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| jack welch winning ebook free download: Winning (Enhanced Edition) Jack Welch, Suzy Welch, 2013-03-26 A champion manager of people, Jack Welch shares the hard-earned wisdom of a storied career in what will become the ultimate business bible With Winning, Jack Welch delivers a wide-ranging, in-depth, no-holds-barred management guidebook about the tough strategic, organizational, and personal challenges that face people at every stage of their careers. Loaded with candid personal anecdotes, hard-hitting advice, and invaluable dos and don’ts, Jack explains his theory of business, by laying out the four most important principles that form the foundation of his success. Chapters include: How to Get Promoted, How to Think about Strategy, How to Write a Budget that Works, How to Work for a Jerk, How Find Work-Life Balance and How Start Something New. Enlivened by quotes from business leaders that Welch interviewed especially for the book, it’s a tour de force that reflects Welch’s mastery of execution, excellence and leadership. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Real-Life MBA: The no-nonsense guide to winning the game, building a team and growing your career Jack Welch, Suzy Welch, 2015-04-14 Business authors Jack and Suzy Welch return, nearly a decade after publishing their international bestseller, Winning, to tackle the most pressing business challenges in the modern world. From creating winning strategies to leading and managing others The Real Life MBA acts as an essential guide for every person in business today – and tomorrow. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Man Who Broke Capitalism David Gelles, 2022-05-31 New York Times Bestseller New York Times reporter and “Corner Office” columnist David Gelles reveals legendary GE CEO Jack Welch to be the root of all that’s wrong with capitalism today and offers advice on how we might right those wrongs. In 1981, Jack Welch took over General Electric and quickly rose to fame as the first celebrity CEO. He golfed with presidents, mingled with movie stars, and was idolized for growing GE into the most valuable company in the world. But Welch’s achievements didn’t stem from some greater intelligence or business prowess. Rather, they were the result of a sustained effort to push GE’s stock price ever higher, often at the expense of workers, consumers, and innovation. In this captivating, revelatory book, David Gelles argues that Welch single-handedly ushered in a new, cutthroat era of American capitalism that continues to this day. Gelles chronicles Welch’s campaign to vaporize hundreds of thousands of jobs in a bid to boost profits, eviscerating the country’s manufacturing base and destabilizing the middle class. Welch’s obsession with downsizing—he eliminated 10% of employees every year—fundamentally altered GE and inspired generations of imitators who have employed his strategies at other companies around the globe. In his day, Welch was corporate America’s leading proponent of mergers and acquisitions, using deals to gobble up competitors and giving rise to an economy that is more concentrated and less dynamic. And Welch pioneered the dark arts of “financialization,” transforming GE from an admired industrial manufacturer into what was effectively an unregulated bank. The finance business was hugely profitable in the short term and helped Welch keep GE’s stock price ticking up. But ultimately, financialization undermined GE and dozens of other Fortune 500 companies. Gelles shows how Welch’s celebrated emphasis on increasing shareholder value by any means necessary (layoffs, outsourcing, offshoring, acquisitions, and buybacks, to name but a few tactics) became the norm in American business generally. He demonstrates how that approach has led to the greatest socioeconomic inequality since the Great Depression and harmed many of the very companies that have embraced it. And he shows how a generation of Welch acolytes radically transformed companies like Boeing, Home Depot, Kraft Heinz, and more. Finally, Gelles chronicles the change that is now afoot in corporate America, highlighting companies and leaders who have abandoned Welchism and are proving that it is still possible to excel in the business world without destroying livelihoods, gutting communities, and spurning regulation. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Outsiders William N. Thorndike Jr., 2012-10-02 “An outstanding book about CEOs who excelled at capital allocation.” — Warren Buffett #1 on Warren Buffett’s Recommended Reading List, Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder Letter, 2012 Named one of “19 Books Billionaire Charlie Munger Thinks You Should Read” in Business Insider. “A book that details the extraordinary success of CEOs who took a radically different approach to corporate management.” — Charlie Munger, Vice-Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Corporation “Thorndike explores the importance of thoughtful capital allocation through the stories of eight successful CEOs. A good read for any business leader but especially those willing to chart their own course.” — Michael Dell, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of Dell What makes a successful CEO? Most people call to mind a familiar definition: “a seasoned manager with deep industry expertise.” Others might point to the qualities of today’s so-called celebrity CEOs—charisma, virtuoso communication skills, and a confident management style. But what really matters when you run an organization? What is the hallmark of exceptional CEO performance? Quite simply, it is the returns for the shareholders of that company over the long term. In this refreshing, counterintuitive book, author Will Thorndike brings to bear the analytical wisdom of a successful career in investing, closely evaluating the performance of companies and their leaders. You will meet eight individualistic CEOs whose firms’ average returns outperformed the S&P 500 by a factor of twenty—in other words, an investment of $10,000 with each of these CEOs, on average, would have been worth over $1.5 million twenty-five years later. You may not know all their names, but you will recognize their companies: General Cinema, Ralston Purina, The Washington Post Company, Berkshire Hathaway, General Dynamics, Capital Cities Broadcasting, TCI, and Teledyne. In The Outsiders, you’ll learn the traits and methods—striking for their consistency and relentless rationality—that helped these unique leaders achieve such exceptional performance. Humble, unassuming, and often frugal, these “outsiders” shunned Wall Street and the press, and shied away from the hottest new management trends. Instead, they shared specific traits that put them and the companies they led on winning trajectories: a laser-sharp focus on per share value as opposed to earnings or sales growth; an exceptional talent for allocating capital and human resources; and the belief that cash flow, not reported earnings, determines a company’s long-term value. Drawing on years of research and experience, Thorndike tells eye-opening stories, extracting lessons and revealing a compelling alternative model for anyone interested in leading a company or investing in one—and reaping extraordinary returns. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Playing to Win A.G. Lafley, Roger L. Martin, 2013-02-05 A Wall Street Journal and Washington Post Bestseller A playbook for creating your company's winning strategy. Strategy is not complex. But it is hard. It’s hard because it forces people and organizations to make specific choices about their future—something that doesn’t happen in most companies. Now two of today’s best-known business thinkers get to the heart of strategy—explaining what it’s for, how to think about it, why you need it, and how to get it done. And they use one of the most successful corporate turnarounds of the past century, which they achieved together, to prove their point. A.G. Lafley, former CEO of Procter & Gamble, in close partnership with strategic adviser Roger Martin, doubled P&G’s sales, quadrupled its profits, and increased its market value by more than $100 billion in just ten years. Now, drawn from their years of experience at P&G and the Rotman School of Management, where Martin is dean, this book shows how leaders in organizations of all sizes can guide everyday actions with larger strategic goals built around the clear, essential elements that determine business success—where to play and how to win. The result is a playbook for winning. Lafley and Martin have created a set of five essential strategic choices that, when addressed in an integrated way, will move you ahead of your competitors. They are: • What is our winning aspiration? • Where will we play? • How will we win? • What capabilities must we have in place to win? • What management systems are required to support our choices? The stories of how P&G repeatedly won by applying this method to iconic brands such as Olay, Bounty, Gillette, Swiffer, and Febreze clearly illustrate how deciding on a strategic approach—and then making the right choices to support it—makes the difference between just playing the game and actually winning. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Jack Welch & The G.E. Way: Management Insights and Leadership Secrets of the Legendary CEO Robert Slater, 1999 Behind the scenes with the legendary CEO Jack Welch’s innovative leadership strategies revived a lagging GE, transforming it into a powerhouse with a staggering $300 billion-plus market capitalization. In writing Jack Welch and the GE Way, author Robert Slater was given unprecedented access to Welch and other prominent GE insiders. What emerged is a brilliant portrait that tells you what makes Jack Welch tick. Learn how to work the Welch magic on your own company as you find out how he dismantled the boundaries between management layers, between engineers and marketers, between GE and its customers to streamline the process of getting products and services to market. Get details on Welch’s far-reaching Six Sigma quality initiative, and discover how its principles and standards can save billions of dollars...how and why he has made GE a truly global company (and why you must think global as well)...and all the other Welch midas touch strategies you can put to work in your organization, at every level! |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Good to Great Jim Collins, 2001-10-16 The Challenge Built to Last, the defining management study of the nineties, showed how great companies triumph over time and how long-term sustained performance can be engineered into the DNA of an enterprise from the verybeginning. But what about the company that is not born with great DNA? How can good companies, mediocre companies, even bad companies achieve enduring greatness? The Study For years, this question preyed on the mind of Jim Collins. Are there companies that defy gravity and convert long-term mediocrity or worse into long-term superiority? And if so, what are the universal distinguishing characteristics that cause a company to go from good to great? The Standards Using tough benchmarks, Collins and his research team identified a set of elite companies that made the leap to great results and sustained those results for at least fifteen years. How great? After the leap, the good-to-great companies generated cumulative stock returns that beat the general stock market by an average of seven times in fifteen years, better than twice the results delivered by a composite index of the world's greatest companies, including Coca-Cola, Intel, General Electric, and Merck. The Comparisons The research team contrasted the good-to-great companies with a carefully selected set of comparison companies that failed to make the leap from good to great. What was different? Why did one set of companies become truly great performers while the other set remained only good? Over five years, the team analyzed the histories of all twenty-eight companies in the study. After sifting through mountains of data and thousands of pages of interviews, Collins and his crew discovered the key determinants of greatness -- why some companies make the leap and others don't. The Findings The findings of the Good to Great study will surprise many readers and shed light on virtually every area of management strategy and practice. The findings include: Level 5 Leaders: The research team was shocked to discover the type of leadership required to achieve greatness. The Hedgehog Concept (Simplicity within the Three Circles): To go from good to great requires transcending the curse of competence. A Culture of Discipline: When you combine a culture of discipline with an ethic of entrepreneurship, you get the magical alchemy of great results. Technology Accelerators: Good-to-great companies think differently about the role of technology. The Flywheel and the Doom Loop: Those who launch radical change programs and wrenching restructurings will almost certainly fail to make the leap. “Some of the key concepts discerned in the study,” comments Jim Collins, fly in the face of our modern business culture and will, quite frankly, upset some people.” Perhaps, but who can afford to ignore these findings? |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Modern Classics in Entrepreneurship Studies Banu Ozkazanc-Pan, Arturo E. Osorio, Dev K. Dutta, Vishal K. Gupta, Golshan Javadian, Grace Chun Guo, 2021-12-14 The purpose of this book is to identify and analyze modern classics in entrepreneurship research with the goal of highlighting cutting-edge themes in the work of various scholars that are pushing the boundaries of the field, post 2000. As the entrepreneurship field matures, it is important to identify the novel contributions that will help shape the next decades of scholarship, by providing scholars with the concepts, frameworks, and approaches needed to help develop the new theories and practices of entrepreneurship. By focusing on emerging key contributions, this book takes a stance that sets it apart from other similar works by scholars that have focused only on existing themes rather than those that will characterize the relationship between entrepreneurship and new technological advances, growing inequalities, gender, diversity and inclusion, and socio-political shifts in the landscape of entrepreneurial ecosystems, allowing for critical and new conversations on entrepreneurship to take shape. This book will provide discussion on emergent themes and approaches that will continue to build the future of entrepreneurship as an exciting and rigorous academic discipline. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: At Any Cost Thomas F. O'Boyle, 1999-09-07 O'Boyle has researched and written a monumental book that should be mandatory reading for all CEOs and anyone concerned with business ethics. --The Philadelphia Inquirer Superb . . . a spirited study of General Electric, and of its sometimes brilliant, sometimes bungling, but always ruthless boss, Jack Welch. --Chicago Sun-Times With convincing passion and meticulous research, Thomas F. O'Boyle explores the forces behind General Electric's rise to the top of Wall Street, questioning if GE, with chief executive officer Jack Welch at the helm, is still bringing good things to life. Welch--explosive, profit-hungry, and pragmatic--catapulted GE's stocks to the top, up 1,155 percent from 1982 to 1997. O'Boyle argues that these astounding results have come only with the heavy price of employees' lives, blighted under the tyranny of Neutron Jack Welch, so named for his bomb-like ability to eliminate staff without disturbing surrounding operations. During Welch's reign, hard-nosed success tactics--unblinking downsizing, ruthless acquisition negotiations, and the virtual abandonment of manufacturing in favor of the more glamorous entertainment and financial services industries--coexist with scandals like price-fixing, pollution, and defense contract fraud. Sure to spark controversy, this gripping, comprehensive account begs the greater question: Is Jack Welch's GE a model company for business in the next century, or is it time to change the way the world does business? Smoothly written and thoroughly researched. --USA Today This book makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of corporate America. . . . Thomas F. O'Boyle persuades you that GE--Jack Welch's GE--brings bad things to life. In abundance. --Washington Monthly |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Dare to Win Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, 1996-02-01 “An ideal book for anyone who really wants to achieve more in life”* from Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen, the #1 New York Times bestselling authors of the Chicken Soup for the Soul series. How are you doing? Just okay? Not so great? Getting by? Jack Canfield and Mark Victor Hansen have inspired millions of people around the world to break through their fears and create their ideal lives. Now, in Dare to Win, they show you how to eliminate the roadblocks that prevent you from fulfilling your potential so you can get what you want out of life. From expanding your imagination and focusing your energy, to achieving total prosperity and awakening your spiritual self, Dare to Win teaches you to think like the winner you truly are and to believe in what you can become. You’ll soon discover that you can conquer your fears, accept life’s rewarding challenges—and win. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Bad Leadership Barbara Kellerman, 2004-09-27 How is Saddam Hussein like Tony Blair? Or Kenneth Lay like Lou Gerstner? Answer: They are, or were, leaders. Many would argue that tyrants, corrupt CEOs, and other abusers of power and authority are not leaders at all--at least not as the word is currently used. But, according to Barbara Kellerman, this assumption is dangerously naive. A provocative departure from conventional thinking, Bad Leadership compels us to see leadership in its entirety. Kellerman argues that the dark side of leadership--from rigidity and callousness to corruption and cruelty--is not an aberration. Rather, bad leadership is as ubiquitous as it is insidious--and so must be more carefully examined and better understood. Drawing on high-profile, contemporary examples--from Mary Meeker to David Koresh, Bill Clinton to Radovan Karadzic, Al Dunlap to Leona Helmsley--Kellerman explores seven primary types of bad leadership and dissects why and how leaders cross the line from good to bad. The book also illuminates the critical role of followers, revealing how they collaborate with, and sometimes even cause, bad leadership. Daring and counterintuitive, Bad Leadership makes clear that we need to face the dark side to become better leaders and followers ourselves. Barbara Kellerman is research director of the Center for Public Leadership and a lecturer in public policy at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Leading Organizations Scott Keller, Mary Meaney, 2017-04-24 The guide for all leaders and senior managers, offering the answers to critical questions on organizational design and management. Every year, over 10,000 business books are published-and that's before you add in the hundreds of thousands of articles, blogs, and video lectures that are produced. Leaders can't possibly hope to digest it all, and writers increasingly sensationalize and spin their ideas in order to be noticed. The result? Put quite simply, the field of management thinking is in danger of losing the plot. In this new book, Scott Keller and Mary Meaney-Senior Partners at McKinsey & Company, the world's preeminent management consultancy-cut to the chase by answering the 10 most important and timeless questions that every leader needs to answer in order to maximize the performance and health of their organization. What's more, the authors recognize that great leaders may not have time for long-winded business books. In Leading Organizations, answers are kept to the essentials-hard facts, counter-intuitive insights, and practical steps-all presented in an accessible and highly visual format. If there's one essential business book you should read-ever-it's this one. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Lessons from the Titans: What Companies in the New Economy Can Learn from the Great Industrial Giants to Drive Sustainable Success Scott Davis, Carter Copeland, Rob Wertheimer, 2020-07-14 Three top Wall Street analysts reveal enduring lessons in sustainable success from the great industrial titans—the high-tech companies of their day—to the disruptors that now dominate the economy. Before Silicon Valley disrupted the world with new technologies and business models, America’s industrial giants paved the way. Companies like General Electric, United Technologies, and Caterpillar were the Google and Amazon of their day, setting gold standards in innovation, growth, and profitability. Today’s leaders can learn a great deal from their successes, as well as their missteps. In this essential guide, three veteran Wall Street analysts reveal timeless lessons from the titans of industry—and offer battle-tested survival tactics for an ever-changing world. You’ll learn: how GE became the largest company on earth—only for a culture of arrogance to set in motion the largest collapse in history how Boeing reassessed risks, raised profits—and tragically lost its balance how Danaher avoided the pitfalls of tremendous success—by continually reinventing itself how Honeywell experienced a near-fatal cultural breakdown—and executed a flawless turnaround how Caterpillar relied too much on forecasting, lost billions—and rallied by recommitting to the basics Filled with illuminating case studies and brilliant in-depth analysis, this invaluable book provides a multitude of insights that will help you weather market upheavals, adapt to disruptions, and optimize your resources to your best advantage. You’ll learn hard-won lessons in innovation, growth, resilience, and operational excellence, as well as the time-proven fundamentals of continuous improvement for lasting success. In the end, you’ll have your own personal toolbox of useful takeaways from more than a century’s worth of data, experience, wisdom, and can-do spirit, courtesy of some of the greatest business enterprises of all time. This is how manufacturers survived the first disruptors of technology—and how today’s giants can survive and thrive during continuous cycles of disruption. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Whoever Makes the Most Mistakes Wins Richard Farson, Ralph Keyes, 2003-03-11 Success in today's business economy demands nonstop innovation. But fancy buzzwords, facile lip service, and simplistic formulas are not the answer. Only an entirely new mindset -- a new attitude toward success and failure -- can transform managers' thinking, according to Richard Farson, author of the bestseller Management of the Absurd, and Ralph Keyes, author of the pathbreaking Chancing It: Why We Take Risks, in this provocative new work. According to Farson and Keyes, the key to this new attitude lies in taking risks. In a rapidly changing economy, managers will confront at least as much failure as success. Does that mean they'll have failed? Only by their grandfathers' definition of failure. Both success and failure are steps toward achievement, say the authors. After all, Coca-Cola's renaissance grew directly out of its New Coke debacle, and severe financial distress forced IBM to completely reinvent itself. Wise leaders accept their setbacks as necessary footsteps on the path toward success. They also know that the best way to fall behind in a shifting economy is to rely on what's worked in the past -- as when once-innovative companies like Xerox and Polaroid relied too heavily on formulas that had grown obsolete. By contrast, companies such as GE and 3M have remained vibrant by encouraging innovators, even when they suffered setbacks. In their stunning new book, Farson and Keyes call this enlightened approach productive mistake-making. Rather than reward success and penalize failure, they propose that managers focus on what can be learned from both. Paradoxically, the authors argue, the less we chase success and flee from failure, the more likely we are to genuinely succeed. Best of all, they have written a little jewel of a book, packed with fresh insights, blessedly brief, and to the point. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: People First Leadership (PB) Eduardo P. Braun, 2016-10-19 The book that redefines leadership for our time—inspired by personal interviews with Jack Welch, Bill Clinton, George Lucas, Madeleine Albright, Pope Francis, and others. In this insightful book, former director of the World Business Forum, Eduardo Braun, introduces a new vision of leadership: The New CEO—someone who puts people, cultures, and emotions first. Through thousands of hours of conversations with world-class leaders, Braun has identified 5 Key Roles leaders can use to inspire people to strive for greater success, and in turn change the world for good. With this refreshingly human approach, you’ll find it easy to integrate the 5 traits into your work and your life. The author shares intimate stories and practical life lessons from CEOs like Jack Welch and Tony Hsieh, who trusted their instincts, followed their passions, and shared their visions with others. Leaders at all levels will learn how to make stronger connections that get better results—and create a culture of inspiration and success. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Great Game of Business Jack Stack, 1992 Profiles the workers and managers of a small engine remanufacturing operation in Springfield, Missouri and the new approach to management they revolutionized when their parent company, International Harvester went down the tubes |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Extreme Ownership Jocko Willink, Leif Babin, 2015-10-20 The #1 New York Times bestseller Sent to the most violent battlefield in Iraq, Jocko Willink and Leif Babin’s SEAL task unit faced a seemingly impossible mission: help U.S. forces secure Ramadi, a city deemed “all but lost.” In gripping firsthand accounts of heroism, tragic loss, and hard-won victories in SEAL Team Three’s Task Unit Bruiser, they learned that leadership—at every level—is the most important factor in whether a team succeeds or fails.Willink and Babin returned home from deployment and instituted SEAL leadership training that helped forge the next generation of SEAL leaders. After departing the SEAL Teams, they launched Echelon Front, a company that teaches these same leadership principles to businesses and organizations. From promising startups to Fortune 500 companies, Babin and Willink have helped scores of clients across a broad range of industries build their own high-performance teams and dominate their battlefields. Now, detailing the mind-set and principles that enable SEAL units to accomplish the most difficult missions in combat, Extreme Ownership shows how to apply them to any team, family or organization. Each chapter focuses on a specific topic such as Cover and Move, Decentralized Command, and Leading Up the Chain, explaining what they are, why they are important, and how to implement them in any leadership environment. A compelling narrative with powerful instruction and direct application, Extreme Ownership revolutionizes business management and challenges leaders everywhere to fulfill their ultimate purpose: lead and win. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Biggest Game of All Leo Hindery, Leslie Cauley, 2007-07-27 Do you make deals? Do you want to learn how the best dealmakers in the world do it? Everyone -- and certainly every business -- makes deals. Whether you are an automobile dealer negotiating to buy another, or Exxon merging with Mobil in a $76 billion transaction, the craft of dealmaking is everywhere. And like any craft, dealmaking has its apprentices, its journeymen...and its masters. Leo Hindery, Jr., is one of those masters of the negotiating table -- a man who has steered home more than 240 business deals over the last twenty-five years, deals worth well in excess of $150 billion. In The Biggest Game of All, he brings readers inside the rooms where he has worked his wizardry, sometimes in partnership with, and sometimes against, the best dealmaking businessmen of our time, including General Electric's Jack Welch, Jerry Levin of AOL Time Warner, TCI's John Malone, George Steinbrenner, Barry Diller, and Rupert Murdoch. Through detailed narratives of the key moments in some of the biggest deals of our time -- including AT&T's $60 billion purchase of the cable giant MediaOne, the $54 billion sale of TeleCommunications, Inc. (a deal done in only twelve days), and the USA Networks/Seagram swap -- The Biggest Game of All is a true master class in dealmaking, showing all the inside strategies, tactics, and temperaments that make great dealmakers great. And at the center of the master class are Leo Hindery's ten commandments of dealmaking: #1. Do more homework than the other guy. #2. Look before you leap to the altar. You may love him, but you can't change him. #3. Deals should be done as fast as possible...but no faster. #4. Remember that you are only as good as the women and men around you. (And so is the other guy.) #5. Learn how to walk away. #6. Have adversaries, if need be. But don't have enemies. #7. Read the fine print. #8. Don't keep score on things that don't matter. #9. Hang in there. #10. Learn to keep your mouth shut. Leo Hindery's vantage point from the very peak of the dealmaking pyramid is the ideal place to observe, and therefore to understand, what separates good deals -- those intended to improve a company's strategic prospects -- from bad. At a time when the costs of business decisions made out of fear, confusion, and greed have never been higher or more newsworthy, knowing good from bad might be the most important dealmaking skill of all. No one who reads this insider's look at the incredible speed with which these human calculators make billion- dollar decisions, and at their fundamental, almost intuitive understanding of their own and other enterprises, will look at American business the same way again. The Biggest Game of All is that rarest of business books, instructive, enlightening, and just plain fun...a ringside seat at the real World Series of Poker, where the chips are worth a billion dollars each. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Computational Complexity Sanjeev Arora, Boaz Barak, 2009-04-20 New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Hot Seat Jeff Immelt, 2021-02-23 The former CEO of General Electric, one of the most influential CEO's, shares the ideas and values of leadership he learned through times of crises. Jeff Immelt has always been one of my leadership role models. He leads with head and heart. This book shows how leadership is a full contact sport and Jeff leaves everything on the field. - John Donahoe, CEO, Nike Read this book. You'll be a better leader for it. - David Rogier, Founder and CEO, MasterClass __________ In September 2001, Jeff Immelt replaced the most famous CEO in history, Jack Welch, at the helm of General Electric. Less than a week into his tenure, the 9/11 terrorist attacks shook the nation, and the company, to its core. GE was connected to nearly every part of the tragedy-GE-financed planes powered by GE-manufactured engines had just destroyed real estate that was insured by GE-issued policies. Facing an unprecedented situation, Immelt knew his response would set the tone for businesses everywhere that looked to GE-one of America's biggest and most-heralded corporations-for direction. No pressure. Over the next sixteen years, Immelt would lead GE through many more dire moments, from the 2008-09 Global Financial Crisis to the 2011 meltdown of Fukushima's nuclear reactors, which were designed by GE. But Immelt's biggest challenge was inherited: Welch had handed over a company that had great people, but was short on innovation. Immelt set out to change GE's focus by making it more global, more rooted in technology, and more diverse. But the stock market rarely rewarded his efforts, and GE struggled. In Hot Seat, Immelt offers a rigorous, candid interrogation of himself and his tenure, detailing for the first time his proudest moments and his biggest mistakes. The most crucial component of leadership, he writes, is the willingness to make decisions. But knowing what to do is a thousand times easier than knowing when to do it. Perseverance, combined with clear communication, can ensure progress, if not perfection, he says. That won't protect any CEO from second-guessing, but Immelt explains how he's pushed through even the most withering criticism: by staying focused on his team and the goals they tried to achieve. As the business world continues to be rocked by stunning economic upheaval, Hot Seat is an urgently needed, and unusually raw, source of authoritative guidance for decisive leadership in uncertain times. __________ A memoir of successful leadership in times of crisis: the former CEO of General Electric, named one of the World's Best CEOs three times by Barron's, shares the hard-won lessons he learned from his experience leading GE immediately after 9/11, through the economic devastation of the 2008-09 financial crisis, and into an increasingly globalized world. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Psychology of Selling Brian Tracy, 2006-07-16 Based on the Bestselling Audio Series, OVER ONE MILLION SOLD How To Double and Triple Your Sales in Any Market. Understanding the psychology of selling is more important than the techniques and methods of selling. Mastering it is a promise of prosperity that sales trainer and professional speaker Brian Tracy has seen fulfilled again and again. In The Psychology of Selling, Tracy shows how salespeople can learn to control their thoughts, feelings, and actions to make themselves more effective. You'll learn: The inner game of sales and selling. How to eliminate the fear of rejection. How to build unshakeable confidence. The psychology of why people buy and how to leverage it. The Psychology of Selling quickly gives you a series of ideas, methods, strategies, and techniques that you can use right away to make more sales, faster and easier than ever before. More salespeople have become millionaires by listening to and applying these ideas than from any other sales training process ever developed. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Good Strategy Bad Strategy Richard Rumelt, 2011-07-19 Good Strategy/Bad Strategy clarifies the muddled thinking underlying too many strategies and provides a clear way to create and implement a powerful action-oriented strategy for the real world. Developing and implementing a strategy is the central task of a leader. A good strategy is a specific and coherent response to—and approach for—overcoming the obstacles to progress. A good strategy works by harnessing and applying power where it will have the greatest effect. Yet, Rumelt shows that there has been a growing and unfortunate tendency to equate Mom-and-apple-pie values, fluffy packages of buzzwords, motivational slogans, and financial goals with “strategy.” In Good Strategy/Bad Strategy, he debunks these elements of “bad strategy” and awakens an understanding of the power of a “good strategy.” He introduces nine sources of power—ranging from using leverage to effectively focusing on growth—that are eye-opening yet pragmatic tools that can easily be put to work on Monday morning, and uses fascinating examples from business, nonprofit, and military affairs to bring its original and pragmatic ideas to life. The detailed examples range from Apple to General Motors, from the two Iraq wars to Afghanistan, from a small local market to Wal-Mart, from Nvidia to Silicon Graphics, from the Getty Trust to the Los Angeles Unified School District, from Cisco Systems to Paccar, and from Global Crossing to the 2007–08 financial crisis. Reflecting an astonishing grasp and integration of economics, finance, technology, history, and the brilliance and foibles of the human character, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy stems from Rumelt’s decades of digging beyond the superficial to address hard questions with honesty and integrity. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Above the Line Stephen Klemich, Mara Klemich, 2020-01-07 A leadership consultant and neuropsychologist identify the universal habits of the heart and mind—the keys to unlocking our true potential, creating our best selves and eliminating behavior patterns that hold us back. Why is it so hard for leaders to coach employees who are struggling? Why do we repeat the same mistakes and negative behaviors? Common wisdom says you always have a choice in how you react or respond. But, as corporate consultant Stephen Klemich and clinical psychologist Mara Klemich contend, until you recognize why you make choices, and how the heart and the brain work together to shape your behavior, you can’t change long-ingrained patterns and discover your best self. The Klemichs have developed a model backed by extensive research and data, and paired it with character-led personal development, to help you answer the Why? and eliminate behavior that is “below the line.” In Above the Line, they argue that that the quality of your life flows from the attitudes of your heart. Offering wise, compassionate, and practical advice, this book explores the deep, fundamental drivers of human behavior that exist within your heart—the seat of your character. It reveals that all of these behaviors can be explained by four principles—humility, love, pride, and fear—which influence every facet of your life, for better or for worse. We are all designed for greatness, but so often our best self is pitted against our worst. The pressures of life are pulling our character below the line while our authentic self is drawing us to live above the line. When you fully understand that the four principles are at the root of your behavior, you can begin the journey to become your best self and navigate life more effectively and successfully. Filled with proven strategies, Above the Line will create lasting changes in your behavior and improve your life personally and professionally—so you can make a positive impact on the world around you. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Hypercompetition Richard A. D'aveni, Robert E. Gunther, 1994-03-28 General Motors and IBM have been battered to their cores. Jack Welch, the chairman of General Electric, called the frenzied competition of the 1980's a white knuckle decade and said the 1990s would be worse. In this pathbreaking book that will define this new age of hypercompetition, Richard D'Aveni reveals how competitive moves and countermoves escalate with such ferocity today that the traditional sources of competitive advantage can no longer be sustained. To compete in this dynamic environment, D'Aveni argues that a company must fundamentally shift its strategic focus. He constructs a brilliant operational model that shows how firms move up escalation ladders as advantage is continually created, eroded, destroyed, and recreated through strategic maneuvering in four arenas of competition. Using this Four Arena analysis, D'Aveni explains how competitors engage in a struggle for control by seeking leadership in the arenas of price and quality, timing and know-how, stronghold creation/invasion, and deep pockets. Winners set the pace in each of these four competitive battlegrounds. Using hundreds of detailed examples from hypercompetitive industries such as computers, software, automobiles, airlines, pharmaceuticals, toys and soft drinks, D'Avenie demonstrates how hypercompetitive firms succeed in dynamic markets by disrupting the status quo and creating a continuous series of temporary advantages. They seize the initiative, D'Aveni explains, by employing a set of strategies he calls the New 7-S's Superior Stakeholder Satisfaction, Strategic Soothsaying, Speed, Surprise, Shifting the Rules of Competition, Signaling Strategic Intent, and Simultaneous and Sequential Thrusts. Paradoxically, firms must destroy their competitive advantages to gain advantage, D'Aveni shows. Long-term success depends not on sustaining an advantage through a static, long-term strategy, but instead on formulating a dynamic strategy for the creating, destruction, and recreation of short-term advantages. America must embrace the new reality of hypercompetition, D'Aveni concludes in a compelling analysis of the potential chilling effect of American antitrust laws on competitiveness. This masterful book, essentially an operating manual of strategy and tactics for a new era, will be required reading for managers, planners, consultants, academics, and students of hypercompetitive industries. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The 4-Hour Work Week Timothy Ferriss, 2007 Offers techniques and strategies for increasing income while cutting work time in half, and includes advice for leading a more fulfilling life. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The New Leader's 100-Day Action Plan George B. Bradt, Jayme A. Check, Jorge E. Pedraza, 2009-03-16 The New Leader's 100-Day Action Plan, and the included downloadable forms, has proven itself to be a valuable resource for new leaders in any organization. This revision includes 40% new material and updates -- including new and updated downloadable forms -- with new chapters on: * A new chapter on POSITIONING yourself for a leadership role * A new chapter on what to do AFTER THE FIRST 100 DAYS * A new chapter on getting PROMOTED FROM WITHIN and what to do then |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Managing Up: How to Forge an Effective Relationship with Those Above You Rosanne Badowski, 2004 |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Photonic Crystals John D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson, Joshua N. Winn, Robert D. Meade, 2011-10-30 Since it was first published in 1995, Photonic Crystals has remained the definitive text for both undergraduates and researchers on photonic band-gap materials and their use in controlling the propagation of light. This newly expanded and revised edition covers the latest developments in the field, providing the most up-to-date, concise, and comprehensive book available on these novel materials and their applications. Starting from Maxwell's equations and Fourier analysis, the authors develop the theoretical tools of photonics using principles of linear algebra and symmetry, emphasizing analogies with traditional solid-state physics and quantum theory. They then investigate the unique phenomena that take place within photonic crystals at defect sites and surfaces, from one to three dimensions. This new edition includes entirely new chapters describing important hybrid structures that use band gaps or periodicity only in some directions: periodic waveguides, photonic-crystal slabs, and photonic-crystal fibers. The authors demonstrate how the capabilities of photonic crystals to localize light can be put to work in devices such as filters and splitters. A new appendix provides an overview of computational methods for electromagnetism. Existing chapters have been considerably updated and expanded to include many new three-dimensional photonic crystals, an extensive tutorial on device design using temporal coupled-mode theory, discussions of diffraction and refraction at crystal interfaces, and more. Richly illustrated and accessibly written, Photonic Crystals is an indispensable resource for students and researchers. Extensively revised and expanded Features improved graphics throughout Includes new chapters on photonic-crystal fibers and combined index-and band-gap-guiding Provides an introduction to coupled-mode theory as a powerful tool for device design Covers many new topics, including omnidirectional reflection, anomalous refraction and diffraction, computational photonics, and much more. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: True North Bill George, 2010-06-10 True North shows how anyone who follows their internal compass can become an authentic leader. This leadership tour de force is based on research and first-person interviews with 125 of today’s top leaders—with some surprising results. In this important book, acclaimed former Medtronic CEO Bill George and coauthor Peter Sims share the wisdom of these outstanding leaders and describe how you can develop as an authentic leader. True North presents a concrete and comprehensive program for leadership success and shows how to create your own Personal Leadership Development Plan centered on five key areas: Knowing your authentic self Defining your values and leadership principles Understanding your motivations Building your support team Staying grounded by integrating all aspects of your life True North offers an opportunity for anyone to transform their leadership path and become the authentic leader they were born to be. Personal, original, and illuminating stories from Warren Bennis, Sir Adrian Cadbury, George Shultz (former U.S. secretary of state), Charles Schwab, John Whitehead (Cochairman, Goldman Sachs), Anne Mulcahy (CEO, Xerox), Howard Schultz (CEO, Starbucks), Dan Vasella (CEO, Novartis), John Brennan (Chairman, Vanguard), Carol Tome (CFO, Home Depot), Donna Dubinsky (CEO/cofounder, Palm), Alan Horn (President, Warner Brothers), Ann Moore (CEO, Time, Inc.) and many others illustrate the transitions that shape the type of leaders who will thrive in the 21st century. Bill George (Cambridge, MA) has spent over 30 years in executive leadership positions at Litton, Honeywell, and Medtronic. As CEO of Medtronic, he built the company into the world’s leading medical technology company as its market capitalization increased from $1.1 billion to $60 billion. Since 2004, he has been a professor at the Harvard Business School. His 2004 book Authentic Leadership (0-7879-7528-1) was a BusinessWeek bestseller. Peter Sims (San Francisco, CA) established “Leadership Perspectives,” a course on leadership development at the Stanford Graduate School of Business and cofounded the London office of Summit Partners, a leading investment firm. Their Web site is www.truenorthleaders.com. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: It Takes a Tribe Will Dean, 2017 After five years as a British counterterrorism officer and two years at Harvard Business School, Dean was determined not to follow his classmates to Wall Street or Silicon Valley. Instead, he pursued his unique vision for an extreme obstacle course: a ten- to twelve-mile gauntlet pushing participants to their limits and helping them surpass those limits together. Instead of cutthroat competition, Tough Mudder would be about continual self-improvement and collective energy.--Amazon.com. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The 15 Invaluable Laws of Growth John C. Maxwell, 2012-10-02 In this inspiring guide to successful leadership, New York Times bestselling author John C. Maxwell shares his tried and true principles for maximum personal growth. Are there tried and true principles that are always certain to help a person grow? John Maxwell says the answer is yes. He has been passionate about personal development for over fifty years, and for the first time, he teaches everything he has gleaned about what it takes to reach our potential. In the way that only he can communicate, John teaches . . . The Law of the Mirror: You Must See Value in Yourself to Add Value to Yourself The Law of Awareness: You Must Know Yourself to Grow Yourself The Law of Modeling: It's Hard to Improve When You Have No One But Yourself to Follow The Law of the Rubber Band: Growth Stops When You Lose the Tension Between Where You are and Where You Could Be The Law of Contribution: Developing Yourself Enables You to Develop Others This third book in John Maxwell's Laws series (following the 2-million seller The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership and The 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork) will help you become a lifelong learner whose potential keeps increasing and never gets used up. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Mastering Commitment Chris Harden, 2019-11-23 Scrum, kanban, and agile won't help you meet deadlines without a culture of commitment. Is your team committed to deliver on time? Can you tell why they are not? Do you know how to build a culture that helps them fully commit? This book helps you answer answer YES all these questions. Mastering Commitment shares with you a breakthrough metaphor that gives you a clear way to see the building blocks of commitment and the things that threaten it. You will begin to see what things are wrong and how to fix them. You will learn to build true commitment in your contract with your team. You cannot truly hold someone accountable for something, until you have delivered all the pieces necessary for them to commit. Use this guide to ensure you are delivering your part on the commitment contract. Chris provides a framework for building team and organization cultures that support commitment, respect and accountability within development teams. He gives the reader practical tools for creating culture change in teams that enhance both their trust and effectiveness. His recommendations will improve the communication and cohesiveness that directly impact the development team's success within the organization. William Horst, Business Psychologist Learn from over two decades and millions of dollars of development experience from software and leadership veteran, Chris Harden. He helped to launch the Coke Freestyle, Kindle Fire, Ford MyTouch, Madden Football 25, and others. His study of commitment comes from his successes and failures in leading teams in startup, mid-sized, and Fortune 100 companies, even gaining national recognition on Shark Tank. ©2019 Chris Harden |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Introduction to Business Lawrence J. Gitman, Carl Mcdaniel, Amit Shah, 2023-05-19 |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Talent Masters Bill Conaty, Ram Charan, 2011-02-28 The Talent Masters itself stems from a unique marriage of talents. Bill Conaty, in the course of a 40-year career at General Electric, worked closely with CEOs Jack Welch and Jeff Immelt to build the company's internationally renowned talent machine. Ram Charan is the legendary advisor to companies around the world. Here they combine their unparalleled experience and insight to create a blueprint for talent development, and to show how critical it is to the continuing and future success of every business. The essential skill that lasts. Why talent management guarantees future results in a way that short-term financial success and market share cannot. Secrets of the masters. How world-class companies achieve their stellar performance decade after decade by finding and nurturing leadership talent. The importance of knowledge. Why knowing and understanding your talent and reviewing it systematically is the foundation for creating a steady, self-renewing stream of leaders for all levels of your organization - from first-line supervisors to the CEO. The Talent Masters tool kit. Specific guidelines that will help you assess and improve your company's talent mastery capabilities. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Robin Sharma Pack (8 Volume Set) Robin Sharma, 2019-08-26 THE ROBIN SHARMA LIBRARY FOR LEGENDS [AND EVERYDAY HEROES] Includes 8 international bestsellers New Collector’s Edition has all of Robin Sharma’s bestselling titles in one pack. Includes FREE The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari audiobook read by the author. Volume 1 - The 5 am Club Volume 2 - The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari (With free audiobook) Volume 3 - Discover Your Destiny Volume 4 - Family Wisdom Volume 5 - Who Will Cry When You Die? Volume 6 - The Greatness Guide Volume 7 - The Mastery Manual Volume 8 - The Leader Who Had No Title ROBIN SHARMA is a globally respected humanitarian. Widely considered one of the world’s top leadership and personal optimization advisors, his clients include famed billionaires, professional sports superstars and many Fortune 100 companies. The author’s #1 bestsellers, such as The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari, The Greatness Guide and The Leader Who Had No Title are in over 92 languages, making him one of the most broadly read writers alive today. Go to robinsharma.com for more inspiration + valuable resources to upgrade your life “Robin Sharma’s Following Rivals that of the Dalai Lama.” The Times of India “Global Humanitarian.” CNN “Leadership Legend.” Forbes |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: A Playbook for Habitual Excellence Mark Graban, 2020-09-09 Every leader aspires to be excellent, to inspire excellence, and to lead a great organization. The question, of course, is how to achieve these goals. One possible path is to understand and learn from leaders whose principles and practices have demonstrated the how. One such leader is Paul H. O'Neill, Sr. (1935-2020), former U.S. Treasury Secretary, former CEO of Alcoa, and a person who impacted U.S. healthcare policy and played an integral role throughout Value Capture's history. Paul would often ask other leaders, What do you want your legacy to be? He asked that as a way to get people to think well beyond themselves at that moment, and think of what they could influence and build in themselves and others for a better future. One element of Paul's legacy is the speeches that he gave over the years, sharing his experiences as a leader, to try to provide other leaders with guidance on how to achieve goals of excellence. A Playbook for Habitual Excellence: A Leader's Roadmap from the Life and Work of Paul H. O'Neill, Sr. collects a few of Paul's most notable speeches and Senate testimony. The principles that were Paul's True North are made clear, and hopefully, will help light the path that you take as a leader. We hope you find his words to be inspiring, informative, and useful.All royalties are being donated to one of Paul's favorite causes, The Neighborhood Academy. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: The Social Media Bible , 2018 |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Life's a Pitch Stephen Bayley, Roger Mavity, 2011-07-01 The pitch is the absolute essence of modern business. Ideas are the most valuable commodity in the modern economy and it is human skill which develops them. However the skills of the pitch are not only relevant to the world of business, rather they apply to just about every significant personal transaction in your life... So whether at a sales conference in corporate conference room hell or over lunch at a glamorous restaurant, Life's a Pitch tells you how to handle human transactions. A pitch is not a meeting, it's a drama. A pitch is not about transferring information, it's about transferring power. It is business, but it is also theatre. Part inspirational manual for business, part guidebook to a successful and happy social life, Life's a Pitch is written as the result of an accumulated half century of (mostly successful) pitching by the authors. Ground-breaking and genre-busting, it will transform the way you think about the art of persuasion for ever. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Purpose-driven Organizations Phil Sotok, Miquel Bastons, Carlos Rey, 2020-10-09 A higher purpose is not simply about profit. Symbolising the motivations of our actions and efforts, it reflects something much more aspirational and contributes to our global society. This open access book offers novel solutions to ensure employees support a wider organizational meaning whilst guaranteeing that the company benefits from the employee's individual sense of purpose. Advocating a shift from previous models and theories, this book contributes to debate and offers insight for both scholars and practitioners. The chapters bring together academic rigour and practical models to help readers distinguish between the fads and influential strategies. Exploring the development of purpose at each level of business, from strategy and leadership to communication, this book avoids theoretical jargon and provides new approaches to building sustainable purpose-driven organizations. This is an Open Access book sponsored by DPMC Spain, UIC Barcelona and Corporate Excellence - Centre for Reputation Leadership This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors. |
| jack welch winning ebook free download: Think Like a Billionaire, Become a Billionaire Scot Anderson, 2019-04 Scot Anderson takes you on the journey he took in changing the way he thinks. He went from getting by to having millions of dollars and on his way to getting billions. Think differently about money, investing, jobs, risks, problems, preparation, and time. As you begin to think like a billionaire, your life has no choice but to produce it. |
Jack in the Box
Jack in the Box offers a variety of delicious fast-food options, including burgers, tacos, and breakfast items.
JACK Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of JACK is a game played with a set of small objects that are tossed, caught, and moved in various figures. How to use jack in a sentence.
Jack (given name) - Wikipedia
Jack is a given name of English origin, originally a diminutive of John. Alternatively it may commonly be a diminutive of Jacob, its French variant Jacques, or given names like Jackson …
Jack - definition of jack by The Free Dictionary
Define jack. jack synonyms, jack pronunciation, jack translation, English dictionary definition of jack. n. 1. often Jack Informal A man; a fellow. 2. a. One who does odd or heavy jobs; a …
Jack (1996) - IMDb
Jack: Directed by Francis Ford Coppola. With Robin Williams, Diane Lane, Brian Kerwin, Jennifer Lopez. Because of an unusual disorder that has aged him four times faster than a typical …
JACK Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
any of various portable devices for raising or lifting heavy objects short heights, using various mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic methods. Also called knave. Cards. a playing card …
JACK | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
JACK definition: 1. a piece of equipment that can be opened slowly under a heavy object such as a car in order to…. Learn more.
JACK definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
A jack is a female socket with two or more terminals designed to receive a male plug that either makes or breaks the circuit.
Jack - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 18, 2025 · Jack (countable and uncountable, plural Jacks) A unisex given name, also used as a pet form of John or more rarely, Jacob. c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “ …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Jack - Behind the Name
Apr 23, 2024 · It is often regarded as an independent name. During the Middle Ages it was very common, and it became a slang word meaning "man", as seen in the terms jack-o'-lantern, …
Jack in the Box
Jack in the Box offers a variety of delicious fast-food options, including burgers, tacos, and breakfast items.
JACK Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of JACK is a game played with a set of small objects that are tossed, caught, and moved in various figures. How to use jack in a sentence.
Jack (given name) - Wikipedia
Jack is a given name of English origin, originally a diminutive of John. Alternatively it may commonly be a diminutive of Jacob, its French variant Jacques, or given names like Jackson …
Jack - definition of jack by The Free Dictionary
Define jack. jack synonyms, jack pronunciation, jack translation, English dictionary definition of jack. n. 1. often Jack Informal A man; a fellow. 2. a. One who does odd or heavy jobs; a …
Jack (1996) - IMDb
Jack: Directed by Francis Ford Coppola. With Robin Williams, Diane Lane, Brian Kerwin, Jennifer Lopez. Because of an unusual disorder that has aged him four times faster than a typical …
JACK Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
any of various portable devices for raising or lifting heavy objects short heights, using various mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic methods. Also called knave. Cards. a playing card bearing …
JACK | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
JACK definition: 1. a piece of equipment that can be opened slowly under a heavy object such as a car in order to…. Learn more.
JACK definition in American English | Collins English Dictionary
A jack is a female socket with two or more terminals designed to receive a male plug that either makes or breaks the circuit.
Jack - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 18, 2025 · Jack (countable and uncountable, plural Jacks) A unisex given name, also used as a pet form of John or more rarely, Jacob. c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “ The …
Meaning, origin and history of the name Jack - Behind the Name
Apr 23, 2024 · It is often regarded as an independent name. During the Middle Ages it was very common, and it became a slang word meaning "man", as seen in the terms jack-o'-lantern, …
