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| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , 2006 This dictionary is the definitive starting point for research on any topic, place or person in the Bible, with emphasis on the crucial theological concepts. Based on the NSRV. -- publisher's website. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible David Noel Freedman, Allen C. Myers, 2000-12-31 The Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible gathers nearly 5,000 alphabetically ordered articles that thoroughly yet clearly explain all the books, persons, places, and significant terms found in the Bible. The Dictionary also explores the background of each biblical book and related writings and discusses cultural, natural, geographical, and literary phenomenae matters that Bible students at all levels may encounter in reading or discussion. Nearly 600 first-rate Bible authorities have contributed to the Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Intended as a tool for practical Bible use, this illustrated dictionary reflects recent archaeological discoveries and the breadth of current biblical scholarship, including insights from critical analysis of literary, historical, sociological, and other methodological issues. The editorial team has also incorporated articles that explore and interpret important focuses of biblical theology, text and transmission, Near Eastern archaeology, extrabiblical writings, and pertinent ecclesiastical traditions - all of which help make the Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible the most comprehensive and up-to-date one-volume Bible dictionary on the market today. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Handbook of Women Biblical Interpreters Marion Ann Taylor, Agness Choi, 2012-10-01 Word Guild 2012 Canadian Christian Writing Award Honorable Mention, The Grace Irwin Prize (2013) 2012 Book of the Year Award, Foreword Magazine The history of women interpreters of the Bible is a neglected area of study. Marion Taylor presents a one-volume reference tool that introduces readers to a wide array of women interpreters of the Bible from the entire history of Christianity. Her research has implications for understanding biblical interpretation--especially the history of interpretation--and influencing contemporary study of women and the Bible. Contributions by 130 top scholars introduce foremothers of the faith who address issues of interpretation that continue to be relevant to faith communities today, such as women's roles in the church and synagogue and the idea of religious feminism. Women's interpretations also raise awareness about differences in the ways women and men may read the Scriptures in light of differences in their life experiences. This handbook will prove useful to ministers as well as to students of the Bible, who will be inspired, provoked, and challenged by the women introduced here. The volume will also provide a foundation for further detailed research and analysis. Interpreters include Elizabeth Rice Achtemeier, Saint Birgitta of Sweden, Catherine Mumford Booth, Anne Bradstreet, Catherine of Siena, Clare of Assisi, Egeria, Elizabeth I, Hildegard, Julian of Norwich, Thérèse of Lisieux, Marcella, Henrietta C. Mears, Florence Nightingale, Phoebe Palmer, Faltonia Betitia Proba, Pandita Ramabai, Christina Georgina Rossetti, Dorothy Leigh Sayers, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Harriet Beecher Stowe, St. Teresa of Avila, Sojourner Truth, and Susanna Wesley. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Metaphysical Bible Dictionary Charles Fillmore, 2013-07-17 A key to Charles Fillmore's original form of religious expression, this volume is a core text of the Unity movement and interprets the hidden meanings of the Bible's names, places, and events. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The New Interpreter's Bible Abingdon Press, 2002 Full texts and critical notes of the New International Version and the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible in parallel columns. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible Kevin J. Vanhoozer, 2005-11 This groundbreaking reference tool introduces key names, theories, and concepts for interpreting Scripture. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Holy Bible (NIV) Various Authors,, 2008-09-02 The NIV is the world's best-selling modern translation, with over 150 million copies in print since its first full publication in 1978. This highly accurate and smooth-reading version of the Bible in modern English has the largest library of printed and electronic support material of any modern translation. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible George Arthur Buttrick, 1962 An illustrated encyclopedia identifying and explaining all proper names and significant terms and subjects in the Holy Scriptures, including the Apocrypha, with attention to archaeological discoveries and researches into the life and faith of ancient times. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch T. Desmond Alexander, David W. Baker, 2010-05-11 Exploring the major themes and issues of the Pentateuch, this encyclopedic work offers authoritative overviews, detailed examinations and new insights from the world of the ancient Near East. Edited by T. Desmond Alexander and David W. Baker. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Mounce's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words William D. Mounce, 2009-12-15 For years, Vine’s Expository Dictionary has been the standard word study tool for pastors and laypeople, selling millions of copies. But sixty-plus years of scholarship have shed extensive new light on the use of biblical Greek and Hebrew, creating the need for a new, more accurate, more thorough dictionary of Bible words. William Mounce, whose Greek grammar has been used by more than 100,000 college and seminary students, is the editor of this new dictionary, which will become the layperson’s gold standard for biblical word studies. Mounce’s is ideal for the reader with limited or no knowledge of Greek or Hebrew who wants greater insight into the meanings of biblical words to enhance Bible study. It is also the perfect reference for busy pastors needing to quickly get at the heart of a word’s meaning without wading through more technical studies. What makes Mounce’s superior to Vine’s? The most accurate, in-depth definitions based on the best of modern evangelical scholarship Both Greek and Hebrew words are found under each English entry (Vine’s separates them) Employs both Strong’s and G/K numbering systems (Vine’s only uses Strong’s) Mounce’s accuracy is endorsed by leading scholars |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Harper's Bible Dictionary Society of Biblical Literature, 1985 Includes names, places, and subjects of the Bible, plus maps, charts, tables, and photographs. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Tyndale Bible Dictionary Walter A. Elwell, Philip W. Comfort, 2007-11 The Tyndale Bible Dictionary features the work of 139 Bible scholars in more than 1,000 articles. Thousands of cross-references enable users to find additional information and details about other topics. Includes pictures, maps, and illustrations. --From publisher's description. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , 2009 |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms, Second Edition Donald K. McKim, 2014-04-14 This second edition of the Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms provides a comprehensive guide to nearly 7,000 theological terms, 1,000 more terms than the first edition. McKim's succinct definitions cover a broad range of theological studies and related disciplines: contemporary theologies, biblical studies, church history, ethics, feminist theology, global theologies, hermeneutics, liberation theology, liturgy, ministry, philosophy, philosophy of religion, postcolonial theology, social sciences, spiritually, worship, and Protestant, Reformed, and Roman Catholic theologies. This new edition also includes cross-references that link readers to other related terms, commonly used scholarly abbreviations and abbreviations for canonical and deuterocanonical texts, an annotated bibliography, and a new introductory section that groups together terms and concepts, showing where they fit within particular theological categories. No other single volume provides the busy student, and the theologically experienced reader, with such easy access to so many theological definitions. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Self-interpreting Bible John Brown, 1831 |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: True to Our Native Land, Second Edition Brian K. Blount, Gay L. Byron, Emerson B. Powery, 2024-10-22 True to Our Native Land is a pioneering commentary on the New Testament that sets biblical interpretation firmly in the context of African American experience and concern. In this second edition, the scholarship is cutting-edge, updated, and expanded to be in tune with African American culture, education, and churches. The book calls into question many canons of traditional biblical research and highlights the role of the Bible in African American history, accenting themes of ethnicity, class, slavery, and African heritage as these play a role in Christian Scripture and the Christian odyssey of an emancipated people. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible G. A. Buttrick, 1981-12 All avenues of biblical inquiry are explored in this comprehensive reference source. Bibliogs. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Unfolding Drama of the Bible Bernhard W. Anderson, 1957 In this concise and accessible volume, newly revised, one of the most revered contemporary biblical theologians introduces the first-time reader to the dramatic sweep of the Bible in eight carefully crafted study sessions, reminding even veteran readers of the Bible's central messages. Study resources and discussion questions, now carefully updated, make this book the ideal resource for introductory Bible courses and adult inquirer classes. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: HarperCollins Bible Commentary - Revised Edition James L. Mays, 2000-11-21 The Bible –– sacred scripture, literary classic, historical document. No matter how it is viewed, it remains the basis of much of Western culture. This fully revised edition of the HarperCollins Bible Commentary is the most up–to–date reference book of its kind for understanding and interpreting the meaning of the Bible. The accessible and highly readable format sets a new standard for excellence. The Commentary covers all of the Hebrew Bible, as well as the books of the Apocrypha and those of the New Testament, and thus addresses the biblical canons of Judaism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. its innovative format covers the books of the Bible in three ways: General essays setting the literary, cultural, and historical context for the entire Bible Articles introducing major sections of the Bible Commentaries on the individual books themselves by the finest contemporary biblical scholars The HarperCollins Bible Commentary is unprecedented in its clarity, organization, and insight into the Bible. Helpful cross–references to its companion, the HarperCollins Bible Dictionary, mean that readers will have all they need to explore the riches of the Scriptures for years to come. Every section of the Commentary offers concise and authoritative guidance that will enable the reader to return to the text equipped to understand and appreciate the Bible more fully. Each of the eighty–three contributors to this splendid volume is a leading expert in his or her field and a member of the Society of Biblical Literature. They have produced a volume that belongs in homes, schools, houses of worship, and libraries –– wherever there is a Bible. General editor James L. Mays is the Cyrus McCormick Professor of Hebrew and the Old Testament Emeritus at Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. He has served as president of the Society of Biblical Literature and is a widely respected author and editor. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Faithful and True Greg Carey, 2022-01-31 “What in the world are we to make of the dizzying array of grand and grotesque images ‘revealed’ to an early Christ-follower named John? Enter the expert scholar-teacher Greg Carey as the perfect docent through Revelation’s stunning gallery. Carey orients us to a ‘faithful and true’ focus on the ‘faithful and true’ Christ—a vital corrective to fanciful and false readings of Revelation that remain wildly popular.”—F. Scott Spencer, author of Salty Wives, Spirited Mothers, and Savvy Widows What should modern readers make of the wildly fantastical Revelation to John? New Testament scholar Greg Carey offers an accessible guide to the daunting Book of Revelation, inviting us not to decode every symbol or tame every dragon, but rather to engage the urgent questions of power and loyalty. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Satan Ryan E. Stokes, 2019-07-09 Many people today think of Satan as a little red demon with a pointy tail and a pitchfork—but this vision of the devil developed over many centuries and would be foreign to the writers of the Old Testament, where this figure makes his first appearances. The earliest texts that mention the Satan—it is always “the Satan” in the Old Testament—portray him as an agent of Yahweh, serving as an executioner of evildoers. But over the course of time, the Satan came to be regarded more as God’s enemy than God’s agent and was blamed for a host of problems. Biblical scholar Ryan E. Stokes explains the development of the Satan tradition in the Hebrew scriptures and the writings of early Judaism, describing the interpretive and creative processes that transformed an agent of Yahweh into the archenemy of good. He explores how the idea of a heavenly Satan figure factored into the problem of evil and received the blame for all that is wrong in the world. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Meaning of Hesed in the Hebrew Bible Katharine Doob Sakenfeld, 2002 |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , 1962 |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Online with God C. Philip Chacko, 2021-11-02 “Theologically brilliant and astute . . . I highly recommend this persuasive biblical and scholarly treatment on the work of the triune God in the world.” —Dr. Saphir Athyal, Director of Faith & Development, World Vision International We often hear of God described as the Trinity: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Dr. Philip Chacko points out these three entities as the sides of a triangle, perfectly balanced around a center of love and peace. As God made humans in his image, it only makes sense that humans themselves are made up of triangles as well. Dr. Chacko theorizes that each of us holds four different triangles at our core, each concerned with a different element of our inner being. But as humans, our triangles are not perfectly balanced like that of God—but He is the one and only power whose force can balance our triangles into true harmony. In Online with God, Dr. Chacko explores how each of our inner triangles is wired, describes how we can discover them for ourselves, and explains the true value of connecting with God in order to do so. Through this connection with God, we reach deeper understanding of the self, achieve balance, and empower ourselves to be all that we have the potential to be. With Dr. Chacko’s vast knowledge of scripture and included forty-day devotional plan for further biblical understanding, Online with God stands as a thorough guide to connecting with the Creator, finding inner peace, and empowering the self for all that is to come. “Offers a succinct description of spirit and soul, mind, and body, and the relationship of these to the triangle of the Holy Trinity.” —Rev. Dr. Tamara Nichols Rodenberg, President, Bethany College |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: On Hermeneutics Robert Wadholm, 2017-07-23 The practice of interpreting texts is complex, and the problem is made worse when texts seem alien to the reader. How can we overcome barriers to understanding? Where do we start, and what must we do? And what is hermeneutics anyway? This beginner's handbook on hermeneutics provides a simple approach to textual interpretation, introducing a method that is holistic and humane, focused on listening and openness. We must take account of our presuppositions, analyze literary and historical-grammatical contexts, and organize our thoughts based on the meanings we discover. And then we must act, verifying or falsifying what we have found. This open content book is an essential guide for students as they interpret texts of all kinds, and is meant as a companion for writing and research. Helpful notes are provided for key concepts, and each step of the process is briefly explained, along with questions for further analysis. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Ancient Near East: The Basics Daniel C. Snell, 2013-06-26 Ancient Near East: The Basics surveys the history of the ancient Middle East from the invention of writing to Alexander the Great’s conquest. The book introduces both the physical and intellectual environment of those times, the struggles of state-building and empire construction, and the dissent from those efforts. Topics covered include: What do we mean when we talk about the Ancient Near East? The rise and fall of powerful states and monarchs Daily life both in the cities and out in the fields The legacy of the Ancient Near East: religion, science and writing systems. Featuring a glossary, chronology and suggestions for further reading, this book has all the tools the reader needs to understand the history and study of the Ancient Near East. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Dictionary of New Testament Background CRAIG A EVANS, STANLEY E PORTER, 2020-05-21 The 'Dictionary of New Testament Background' joins the 'Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels', the 'Dictionary of Paul and his Letters' and the 'Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments' as the fourth in a landmark series of reference works on the Bible. In a time when our knowledge of the ancient Mediterranean world has grown, this volume sets out for readers the wealth of Jewish and Greco-Roman background that should inform our reading and understanding of the New Testament and early Christianity. 'The Dictionary of New Testament Background', takes full advantage of the flourishing study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and offers individual articles focused on the most important scrolls. In addition, the Dictionary encompasses the fullness of second-temple Jewish writings, whether pseudepigraphic, rabbinic, parables, proverbs, histories or inscriptions. Articles abound on aspects of Jewish life and thought, including family, purity, liturgy and messianism. The full scope of Greco-Roman culture is displayed in articles ranging across language and rhetoric, literacy and book benefactors, travel and trade, intellectual movements and ideas, and ancient geographical perspectives. No other reference work presents so much in one place for students of the New Testament. Here an entire library of scholarship is made available in summary form. The Dictionary of New Testament Background can stand alone, or work in concert with one or more of its companion volumes in the series. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields, this wealth of knowledge of the New Testament era is carefully aimed at the needs of contemporary students of the New Testament. In addition, its full bibliographies and cross-references to other volumes in the series will make it the first book to reach for in any investigation of the New Testament in its ancient setting. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Forty Days to Forgiveness Ronald D. Ramsey MEd DMin LMFT, 2021-04-29 Dr. Ronald D. Ramsey draws on his experiences as an organization development consultant, his knowledge of the behavioral sciences and theological studies, and his own unforgiveness challenges to lead readers on a forgiveness journey in this book. The book is composed of short readings that draw upon Dr. Ramsey’s work as a counselor and chaplain; worksheets that engage the reader’s experiences, thoughts and emotions; chapter summaries; and devotionals based on Scripture. Dr. Ramsey explores how to recover from experiencing interpersonal offenses and transgressions to reach emotional peace. Taking an interactive and practical approach, he reveals how to: • appreciate the importance of forgiveness; • acknowledge the hurt in your life from unforgiveness; • make a commitment to try to forgive; • transition to a Godly perspective; • take steps to sustain emotional freedom. The most difficult time to love others is when they have transgressed against us in some way. By learning a Christ-centered approach to forgiving others, we can move forward toward emotional peace. Take a journey from unforgiveness to emotional peace with the insights and biblical wisdom in Forty Days to Forgiveness. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Teaching the Bible with Undergraduates Jocelyn McWhirter, Sylvie T. Raquel, 2022-09-05 Teaching the Bible with Undergraduates offers concrete strategies for Bible instruction in college classrooms. Each essay pays special attention to the needs of tech-savvy students whose sensibilities, aspirations, expectations, and preferred ways of learning may differ significantly from those of their instructors. The volume’s contributors, all biblical scholars and undergraduate instructors, focus on best pedagogical practices using concrete examples while sharing effective strategies. Essays and quick tips treat topics, including general education, reading skills, student identities, experiential learning, and instructional technology. Contributors include Kimberly Bauser McBrien, George Branch-Trevathan, Callie Callon, Lesley DiFransico, Nicholas A. Elder, Timothy A. Gabrielson, Kathleen Gallagher Elkins, Susan E. Haddox, Seth Heringer, John Hilton III, Melanie A. Howard, Christopher M. Jones, Steve Jung, Katherine Low, Timothy Luckritz Marquis, Kara J. Lyons-Pardue, Jocelyn McWhirter, Sylvie T. Raquel, Eric A. Seibert, Hanna Tervanotko, Carl N. Toney, John Van Maaren, and Robby Waddell. This book provides an essential resource not only for instructors at the undergraduate level but also for anyone who teaches biblical studies in the classroom. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Theodicy and the Cross of Christ Tom Holmén, 2018-12-13 The death of Jesus is commonly regarded as the one radically novel perspective from which the problem of suffering is viewed in the New Testament, as opposed to the appropriation of viewpoints present elsewhere in contemporary writings and in the Old Testament. Tom Holmén's focus on the death of Jesus as a source of New Testament theodicy reveals a two-fold reasoning: the lasting relevance of the theme of Jesus' death on the cross and theodicy, and the lack of thorough and sustained New Testament investigations into this theme. Holmén's argument focuses on the changes in the concept of suffering occasioned by the unprecedented sacrifice of Jesus. He explores both the derivative nature of suffering as God's retribution or a test for discipline – in line with the traditions known in the time contemporary to the formation of the New Testament – and the sharp, wholly new contrast of suffering as intercessory in the crucifixion of Christ, Son of God, appearing to the world as 'impossible'. Holmén considers many issues in his discussion, including the context of providence and covenant, and the problem that Jesus' death causes for theodicy. He also examines other perspectives, such as the writings of Paul, and practical considerations of coping with anguish. Taken as a whole, this study provides a fresh examination of the crucifixion's central role for understanding New Testament approaches to suffering. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: An Introduction to the New Testament Charles B Puskas, C Michael Robbins, 2012-08-30 This second edition of An Introduction to the New Testament provides readers with pertinent material and a helpful framework that will guide them in their understanding of the New Testament texts. Many new and diverse cultural, historical, social-scientific, sociorhetorical, narrative, textual, and contextual studies have been examined since the publication of the first edition, which was in print for twenty years. The authors retain the original tripartite arrangement on 1) The world of the New Testament, 2) Interpreting the New Testament, and 3) Jesus and early Christianity. An appropriate book for anyone who seeks to better understand what is involved in the exegesis of New Testaments texts today. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Worship, Music, and Interpretation Wendy J. Porter, 2024-09-30 This unique volume brings together wide-ranging research that could only be written by someone singularly expert in the full range of Christian worship and music from ancient to modern. These essays by Wendy Porter span eras and areas of study from the New Testament to the present and encompass an expansive view of worship, music, and liturgy. Some focus on what is known (or not) about early Christian worship, including the early creeds and hymns in the New Testament and whether music originated in Jewish or Greco-Roman contexts. Some introduce firsthand work on ancient liturgical manuscripts, such as a sixth-century manuscript by hymnwriter and preacher Romanos Melodus or a tenth-century ekphonetic liturgical manuscript. Extending her research on sixteenth-century English composers as musical interpreters, Porter includes several papers on how musicians have functioned as theological interpreters in worship and music. One chapter engages theological comparisons between well-known compositions by Bach, Beethoven, and Stravinsky, another creatively explores what contemporary worship leaders can learn from sixteenth-century songwriter and worship leader William Byrd, while others invite thoughtful reflection on what we can all learn if we stop to consider how Christians have functioned and fared in their worship through the centuries. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Scripting Pentecost Mark J. Cartledge, A.J. Swoboda, 2016-07-07 Scripting Pentecost explores and develops an analysis of worship and liturgy in Pentecostal and Charismatic traditions. Organized into three main sections, history, theology, and contemporary practice, the first section quarries the historical trajectories of classic Pentecostalism, the Charismatic movement, Third-Wave, and Oneness Pentecostalism. Particular attention is given to the liturgical approaches of some of the earliest leaders, including William J. Seymour, Alexander Boddy, and Aimee Semple McPherson. The second section, constructive theology, offers theological approaches to liturgical studies from Pentecostal and Charismatic perspectives. In this section the Pentecostal and Charismatic tradition is advanced and extended by an interaction with ecumenical sources. The third section, case studies in contemporary worship theology and practice, examines the actual performance of liturgy through selected global case studies chosen to reflect a diversity of ecclesial practice in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America and Oceania. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Silence and Praise Ryan Leif Hansen, 2014-05-01 Cosmology is a central focus in John’s Apocalypse, Ryan Leif Hansen argues, but not in the sense that John envisions a stable cosmos. Rather, John employs cosmological themes for persuasive purposes that include a critique of Roman imperial cultic discourse. Hansen’s argument requires a discussion of the apocalyptic genre and rhetoric, the ways in which apocalyptic literature makes meaning especially through the construction of symbolic worlds, and then a comparison of this means with cosmological themes in which eternal Rome lies at the center of the cosmos. John seeks to persuade his hearers that the world, as governed and sustained by Caesar and the Roman gods and perpetuated through the Roman cult and economy, is a false order, passing away in order that God’s new creation, narrated by truthful worship and costly witness to the Lamb, can emerge as gift. The book concludes with suggestions for fruitful conversation with recent work in apocalyptic theology. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Vshamru David Birnbaum, Martin S. Cohen, The Torah has two basic components: a long, complex narrative thatserves as the backstory to the covenant and its literary frame, and thespecific commandments that serve as the terms of that covenant. Thenarrative itself—the long, complex narratives relating to the creationof the world, the great flood, the adventures of the patriarchs andmatriarchs of Israel, the descent into slavery in Egypt, the exodusfrom Egypt, the events at Mount Sinai, and the subsequent journeythe edge of the Land of Israel, where the people are camped whenthe Torah narrative concludes with Moses’ death—is relativelywell-known even in the secular Western world. And some of thecommandments too are well known to the general public in Westernlands—some because they were eventually adopted by Christiantheologians and made tenets of Christianity, others because they areso overtly characteristic of Jewish life that they have become easilyrecognizable to anyone who has even casual contact with the Jewishcommunity, and others because they have come to serve as the mostbasic moral planks in Western ethics even for people who do notself-define as Jews or Christians.But however well known the commandments may be as regardstheir general content, the Hebrew text of the Torah that preservesthe commandments in their literary guise can prove surprisinglydifficult. For one thing, Biblical Hebrew is an ancient language in2 Martin S. Cohenwhich words do not necessarily mean what they eventually came tomean after millennia of linguistic development. Moreover, classicalHebrew authors regularly presuppose information on the part oftheir readers and listeners, much of which non-specialist modernssimply do not possess. (For example, Scripture references all sorts ofpublic officials and military officers by their ranks and titles withoutexplaining them because the reader is simply assumed to be familiarwith the terminology, somewhat in the same way a contemporaryAmerican journalist might refer to someone as a senator fromOklahoma without feeling any need to pause and explain what asenator is. Or what Oklahoma is!) And then there is the questionof grammar to consider. For all that modern scholars have analyzedthe language of the Bible and attempted to describe its grammaticalrules, there are still many passages that feel inconsonant with thoserules. These passages likely do not constitute errors of usage onthe part of their ancient authors, however, but rather indicate thatour understanding of biblical grammar simply does not reflect thenuanced, dynamic way ancient Hebrew was actually spoken inantiquity as a living, vibrant language. And, finally, there is the vexingquestion of the specific way Hebrew words are related to each other.Classical Hebrew, like all Semitic languages, is built on three-lettercombinations of consonants called “roots,” and most of the wordsthat constitute the language’s vocabulary are built on those roots. Yetsome words that appear to be built on the same root seem entirelyunrelated in meaning. And still others, mysterious in their own right,do not appear to have triliteral roots at all.Any study of the commandments that carefully considers suchconcerns will naturally lead to meaningful insight, and this is preciselythe kind of examination that underlies this volume, the tenth andfinal volume in the Mesorah Matrix series. Like its predecessors inthe series, this volume is devoted to the reasoned, thoughtful, and3 Prefaceinspiring analysis of specific Jewish ideas, practices, and beliefs. Infact, all of the present essays focus on a single word that lies at theintersection of law, linguistics, spirituality, faith, and modern Jewishpractice: v’shamru. And although the word will be familiar to mostfrom its liturgical use in the version of the Kiddush prayer recitedon Shabbat that cites Exodus 31:16–17, the word appears in othercontexts as well and several of the essays in this volume considerthose uses.The key passage that connects that word with Shabbat observance,Exodus 31:16–17, reads as follows, with the English words thatcorrespond to the Hebrew v’shamru printed in bold:And so shall the Israelites keep the Sabbath, safeguardingits observance throughout all their generations as evidenceof the eternal covenant that binds Me and the Israelites, forthe Sabbath is that covenant’s eternal sign in that the Eternalmade the heavens and the earth in six days and then pausedfor rest and repose on the seventh day.It is the specific question of what v’shamru means in this context towhich our authors who have chosen to write about Shabbat turntheir attention.As noted, the word is not used exclusively with respect toShabbat observance and it appears elsewhere in the Torah text todesignate what Israelites are commanded to “do” with respect tothe commandments, or some specific commandment. But it is theShabbat connection that interests most of our authors, possiblybecause Moses himself is cited (at Deuteronomy 5:12) as recalling thefourth of the Ten Commandments as beginning with an imperativebuilt on that very root of shin-mem-resh, even though the “actual” textpresented in Exodus begins with a different word entirely.Words built on the three-letter root shin-mem-resh generally have4 Martin S. Cohensomething to do with guarding, protecting, or keeping safe, but whatit is exactly about these specific contexts, and the Shabbat contextforemost among them, that requires so much guarding or protectingis left unsaid. Is there some specific fragility that inheres in theobservance of that specific commandment which makes reasonablethe use of some version of a word based on shim-mem-resh to qualifyits observance? Or is Shabbat simply of such cardinal importancethat Scripture uses that specific verb to describe its observance solelyto say that that nation must exert itself maximally to guarantee itscareful and punctilious observance? Or does this usage hint insteadat some specific danger that might be lurking within the details ofShabbat observance, some plausible ideational, doctrinal, dogmatic,or even physical peril against which the people must be commandedscrupulously to guard themselves? To none of these questions doesScripture nod even in passing. Yet the essays in this volume thatfocus on Shabbat are all attempts, one way or another, to addressthose specific questions and others that derive from them directly. Ihope our readers will find all our authors’ efforts both intriguing anduplifting.The authors who have contributed to this volume are a varied lotdrawn from across the spectrum of organized Jewish life—Israelisand diasporan types, rabbis and academics, men and woman, olderand younger scholars, seasoned authors and relative newcomers tothe world of publishing. Some have contributed to other volumes inour series and one, the indefatigable Reuven Bulka, has contributedessays to all ten; others present their sole contribution to the seriesin this one volume. All, however, are united by their common beliefin the power of the well-written word and the sense that, even in thedigital age, the well-structured, convincingly argued essay retains itsability not just to inform but also to influence and to inspire.Unless otherwise indicated, all translations here are the authors’5 Prefaceown work. Biblical citations referenced to the NJPS derive from thecomplete translation of Scripture published under the title Tanakh:The Holy Scriptures by the Jewish Publication Society in Philadelphiain 1985.As we prepare to publish this, the tenth and final volume in theMesorah Matrix series, I would like to take this opportunity toacknowledge the other senior editors of the Mesorah Matrix series,David Birnbaum and Benjamin Blech, as well as Saul J. Berman, ourassociate editor.And I would also like to add a personal note at this junctureregarding the larger operation. This project has brought together alarge number of authors in an almost unprecedented effort to unitepeople across the spectrum of Jewish affiliation for the sake of k’lalyisrael. And despite the way that Jewish people from different parts ofthe Jewish world are regularly supposed not ever to get along, muchless to wish to work together on anything at all of consequence, allof our authors have shown themselves willing to participate in thenoble effort that underlies the Mesorah Matrix project: to revitalizethe essay form and to make of it a successful vehicle for inspiringJewish readers to take their Judaism and their Jewishness to an evenhigher level, to feel ennobled by their membership in the House ofIsrael, and potentially to feel themselves called upon to embrace amore personal role in the pursuit of Jewish destiny. It has been myprivilege and pleasure to work with them all.As always, I must also express my gratitude to the men andwomen, and particularly to the lay leadership, of the synagogue Iserve as rabbi: the Shelter Rock Jewish Center in Roslyn, New York.Possessed of the unwavering conviction that their rabbi’s literaryprojects are part and parcel of his service to them (and, throughthem, to the larger community of those interested in learning aboutJudaism), they are remarkably supportive of my literary efforts asauthor and editor. I am in their debt and am pleased to acknowledgethat debt formally here and whenever I publish my own work or thework of others. I couldn’t be me if they weren’t them. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: The Bible and the Enlightenment William Johnstone, 2004-01-01 This volume contains the proceedings of a conference held to mark the bicentenary of the death of Alexander Geddes (1737-1802). Geddes, a product of the Scottish and French Enlightenment, was a Roman Catholic priest; a pioneering biblical critic; a poet, some of whose works have been attributed to Robert Burns; and a political radical who studied in Paris before the French Revolution, which provided the background to the chief phase of his activity, ca. 1780-1800. This work is of interest to historians and to students of the Bible and English literature. The international panel of contributors includes Tom Levine on the political social and religious background, A.G. Aulg, Bultmann, C. Coury, J.W. Rogerson, J.L. Ska and M. Vervenne on Geddes's biblical works, and Elinor Shaffer, G. Carruthers and L. McIlvanney on his literary works. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Judah in the Biblical Period Oded Lipschits, 2024-03-18 The collection of essays in this book represents more than twenty years of research on the history and archeology of Judah, as well as the study of the Biblical literature written in and about the period that might be called the “Age of Empires”. This 600-year-long period, when Judah was a vassal Assyrian, Egyptian and Babylonian kingdom and then a province under the consecutive rule of the Babylonian, Persian, Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires, was the longest and the most influential in Judean history and historiography. The administration that was shaped and developed during this period, the rural economy, the settlement pattern and the place of Jerusalem as a small temple, surrounded by a small settlement of (mainly) priests, Levites and other temple servants, characterize Judah during most of its history. This is the formative period when most of the Hebrew Bible was written and edited, when the main features of Judaism were shaped and when Judean cult and theology were created and developed. The 36 papers contained in this book present a broad picture of the Hebrew Bible against the background of the Biblical history and the archeology of Judah throughout the six centuries of the “Age of Empires”. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: By the Gift and Power of God Leo Kappa, 2018-06-12 Although Christian academics such as Dr. Stephen Webb, Margaret Barker, and Richard Mouw classify the Latter-Day Saints as Christian, most ordinary, believing Christians remain unaware of just how very Christ-centered the LDS Church is and what a strong position the church holds scripturally and theologically. Many Christians today have never had the opportunity to consider the numerous Bible prophecies fulfilled by the Book of Mormon, the prophet Joseph Smith, the historic Christian apostasy, and the prophecies of Gods great and marvelous latter-day work, which is a new dispensation to set things rightnamely the restoration we announce to the world. Christians everywhere must be informed about what God has done for them in these times and why it was necessary as we all prepare for the glorious return of our Lord Jesus with a vast host of angels to judge the earth. |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Reading the Sacred Text V. George Shillington, 2002-12-01 A comprehensive manual for anyone wishing to become competent in reading and understanding the Scriptures of the Judeo-Christian tradition. The chapters of this book introduce the reader to all aspects of biblical studies. They guide the reader through the maze, from 'Venturing In' to 'Negotiated Reading'. There are sections on, for example, considering the self-consciousness of the reader/interpreter, the interaction of the tradition with the text of Scripture through the ages, the various literary genres together with the principal forms within the larger biblical documents, ways of reading the text in the modern and post-modern periods, how the academic reading of Scripture and the church reading interact, the relation between competent reading of the sacred text and the preparation and delivery of the sermon, the place of dialogue in the interpretive process. The conclusion sums up the discussion throughout the book and focuses the issues for a competent reading of the Bible and related writings. Student-friendly features include, at the end of each chapter: --An Objective, summarizing the content and objective of the chapter 12-14 lead questions with act as in-depth study exercises--Full bibliography and suggestions for further reading |
| interpreter's dictionary of the bible online: Tracing the Evidence Mary Anna Bader, 2008 Tracing the Evidence: Dinah in Post-Hebrew Bible Literature examines the post-biblical literary developments of Dinah, the daughter of Leah and Jacob. According to Genesis 34, Dinah was sexually violated by Shechem; however, there are gaps in the biblical narrative and little written about what happened to her after the fateful time. Tracing the Evidence considers how post-Hebrew Bible traditions have filled in some of those gaps. Some traditions give more information about her day-to-day life, how old she was when Shechem met her, and various details about her subsequent marriage(s) and children. |
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