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| ju 86 high altitude: Junkers Ju 388 Christoph Vernaleken, Martin Handig, 2006 The Junkers Ju 388 was a high-altitude aircraft developed from the Ju 88. In its bomber and reconnaissance versions it would elude enemy fighters by flying high, while as a heavy fighter and night-fighter it was to intercept the Boeing B-29 and the feared DeHavilland Mosquito. In developing this last member of the Ju 88 family, the Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke was able to draw on a wealth of experience with high-altitude aircraft such as the Ju 49, EF 61 and Ju 86 P/R. The Luftwaffe had great plans for the Ju 388. In the summer of 1944 it was one of the five remaining aircraft types in Delivery Plan 226, along with the Me 262, Ar 234, Ta 152 and Do 335. These five types were to fill all roles. With the exception of the Ju 388, all of these aircraft have been dealt with extensively in aviation literature. This book closes a gap in the available literature, reconstructing for the first time from original documents the complete story of the Ju 388. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Combat in the Stratosphere Steven Taylor, 2024-05-30 In the summer of 1940, a new German aircraft began appearing in the skies over the British Isles. Unlike the rest of the Luftwaffes fleet in the Battle of Britain, these aircraft were flying at a height of 40,000 feet and higher way beyond the reach of the RAFs defending fighters. These virtually untouchable intruders were examples of the Junkers Ju 86P. The worlds first operational combat aeroplane equipped with a pressurized cabin, they were able to reach a maximum altitude of 42,000 feet. The Ju 86Ps introduction ushered in a new era of aerial warfare, where combat would take place at previously unimaginable heights. The Ju 86P was just one of many high-altitude aircraft projects developed by both the Axis and Allied powers during the Second World War. Others included the Vickers Wellington Mk.VI, Vickers Windsor, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Junkers Ju 388, Heinkel He 274 and Henschel Hs 130. With pressurized cabins, such aircraft offered obvious tactical advantages: bombers and reconnaissance aircraft could operate safely above the maximum ceiling of the opposing sides fighters, prompting intense development especially by the British and Germans of pressurized interceptors to meet the threat they posed. Combat in the Stratosphere is the first book devoted exclusively to exploring the fascinating story of the development and operational history of aircraft designed specifically for high-altitude operations during the Second World War. But this is not a book solely about the machines themselves. It also focuses on the men who flew these revolutionary aircraft, both in the testing phase and in combat, and the physical challenges these courageous airmen faced, as they pushed themselves to the very edge of physical endurance in this desperate race to reach ever higher altitudes. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including air combat reports, British Cabinet files and Air Ministry documents, as well as first-hand accounts of aeronautical engineers and the pilots who flew these aircraft, Combat in the Stratosphere reveals the full story of this largely overlooked aspect of Second World War air warfare, high above the skies of Europe, North Africa, the Soviet Union and Japan. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Spyplanes Norman Polmar, John F. Bessette, 2016-12-20 A comprehensive history with descriptions of the world's most significant aircraft employed as eyes in the sky.For as long as there has been sustained heavier-than-air human flight, airplanes have been used to gather information about our adversaries. Less than a decade after the Wright Brothers flew at Kitty Hawk, Italian pilots were keeping tabs on Turkish foes in Libya. Today, aircraft with specialized designs and sensory equipment still cruise the skies, spying out secrets in the never-ending quest for an upper hand.Spyplanes tackles the sprawling legacy of manned aerial reconnaissance, from hot air balloons to cloth-and-wood biplanes puttering over the Western Front, and on through every major world conflict, culminating with spyplanes cruising at supersonic speeds 85,000 feet above the Earth's surface. Authors Norman Polmar and John Bessette offer a concise yet comprehensive overview history of aerial recon, exploring considerations such as spyplanes in military doctrine, events like the Cuban Missile Crisis and the downing of Francis Gary Powers' U-2, the 1992 Open Skies Treaty, and the USAF's Big Safari program.Polmar and Bessette, along with a roster of respected aviation journalists, also profile 70 renowned fixed-wing spyplanes from World I right up to the still-conceptual hypersonic SR-72. The authors examine the design, development, and service history of each aircraft, and offer images and specification boxes that detail vital stats for each. Included are purpose-built spyplanes, as well as legendary fighters and bombers that have been retrofitted for the purpose. In addition, the authors feature preliminary chapters discussing the history of aerial surveillance and a host of sidebars that explore considerations such as spyplanes in military doctrine, events like the Cuban missile crisis and the downing of Francis Gary Powers' U-2, the 1992 Open Skies Treaty, and the USAF's current Big Safari program.From prop-driven to jet-powered aircraft, this is the ultimate history and reference to those eyes in the skies that have added mind-bending technologies, not to mention an element of intrigue, to military aviation for more than a century. |
| ju 86 high altitude: RAF Training Command Keith Wilson, 2022-05-15 A profusely illustrated history of the command responsible for the RAF’s flying and ground training. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Hidden Weapons Basil Collier, 2006-03-01 In his Foreword, Professor Jones writes 'Mr Collier takes the opportunity to review the contributions of all forms of Intelligence, and the use and misuse that was made of them, in all the major phases of World War II. His task has required very wide reading of the great volume of original documents and derivative literature now available, and I admire the judgement that is evident throughout the book. Within the limits of treating the widest aspects of Intelligence in World War II in a small compass, Mr Collier has told the whole truth, fortunately without it turning out to be very unfavorable; and in the lessons to be drawn from it we indeed have one element of security if properly applied'.Basil Collier throws fresh light on the low priority given to Intelligence between the wars; the tendency of ministers and senior officials to rely less on intelligence reports than their own individual hunches; the failure to foresee the invasion of Norway; why, even with the aid of Enigma it was impossible to turn the scales in Crete, and why the Americans, though privy to some of Japans most closely guarded secrets, allowed the Pearl Harbor attack to take them by surprise. |
| ju 86 high altitude: The Supermarine Spitfire MKV Lance Cole, 2018-07-30 The story of the Supermarine Spitfire has been told across many years and the debate about it is enduring, yet the Spitfire remains a true icon. For aviation enthusiasts, for historians, for modellers, the word Spitfire conjures many stories and affections. This book presents the Spitfire enthusiast with an up-to-date history of the Spitfire not just in its design and application in war, but also as a flying memorial and as an aero modellers vital focus.The text examines recently revealed forgotten aspects of the Spitfire story; by combining the elements of design, the story of a weapon of war and a revered scale model, this book frames an essential chapter in aviation history. Packed with original and contemporary images and information, and displaying unique Spitfire model collections, the narrative bridges an important gap and is a worthy addition to the FlightCraft series. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Jet Web Dietrich Eckardt, 2023-02-03 The present book describes the development history of turbojet engines, mainly in the web-type triangle Great Britain (USA) - Germany - Switzerland from early beginnings in the 1920s up to the first practical usage in the 1950s, before the still unbroken, grand impact of aero propulsion technology on global air traffic started. interconnections are highlighted, including the considerable impact of axial-flow compressor design know-how of the Swiss/German company BBC Brown Boveri & Cie. on both sides. The author reveals significant undercurrents which led to a considerable exchange, and thus change in understanding of the technical-historical perspective, especially in the decisive years before WWII, and thus closes gaps in the unilateral views of this ground-breaking technical advancement. The old ‘Whittle vs. von Ohain Saga’ is not repeated in full, but addressed in sufficient detail to understand the considerably enlarged narrative scope. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Operation Barbarossa: the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation Volume IIA Nigel Askey, 2013-11-01 Operation Barbarossa: Volume IIA concerns the Wehrmacht. All the significant German weapon systems and combat squads used in the campaign are analysed using the quantitative methodology detailed in Volume I, along with the contextual history. An assessment of each weapon system's inherent 'combat power' is provided, as well as attributes such as the relative anti-tank, anti-personnel and anti-aircraft values. Volume IIA then focuses on the detailed Kriegstarkenachweisungen (KStN, or TOE) for German land units (including those in the West), as well as the unit's actual organisation and equipment. All significant units in the German Army (Heer), Waffen SS, Luftwaffe and security forces are included; ranging from the largest panzer divisions, down to small anti-aircraft companies, military-police units, Landesschutzen battalions, and rail-road and construction companies. In all cases the data is presented in detailed tables, using the weapon systems and combat squads previously analysed. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Kites, Birds & Stuff - Aircraft of GERMANY - I to M P. D. Stemp, 2014-12-20 The aviation history of German aircraft from the very early days to the present. Details of around five hundred and twenty four aircraft. From the 1st. World War types and the 2nd. World War aircraft. Fighters, bombers, reconnaissance, trainers, civil types. Landplanes, seaplanes, airships, rockets, bombs - lots of stuff. An archive of information.Thye series of books comes in four volumes. In this volume some of the larger companies include: - Junkers - Klemm - LFG Roland - Lippisch - LVG - Messerschmitt plus many others. There are around 524 pictures & 195 plan diagrams. Details on some one thousand and fourteen individual aircraft - Enjoy. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Operation Barbarossa: the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation Volume IIB Nigel Askey, 2014-08-26 Volume IIB is the second volume relating to (and completing) the Wehrmacht, and the German mobilisation and war-economy, from June to December 1941. It includes the most detailed Orders of Battle ever published on the German Heer, Luftwaffe, Waffen SS and Kriegsmarine, in all areas of the Reich, between 22nd June and 4th July 1941. Even small and obscure units are included, such as: flak companies, artillery HQs, observation battalions, bridging columns, Landesschutzen battalions, MP battalions, railroad companies, and Luftwaffe Kurierstaffeln, Verbindungsstaffeln and Sanitatsflugbereitschaften. The Luftwaffe OOBs also include details on aircraft types and strengths in each air unit. |
| ju 86 high altitude: The assault ship of the X MAS Flotilla of the Italian Royal Navy Francesco Mattesini, 2024-10-18 In World War I, the Italian Regia Marina, employed the first rudimentary assault craft in the Adriatic, achieving flattering successes. The experiences gained were then enhanced from 1935 onward when the Regia Marina resumed the study and construction of insidious offensive means, including the Long-Course Torpedoes (SLCs). Called vulgarly “Maiali” (Pigs), the SLCs were later accompanied, by explosive barges, very fast MAS, special submarines. And still very effective departments of raiders, often dependent on the various MAS flotillas. Among them the Xa was the one that covered itself with greater glory in the attacks conducted on Gibraltar and Alexandria. In this book we tell the story of all these men and their special vehicles. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Intelligence and Military Operations Michael Handel, 2013-09-13 Traditionally the military community held the intelligence profession in low esteem, spying was seen as dirty work and information was all to often ignored if it conflicted with a commander's own view. Handel examines the ways in which this situation has improved and argues that co-operation between the intelligence adviser and the military decision maker is vital. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Kites, Birds & Stuff - Aircraft of GERMANY - JUNKERS Aircraft Peter D. Stemp, 2014-12-13 A detailed history of Junkers aircraft. From their very early years, through the war years and beyond. Specifications on performance, dimensions, weights, engines, armament, prototypes, first flights, plus other relevant details. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Blitz on Britain 1939-45 Dr Alfred Price, 2016-07-22 During the latter half of the 1930s, the fear of a possible aerial knock-out on Great Britain became a dominating factor in the formulation of national policy. This text examines how justified these pre-war fears were in light of the Luftwaffe's capabilities in 1939 and describes the bombing attacks on Britain during the years that followed, together with the operations of the defences to parry them. From the start, the air defences proved able to take a heavy toll on the bombers attacking Britain by day. By night it was a different matter. Initially, the fighter and gun defences were lucky if between them they were able to knock out one or two bombers out of three or four hundred involved in a night attack. From this poor beginning the defences improved out of all recognition and when the Germans launched a series of attacks on London early in 1944, it cost them one bomber and four trained crewmen for every five British civilians killed. Blitz on Britain makes compelling reading for anyone interested in the Luftwaffe's wartime raids on Britain, and how the air defences ultimately succeeded in defeating this long running aerial onslaught. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Luftwaffe KG 200 Geoffrey J. Thomas, Barry Ketley, 2015-09-15 Shrouded in secrecy during World War II and obscured by myth ever since, Kampfgeschwader 200 (200th Bomb Wing) remains one of the Luftwaffe's most fascinating formations. Considered a special-operations unit, KG 200 delivered spies while flying captured Allied aircraft, conducted clandestine reconnaissance missions, and tested Germany's newest weapons--such as a piloted version of the V-1 rocket (essentially a German kamikaze). Covers some of the KG 200's more sinister operations, including suicide missions and the unit's role in defeating a French Resistance insurrection in June-July 1944 Includes information on aircraft used and known personnel losses Features rare photos and color illustrations of KG 200 aircraft |
| ju 86 high altitude: Certified Brave Robert H. Sherwood, 2004 Certified Brave presents the story of 10 disparate personalities. The bonding of these seemingly ill assorted men into a dedicated, effective combat crew, is our subject. In reportorial, conversational style we get to know each crew member and his duties. We see how the B-24 ''Liberator'' operates. We follow the crew from over confident early missions to the suspicion that none of them can live through the required 25 to 35 missions. You'll see the triumph of the human spirit. The crew keeps on flying - they could quit at any time. Yet each man has a personal break point. If necessary each man hopes to die well protecting the plane and the crew. He hopes to hang onto his mind in the process. The biological animal says run away, protect life. The intelligent animal says get out here now, forget duty. I'll help you. There is time seized for love in the infrequent 40 hour passes to wicked London and ancient England. For a short time you would allow yourself to believe you might live. Ones airplane became to each of the crew a magic and near living thing. As they boarded she was just a pile of metal devoid of life. With cough of one starting engine the fuselage would plane shudder awake and the plane would become a powerful machine making the crew feel vital and brave. Hurt the plane with flak and cannon shell and the crew felt a sense of outrage. Their child was abused. The book is all action: You'll be there for D-Day. You'll see the 5000 ship invasion fleet and the 8000 plus assorted allied aircraft. You'll hear H.M.S. Rodney's nine 16 inch guns from 4 miles up an dover plane's engines firing on shore targets. Later, you'll be attacked by Me 163's. The rocket powered fighter with only enough fuel for 7 minutes of powered flight. Another time you'd be attacked by aerial rockets fired from first line fighters. Surface to air missiles such as ''Wasserfall'' will try to end your life. You will suffer from the dangerous cold, as low as minus 70 deg. F. You'll feel the effects of the oxygen thin air. 4 miles up the sun is twice as bright as it is on the earth. Your corneas will fry if unprotected. You have to continually search for the little black specks that are enemy fighters. You'll have a grandstand seat for the bombing of massed German troops at the time of the breaking of the 6 weeks stalemate in the St. Lo area. For the first time perhaps you'll know now a distinguished General was killed by our bombs. The book has lots of little known technical facts. For instance see how the dreaded Me 262 was robbed of it's power by the use of short barrel ''Rhinemetal'' canon. There is humor and joy and love between the battles. It should be there. That's the way it was. As to technical material not covered in other books: -Explosive more powerful than T.N.T. -The crew use of sulfanilamide on a daily basis -The contents of escape kits including the ''L'' pill. -All airmen were armed with a .45 pistol. They were only given 5 rounds. This was intended to deliver the crew member from a pitchfork wielding angry mob if captured. -V1 and V2 and V3 weapons. Their design and employment. -Operation of the Me 163 rocket airplane. The fuel, the landing and take off routine, and the high mortality of the pilots. -Our use of booby trap bomb fuses. -The use of nitroglycerine and metro balloons. -The joke of Swiss neutrality. -Operation of the Nordon bombsight |
| ju 86 high altitude: Air Pictorial , 1992-07 |
| ju 86 high altitude: Stalin's Falcons Dmitry Zubov, 2024-06-13 In this stunning exposé, Dmitry Zubov reveals the dark truth of the terrible losses suffered by Soviet flyers, the inferiority of the Russian aircraft on World War II's Eastern Front, and the almost slave-like conditions in which those aircraft were made. The Soviet history of the Second World War, written under the conditions of a totalitarian regime, reflected all its features, with the result that it includes solid sets of patriotic fables that have no connection with reality. Many of the events of the war were distorted beyond recognition or even made up from beginning to end. Archives containing original documents were available only to selected, specially verified KGB ‘historians’ who presented only the version of the war that was acceptable to the Soviet regime. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the process of declassifying archives and gaining wide access to information gradually began to reveal the terrible truth of the crimes of the Soviet regime. One of which, of course, was the incompetent leadership of the Red Army, which led to massive loss of life across the military and civilians alike. However, the consequences of decades of Soviet propaganda had a strong impact on both Russian and world historical science. Because of this, not only Russian, but, unfortunately, many European and American historians found themselves repeating the Soviet myths they had been fed. The history of Soviet fighter aircraft did not escape this fate. The tale of Stalin’s so-called ‘Falcons’, who allegedly shot down dozens and even hundreds of Luftwaffe aircraft, was persistently drummed into the heads of many generations of Russian people. These heroes, supposedly, flew Soviet fighters whose technical characteristics were many times superior to their German counterparts, with the result that Luftwaffe aces were reportedly afraid of meeting them in the air. These primitive propaganda clichés became a model for describing the actions of Stalin’s fighter aircraft. In this stunning exposé, Stalin’s Falcons reveals the stark and dark truth of the terrible losses suffered by Soviet flyers, the inferiority of the Russian aircraft and the almost slave-like conditions in which those aircraft were made. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Heroes of the Skies Michael Ashcroft, 2012-09-13 Since the dawn of aerial combat in the First World War, the heroism of the men who put their lives at risk in the air has known no bounds. There were no more heroic airmen than the fighter pilots and bomber crews of the Second World War - men who sacrificed their own lives in order to save their crew or who, although in extreme pain, managed to get their aircraft home rather than risk becoming PoWs. In telling the stories of more than eighty such men, Heroes of the Skies paints a picture of aerial combat from the First World War right through to Afghanistan, and allows us to celebrate the extraordinary feats of our flying heroes. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Bibliography of Scientific and Industrial Reports , 1947 |
| ju 86 high altitude: The Axis Air Forces Frank Joseph, 2011-11-29 This comprehensive volume tells the rarely recounted stories of the numerous foreign air forces that supported the German Luftwaffe as part of the Axis' quest to dominate the European and Pacific theaters—a highly compelling and often overlooked chapter of World War II history. The Axis Air Forces: Flying in Support of the German Luftwaffe presents an untold history of that global conflict's little-known combatants, who nonetheless contributed significantly to the war's outcome. While most other books only attempt to address this subject in passing, author Frank Joseph provides not only an extremely comprehensive account of the unsung heroes of the Axis fliers, but also describes the efforts of Axis air forces such as those of the Iraqi, Manchurian, Thai or Chinese—specific groups of wartime aviators that have never been discussed before at length. This book examines the distinct but allied Axis air forces of Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. An extensive introduction provides coverage of Luftwaffe volunteers from Greece, Lithuania, Holland, Denmark, Norway and even the United States. Detailed descriptions of the personnel themselves and the aircraft they operated are portrayed against the broader scope of combat missions, field operations, and military campaigns, supplying invaluable historical perspective on the importance of their sorties. |
| ju 86 high altitude: A Century of Triumph Christopher Chant, 2002 On December 17, 1903, on the windswept beaches of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville Wright piloted the world's first powered flight, in one of the most famous moments in history. Within a few short years, airplanes of various designs were lifting into the air over Europe and America. Soon, the entire world was caught up in the fevered advance of flight and airplanes, Zeppelins, autogyros and helicopters were making the world a much smaller place. To celebrate the first full century of powered flight premier aviation historian Christopher Chant and world-famous illustrator John Batchelor have joined forces to showcase an astonishing march of progress. From the early experiments of gliderman Otto Lilienthal to the moon walk of Neil Armstrong, it has indeed been A Century of Triumph. From the golden age of Zeppelins to the extreme design experiments of World War II to the fierce modernism of supersonic fighter jets, A CENTURY OF TRIUMPH demonstrates the full richness of mankind's flying craft. In addition to Batchelor's illustrations, the book features never-before-published vintage watercolour posters of pre-World War I aviation races and a treasure trove of photographs. Chant's text combines full histories of the planes themselves with biographical essays on some of the great figures of the twentieth century: the Barnstormers, Igor Sikorsky, Amelia Earhart, Chuck Yeager, and the Apollo XVII astronauts, among others. A CENTURY OF TRUMPH is a visual and factual feast for anyone who marvels at the majesty of flying. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Confidential Documents United States. Army Air Forces, 1936 |
| ju 86 high altitude: German Warplanes of World War II Christopher Chant, 1999 This illustrated book contains the most famous and important military aircraft that flew for the Luftwaffe in World War II. The accompanying text provides details on the aircraft's design and development history. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Air Combat Legends: Supermarine Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf109 , 2004 |
| ju 86 high altitude: Hungarian Soldier vs Soviet Soldier Péter Mujzer, 2021-07-22 On 26 June 1941, unidentified bombers attacked the Hungarian town of Kassa, prompting Hungary to join its Axis partners in Operation Barbarossa, Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. Hungary's contribution to Barbarossa was designated the Carpathian Group, its most powerful component being the Mobile Corps, which fielded motorized rifle, cavalry, bicycle and light armoured troops. The Hungarians faced Soviet forces belonging to the Kiev Military District, deployed in four armies along a 940km-long front. On the defeated side in World War I, Hungary had seen its borders redrawn and its armed forces constrained by treaty, but was determined to recover territories lost to adjoining countries. When Hungary decided to participate in Operation Barbarossa, however, the Royal Hungarian Army was deployed in the Soviet Union and not against its neighbours. Meanwhile, the Red Army, while remaining among the most formidable armies of the era, had been seriously weakened by successive purges, its shortcomings exposed by the Winter War against Finland in 1939–40. During the opening battles (4–13 July), the Hungarian motorized rifle and armoured units clashed with the withdrawing Red Army forces. In the battle for Uman (15 July–8 August) the Hungarians blocked the Soviet troops' efforts to break out from encirclement. During the Hungarian defensive operation at the River Dniepr (30 August–6 October), counter-attacking Soviet units exerted heavy pressure on the defending Hungarians. Both sides would seek to draw lessons from these opening battles as the war in the East continued to rage into 1942. Fully illustrated, this book investigates the Hungarian and Soviet soldiers who fought in three battles of the Barbarossa campaign, casting new light on the role played by the forces of Nazi Germany's allies on the Eastern Front. |
| ju 86 high altitude: In Furious Skies Tim Heath, 2022-09-21 When a proud Adolf Hitler revealed his new Luftwaffe to the world in March 1935, it was the largest, most modern military air arm the world had seen. Equipped with the latest monoplane fighter and bomber aircraft manned by well-trained and motivated crews, it soon became evident that the Luftwaffe also possessed a high degree of technical superiority over Germany’s future enemies. Yet within just nine years the once-mightiest air force in the world had reached total collapse, destroyed in part by the very people responsible for creating it. By 1944, the Luftwaffe, wearied by aerial battles on multiple fronts combined with tactical mismanagement from the highest levels of command, were unable to match their enemies in both production and manpower. By this time the Luftwaffe was fighting for its survival, and for the survival of Germany itself, above the burning cities of the Third Reich, facing odds sometimes as high as ten-to-one in the air. Told through the eyes of the fighter and bomber crews themselves, this book explores previously unpublished first-hand accounts of the rise and fall of one of the most formidable air forces in twentieth-century military history. It paints a haunting picture of the excitement, fear, romance intertwined with the brutality, futility and wastefulness that is war. |
| ju 86 high altitude: The Petlyakov Pe-2 Peter C. Smith, 2020-03-30 The definitive book on the development and deployment of the Soviet Union’s supreme dive-bomber—with rare archival and private photos. During the Second World War, the Petlyakov Pe-2 Peshka was the Soviet Union’s main dive- and light-bomber in operations across the Eastern Front. It became a mainstay of the Soviet counteroffensive that led to the fall of Berlin. They also led the way in the brief but annihilating Manchurian campaign against Japan in the closing days of the war in 1945. Conceived by a team of top aircraft designers whom Stalin had incarcerated on political charges, the Peshka had originally been designed as a high-altitude twin-engine fighter plane. But due to the outstanding success of the German Stukas in the Blitzkrieg, it was quickly transformed into the fastest dive-bomber in the skies. Only a handful had reached front lines by the start of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941. But by 1945, more than 11,000 of the type were built, including many variants. Many of these remained in service with the air forces of Yugoslavia and the Warsaw Pact countries into the 1950s. Using official sources, including the official Pe-2 handbook, as well as rare color and black-and-white photographs from both official and private collections, this is the definitive record of the Pe-2. |
| ju 86 high altitude: De Havilland Mosquito Philip Birtles, 2017-04-20 Previously unpublished accounts from the designers, builders and aircrew of the de Havilland MosquitoMany contemporary and previously unpublished photographsComprehensive details on the conversation of surviving aircraft De Havilland Mosquito: The Original Multirole Combat Aircraft covers the creation, design and development of this beloved aircraft. Built in Britain, Canada and Australia, the Mosquito saw extensive service in Britain, Europe and Asia throughout the Second World War. It was initially designed as a twin-Rolls-Royce Merlin-powered unarmed bomber (with a two-man crew), but the aircraft’s versatility allowed it to carry out many more functions. The additional roles of the Mosquito included path finding and photo reconnaissance; acting as a night fighter, an intruder, or a fighter bomber; electronic counter measures and naval operations; and high-speed courier missions. This book is essential for those seeking to study this iconic British aircraft, featuring the experiences of Mosquito designers, construction workers and aircrew. It also contains many original, contemporary and previously unpublished photographs, which cover the aircraft’s service with RAF squadrons and overseas air forces in its many varied roles. For reference, there are detailed appendices describing production, the specifications of each variant, the RAF and RN units equipped with the type, and details of Mosquitos that survive today. |
| ju 86 high altitude: To Save An Army Robert Forsyth, 2022-11-10 Using the diaries of Luftwaffe commanders, rare contemporary photographs and other previously unpublished sources, Robert Forsyth analyzes the human, strategic, tactical and technical elements of one of the most dramatic operations arranged by the Luftwaffe. Stalingrad ranks as one of the most infamous, savage and emotive battles of the 20th century. It has consumed military historians since the 1950s and has inspired many books and much debate. This book tells the story of the operation mounted by the Luftwaffe to supply, by airlift, the trapped and exhausted German Sixth Army at Stalingrad in the winter of 1942/43. The weather conditions faced by the flying crews, mechanics, and soldiers on the ground were appalling, but against all odds, and a resurgent and active Soviet air force, the transports maintained a determined presence over the ravaged city on the Volga, even when the last airfields in the Stalingrad pocket had been lost. Yet, even the daily figure of 300 tons of supplies, needed by Sixth Army just to subsist, proved over-ambitious for the Luftwaffe which battled against a lack of transport capacity, worsening serviceability, and increasing losses in badly needed aircraft. Using previously unpublished diaries, original Luftwaffe reports and specially commissioned artwork, this gripping battle is told in detail through the eyes of the Luftwaffe commanders and pilots who fought to keep the Sixth Army alive and supplied. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Propaganda Postcards of the Luftwaffe James Wilson, 2007-03-30 Propaganda Postcards of the Luftwaffe focuses on the efforts of the powerful Nazi propaganda machine to promote the technical achievements and might of the then newly created German airforce. The Luftwaffe had been announced to the world in March 1935, despite the restrictions contained in the Versailles Treaty signed after the First World War denying Germany the right to develop military aircraft. All major aircraft types used by the Luftwaffe together with many lesser known, obscure and secondary types are represented in this book. There is a section covering the main figures of the Luftwaffe and the leading aces who flew the aircraft. The German Air and Propaganda ministries worked together and, using professional photographers produced quality images, which were then made available to the general public in an attempt to inspire the nation and create strong moral. |
| ju 86 high altitude: From Lysander to Lightning Glyn Davies, 2014-06-02 The Lysander, Canberra, Lightning and Folland Gnat are massive names in the world of aviation, but not so their designer, ‘Teddy’ Petter. Only three aspects bound together these top-class aircraft: they were each radical, all successful in Britain and overseas, and were all born of the genius of Teddy Petter. This book tells the story of Petter’s life and family, from his ability to inspire loyalty in his teams to his tendencies to his eccentricities, right down to his retirement to a religious commune in France. Here Davies not only explores his life, but also expands on the nature of his remarkable aircraft, and why they were so legendary. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Aerosphere , 1943 Includes advertising matter. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Oral History of Germans Taken To The USSR With Their Obsolete DFS 346-Part 3 David Myhra PhD, 2013-09-28 This is an oral history of several dozens of German aviation designers and engineers that were taken to the Soviet Union in October 1946 along with their DFS 346. The information contained here-in has never been made public until now. Dr Myhra traveled to all the places mentioned and with the assistance of language interpreters Margarita Reck of Salem-Neufrach, West Germany and Gerhard Hopf of Naples, FL, was able to communicate with the German-speaking engineers and designers. These are the unedited transcriptions of the actual conversations. Very interesting material! Enjoy all 5 parts of this rare and informative conversation collection! |
| ju 86 high altitude: Air University Review , 1983-03 |
| ju 86 high altitude: Hungarian army at the Barbarossa campaign in 1941 Péter Mujzer, 2024-10-16 Early hours of 22 June 1941, under the codename of “Barbarossa” Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union. At the time of the attack, approximately 3.6 million German and Axis soldiers with 3600 armoured vehicles, 7100 artillery pieces, and 2700 aircraft crossed the Soviet frontier. The Army Group South manpower had the highest number added non-German Forces; 325000 Romanian troops, later on, augmented with 96000 Hungarian, 62000 Italian, and 45000 Slovakian soldiers. The opposing Soviet forces were better prepared than the other Red Army units along the border. The Kiev Military District, under the leadership of Colonel-General Kirponos, was responsible for manning the 940km long line of defence. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Stormy Life Ernst Heinkel, 1956 |
| ju 86 high altitude: Whirlwind Niall Corduroy , 2017-01-21 Faster and better armed than the Spitfire, the Whirlwind was the RAF s response to a new generation of armoured German bombers which it expected to meet over England in 1940. A few months after its first flight, 1,000 Whirlwinds were ordered, but nine months later the RAF cancelled the entire programme. Just 114 were built, but they went on to have a distinguished three-year career from the uneasy months following the Battle of Britain to their final sorties against Hitler s V-weapon sites in France. Based on original research from military and corporate archives, this groundbreaking study throws new light on why the RAF had such high hopes for the Whirlwind, but was then prepared to cancel it. It exposes for the first time the political and corporate wrangling that surrounded the Whirlwind programme, while bringing a fresh perspective to the aircraft s valiant operational history, calling on German records and Ultra signals. Attacking railways, shipping, torpedo boats and airfields, often against fierce opposition, the Whirlwind squadrons flew with outstanding courage and determination, regarding themselves, justifiably, as a privileged elite within Fighter Command the fewest of the few . In its thorough research and captivating style, Whirlwind: Westland s Enigmatic Fighter is a fitting tribute to the designers, engineers and pilots who believed in the Whirlwind, and made it glorious. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Ultimate Allied Fighters of the Second World War Justo Miranda, 2024-01-07 During the five years of the Second World War, the power of engines and speed of aircraft increased as much as it did during twenty years of peacetime. Conventional aircraft and engines reached the limits marked in the original design and surpassed them, very fast. The basis for this huge achievement was exotic fuels, short-lived artificially overpowered engines, propellers with four, five, and even six blades, and thinner wings with special sections of laminar flow. Then the faster Allied fighters began to be attacked by a demon that lived in the air: scientists called it compressibility buffeting and different type of aircraft suffered it at different speeds and manifested itself in different ways. The American and British designers never understood the true causes behind the aerodynamic phenomenon. They were forced to adopt brute force solutions by increasing engine power on the turbojet powered fighters, leaving in the background the research on the last projects of fighters, driven by monster piston engines. The purpose of this book is to present them to the public, for its notable interest. |
| ju 86 high altitude: Air Raid! Michael J. F. Bowyer, 1986 En gennemgang af luftkrigen som den påvirkede forholdene i East Anglia, der var udsat for utallige angreb mod byer, havne og flyvepladser. |
/ju/这个注音到底是双元音还是辅音呢？ - 知乎
/ju/是国际音标对一个音节的记录，国际音标/j/代表的音是一个辅音（硬颚近音），/u/是元音（後高圆唇元音）。
知乎 - 有问题，就会有答案
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
英文单词中，/jʊ/ 和 /ju/ 是同一个发音吗？ - 知乎
例如：单词 Europe 中 /jʊ/ 和 student 中的 /ju/ 为什么是不同的呢？PS：字母 U 的发音是 /ju/。
在使用拼音输入法时「句」的拼音字母应打为 “ju” 还是 “jv”
Nov 12, 2019 · 打为“ju”，这是根据音节的拼写规则来的。（具体可以参考《汉语拼音方案》中，对普通话音节的拼写规定。） 这种情况属于拼写中的省写，具体是“v”上两点的省略。 “v”跟n、l …
为什么单词的发音中/jə/听着像/ju/呢？ - 知乎
Oct 10, 2021 · 为什么/ ˈækjərət /、/ ɪɡˈzekjətɪv /、/ ˈtɜːrbjələns /等单词的发音中jə听着像ju呢？
/ju:/为什么能拼读成you? - 知乎
/ju:/为什么就能读you，麻烦说的清楚一点，谢谢 显示全部
有种说法说：美语不发 /ju/，认为没有 /ju/ 这个元音，而发 /u/， …
new /nu:/ 是美音一个特点，现在英国受影响也很明显，你说查词典看到是/ju/,我在十几个词典里仅仅看到ODE这种更权威、更新 ...
G的读音是读ji还是读ju？ - 知乎
我就不说太多术语了，你感受一下，发普通话的ji的时候，舌头往后缩一点，让舌头和上颚的接触点稍微靠前一些，这时候最自然的状态，嘴唇应该是微微拢起的（可能就是因为这个微微拢起， …
为什么 doro 在中国互联网语境中成为苦情角色了？ - 知乎
在中国互联网语境中，doro 被视为一种苦情角色，与橘子产生了意外联系。
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
/ju/这个注音到底是双元音还是辅音呢？ - 知乎
/ju/是国际音标对一个音节的记录，国际音标/j/代表的音是一个辅音（硬颚近音），/u/是元音（後高圆唇元音）。
知乎 - 有问题，就会有答案
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
英文单词中，/jʊ/ 和 /ju/ 是同一个发音吗？ - 知乎
例如：单词 Europe 中 /jʊ/ 和 student 中的 /ju/ 为什么是不同的呢？PS：字母 U 的发音是 /ju/。
在使用拼音输入法时「句」的拼音字母应打为 “ju” 还是 “jv”
Nov 12, 2019 · 打为“ju”，这是根据音节的拼写规则来的。（具体可以参考《汉语拼音方案》中，对普通话音节的拼写规定。） 这种情况属于拼写中的省写，具体是“v”上两点的省略。 “v”跟n、l …
为什么单词的发音中/jə/听着像/ju/呢？ - 知乎
Oct 10, 2021 · 为什么/ ˈækjərət /、/ ɪɡˈzekjətɪv /、/ ˈtɜːrbjələns /等单词的发音中jə听着像ju呢？
/ju:/为什么能拼读成you? - 知乎
/ju:/为什么就能读you，麻烦说的清楚一点，谢谢 显示全部
有种说法说：美语不发 /ju/，认为没有 /ju/ 这个元音，而发 /u/， …
new /nu:/ 是美音一个特点，现在英国受影响也很明显，你说查词典看到是/ju/,我在十几个词典里仅仅看到ODE这种更权威、更新 ...
G的读音是读ji还是读ju？ - 知乎
我就不说太多术语了，你感受一下，发普通话的ji的时候，舌头往后缩一点，让舌头和上颚的接触点稍微靠前一些，这时候最自然的状态，嘴唇应该是微微拢起的（可能就是因为这个微微拢起， …
为什么 doro 在中国互联网语境中成为苦情角色了？ - 知乎
在中国互联网语境中，doro 被视为一种苦情角色，与橘子产生了意外联系。
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G？ - 知乎
C盘APPData目录如何清理，目前占用了几十G。C盘已经飘红了。
