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| israelites sold into slavery: Jews and the American Slave Trade Saul Friedman, 2017-09-29 The Nation of Islam's Secret Relationship between Blacks and Jews has been called one of the most serious anti-Semitic manuscripts published in years. This work of so-called scholars received great celebrity from individuals like Louis Farrakhan, Leonard Jeffries, and Khalid Abdul Muhammed who used the document to claim that Jews dominated both transatlantic and antebellum South slave trades. As Saul Friedman definitively documents in Jews and the American Slave Trade, historical evidence suggests that Jews played a minimal role in the transatlantic, South American, Caribbean, and antebellum slave trades.Jews and the American Slave Trade dissects the questionable historical technique employed in Secret Relationship, offers a detailed response to Farrakhan's charges, and analyzes the impetus behind these charges. He begins with in-depth discussion of the attitudes of ancient peoples, Africans, Arabs, and Jews toward slavery and explores the Jewish role hi colonial European economic life from the Age of Discovery tp Napoleon. His state-by-state analyses describe in detail the institution of slavery in North America from colonial New England to Louisiana. Friedman elucidates the role of American Jews toward the great nineteenth-century moral debate, the positions they took, and explains what shattered the alliance between these two vulnerable minority groups in America.Rooted in incontrovertible historical evidence, provocative without being incendiary, Jews and the American Slave Trade demonstrates that the anti-slavery tradition rooted in the Old Testament translated into powerful prohibitions with respect to any involvement in the slave trade. This brilliant exploration will be of interest to scholars of modern Jewish history, African-American studies, American Jewish history, U.S. history, and minority studies. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Bible's Many Voices Michael Carasik, 2014-04-01 The most common English translations of the Bible often sound like a single, somewhat archaic voice. In fact, the Bible is made up of many separate books composed by multiple writers in a wide range of styles and perspectives. It is, as Michael Carasik demonstrates, not a remote text reserved for churches and synagogues but rather a human document full of history, poetry, politics, theology, and spirituality. Using historic, linguistic, anthropological, and theological sources, Carasik helps us distinguish between the Jewish Bible’s voices—the mythic, the historical, the prophetic, the theological, and the legal. By articulating the differences among these voices, he shows us not just their messages and meanings but also what mattered to the authors. In these contrasts we encounter the Bible anew as a living work whose many voices tell us about the world out of which the Bible grew—and the world that it created. Listen to the author's podcast. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews , 1991 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Jews, Slaves, and the Slave Trade Eli Faber, 1998-08 A conclusive reassessment of the long-standing controversy over Jewish involvement in the slave trade. Focusing on the British empire, historian Eli Faber's extensive research reveals minimal involvement in the subjugation of Africans by Jews in the Americas. Faber lays to rest one of the most contested historical controversies of our time. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Negro Bible - The Slave Bible , 2019-10-25 The Slave Bible was published in 1807. It was commissioned on behalf of the Society for the Conversion of Negro Slaves in England. The Bible was to be used by missionaries and slave owners to teach slaves about the Christian faith and to evangelize slaves. The Bible was used to teach some slaves to read, but the goal first and foremost was to tend to the spiritual needs of the slaves in the way the missionaries and slave owners saw fit. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Urban Apologetics Eric Mason, 2021-04-06 Urban Apologetics examines the legitimate issues that Black communities have with Western Christianity and shows how the gospel of Jesus Christ—rather than popular, socioreligious alternatives—restores our identity. African Americans have long confronted the challenge of dignity destruction caused by white supremacy. While many have found meaning and restoration of dignity in the black church, others have found it in ethnocentric socioreligious groups and philosophies. These ideologies have grown and developed deep traction in the black community and beyond. Revisionist history, conspiracy theories, and misinformation about Jesus and Christianity are the order of the day. Many young African Americans are disinterested in Christianity and others are leaving the church in search of what these false religious ideas appear to offer, a spirituality more indigenous to their history and ethnicity. Edited by Dr. Eric Mason and featuring a top-notch lineup of contributors, Urban Apologetics is the first book focused entirely on cults, religious groups, and ethnocentric ideologies prevalent in the black community. The book is divided into three main parts: Discussions on the unique context for urban apologetics so that you can better understand the cultural arguments against Christianity among the Black community. Detailed information on cults, religious groups, and ethnic identity groups that many urban evangelists encounter—such as the Nation of Islam, Kemetic spirituality, African mysticism, Hebrew Israelites, Black nationalism, and atheism. Specific tools for urban apologetics and community outreach. Ultimately, Urban Apologetics applies the gospel to black identity to show that Jesus is the only one who can restore it. This is an essential resource to equip those doing the work of ministry and apology in urban communities with the best available information. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Jewish Slavery in Antiquity Catherine Hezser, 2005-12-22 This book is the first comprehensive analysis of Jewish attitudes towards slavery in Hellenistic and Roman times. Against the traditional opinion that after the Babylonian Exile Jews refrained from employing slaves, Catherine Hezser shows that slavery remained a significant phenomenon of ancient Jewish everyday life and generated a discourse which resembled Graeco-Roman and early Christian views while at the same time preserving specifically Jewish nuances. Hezser examines the impact of domestic slavery on the ancient Jewish household and on family relationships. She discusses the perceived advantages of slaves over other types of labor and evaluates their role within the ancient Jewish economy. The ancient Jewish experience of slavery seems to have been so pervasive that slave images also entered theological discourse. Like their Graeco-Roman and Christian counterparts, ancient Jewish intellectuals did not advocate the abolition of slavery, but they used the biblical tradition and their own judgements to ameliorate the status quo. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420-AD 1804 David Eltis, Stanley L. Engerman, Keith R. Bradley, Paul Cartledge, Seymour Drescher, 2011-07-25 The various manifestations of coerced labour between the opening up of the Atlantic world and the formal creation of Haiti. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Exodus and Emancipation Kenneth Chelst, 2009-02-01 Presenting a new perspective on the saga of the enslavement of the Jewish people and their departure from Egypt, this study compares the Jewish experience with that of African-American slaves in the United States, as well as the latter group’s subsequent fight for dignity and equality. This consideration dives deeply into the biblical narrative, using classical and modern commentaries to explore the social, psychological, religious, and philosophical dimensions of the slave experience and mentality. It draws on slave narratives, published letters, eyewitness accounts, and recorded interviews with former slaves, together with historical, sociological, economic, and political analyses of this era. The book explores the five major needs of every long-term victim and journeys through these five stages with the Israelite and the African-American slaves on their historical path toward physical and psychological freedom. This rich, multi-dimensional collage of parallel and contrasting experiences is designed to enrich readers’ understanding of the plight of these two groups. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Thou Shalt Not Kill John Mortimer, 1994-01 A collection of crime stories by authors including John Mortimer, Ellis Peters, Charlotte Armstrong, Ralph McInerny and G.K. Chesterton. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Original Torah S. David Sperling, 2003-02 Is the Torah true? Do the five books of Moses provide an accurate historical account of the people of ancient Israel’s origins? In The Original Torah, S. David Sperling argues that, while there is no archeological evidence to support much of the activity chronicled in the Torah, a historical reality exists there if we know how to seek it. By noting the use of foreign words or mentions of technological innovations scholars can often pinpoint the date and place in which a text was written. Sperling examines the stories of the Torah against their historical and geographic backgrounds and arrives at a new conclusion: the tales of the Torah were originally composed as allegories whose purpose was distinctly and intentionally political. The book illustrates how the authors of the Pentateuch advanced their political and religious agenda by attributing deeds of historical figures like Jeroboam and David to ancient allegorical characters like Abraham and Jacob. If “Abraham“ had made peace with Philistines, for example, then David could rely on a precedent to do likewise. The Original Torah provides a new interpretive key to the foundational document of both Judaism and Christianity. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Israel in Egypt James K. Hoffmeier, 1999-03-18 Scholars of the Hebrew Bible have in the last decade begun to question the historical accuracy of the Israelite sojourn in Egypt, as described in the book of Exodus. The reason for the rejection of the exodus tradition is said to be the lack of historical and archaeological evidence in Egypt. Those advancing these claims, however, are not specialists in the study of Egyptian history, culture, and archaeology. In this pioneering book, James Hoffmeier examines the most current Egyptological evidence and argues that it supports the biblical record concerning Israel in Egypt. |
| israelites sold into slavery: A Condensed Anti-slavery Bible Argument George Bourne, 1845 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Slave John F. MacArthur, 2012-11-05 A COVER-UP OF BIBLICAL PROPORTIONS... Centuries ago, English translators perpetrated a fraud in the New Testament, and it’s been purposely hidden and covered up ever since. Your own Bible is probably included in the cover-up! In this book, which includes a study guide for personal or group use, John MacArthur unveils the essential and clarifying revelation that may be keeping you from a fulfilling—and correct—relationship with God. It’s powerful. It’s controversial. And with new eyes you’ll see the riches of your salvation in a radically new way. What does it mean to be a Christian the way Jesus defined it? MacArthur says it all boils down to one word: SLAVE “We have been bought with a price. We belong to Christ. We are His own possession.” Endorsements: Dr. John MacArthur is never afraid to tell the truth and in this book he does just that. The Christian's great privilege is to be the slave of Christ. Dr. MacArthur makes it clear that this is one of the Bible's most succinct ways of describing our discipleship. This is a powerful exposition of Scripture, a convincing corrective to shallow Christianity, a masterful work of pastoral encouragement...a devotional classic. - Dr. R. Albert Mohler, President, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary John MacArthur expertly and lucidly explains that Jesus frees us from bondage into a royal slavery that we might be His possession. Those who would be His children must, paradoxically, be willing to be His slaves. - Dr. R.C. Sproul Dr. John MacArthur's teaching on 'slavery' resonates in the deepest recesses of my 'inner-man.' As an African-American pastor, I have been there. That is why the thought of someone writing about slavery as being a 'God-send' was the most ludicrous, unconscionable thing that I could have ever imagined...until I read this book. Now I see that becoming a slave is a biblical command, completely redefining the idea of freedom in Christ. I don't want to simply be a 'follower' or even just a 'servant'...but a 'slave'. - The Rev. Dr. Dallas H. Wilson, Jr., Vicar, St. John's Episcopal Chapel, Charleston, SC |
| israelites sold into slavery: Did God Have a Wife? William G. Dever, 2008-07-23 This richly illustrated, non-technical reconstruction of folk religion in ancient Israel is based largely on recent archaeological evidence, but also incorporates biblical texts where possible. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Unholy the Slaves Bible David Charles Mills, 2009-06 Unholy is a complete 201 year old edition of the Bible that was planned, prepared and published in London for making slaves in The British West Indies Islands. Unholy transforms our knowledge and understanding of Western Civilization's long journey from freedom through slavery to freedom |
| israelites sold into slavery: Sold into Slavery Bible Pathway Adventures, Pip Reid, 2020-06-09 Joseph, son of Jacob, is given a special coat as a sign of his father’s love. Filled with jealousy, Joseph's brothers sell him into slavery. After years in prison, Joseph rises to power and becomes the powerful governor of Egypt. Famine in Canaan forces Joseph’s brothers to travel to Egypt in search of food. They appear before the Egyptian governor. Never in their wildest dreams could they have imagined their younger brother would become Pharaoh’s advisor. Can Joseph’s faith help him overcome his past and forgive his brothers? Filled with colorful illustrations and biblical truth, Sold into Slavery is part of the Bible Pathway Adventures' series of biblical adventures. If your children like gripping action and courageous Israelites, then they'll love this biblical adventure series from Bible Pathway Adventures. The search for truth is more fun than tradition! |
| israelites sold into slavery: Holy Bible (NIV) Various Authors,, 2008-09-02 The NIV is the world's best-selling modern translation, with over 150 million copies in print since its first full publication in 1978. This highly accurate and smooth-reading version of the Bible in modern English has the largest library of printed and electronic support material of any modern translation. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Antiquities of the Jews ; Book - II Flavius Josephus, 2021-12-16 The book, Antiquities of the Jews; Book - II , has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies and hence the text is clear and readable. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Chronology of the Old Testament Dr. Floyd Nolen Jones, 2004 Book and CD-ROM. The 'Chronology of the Old Testament' has one goal to accomplish: to demonstrate that every chronological statement contained in the Sacred Writ is consistent with all other chronological statements contained therein. The author carefully and thoroughly investigates the chronological and mathematical facts of the Old Testament, proving them to be accurate and reliable. This biblically sound, scholarly, and easy-to-understand book will enlighten and astound its readers with solutions and alternatives to many questions Bible scholars have had over the centuries. Were there 66, 70, or 75 'souls' in Egypt when Jacob arrived? Were the Hebrews in Egypt for 430 years, or a shorter length of time? How long did Jacob have to wait before marrying the first of Laban's daughters, and how long did he wait for the second? What year was Christ born? With reliable explanatory text, charts, and diagrams, this book provides a systematic framework of the chronology of the Bible from Genesis through the life of Christ. Wall-sized chronological charts included on CD-ROM. |
| israelites sold into slavery: H. I. S. Word Hebrew Israelite Scriptures-Gold Edition JediYah Melek, 2019-03-11 This revised and updated Bible translation is based on the original 1611 King James Version, which includes the Apocrypha Books, with all names restored to its original Hebrew. This version CONTAINS A TOTAL OF 96 BOOKS which have all been verified to align with the Hebrew Scriptures. This edition commemorates the 400 Years of U.S. Slavery. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Annals of the World James Ussher, 2003 CD-ROM contains timelines, photographs, articles, maps, music. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Dictionary of New Testament Background CRAIG A EVANS, STANLEY E PORTER, 2020-05-21 The 'Dictionary of New Testament Background' joins the 'Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels', the 'Dictionary of Paul and his Letters' and the 'Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments' as the fourth in a landmark series of reference works on the Bible. In a time when our knowledge of the ancient Mediterranean world has grown, this volume sets out for readers the wealth of Jewish and Greco-Roman background that should inform our reading and understanding of the New Testament and early Christianity. 'The Dictionary of New Testament Background', takes full advantage of the flourishing study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and offers individual articles focused on the most important scrolls. In addition, the Dictionary encompasses the fullness of second-temple Jewish writings, whether pseudepigraphic, rabbinic, parables, proverbs, histories or inscriptions. Articles abound on aspects of Jewish life and thought, including family, purity, liturgy and messianism. The full scope of Greco-Roman culture is displayed in articles ranging across language and rhetoric, literacy and book benefactors, travel and trade, intellectual movements and ideas, and ancient geographical perspectives. No other reference work presents so much in one place for students of the New Testament. Here an entire library of scholarship is made available in summary form. The Dictionary of New Testament Background can stand alone, or work in concert with one or more of its companion volumes in the series. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields, this wealth of knowledge of the New Testament era is carefully aimed at the needs of contemporary students of the New Testament. In addition, its full bibliographies and cross-references to other volumes in the series will make it the first book to reach for in any investigation of the New Testament in its ancient setting. |
| israelites sold into slavery: The War of Return Adi Schwartz, Einat Wilf, 2020-04-28 Two prominent Israeli liberals argue that for the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians to end with peace, Palestinians must come to terms with the fact that there will be no right of return. In 1948, seven hundred thousand Palestinians were forced out of their homes by the first Arab-Israeli War. More than seventy years later, most of their houses are long gone, but millions of their descendants are still registered as refugees, with many living in refugee camps. This group—unlike countless others that were displaced in the aftermath of World War II and other conflicts—has remained unsettled, demanding to settle in the state of Israel. Their belief in a right of return is one of the largest obstacles to successful diplomacy and lasting peace in the region. In The War of Return, Adi Schwartz and Einat Wilf—both liberal Israelis supportive of a two-state solution—reveal the origins of the idea of a right of return, and explain how UNRWA - the very agency charged with finding a solution for the refugees - gave in to Palestinian, Arab and international political pressure to create a permanent “refugee” problem. They argue that this Palestinian demand for a “right of return” has no legal or moral basis and make an impassioned plea for the US, the UN, and the EU to recognize this fact, for the good of Israelis and Palestinians alike. A runaway bestseller in Israel, the first English translation of The War of Return is certain to spark lively debate throughout America and abroad. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Scriptural and Statistical Views in Favor of Slavery Thornton Stringfellow, 1856 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Bible Defence of Slavery Josiah Priest, 1853 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Black Jews in Africa and the Americas Tudor Parfitt, 2013-02-04 Parfitt explains how many African peoples came to think of themselves as descendants of the ancient tribes of Israel. Pursuing medieval and modern race narratives over a millennium in which Jews were cast as black and black Africans were cast as Jews, he reveals a complex interaction between religious and racial labels and their political uses. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Life Application Study Bible Zondervan Publishing, Zondervan Publishing Staff, 2005-08-20 THUMB-INDEXED EDITIONOne of today's bestselling study Bibles, the NIV Life Application Study Bible has over 10,000 application notes to help you understand the message of Scripture and apply it to your life in practical ways. Character sketches allow you to learn from the lives of key Bible personalities while charts, time lines and a concordance enhance your study experience. This unique Bible is full of study directives to help you discover how God's Word applies to your life today. Features: * The most popular modern English Bible---the New International Version (NIV) * Over 10,000 in-text application notes* Over 100 character profiles* Charts, time lines, concordance, and other study helps |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Message of Israel's Lawgivers Charles Foster Kent, 1902 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Justice for All Jeremiah Unterman, 2017-03-01 Demonstrates how the Jewish Bible radically changed the course of ethical thought and as a result has had enormous influence on later Jewish thought and law, as well as on Christianity and the development of modern Western civilization-- |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Five Books of Moses Robert Alter, 2004 The brilliant biblical scholar offers a masterly new translation of the Hebrew Bible that gives readers the definitive editions of the Pentateuch. Alter's translation is combined with probing commentary that illuminates the text in a lyrical, lucid English. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament Carl Friedrich Keil, 1869 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Our People--history of the Jews Jacob Isaacs, 1981-01-01 A history of the Jewish people throughout the world, with an emphasis on the Divine Providence that has guided their destiny through the centuries. |
| israelites sold into slavery: What We Dragged Out of Slavery Claude A. Green, 2006 OurStory: What We Dragged Out of Slavery With Us sheds new light on the practices, customs, and events that continue to shape Black Americans today, and on their contributions to national and world culture. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Ancient Israel Roland De Vaux, 1997-03-25 Considered by many to be a modern classic, Ancient Israel offers a fascinating, full-scale reconstruction of the social and religious life of Israel in Old Testament times. Drawing principally on the text of the Old Testament itself, as well as from archaeological evidence and information gathered from the historical study of Israel's neighbors, de Vaux first provides an extensive introduction to the nomadic nature of life in ancient Israel and then traces in detail the developments of Israel's most important institutions--family, civil, military, and religious--and their influence on the nation's life and history. |
| israelites sold into slavery: Slavery, Captivity, Adoption, Redemption, Biblically, Orientally, & Personally Considered John Gadsby, 1876 |
| israelites sold into slavery: The Path to Tyranny Michael Newton, 2010-05-17 Examines how many free societies have fallen to tyranny and looks at the possibility that the United States could be next. |
| israelites sold into slavery: A Papyrus of the Late Middle Kingdom in the Brooklyn Museum, (Papyrus Brooklyn 35.1446) William Christopher Hayes, 1972 |
| israelites sold into slavery: נצור לשונך מרע Zelig Pliskin, 1975 |
| israelites sold into slavery: Pharaoh in Canaan Daphna Ben-Tor, 2016 |
Israelites - Wikipedia
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites were the descendants of Jacob, a patriarch who was later renamed as Israel. Due to a severe drought in Canaan, Jacob and his twelve sons fled to …
Israelite | Definition, Tribes, & Bible | Britannica
Israelite, descendant of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel after an all-night fight at Penuel near the stream of Jabbok (Genesis 32:28). In early history, Israelites …
Who are the Israelites? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · Who are the Israelites? The Israelites are the physical descendants of Abraham through Isaac and Jacob. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel in Genesis 32:28. From then …
Who Are The Israelites In The Bible? - Christian Website
Jan 14, 2024 · They are God’s chosen people in the Old Testament, known for having received the law from Moses at Mount Sinai and for conquering and settling the land of Canaan.
Who Are the Israelites? - Chabad.org
The term Israelite comes from the name Israel, which was conferred upon Jacob, grandson of Abraham, and father of the 12 Tribes, after his victory over the angel of Esau, with whom he …
What is the identity of the Israelites? - Bible Hub
The Israelites are the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, forming a nation central to the narrative of the Hebrew Scriptures. Their name derives from God changing Jacob’s name to …
Israelites - New World Encyclopedia
In the biblical account, the Israelites were the people chosen by God as the people of a special covenant, or agreement, according to which God would bless them and their descendants in …
Who Were the Ancient Israelites? A Brief History
Oct 20, 2024 · The ancient Israelites played an important role in the development of the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This makes their history …
Who Are the Israelites in the Bible? - freebiblestudyhub.com
May 9, 2025 · Understanding who the Israelites are is essential for grasping the narrative of Scripture, God ‘s covenantal promises, and the unfolding plan of salvation. Here are the …
WHO WERE THE ORIGINAL ISRAELITES | JewishExpert.com
“…Israel is a confederation of Hapiru tribes in the hill country of Canaan that formed the nation of Israel in the Iron Age. Originally, Abraham was part of an Amorite migration south into Canaan …
Israelites - Wikipedia
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites were the descendants of Jacob, a patriarch who was later renamed as Israel. Due to a severe drought in Canaan, Jacob and his twelve sons fled to …
Israelite | Definition, Tribes, & Bible | Britannica
Israelite, descendant of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel after an all-night fight at Penuel near the stream of Jabbok (Genesis 32:28). In early history, Israelites …
Who are the Israelites? - GotQuestions.org
Jan 4, 2022 · Who are the Israelites? The Israelites are the physical descendants of Abraham through Isaac and Jacob. God changed Jacob’s name to Israel in Genesis 32:28. From then …
Who Are The Israelites In The Bible? - Christian Website
Jan 14, 2024 · They are God’s chosen people in the Old Testament, known for having received the law from Moses at Mount Sinai and for conquering and settling the land of Canaan.
Who Are the Israelites? - Chabad.org
The term Israelite comes from the name Israel, which was conferred upon Jacob, grandson of Abraham, and father of the 12 Tribes, after his victory over the angel of Esau, with whom he …
What is the identity of the Israelites? - Bible Hub
The Israelites are the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, forming a nation central to the narrative of the Hebrew Scriptures. Their name derives from God changing Jacob’s name to …
Israelites - New World Encyclopedia
In the biblical account, the Israelites were the people chosen by God as the people of a special covenant, or agreement, according to which God would bless them and their descendants in …
Who Were the Ancient Israelites? A Brief History
Oct 20, 2024 · The ancient Israelites played an important role in the development of the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This makes their history …
Who Are the Israelites in the Bible? - freebiblestudyhub.com
May 9, 2025 · Understanding who the Israelites are is essential for grasping the narrative of Scripture, God ‘s covenantal promises, and the unfolding plan of salvation. Here are the …
WHO WERE THE ORIGINAL ISRAELITES | JewishExpert.com
“…Israel is a confederation of Hapiru tribes in the hill country of Canaan that formed the nation of Israel in the Iron Age. Originally, Abraham was part of an Amorite migration south into Canaan …
