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| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Behavior R. Duncan Luce, 2005-01-17 This influential treatise presents upper-level undergraduates and graduate students with a mathematical analysis of choice behavior. It begins with the statement of a general axiom upon which the rest of the book rests; the following three chapters, which may be read independently of each other, are devoted to applications of the theory to substantive problems: psychophysics, utility, and learning. Applications to psychophysics include considerations of time- and space-order effects, the Fechnerian assumption, the power law and its relation to discrimination data, interaction of continua, discriminal processes, signal detectability theory, and ranking of stimuli. The next major theme, utility theory, features unusual results that suggest an experiment to test the theory. The final chapters explore learning-related topics, analyzing the stochastic theories of learning as the basic approach — with the exception that distributions of response strengths are assumed to be transformed rather than response probabilities. The author arrives at three classes of learning operators, both linear and nonlinear, and the text concludes with a useful series of appendixes. |
| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Behavior Robert Duncan Luce, 1979 |
| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Behavior Luce, 1959-01-01 |
| individual choice behavior: Choice Theory William Glasser, 1999-01-06 Dr. William Glasser offers a new psychology that, if practiced, could reverse our widespread inability to get along with one another, an inability that is the source of almost all unhappiness. For progress in human relationships, he explains that we must give up the punishing, relationship–destroying external control psychology. For example, if you are in an unhappy relationship right now, he proposes that one or both of you could be using external control psychology on the other. He goes further. And suggests that misery is always related to a current unsatisfying relationship. Contrary to what you may believe, your troubles are always now, never in the past. No one can change what happened yesterday. |
| individual choice behavior: A THEORY OF INDIVIDUAL CHOICE BEHAVIOR. R. DUNCAN. LUCE, COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK BUREAU OF APPLIED SOCIAL RESEARCH., 1957 |
| individual choice behavior: The Paradox of Choice Barry Schwartz, 2009-10-13 Whether we're buying a pair of jeans, ordering a cup of coffee, selecting a long-distance carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the overwhelming abundance of choice with which we are presented. As Americans, we assume that more choice means better options and greater satisfaction. But beware of excessive choice: choice overload can make you question the decisions you make before you even make them, it can set you up for unrealistically high expectations, and it can make you blame yourself for any and all failures. In the long run, this can lead to decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress. And, in a culture that tells us that there is no excuse for falling short of perfection when your options are limitless, too much choice can lead to clinical depression. In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz explains at what point choice—the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination that we so cherish—becomes detrimental to our psychological and emotional well-being. In accessible, engaging, and anecdotal prose, Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has paradoxically become a problem instead of a solution. Schwartz also shows how our obsession with choice encourages us to seek that which makes us feel worse. By synthesizing current research in the social sciences, Schwartz makes the counter intuitive case that eliminating choices can greatly reduce the stress, anxiety, and busyness of our lives. He offers eleven practical steps on how to limit choices to a manageable number, have the discipline to focus on those that are important and ignore the rest, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make. |
| individual choice behavior: Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation Kenneth Train, 2009-07-06 This book describes the new generation of discrete choice methods, focusing on the many advances that are made possible by simulation. Researchers use these statistical methods to examine the choices that consumers, households, firms, and other agents make. Each of the major models is covered: logit, generalized extreme value, or GEV (including nested and cross-nested logits), probit, and mixed logit, plus a variety of specifications that build on these basics. Simulation-assisted estimation procedures are investigated and compared, including maximum stimulated likelihood, method of simulated moments, and method of simulated scores. Procedures for drawing from densities are described, including variance reduction techniques such as anithetics and Halton draws. Recent advances in Bayesian procedures are explored, including the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and its variant Gibbs sampling. The second edition adds chapters on endogeneity and expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms. No other book incorporates all these fields, which have arisen in the past 25 years. The procedures are applicable in many fields, including energy, transportation, environmental studies, health, labor, and marketing. |
| individual choice behavior: Behavioral Decision Theory Kazuhisa Takemura, 2021-09-29 This book is the second edition of Behavioral Decision Theory, published in 2014. The main approach and structure of this book have been retained in the new edition. However, this second edition provides a fresh overview of the idea of behavioral decision theory and related research findings such as theoretical and empirical discoveries of preference formation, time discounting, social interaction, and social decision making. The book covers a wide range from classical to relatively recent major studies concerning behavioral decision theory, which, in brief, is a general term for descriptive theories to explain the psychological knowledge related to people’s decision-making behavior. It is called a theory but is actually a combination of various psychological theories, for which no axiomatic systems—such as those associated with the utility theory widely used in economics—have been established. The utility theory is often limited to qualitative knowledge; however, as the studies of Nobel laureates H. A. Simon, D. Kahneman, and R. Thaler have suggested, the psychological methodology and knowledge of behavioral decision theory have been applied widely in such fields as economics, business administration, and engineering and are expected to become even more useful in the future. Research into people’s decision making represents an important part in those fields, various aspects of which overlap with the scope of behavioral decision theory. This theory is closely related to behavioral economics and behavioral finance, which have come into greater use in recent years. This book will appeal especially to graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers who are interested in decision-making phenomena. |
| individual choice behavior: Economic Choice Theory John H. Kagel, Raymond C. Battalio, Leonard Green, 2007-03-23 This book details the results of the authors' research using laboratory animals to investigate individual choice theory in economics: consumer-demand and labor-supply behavior and choice under uncertainty. The use of laboratory animals provides the opportunity to conduct controlled experiments involving precise and demanding tests of economic theory with rewards and punishments of real consequence. Economic models are compared to psychological and biological choice models along with the results of experiments testing between these competing explanations. |
| individual choice behavior: Discrete Choice Analysis Moshe Ben-Akiva, Steven R. Lerman, 2018-04-20 Discrete Choice Analysis presents these results in such a way that they are fully accessible to the range of students and professionals who are involved in modelling demand and consumer behavior in general or specifically in transportation - whether from the point of view of the design of transit systems, urban and transport economics, public policy, operations research, or systems management and planning. The methods of discrete choice analysis and their applications in the modelling of transportation systems constitute a comparatively new field that has largely evolved over the past 15 years. Since its inception, however, the field has developed rapidly, and this is the first text and reference work to cover the material systematically, bringing together the scattered and often inaccessible results for graduate students and professionals. Discrete Choice Analysis presents these results in such a way that they are fully accessible to the range of students and professionals who are involved in modelling demand and consumer behavior in general or specifically in transportation - whether from the point of view of the design of transit systems, urban and transport economics, public policy, operations research, or systems management and planning. The introductory chapter presents the background of discrete choice analysis and context of transportation demand forecasting. Subsequent chapters cover, among other topics, the theories of individual choice behavior, binary and multinomial choice models, aggregate forecasting techniques, estimation methods, tests used in the process of model development, sampling theory, the nested-logit model, and systems of models. Discrete Choice Analysis is ninth in the MIT Press Series in Transportation Studies, edited by Marvin Manheim. |
| individual choice behavior: Studies in Individual Choice Behavior Dean T. Jamison, 1970 The dissertation comprises a number of essays linked by a common theme. The common theme is that all the sections of the dissertation deal with one aspect or another of the theory of individual choice behavior. Section Two focuses on choices involving time; Section Three focuses on how information affects choices involving uncertainty. The final section, Section Four, reports on some empirical studies relating to the theoretical developments. Disciplines ranging as broadly as statistics, psychology, philosophy, and economics are concerned in one way or another with aspects of the theory of individual choice behavior. |
| individual choice behavior: Philosophy of Economics Uskali Mäki, 2012-06-12 Part of the Handbook of the Philosophy of Science Series edited by: Dov M. Gabbay King's College, London, UK; Paul Thagard University of Waterloo, Canada; and John Woods University of British Columbia, Canada. Philosophy of Economics investigates the foundational concepts and methods of economics, the social science that analyzes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. This groundbreaking collection, the most thorough treatment of the philosophy of economics ever published, brings together philosophers, scientists and historians to map out the central topics in the field. The articles are divided into two groups. Chapters in the first group deal with various philosophical issues characteristic of economics in general, including realism and Lakatos, explanation and testing, modeling and mathematics, political ideology and feminist epistemology. Chapters in the second group discuss particular methods, theories and branches of economics, including forecasting and measurement, econometrics and experimentation, rational choice and agency issues, game theory and social choice, behavioral economics and public choice, geographical economics and evolutionary economics, and finally the economics of scientific knowledge. This volume serves as a detailed introduction for those new to the field as well as a rich source of new insights and potential research agendas for those already engaged with the philosophy of economics. Provides a bridge between philosophy and current scientific findings Encourages multi-disciplinary dialogue Covers theory and applications |
| individual choice behavior: Limits to Action J. E. R. Staddon, 2013-10-02 Limits to Action: The Allocation of Individual Behavior presents the ideas and methods in the study of how individual organisms allocate their limited time and energy and the consequences of such allocation. The book is a survey of individual resource allocation, emphasizing the relationships of the concepts of utility, reinforcement, and Darwinian fitness. The chapters are arranged beginning with plants and general evolutionary considerations, through animal behavior in nature and laboratory, and ending with human behavior in suburb and institution. Topics discussed include operant conditioning; the principle of diminishing returns; and issues in relation to mating strategies. Biologists, sociologists, economists, and psychologists will find the book interesting. |
| individual choice behavior: Choice, Behavioral Economics, and Addiction Rudolph Eugene Vuchinich, Nick Heather, 2003-11-13 Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction is about the theory, data, and applied implications of choice-based models of substance use and addiction. The distinction between substance use and addiction is important, because many individuals use substances but are not also addicted to them. The behavioural economic perspective has made contributions to the analysis of both of these phenomena and, while the major focus of the book is on theories of addiction, it is necessary also to consider the behavioural economic account of substance use in order to place the theories in their proper context and provide full coverage of the contribution of behavioural economics to this field of study. The book discusses the four major theories of addiction that have been developed in the area of economic science/behavioural economics. They are: . hyperbolic discounting . melioration . relative addiction . rational addiction The main objective of the book is to popularise these ideas among addiction researchers, academics and practitioners. The specific aims are to articulate the shared and distinctive elements of these four theories, to present and discuss the latest empirical work on substance abuse and addiction that is being conducted in this area, and to articulate a range of applied implications of this body of work for clinical, public health and public policy initiatives. The book is based on an invitation-only conference entitled, Choice, Behavioural Economics and Addiction: Theory, Evidence and Applications held at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, March 30 - April 1, 2001. The conference was attended by prominent scientists and scholars, representing a range of disciplines concerned with theories of addiction and their consequences for policy and practice. The papers in the book are based on the papers given at the above conference, together with commentaries by distinguished experts and, in many cases, replies to these comments by the presenters. |
| individual choice behavior: Dynamic Influences on Individual Choice Behavior Robert J. Meyer, 2015 Research examining the process of individual decision making over time is briefly reviewed. We focus on two major areas of work in choice dynamics: research that has examined how current choices are influenced by the history of previous choices, and newer work examining how choices may be made to exploit expectations about options available in the future. A central theme of the survey is that if a general understanding of choice dynamics is to emerge, it will come through the development of boundedly-rational models of dynamic problem solving that lie on the interface between economics and psychology. |
| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Behavior Under Social Influence Juhani Pietarinen, 1966 |
| individual choice behavior: Elicitation of Preferences Baruch Fischhoff, Charles F. Manski, 2013-03-14 Economists and psychologists have, on the whole, exhibited sharply different perspectives on the elicitation of preferences. Economists, who have made preference the central primitive in their thinking about human behavior, have for the most part rejected elicitation and have instead sought to infer preferences from observations of choice behavior. Psychologists, who have tended to think of preference as a context-determined subjective construct, have embraced elicitation as their dominant approach to measurement. This volume, based on a symposium organized by Daniel McFadden at the University of California at Berkeley, provides a provocative and constructive engagement between economists and psychologists on the elicitation of preferences. |
| individual choice behavior: Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior Mark R. Leary, Rick H. Hoyle, 2013-12-17 How do individual differences interact with situational factors to shape social behavior? Are people with certain traits more likely to form lasting marriages; experience test-taking anxiety; break the law; feel optimistic about the future? This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. The contributors are acknowledged experts who have conducted influential research on the constructs they address. Chapters discuss how each personality attribute is conceptualized and assessed, review the strengths and limitations of available measures (including child and adolescent measures, when available), present important findings related to social behavior, and identify directions for future study. |
| individual choice behavior: Policy and Choice William J. Congdon, Jeffrey R. Kling, Sendhil Mullainathan, 2011 Argues that public finance--the study of the government's role in economics--should incorporate principles from behavior economics and other branches of psychology. |
| individual choice behavior: Social Choice and Individual Values Kenneth J. Arrow, 2012-06-26 Originally published in 1951, Social Choice and Individual Values introduced “Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem” and founded the field of social choice theory in economics and political science. This new edition, including a new foreword by Nobel laureate Eric Maskin, reintroduces Arrow’s seminal book to a new generation of students and researchers. Far beyond a classic, this small book unleashed the ongoing explosion of interest in social choice and voting theory. A half-century later, the book remains full of profound insight: its central message, ‘Arrow’s Theorem,’ has changed the way we think.”—Donald G. Saari, author of Decisions and Elections: Explaining the Unexpected |
| individual choice behavior: Individual choice behavior under social influence Juhani Pietarinen, 1966 |
| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Behavior Under Social Influence Juhani Pietarinen, 1966 |
| individual choice behavior: Choices, Values, and Frames Daniel Kahneman, Amos Tversky, 2000-09-25 This book presents the definitive exposition of 'prospect theory', a compelling alternative to the classical utility theory of choice. Building on the 1982 volume, Judgement Under Uncertainty, this book brings together seminal papers on prospect theory from economists, decision theorists, and psychologists, including the work of the late Amos Tversky, whose contributions are collected here for the first time. While remaining within a rational choice framework, prospect theory delivers more accurate, empirically verified predictions in key test cases, as well as helping to explain many complex, real-world puzzles. In this volume, it is brought to bear on phenomena as diverse as the principles of legal compensation, the equity premium puzzle in financial markets, and the number of hours that New York cab drivers choose to drive on rainy days. Theoretically elegant and empirically robust, this volume shows how prospect theory has matured into a new science of decision making. |
| individual choice behavior: Individual Choice Under Certainty and Uncertainty Kenneth Joseph Arrow, 1984 The third volume of Arrow's Collected Papers concerns the basic concept of rationality as it applies to an economic decision maker. In particular, it addresses the problem of choice faced by consumers in a multicommodity world and presents specific models of choice useful in economic analysis. It also discusses choice models under uncertainty. |
| individual choice behavior: Review of WIC Food Packages National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee to Review WIC Food Packages, 2017-06-25 The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In this third report, the committee provides its final analyses, recommendations, and the supporting rationale. |
| individual choice behavior: Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory Mary Zey, 1997-12-30 An ambitious new work by a well-respected economic sociologist, Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique, offers a new perspective on the strategy and actions of organizations. In merging economic, psychological, and sociological literature as they focus on organizations, author Mary Zey contends that a historical political economy contingency theory provides the key to understanding how organizations function and the relationships between individuals and organizations in which they work. She brings to our attention that economic and other types of organizations differ in their behavior from rational individuals and rational markets. Zey integrates macro- and micro-levels of analysis while drawing together internal and external contingencies to explain how decisions are taken. Zey interprets, synthesizes, and critiques the important work of renowned scholars of rational choice, finance, and organizations including James March, Michael Jensen, and Oliver Williamson to analyze corporate decision making, differentiating it from individual decision making. The analysis is distinguished by inclusive thinking and new approaches to issues that have long confronted those who think about, theorize about, work with, and manage organizations. Mary ZeyÆs work expands the understanding of decision making by presenting evidence that points to the wide range and complexity of human decision making. The rational choice theorists, led most notably by Oliver Williamson and James Coleman, adhere to the tenets of transaction cost analysis and agency theory when looking at micro- and macro-level decisions made by people and organizations. Other models of decision making (habit, emotion, moral and ethical values, among others) have been labeled as deviations from formal rationality. Mary Zey calls these deviations alternative motives behind decision making, and her books are an attempt to present the leading work from this point of view. Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory: A Critique is the first single-authored volume to analyze and present an alternative model to decision making theory and serves as a companion to Decision Making (Sage, 1992). Rational Choice Theory and Organizational Theory will be useful to professors and students of decision making theory, organizational theory, sociology of organizations, and social theory. |
| individual choice behavior: Micromotives and Macrobehavior Thomas C. Schelling, 2006-10-17 Before Freakonomics and The Tipping Point there was this classic by the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Economics. Schelling here offers an early analysis of 'tipping' in social situations involving a large number of individuals. —official citation for the 2005 Nobel Prize Micromotives and Macrobehavior was originally published over twenty-five years ago, yet the stories it tells feel just as fresh today. And the subject of these stories—how small and seemingly meaningless decisions and actions by individuals often lead to significant unintended consequences for a large group—is more important than ever. In one famous example, Thomas C. Schelling shows that a slight-but-not-malicious preference to have neighbors of the same race eventually leads to completely segregated populations. The updated edition of this landmark book contains a new preface and the author's Nobel Prize acceptance speech. |
| individual choice behavior: Behavioral Finance H. Kent Baker, John R. Nofsinger, 2010-10-05 A definitive guide to the growing field of behavioral finance This reliable resource provides a comprehensive view of behavioral finance and its psychological foundations, as well as its applications to finance. Comprising contributed chapters written by distinguished authors from some of the most influential firms and universities in the world, Behavioral Finance provides a synthesis of the most essential elements of this discipline, including psychological concepts and behavioral biases, the behavioral aspects of asset pricing, asset allocation, and market prices, as well as investor behavior, corporate managerial behavior, and social influences. Uses a structured approach to put behavioral finance in perspective Relies on recent research findings to provide guidance through the maze of theories and concepts Discusses the impact of sub-optimal financial decisions on the efficiency of capital markets, personal wealth, and the performance of corporations Behavioral finance has quickly become part of mainstream finance. If you need to gain a better understanding of this topic, look no further than this book. |
| individual choice behavior: How to Win Friends and Influence People , 2024-02-17 You can go after the job you want…and get it! You can take the job you have…and improve it! You can take any situation you’re in…and make it work for you! Since its release in 1936, How to Win Friends and Influence People has sold more than 30 million copies. Dale Carnegie’s first book is a timeless bestseller, packed with rock-solid advice that has carried thousands of now famous people up the ladder of success in their business and personal lives. As relevant as ever before, Dale Carnegie’s principles endure, and will help you achieve your maximum potential in the complex and competitive modern age. Learn the six ways to make people like you, the twelve ways to win people to your way of thinking, and the nine ways to change people without arousing resentment. |
| individual choice behavior: Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox M. Allais, G.M. Hagen, 2013-03-14 Utility theory or, value theory in general, is certainly the cornerstone of decision theory, game theory, microecon~mics, and all social and political theories which deal with public decisions. Recently the American School of utility, founded by von N eumann Morgenstern, encountered a far-going criticism by the French School of utility represented by its founder Allais. The whole basis of the theory of decisions involving risk has been shaken and put into question. Consequently, basic research in the fundamentals of utility and value theory evolved into a crisis. Like any crisis in basic research, and this one was not an exception, it was very fruitful. One may simply say: Allais versus von Neumann-Morgenstern, or the French School of utility versus the American School, became one of the battlefields of scientific development which proved to be a most creative source of new advances and new developments in all those sciences which are based on evaluation of utilities. |
| individual choice behavior: ADKAR Jeff Hiatt, 2006 In his first complete text on the ADKAR model, Jeff Hiatt explains the origin of the model and explores what drives each building block of ADKAR. Learn how to build awareness, create desire, develop knowledge, foster ability and reinforce changes in your organization. The ADKAR Model is changing how we think about managing the people side of change, and provides a powerful foundation to help you succeed at change. |
| individual choice behavior: Model Rules of Professional Conduct American Bar Association. House of Delegates, Center for Professional Responsibility (American Bar Association), 2007 The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts. |
| individual choice behavior: Rational Choice and Collective Decisions Diego Lanzi, 2025-03-27 What does rational choice mean? When do we act rationally in making decisions? Is it possible to have collectively rational choices? If yes, can democratic voting be an expression of such social rationality? The book provides a primer in rational and social choice theory for approaching these issues. Last year's undergraduate or PhD students are the main target of the book, or teachers interested in having an up-to-date textbook, full of examples and exercises. Key facets of the textbook include: a focus on formal results together with easy-to-handle examples, a literature review updated with recent research results and an extended approach which links topics covered here with other fields of scientific inquiry. |
| individual choice behavior: National Choices and International Processes Zeev Maoz, 1990-06-29 National Choices and International Processes will be of interest to students and specialists in foreign policy and international relations theory. |
| individual choice behavior: Proceedings, Symposium on Recreation Choice Behavior , 1985 |
| individual choice behavior: Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Micro Level Katherine van Wormer, 2010-10-11 While social work policy can be considered the what, and practice, the how, the study of human behavior is concerned with why. Why do people do the things they do? Why do individuals behave differently in groups than when alone? Why do some people become the victims of their lives while others who have endured tragedy become life's heroes? Resilience across the life span is a new major theme of the second edition of the bestselling Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Micro Level. In an elegant and accessible manner, Katherine van Wormer explores the nuances of the biological, psychological, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of our social lives from an ecosystems and empowerment-based perspective. Drawing on examples from social work, psychology, literature, philosophy, and current events, vignettes highlight the turning points in our lives and invite students to explore the contradictions between how we mean to be and how others view us. The result is an essential book that bridges theory and practice, providing extraordinary insight into our drives and motivations, and revealing the myriad patterns and paradoxes of our behavior in the social context. * Integrates new research findings and recent census and global health data * Revised with augmented discussions of multiculturalism, Latino/Latina identity issues, and late adulthood to reflect demographic changes in the United States * Outlines theoretical concepts and practice implications in each chapter * Places unique emphasis on biology's influence on human behavior, employing the latest empirical data in discussions of matters such as gender differences, genetics, and mental disorders * Focuses on evidence-based theory and research * Teaches from a global, cross-cultural, perspective, highlighting themes of empowerment and social justice * Features dynamic readings, personal narratives, and photographs that highlight each chapter's topic * Accompanied by an online instructor's manual with lecture presentations, chapter summaries, key terms, suggested classroom activities, and a test bank with essay and multiple choice questions at www.oup.com/us/HBSE/ Don't miss the companion volume, Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Macro Level, Second Edition written with Fred H. Besthorn, which develops a sophisticated and original view of the cultural, global, spiritual, and natural worlds that people inhabit, and the impact of these worlds on human behavior. |
| individual choice behavior: Applied Choice Analysis David A. Hensher, John M. Rose, William H. Greene, 2005-06-02 Almost without exception, everything human beings undertake involves a choice. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the development and application of quantitative statistical methods to study choices made by individuals with the purpose of gaining a better understanding both of how choices are made and of forecasting future choice responses. In this primer the authors provide an unintimidating introduction to the main techniques of choice analysis and include detail on themes such as data collection and preparation, model estimation and interpretation and the design of choice experiments. A companion website to the book provides practice data sets and software to estimate the main discrete choice models such as multinomial logit, nested logit and mixed logit. This primer will be an invaluable resource to students as well as of immense value to consultants and professionals, researchers and anyone else interested in choice analysis and modelling. |
| individual choice behavior: Laziness Does Not Exist Devon Price, 2022-01-04 A social psychologist uncovers the psychological basis of the laziness lie, which originated with the Puritans and has ultimately created blurred boundaries between work and life with modern technologies and offers advice for not succumbing to societal pressure to do more. |
| individual choice behavior: The Matching Law Richard J. Herrnstein, 1997 This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making. |
| individual choice behavior: The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology Michael I. Norton, Derek D. Rucker, Cait Lamberton, 2015-09-09 Why do consumers make the purchases they do, and which ones make them truly happy? Why are consumers willing to spend huge sums of money to appear high status? This Handbook addresses these key questions and many more. It provides a comprehensive overview of consumer psychology, examining cutting-edge research at the individual, interpersonal, and societal levels. Leading scholars summarize past and current findings, and consider future lines of inquiry to deepen our understanding of the psychology behind consumers' decision making, their interactions with other consumers, and the effects of societal factors on consumption. The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology will act as a valuable guide for faculty as well as graduate and undergraduate students in psychology, marketing, management, sociology, and anthropology. |
apostrophe - Individual's or individuals' - English Language
Dec 3, 2020 · Although the word individual sounds singular because it relates to one person, it is possible to have two or more individuals. This is the case in your sentence. You could have …
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What do you call an individual who tolerates criticism?
Jan 14, 2015 · As there isn't a specific context given, I'm going to suggest a self-explanatory term: criticism-tolerant.. It is a neologism and not a common word but everyone would understand.
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Jan 11, 2017 · A right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class: ‘in some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich’ Per your example . the feature …
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Mar 21, 2019 · Imagine you were learning English as a foreign language; I'm sure you'd be told that (unless there is gender ambiguity) a female individual requires the possessive adjective …
Referring to an email sent to an individual, but not in the main ...
Feb 25, 2016 · Consider this situation : Somebody (A) sends a mail with subject S, to many folks (B,C,D) who send few responses to all recipients, with the same subject S, meaning that these …
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Jan 17, 2023 · Directly responsible individual. Apple coined the term "directly responsible individual" (DRI) to refer to the one person with whom the buck stopped on any given project. …
Word or short phrase to describe an individual who does not tend ...
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Mar 3, 2012 · However the term tailored had been hijacked in certain circumstances, for instance tailored shirt is a term used in the UK for an off-the-peg shirt with sides that aren't straight, but I …
apostrophe - Individual's or individuals' - English Language
Dec 3, 2020 · Although the word individual sounds singular because it relates to one person, it is possible to have two or more individuals. This is the case in your sentence. You could have …
How to describe an individual who always speaks in a "matter of …
I have a friend who always speaks in a very matter-of-fact manner. On numerous occasions, he has mentioned how it was "the best BLANK" he has ever had, or "the best BLANK in the city." …
What do you call an individual who tolerates criticism?
Jan 14, 2015 · As there isn't a specific context given, I'm going to suggest a self-explanatory term: criticism-tolerant.. It is a neologism and not a common word but everyone would understand.
What is a word to describe something that belongs exclusively to …
Jan 11, 2017 · A right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class: ‘in some countries, higher education is predominantly the prerogative of the rich’ Per your example . the feature …
single word requests - Legal name for "individual" vs. "company ...
Saeed, is there a legal requirement for your site to use the right words? If so, you may want to check with a lawyer instead. If not, I think "individual" and "organization" covers them; the …
pronouns - Is it correct to use "their" when referring to a single ...
Mar 21, 2019 · Imagine you were learning English as a foreign language; I'm sure you'd be told that (unless there is gender ambiguity) a female individual requires the possessive adjective …
Referring to an email sent to an individual, but not in the main ...
Feb 25, 2016 · Consider this situation : Somebody (A) sends a mail with subject S, to many folks (B,C,D) who send few responses to all recipients, with the same subject S, meaning that these …
single word requests - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
Jan 17, 2023 · Directly responsible individual. Apple coined the term "directly responsible individual" (DRI) to refer to the one person with whom the buck stopped on any given project. …
Word or short phrase to describe an individual who does not tend ...
Jan 7, 2016 · I'm looking for a good way to express the concept of someone whose natural predisposition tends towards less extremes of emotion than the average person; they get less …
word choice - tailored to someone needs VS tailor-made - English ...
Mar 3, 2012 · However the term tailored had been hijacked in certain circumstances, for instance tailored shirt is a term used in the UK for an off-the-peg shirt with sides that aren't straight, but …
