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isotonic buffer definition: Applied Physical Pharmacy Mansoor Amiji, Beverly J. Sandmann, 2002-11-15 Designed as the core textbook for the required physical pharmacy or pharmaceutics course within the pharmacy school curriculum. With a focus on examples from pharmacy practice, this book presents the chemical and physical chemical principles fundamental to the development of medication dosage forms. Numerous case studies present relevant examples of physical chemical principles in current pharmacy practice. |
isotonic buffer definition: Essentials of Physical Chemistry Arun Bahl, Essentials of Physical Chemistry is a classic textbook on the subject explaining fundamentals concepts with discussions, illustrations and exercises. With clear explanation, systematic presentation, and scientific accuracy, the book not only helps the students clear misconceptions about the basic concepts but also enhances students' ability to analyse and systematically solve problems. This bestseller is primarily designed for B.Sc. students and would equally be useful for the aspirants of medical and engineering entrance examinations. |
isotonic buffer definition: Handbook of Biochemical Kinetics Daniel L. Purich, R. Donald Allison, 1999-10-26 Biochemical kinetics refers to the rate at which a reaction takes place. Kinetic mechanisms have played a major role in defining the metabolic pathways, the mechanistic action of enzymes, and even the processing of genetic material. The Handbook of Biochemical Kinetics provides the underlying scaffolding of logic for kinetic approaches to distinguish rival models or mechanisms. The handbook also comments on techniques and their likely limitations and pitfalls, as well as derivations of fundamental rate equations that characterize biochemical processes.Key Features* Over 750 pages devoted to theory and techniques for studying enzymic and metabolic processes* Over 1,500 definitions of kinetic and mechanistic terminology, with key references* Practical advice on experimental design of kinetic experiments* Extended step-by-step methods for deriving rate equations* Over 1,000 enzymes, complete with EC numbers, reactions catalyzed, and references to reviews and/or assay methods* Over 5,000 selected references to kinetic methods appearing in the Methods in Enzymology series* 72-page Wordfinder that allows the reader to search by keywords* Summaries of mechanistic studies on key enzymes and protein systems* Over 250 diagrams, figures, tables, and structures |
isotonic buffer definition: A Textbook of Physical Pharmaceutics-I Dr. Jiji Jose , Dr. Rajesh R S , Mrs. Tina Raju , Mr. Aadi Sathyan , Mr. Dhilin PM Mrs. Saranya TV, 2025-05-02 Physical Pharmaceutics-I is a fundamental subject in the field of pharmacy that provides essential knowledge about the physical and chemical principles governing pharmaceutical formulations. This book is designed to serve as a comprehensive resource for pharmacy students, offering a clear and systematic understanding of various physicochemical concepts that are crucial for drug development and formulation design. |
isotonic buffer definition: Physical Pharmaceutics-I Dr. V. Ganesan, Dr. Geeta Aggarwal, 2021-03-11 Unlock the ultimate E-book on Physical Pharmaceutics-I for B.Pharm 3rd Semester, meticulously curated by Thakur Publication to align with the PCI syllabus. Dive into the world of pharmaceutical formulation and unravel the principles of physical pharmaceutics. Access comprehensive content, practical examples, and key concepts in this invaluable resource. Stay ahead in your studies with Thakur Publication's trusted expertise. Purchase the E-book now and embark on a transformative learning journey in physical pharmaceutics. Elevate your understanding and excel in your academic pursuits today. |
isotonic buffer definition: Physical Pharmaceutics - I Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-04-06 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
isotonic buffer definition: Textbook of Physical Pharmaceutics-I Prof. Satish Rajendra Borse , Akshay Nitin Dev, 2024-12-27 |
isotonic buffer definition: Pharmaceutical Calculations Maria Glaucia Teixeira, Joel L. Zatz, 2017-02-02 Retaining the successful previous editions' programmed instructional format, this book improves and updates an authoritative textbook to keep pace with compounding trends and calculations – addressing real-world calculations pharmacists perform and allowing students to learn at their own pace through examples. Connects well with the current emphasis on self-paced and active learning in pharmacy schools Adds a new chapter dedicated to practical calculations used in contemporary compounding, new appendices, and solutions and answers for all problems Maintains value for teaching pharmacy students the principles while also serving as a reference for review by students in preparation for licensure exams Rearranges chapters and rewrites topics of the previous edition, making its content ideal to be used as the primary textbook in a typical dosage calculations course for any health care professional Reviews of the prior edition: ...a well-structured approach to the topic... (Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy) and ...a perfectly organized manual that serves as a expert guide... (Electric Review) |
isotonic buffer definition: Theory and Practice of Physical Pharmacy - E-Book Gaurav Jain, 2011-06-23 A core subject in pharmaceutics, physical pharmacy is taught in the initial semesters of B. Pharm. The methodical knowledge of the subject is required, and is essential, to understand the principles pertaining to design and development of drug and drug products. Theory and Practice of Physical Pharmacy is unique as it fulfils the twin requirements of physical pharmacy students: the authentic text on theoretical concepts and its application including illustrative exercises in the form of practicals. - Covers all the topics included in various existing syllabi of physical pharmacy - Provides an integrated understanding of theory and practical applications associated with physicochemical concepts - Explore the latest developments in the field of pharmaceutics - Reviews the relevance of physicochemical principles in the design of dosage form - Ensures proper recapitulation through sufficient end-of-chapter questions - Provides valuable learning tool in the form of multiple choice questions - Multiple choice questions section especially useful for GPAT aspirants |
isotonic buffer definition: Pharmaceutical Calculations Michalakis Savva, 2019-10-17 Pharmaceutical Calculations: A Conceptual Approach, is a book that combines conceptual and procedural understanding for students and will guide you to master prerequisite skills to carry out accurate compounding and dosage regimen calculations. It is a book that makes the connection between basic sciences and pharmacy. It describes the most important concepts in pharmaceutical sciences thoroughly, accurately and consistently through various commentaries and activities to make you a scientific thinker, and to help you succeed in college and licensure exams. Calculation of the error associated with a dose measurement can only be carried out after understanding the concept of accuracy versus precision in a measurement. Similarly, full appreciation of drug absorption and distribution to tissues can only come about after understanding the process of transmembrane passive diffusion. Early understanding of these concepts will allow reinforcement and deeper comprehension of other related concepts taught in other courses. More weight is placed on the qualitative understanding of fundamental concepts, like tonicity vs osmotic pressure, diffusion vs osmosis, crystalloids vs colloids, osmotic diuretics vs plasma expanders, rate of change vs rate constants, drug accumulation vs drug fluctuation, loading dose vs maintenance dose, body surface area (BSA) vs body weight (BW) as methods to adjust dosages, and much more, before considering other quantitative problems. In one more significant innovation, the origin and physical significance of all final forms of critical equations is always described in detail, thus, allowing recognition of the real application and limitations of an equation. Specific strategies are explained step-by-step in more than 100 practice examples taken from the fields of compounding pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and medicine. |
isotonic buffer definition: A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry Dr. N D. Nizamuddin, Dr. K. Chandrasekhar, Dr. P. L. N. Ranganath , Mrs. S. K. Rubina, 2024-11-15 The titled book is Textbook of PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Theory) (As per PCI regulation). The idea of book originated by authors to convey a combined database for easy understanding of PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Theory). This book is intended to communicate information on inorganic chemistry, to direct tutors and learners regarding fundamental concepts in PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (Theory). The major aim to write this textbook is to provide information in articulate summarized manner to accomplish necessities of undergraduates as per PCI regulation. This volume is designed not only according to curriculum of undergraduate courses in pharmacy by PCI but also to communicate knowledge on Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence for post graduate learners. We assured this book will be originated very valuable by graduates, post graduates, professors and industrial learners. |
isotonic buffer definition: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr.Tusar Bajpai , Dr. Samba Siva Rao bodavula , Mrs Krati Dhakad , Miss. Fiza Farheen , Mr. Rahul Bharti, Modern science relies on inorganic chemistry in materials science, catalysis, environmental chemistry, and bioinorganic systems. Inorganic Chemistry aims to introduce the fundamental concepts, principles, and applications of this crucial field in a comprehensive and approachable manner. This book targets undergraduate and graduate students, educators, and researchers. It covers ancient and modern inorganic chemistry. The chapters progress from atomic structure, bonding, and periodic patterns to coordination chemistry, organometallics, and bioinorganic chemistry. This book aims to bridge theory and practice. Each chapter includes thorough explanations, examples, and problem sets to promote critical thinking and knowledge application. Inorganic chemistry's significance and impact on daily life and industry are shown through real-world applications throughout the work. This book is the result of much research, teaching, and passion for the subject. It seeks to teach, as well as spark curiosity and enthusiasm for inorganic chemistry's complexity. we hope readers find this book instructive and engaging and useful in their academic and professional careers. Many colleagues, students, and the scientific community helped me write this work. Their feedback helped shape this work's content and approach. I thank them deeply. We believe this book will help readers appreciate inorganic chemistry and inspire future chemists to explore its unlimited potential. |
isotonic buffer definition: Basic Physical Pharmacy Joseph K. H. Ma, Boka Hadzija, 2013 Basic Physical Pharmacy provides a thorough yet accessible overview of the principles of physical pharmacy and their application in drug formulation and administration. This definitive guide to physical pharmacy covers all types of pharmaceuticals, from traditional forms and dosages to nanotechnology-based novel dosage design. |
isotonic buffer definition: TEXT BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Dr. Ajay D. Kshirsagar; Ms. Pradnya A. Bhosle (Kshirsagar), 2025-04-01 The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry is a comprehensive guide designed for students and professionals in the pharmaceutical sciences. It covers essential concepts related to the role of inorganic compounds in medicinal chemistry and drug formulation. The book begins with an exploration of impurities in pharmaceutical substances, detailing their sources, types, and methods of detection using limit tests for elements like chloride, sulfate, iron, arsenic, lead, and heavy metals. The acids, bases, and buffers section provides insights into buffer solutions, isotonicity, and their pharmaceutical applications. The book also delves into major electrolytes, their physiological functions, and their importance in replacement therapy, including sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium gluconate. Dental products such as fluoride-based treatments, dentifrices, and desensitizing agents are thoroughly discussed. A significant portion focuses on gastrointestinal agents, including acidifiers, antacids, cathartics, and antimicrobials, with detailed mechanisms and applications. The book also examines expectorants, emetics, and haematinics, with examples like potassium iodide, ammonium chloride, and ferrous sulfate. Additionally, the text covers poisons and antidotes, including sodium thiosulfate and activated charcoal, along with astringents like zinc sulfate and potash alum. The final section introduces radiopharmaceuticals, detailing radioactivity, isotopes, and their pharmaceutical applications. This book serves as a fundamental resource for understanding the chemical aspects of pharmaceutical substances, offering theoretical knowledge alongside practical applications. |
isotonic buffer definition: Handbook for Pharmacy Technicians United States. Army. Surgeon-General's Office, 1945 |
isotonic buffer definition: Methods for Pharmacy Technicians United States. Surgeon-General's Office, 1941 |
isotonic buffer definition: Culture Media, Solutions, and Systems in Human ART Patrick Quinn, 2014-03-27 This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components. |
isotonic buffer definition: Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry B.Pharm First Semester Prof.(Dr). Dinesh Kaushik , Dr. Bharat Bhushan, 2025-05-27 |
isotonic buffer definition: Training Publication U.S. Department of the Army, United States. Dept. of the Army, 1940 |
isotonic buffer definition: , |
isotonic buffer definition: Capillary Fluid Exchange Joshua Scallan, Virginia Heathorn Huxley, Ronald J. Korthuis, 2010 The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation |
isotonic buffer definition: Aulton's Pharmaceutics Michael E. Aulton, Kevin Taylor, 2013 Pharmaceutics is the art of pharmaceutical preparations. It encompasses design of drugs, their manufacture and the elimination of micro-organisms from the products. This book encompasses all of these areas.--Provided by publisher. |
isotonic buffer definition: Biological Transport of Radiotracers Lelio Colombetti, 2020-04-28 First published in 1982: The book attempts to explain transport processes for radiolabelled tracers. |
isotonic buffer definition: Misbehaving Proteins Regina Murphy, Amos Tsai, 2007-10-12 This text provides an up-to-date collection of theoretical and experimental studies into protein folding, misfolding, aggregation, and stability. Additionally, issues faced during the development of protein products are illustrated. It contains an introductory chapter for readers new to the protein folding field. The book provides a thorough and clear discussion of computational approaches to understanding and modeling protein aggregation. |
isotonic buffer definition: Histology-Cytology Techniques Mr. Rohit Manglik, 2024-03-27 EduGorilla Publication is a trusted name in the education sector, committed to empowering learners with high-quality study materials and resources. Specializing in competitive exams and academic support, EduGorilla provides comprehensive and well-structured content tailored to meet the needs of students across various streams and levels. |
isotonic buffer definition: Remington Education Pharmaceutics Shelley Chambers Fox, 2014-06-25 Remington Education: Pharmaceutics covers the basic principles of pharmaceutics, from dosage forms to drug delivery and targeting. It addresses all the principles covered in an introductory pharmacy course. As well as offering a summary of key information in pharmaceutics, it offers numerous case studies and MCQs for self assessment. |
isotonic buffer definition: War Department Technical Manual , 1945 |
isotonic buffer definition: Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays Hans G. Vogel, 2002-06-13 Now expanded and updated to include molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques. The second edition of this successful reference book contains a comprehensive selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting the pharmacological effects of potential drugs. Each of the more than 1000 assays comprises a detailed protocol outlining the purpose and rationale of the method, a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance. The enclosed and fully searchable CD ROM allows easy identification of specific tests. An appendix with up-to-date guidelines and legal regulations for animal experiments in various countries will help the reader to plan experiments more effectively. |
isotonic buffer definition: Micro- and Nanotechnologies-Based Product Development Neelesh Kumar Mehra, Arvind Gulbake, 2021-09-06 This book provides comprehensive information of the nanotechnology-based pharmaceutical product development including a diverse range of arenas such as liposomes, nanoparticles, fullerenes, hydrogels, thermally responsive externally activated theranostics (TREAT), hydrogels, microspheres, micro- and nanoemulsions and carbon nanomaterials. It covers the micro- and nanotechnological aspects for pharmaceutical product development with the product development point of view and also covers the industrial aspects, novel technologies, stability studies, validation, safety and toxicity profiles, regulatory perspectives, scale-up technologies and fundamental concept in the development of products. Salient Features: Covers micro- and nanotechnology approaches with current trends with safety and efficacy in product development. Presents an overview of the recent progress of stability testing, reverse engineering, validation and regulatory perspectives as per regulatory requirements. Provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research related to micro- and nanotechnologies including designing, optimisation, validation and scale-up of micro- and nanotechnologies. Is edited by two well-known researchers by contribution of vivid chapters from renowned scientists across the globe in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Dr. Neelesh Kumar Mehra is working as an Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics at the Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India. He received ‘TEAM AWARD’ for successful commercialisation of an ophthalmic suspension product. He has authored more than 60 peer-reviewed publications in highly reputed international journals and more than 10 book chapter contributions. He has filed patents on manufacturing process and composition to improved therapeutic efficacy for topical delivery. He guided PhD and MS students for their dissertations/research projects. He has received numerous outstanding awards including Young Scientist Award and Team Award for his research output. He recently published one edited book, ‘Dendrimers in Nanomedicine: Concept, Theory and Regulatory Perspectives’, in CRC Press. Currently, he is editing books on nano drug delivery-based products with Elsevier Pvt Ltd. He has rich research and teaching experience in the formulation and development of complex, innovative ophthalmic and injectable biopharmaceutical products including micro- and nanotechnologies for regulated market. Dr. Arvind Gulbake is working as an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical & Population Health Informatics, at DIT University, Dehradun, India. He has authored more than 40 peer-reviewed publications in highly reputed international journals, four book chapters and a patent contribution. He has received outstanding awards including Young Scientist Award and BRG Travel Award for his research. He is an assistant editor for IJAP. He guided PhD and MS students for their dissertations/research projects. He has successfully completed extramural project funded by SERB, New Delhi, Government of India. He has more than 12 years of research and teaching experience in the formulation and development of nanopharmaceuticals. |
isotonic buffer definition: Technical Manual United States. War Department, 1942 |
isotonic buffer definition: Physics, Pharmacology and Physiology for Anaesthetists Matthew E. Cross, Emma V. E. Plunkett, 2014-03-06 A quick reference to basic science for anaesthetists, containing all the key information needed for FRCA exams. |
isotonic buffer definition: Applied Pharmaceutics in Contemporary Compounding Robert P. Shrewsbury, 2015-01-01 Applied Pharmaceutics in Contemporary Compounding, Third Edition is designed to convey a fundamental understanding of the principles and practices involved in both the development and the production of compounded dosage forms by applying pharmaceutical principles. |
isotonic buffer definition: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
isotonic buffer definition: Science John Michels (Journalist), 1924 |
isotonic buffer definition: Handbook of Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics Mehdi Boroujerdi, 2023-08-22 This fully revised and expanded volume is an effort to blend the common approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach, which includes mathematical descriptions of physical and physiological processes employed in the approaches to pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics modeling. It emphasizes general principles and concepts and related, isolated applications and case study observations. The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research, scientific or regulatory decisions, or for offering advanced courses/workshops and seminars. Features: Comprehensive handbook on principles and applications of PK/TK appealing to a diverse audience including scientists and students An excellent text fully revised and fully updated for anyone interested in the theoretical and practical pharmacokinetics The systematic compilation of mathematical concepts and methodologies allows readers to decide on relevant concepts and approaches for their research Incorporates research relevant to SDGs and of interest to industrial and regulatory environmental scientists involved in chemical contamination research and regulatory decision making related to soil, water, and ocean Includes sections on applications and case studies |
isotonic buffer definition: Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics Mehdi Boroujerdi, 2015-02-24 Pharmacokinetics and Toxicokinetics provides an overview of pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics in a comprehensible, interrelated, and applied manner. It integrates the principles held in common by both fields through a logical and systematic approach. The book presents mathematical descriptions of physiological processes employed in different appr |
isotonic buffer definition: Enzyme Immunodiagnosis Edouard Kurstak, 2012-12-02 Enzyme Immunodiagnosis focuses on the applications of enzyme immunodiagnosis procedures to the detection of drugs, infectious disease pathogens, and antigens in cancer pathology. This book discusses the use of immunoassays in vaccine assessment and standardization, including the application of commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIA) kits, automation of assays, and interpretation of results obtained with both serological and immunohistochemical methods. The developments in immunoblotting applications to diagnosis and research and use of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies in enzyme immunodiagnosis are also reviewed. This book is beneficial to students and specialists conducting work on immunoenzymatic technology, as well as those involved in research, development, teaching, and diagnosis in fields in immunoassays. |
isotonic buffer definition: Stewart's Textbook of Acid-Base John A Kellum, Paul WG Elbers, 2009 Rev. ed of: How to understand acid-base. c1981. |
isotonic buffer definition: Calpain Methods and Protocols John S. Elce, 2008-02-05 The purpose of Calpain Methods and Protocols is quite straightf- ward: it is to present the actual experimental methods used in many different laboratories for the study of calpain. It will provide the vital experimental detail, and the discussion of possible pitfalls, for which the standard journals no longer provide space. This will make it as easy as possible for investi- tors interested in calpain to adopt established methods without repeating old mistakes, and to adapt and apply these methods in novel approaches to the many outstanding calpain questions. These questions range from purely biochemical problems of protein structure and enzyme regulation at the molecular level, through large areas of cell biology, to applied and clinical aspects of calpain function in human d- ease. Within this panoply of topics, a wide range of investigators will find many fascinating and as yet unanswered questions about calpain. Calpain Methods and Protocols will provide instant access to many essential te- niques, while saving them the time and effort involved in developing a new method. In addition to questions relating to the normal physiological roles of the calpains, there is considerable evidence that inappropriate calpain activity may have pathological effects in many tissues, for example, following ischemia. This provides a major stimulus for the development of specific calpain inhi- tors for therapeutic purposes, and for the development of methods to evaluate such inhibitors. |
isotonic buffer definition: 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies Tomaz Jarm, Peter Kramar, 2015-08-31 This volume presents the proceedings of the 1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food & Environmental Technologies (WC2015). The congress took place in Portorož, Slovenia, during the week of September 6th to 10th, 2015. The scientific part of the Congress covered different aspects of electroporation and related technologies and included the following main topics: · Application of pulsed electric fields technology in food: challenges and opportunities · Electrical impedance measurement for assessment of electroporation yield · Electrochemistry and electroporation · Electroporation meets electrostimulation · Electrotechnologies for food and biomass treatment · Food and biotechnology applications · In vitro electroporation - basic mechanisms · Interfacial behaviour of lipid-assemblies, membranes and cells in electric fields · Irreversible electroporation in clinical use · Medical applications: electrochemotherapy · Medical applications: gene therapy · Non-electric field-based physical methods inducing cell poration and enhanced molecule transfer · Non-thermal plasmas for food safety, environmental applications and medical treatments · PEF for the food industry: fundamentals and applications · PEF proce ss integration - complex process chains and process combinations in the food industry · Predictable animal models · Pulsed electric fields and electroporation technologies in bioeconomy · Veterinary medical applications |
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Osmosis and tonicity - Khan Academy
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Osmosis and tonicity - Khan Academy
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