, capsules for drug delivery and underground water and oil exploration), and art (glass and pottery). Moreover, the book includes material on the use of advanced laser and proximal probes for imaging and manipulation of nanoparticles and atoms. In addition, coverage is given to carbon and how it contrasts and integrates with silicon with additional related applications. This is a valuable resource to all those seeking to learn more about the commercialization of nanosilicon, and to researchers wanting to learn more about emerging nanosilicon applications. - Features a variety of designs and operation of nano-devices, helping engineers to make the best use of nanosilicon - Contains underlying principles of how nanomaterials work and the variety of applications they provide, giving those new to nanosilicon a fundamental understanding - Assesses the viability of various nanoslicon devices for mass production and commercialization, thereby providing an important source of information for engineers |
Light - Wikipedia
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. [1] Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having …
Light | Definition, Properties, Physics, Characteristics ...
Jun 10, 2025 · Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation occurs over an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from gamma …
LIGHT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LIGHT is something that makes vision possible. How to use light in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Light.
Light: Science & Applications - Nature
Light: Science and Applications is an open access journal that publishes the highest quality articles in basic and applied optics and photonics.
The Nature of Light – The Physics Hypertextbook
Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the typical human. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference. Like all …
How Light Works - HowStuffWorks
Light is at once both obvious and mysterious. We are bathed in yellow warmth every day and stave off the darkness with incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. But what exactly is light?
What is light? A guide to waves, particles, colour and more
Is light a wave or a particle? How is it created? And why can’t humans see the whole spectrum of light? All your questions answered.
What Exactly Light Is? - AmazingPhysicsForAll
In order to answer that question, physicists point out that light, according to quantum mechanics, is both a wave and a particle at the same time. How is that possible? Moreover, they say that it …
Light - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that shows properties of both waves and particles. It is a form of energy. Light also keeps the Earth warm. Light exists in tiny energy packets called …
Light - New World Encyclopedia
Sunlight comes around a cloud. In common usage, the term light (or visible light) refers to electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range that is visible to the human eye (about 400–700 …
Light - Wikipedia
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. [1] Visible light spans the visible spectrum and is usually defined as having …
Light | Definition, Properties, Physics, Characteristics ...
Jun 10, 2025 · Light is electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye. Electromagnetic radiation occurs over an extremely wide range of wavelengths, from gamma …
LIGHT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of LIGHT is something that makes vision possible. How to use light in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Light.
Light: Science & Applications - Nature
Light: Science and Applications is an open access journal that publishes the highest quality articles in basic and applied optics and photonics.
The Nature of Light – The Physics Hypertextbook
Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the typical human. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through experiments on diffraction and interference. Like all …
How Light Works - HowStuffWorks
Light is at once both obvious and mysterious. We are bathed in yellow warmth every day and stave off the darkness with incandescent and fluorescent bulbs. But what exactly is light?
What is light? A guide to waves, particles, colour and more
Is light a wave or a particle? How is it created? And why can’t humans see the whole spectrum of light? All your questions answered.
What Exactly Light Is? - AmazingPhysicsForAll
In order to answer that question, physicists point out that light, according to quantum mechanics, is both a wave and a particle at the same time. How is that possible? Moreover, they say that it …
Light - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that shows properties of both waves and particles. It is a form of energy. Light also keeps the Earth warm. Light exists in tiny energy packets called …
Light - New World Encyclopedia
Sunlight comes around a cloud. In common usage, the term light (or visible light) refers to electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range that is visible to the human eye (about …
