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| jalal urban dictionary: Forged in Darkness Dr. Joanna LaPrade, 2022-08-15 Provides an archetypal frame for approaching the descent that sooner or later we all experience during dark times. – James Hollis, Ph.D., Jungian analyst and bestselling author Written by an experienced psychotherapist, Forged in Darkness encourages readers to work with archetypes in mythology to stop rejecting the darkness within and instead learn to embrace it. When we search within, we inevitably find the underworld – lost connections, failed enterprises, haunting memories, insecurities and buried secrets. This book unites self-discovery with mythology, returning the underworld to its rightful place – a dreaded realm that harbours profound transformation, richness and expansion. Using archetypes from mythology, psychotherapist Dr Joanna LaPrade teaches readers that experiences of darkness are natural and necessary markers along the path of growth and discovery. We all experience darkness, and this comprehensive and accessible guide will show readers of all ages how to embrace the shadowed parts of themselves. For millennia, cultures around the world have told myths about the underworld. It is a tragedy that the only image we have in the West is that of Hercules, requiring us to be strong and defeat the shadowed parts of our life. Forged in Darkness explores the archetype Hercules represents and turns toward other heroes and gods for models of journeying into darkness. When we question, learn to accept and make sacrifices, Odysseus is present. We acknowledge Dionysus when we reconnect with what is volcanic, unrestrained and feral. We may experience Persephone as we’re abducted from our comforts and connected to a mysterious authority within. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Occidentosis Jalāl Āl Aḥmad, Jalal Al-i Ahmad, 1984 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Iraq Beth K. Dougherty, 2019-06-15 This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Iraq contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,000 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Teacher Reform in Indonesia Mae Chu-Chang, Samer Al-Samarrai, Sheldon Shaeffer, Andrew B. Ragatz, Joppe de Ree, Ritchie Stevenson, 2013-12-18 One of the noteworthy global achievements of the past two decades has been the remarkable increase in thenumber of children attending school and the number of children completing the primary cycle. As more children start school, the focus has shifted toward the quality of their education--on true learning, not just schooling. The critical role played by teachers to enhance the quality of education is especially salient in a populous, geographically dispersed, and culturally diverse country such as Indonesia. With close to three million teachers, Indonesia has one of the largest and most diverse cadres of educators in the world. The comprehensive Teacher and Lecturer Law, approved by the Indonesian government in 2005, radically reformed the management and development of those teachers. Teacher Reform in Indonesia: The Role of Politics and Evidence in Policy Making features a comprehensive analysis of the teaching profession and the impact of recent reforms, which included the doubling of a teacher's basic pay once he/she satisfies the conditions necessary for certification--a factor that has improved the status ofteachers and attracted better candidates to teacher training institutions. This book provides a description of the political and economic context in which the reform was developed and implemented as wellas an analysis of how the reform affected teacher quality and student outcomes. The book's framework promotes an approach to reforms based on improving the nature of teacher recruitment; preservice education; induction, mentoring, and probation; formal certification; continuing professional development; teacher performance appraisal; and ongoing career development. The recent history of teacher reform in Indonesia can inform other countries seeking to improve their educational systems and, ultimately, the success of their teachers and students. This book should therefore be of particular interest to Ministries of Education that contemplate similar reforms and development agencies and practitioners that seek to support country efforts to strengthen the teaching profession. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Public and Private Spaces of the City Ali Madanipour, 2003-09-02 This book sets out to find out how and why social space is subdivided in this way and to explore the nature of each realm as defined by spatial and symbolic boundaries. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Persian - English Dictionary Reza Nazari, Jalal Daie, 2018-07-08 The Best Persian – English Dictionary Designed for people interested in learning standard Persian, this comprehensive dictionary of the Persian – English languages contains more than 12,000 entries and definitions as well as pronunciation guides, word types, Current phrases, slangs, idioms, scientific terms and other features. The Dictionary is fully updated with the latest lexical content. It’s a unique database that offers the fullest, most accurate picture of the Farsi language today. Hundreds of new words cover technology, computing, ecology, and many other subjects. A comprehensive Persian – English dictionary Fully updated with the latest lexical content Offers more than 12,000 Persian entries A unique database that offers the fullest, most accurate picture of the Farsi language today Contains pronunciation guides, word types, slangs, idioms, scientific terms and other features Hundreds of new words cover technology, computing, ecology, and many other subjects. Ideal for self-study as well as for classroom usage. What Are You Waiting For? Get this book now and start learning Persian today! Scroll to the top of the page and select the buy button. Published By: www.LearnPersianOnline.com |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary of the Bible: Regem-Melech to Zuzims William Smith, 1872 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary Of Modern Arab Histor Bidwell, 2012-10-12 From 1980 until Dr. Bidwell's death in 1994, much of his time was taken up with the writing and compilation of this encyclopaedic work which represents, in the true sense of the word, a unique account of the Arab world from 1798 and a readable assessment of all its aspects. Whereas the classical period is covered in many publications, notably The Encyclopaedia of Islam, the reader look up assessments and accounts of 14 presidents of modern Syria; all prime ministers of Egypt; the definition and effect of Resolution 242; the Istiqlal Party; the Rogers Plan; Saddam Hussein; Dair Yassin; the Agecirus Conference; the Mecca Declaration; the Black September Organization; President Nimeiri; the monarchs of Egypt, Iraq and Libya; King Khalid of Saudi Arabia; Colonel Gaddafi; Nasser; the Battle of Mehran; Count Folke Bernadotte; the massacre of the Mamluks; and President Bourguiba. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Posthumous Images Chad Elias, 2018-09-07 For almost two decades of its history (1975-90), Lebanon was besieged by sectarian fighting, foreign invasions, and complicated proxy wars. In Posthumous Images, Chad Elias analyzes a generation of contemporary artists who have sought, in different ways, to interrogate the contested memory of those years of civil strife and political upheaval. In their films, photography, architectural projects, and multimedia performances, these artists appropriate existing images to challenge divisive and violent political discourses. They also create new images that make visible individuals and communities that have been effectively silenced, rendered invisible, or denied political representation. As Elias demonstrates, these practices serve to productively unsettle the distinctions between past and present, the dead and the living, official history and popular memory. In Lebanon, the field of contemporary art is shown to be critical to remembering the past and reimagining the future in a nation haunted by a violent and unresolved war. |
| jalal urban dictionary: International Dictionary of Historic Places: Southern Europe Trudy Ring, Robert M. Salkin, Sharon La Boda, 1995 First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Global English Slang Julie Coleman, 2014-01-10 Global English Slang brings together nineteen key international experts and provides a timely and essential overview of English slang around the world today. The book illustrates the application of a range of different methodologies to the study of slang and demonstrates the interconnection between the different sub-fields of linguistics. A key argument throughout is that slang is a function played by specific words or phrases rather than a characteristic inherent in the words themselves- what is slang in one context is not slang in another. The volume also challenges received wisdom on the nature of slang: that it is short-lived and that slang is restricted to verbal language. With an introduction by editor Julie Coleman, the topics covered range from Inner City New York slang and Hip Hop Slang to UK student slang and slang in Scotland. Authors also explore slang in Jamaica, Australia, New Zealand, India and Hong Kong and the influence of English slang on Norwegian, Italian and Japanese. A final section looks at slang and new media including online slang usage, and the possibilities offered by the internet to document verbal and gestural slang. Global English Slang is an essential reference for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers working in the areas of lexicology, slang and World Englishes. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Cassell's Biographical Dictionary, etc. [With plates. Edited by T. T. Shore.] Thomas Teignmouth SHORE, 1867 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Forthcoming, second edition Jalal Toufic, 2014-09-05 Jalal Toufic is a thinker and a mortal to death. He was born in 1962 in Beirut or Baghdad and died before dying in 1989 in Evanston, Illinois. This second edition of a collection of his essays whirls around the appearance of the unworldly in art, culture, history, and the present. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of the Sudan Robert S. Kramer, Richard A. Lobban Jr., Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, 2013-03-22 This fourth edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Sudan covers the history of Sudan through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 hundred cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Sudan. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Islamisation A. C. S. Peacock, 2017-03-08 The spread of Islam and the process of Islamisation (meaning both conversion to Islam and the adoption of Muslim culture) is explored in the twenty-four chapters of this volume. Taking a comparative perspective, both the historical trajectory of Islamisation and the methodological problems in its study are addressed, with coverage moving from Africa to China and from the seventh century to the start of the colonial period in 1800. Key questions are addressed. What is meant by Islamisation? How far was the spread of Islam as a religion bound up with the spread of Muslim culture? To what extent are Islamisation and conversion parallel processes? How is Islamisation connected to Arabisation? What role do vernacular Muslim languages play in the promotion of Muslim culture? The broad, comparative perspective allows readers to develop a thorough understanding of the process of Islamisation over eleven centuries of its history. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary of the Bible William Smith, 1870 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Constantinople Edmondo De Amicis, 2018-01-01 A remarkable nineteenth-century account of Istanbul - which begins with a dazzling description of the city gradually appearing through the fog as the author's ship approaches the harbour - Constantinople expertly combines personal anecdote, breathtaking visual observation and entertaining historical information.An invaluable record of the metropolis as it used to be - a fascinating crossroads between Eastern and Western civilization and one of the most cosmopolitan cities of its time - as well as a vivid example of a European tourist's reaction to it - part delight, part incomprehension - this book will provide an enriching read for lovers of history or those planning to visit Istanbul themselves. |
| jalal urban dictionary: The Bricktionary Ryan McNaught, 2022-05 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary of World Biography Frank Northen Magill, Alison Aves, 1998 Each volume of the Dictionary of World Biography contains 250 entries on the lives of the individuals who shaped their times and left their mark on world history. This is not a who's who. Instead, each entry provides an in-depth essay on the life and career of the individual concerned. Essays commence with a quick reference section that provides basic facts on the individual's life and achievements. The extended biography places the life and works of the individual within an historical context, and the summary at the end of each essay provides a synopsis of the individual's place in history. All entries conclude with a fully annotated bibliography. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions Keith R. Crim, 1981 A guide to the historical development, beliefs, and practices of the world's religions. |
| jalal urban dictionary: The Oxford Dictionary of Islam John L. Esposito, 2004-10-21 The dictionary focuses primarily on the 19th and 20th centuries, stressing topics of most interest to Westerners. What emerges is a highly informative look at the religious, political, and social spheres of the modern Islamic world. Naturally, readers will find many entries on topics of intense current interest, such as terrorism and the Taliban, Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida, the PLO and HAMAS. But the coverage goes well beyond recent headlines. There are biographical profiles, ranging from Naguib Mahfouz (the Nobel Prize winner from Egypt) to Malcolm X, including political leaders, influential thinkers, poets, scientists, and writers. Other entries cover major political movements, militant groups, and religious sects as well as terms from Islamic law, culture, and religion, key historical events, and important landmarks (such as Mecca and Medina). A series of entries looks at Islam in individual nations, such as Afghanistan, the West Bank and Gaza, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and the United States, and the |
| jalal urban dictionary: Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment Ahmet T. Kuru, 2019-08-01 Why do Muslim-majority countries exhibit high levels of authoritarianism and low levels of socio-economic development in comparison to world averages? Ahmet T. Kuru criticizes explanations which point to Islam as the cause of this disparity, because Muslims were philosophically and socio-economically more developed than Western Europeans between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Nor was Western colonialism the cause: Muslims had already suffered political and socio-economic problems when colonization began. Kuru argues that Muslims had influential thinkers and merchants in their early history, when religious orthodoxy and military rule were prevalent in Europe. However, in the eleventh century, an alliance between orthodox Islamic scholars (the ulema) and military states began to emerge. This alliance gradually hindered intellectual and economic creativity by marginalizing intellectual and bourgeois classes in the Muslim world. This important study links its historical explanation to contemporary politics by showing that, to this day, ulema-state alliance still prevents creativity and competition in Muslim countries. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Transnational Environmental Crime Rob White, 2017-07-05 The essays selected for this volume illustrate the growing interest in and importance of crime that is both environmental and transnational in nature. The topics covered range from pollution and waste to biodiversity and wildlife crimes, and from the violation of human rights associated with the exploitation of natural resources through to the criminogenic implications of climate change. The collection provides insight into the nature and dynamics of this type of crime and examines in detail who is harmed and what can be done about it. Differential victimisation and contemporary developments in environmental law enforcement are also considered. Collectively, these essays lay the foundations for a criminology that is forward looking, global in its purview, and that deals with the key environmental issues of the present age. |
| jalal urban dictionary: African Literacies Ashraf Abdelhay, Yonas Mesfun Asfaha, Kasper Juffermans, 2014-10-02 Africa is often depicted as the continent with the lowest literacy rates in the world. Moving beyond this essentialising representation, this volume explores African literacies within their complex and diverse multilingual and multiscriptal histories and contexts of use. The chapters examine contexts from the Maghreb to Mozambique and from Senegambia to the Horn of Africa and critically analyse multiple literacy genres and practices – from ancient manuscripts to instant messaging – in relation to questions of language-in-education and policy, livelihoods, Islamic scholarship, colonialism, translocal migration, and writing systems. As a whole, the book serves as an advanced introduction to language and society in Africa seen through the lens of literacy, and marks a unique contribution to scholarship in literacy studies offering a convenient collection of perspectives on and from Africa. |
| jalal urban dictionary: The Cultural Memory of the Lebanese Civil War-Revisited , 2024-12-09 This volume, edited by Leyla Dakhli and Klaus Wieland, is an overview of the cultural memory of the Lebanese Civil War, as it has emerged and evolved over the last 30 years. These narratives represent a counter-memory to the non-existent national memory, undesired by Lebanon's political class. In 1991, the Amnesty Law G84/91 was enacted, granting state power impunity for all war crimes, including crimes against humanity. The general amnesty entailed partial amnesia; the war was to be officially forgotten. And yet, since the 1990s, nongovernmental organizations, archives, activists, publicists, visual artists, filmmakers, and writers have produced an impressive alternative culture of remembrance of the Lebanese Civil War, which is revisited and analyzed in this book. Contributors represent a multi-disciplinary mix, with perspectives from area studies, history, social science, literary studies, trauma and memory, and peace and conflict studies. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary Catalog of the Oriental Collection New York Public Library. Research Libraries, 1976 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary of World Biography Barry Jones, 2025-01-06 Jones, Barry Owen (1932– ). Australian politician, writer and lawyer, born in Geelong. Educated at Melbourne High School and Melbourne University, he was a public servant, high school teacher, television and radio performer, university lecturer and lawyer before serving as a Labor MP in the Victorian Parliament 1972–77 and the Australian House of Representatives 1977–98. He took a leading role in reviving the Australian film industry and abolishing the death penalty in Australia, and was the first politician to raise public awareness of global warming, the ‘post‑industrial’ society, the IT revolution, biotechnology, the rise of ‘the Third Age’ and the need to preserve Antarctica as a wilderness. In the Hawke Government, he was Minister for Science 1983–90, Prices and Consumer Affairs 1987, Small Business 1987–90 and Customs 1988–90. He became a member of the Executive Board of UNESCO, Paris 1991–95 and National President of the Australian Labor Party 1992–2000, 2005–06. He was Deputy Chairman of the Constitutional Convention 1998. His books include Decades of Decision 1860– (1965), Joseph II (1968), Age of Apocalypse (1975) and Knowledge Courage Leadership: Insights & Reflections (2016), and he edited The Penalty Is Death (1968, revised and expanded 2022). His bestseller, Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work (1982, Fourth edition published in 1995) has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Swedish and braille. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Iraq Edmund A. Ghareeb, Beth Dougherty, 2004-03-18 Iraq, the land of Hamurabi and Harun al-Rashid, has played a long and unique role in the history of human civilization. The oldest civilization known to man evolved on the shores of its twin rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. The great cities of antiquity-Uruk, Ur, Akkad, Babylon, Basra, Mawsil, and Baghdad-were major centers of high culture and political power for much of the course of human history. This reference begins with the earliest civilizations and covers the many periods that followed, ranging from the history of ancient Mesopotamia to the Abbasid Empire to present-day Iraq. Included are a historical overview; a country profile; a review of the economy, oil, fauna, and political institution; coverage of the Iran-Iraq War; and coverage of the Kuwait invasion and the second Gulf War and other conflicts. The major ethnic groups such as the Kurds, the Turkumans and the Assyrians, Islam and Muslim sects, Christianity and Christian sects, as well as other religious groups are profiled. Dictionary entries also highlight the main political, religious, and ideological parties, groups, and organizations; major historical personalities; languages; literature; and cultural elements. A broad range of topics, both ancient and modern, are dealt with throughout the introduction and the dictionary, and a comprehensive bibliography complements this extensive historical reference. |
| jalal urban dictionary: State and Society in Iraq Benjamin Isakhan, Shamiran Mako, Fadi Dawood, 2017-03-17 The activities of ISIS since 2014 have brought back to centre stage a series of very old and very troubling questions about the integrity and viability of the Iraqi state. However, most analysts have framed recent events in terms of their immediate past and without the contextual background to explain their evolution. State and Society in Iraq moves beyond a short-sighted analysis to place the complex and contested nature of Iraqi politics within a broader and deeper historical examination. In doing so, the chapters demonstrate that beyond the overwhelming emphasis on failed occupations, cruel tyrants, ethnic separatists and violent religious fanatics, is an Iraqi people who have routinely agitated against the state, advocated for legitimate and accountable government, and called for inter-communal harmony.When, the authors maintain, the Iraqi people are given agency in the complex process of consent, negotiation and resistance that underpin successful state-society relations, the nation can move beyond patterns of oppression and cruelty, of dangerous rhetoric and divisive politics, and towards a cohesive, peaceful and prosperous future - despite the many difficulties and the steep challenges that lie ahead. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dr. William Smith's Dictionary of the Bible William Smith, 1888 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of the Kurds Michael M. Gunter, 2010-11-04 Straddling the mountainous borders where Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria converge in the Middle East, the 25-30 million Kurds living there constitute the largest nation in the world without its own independent state. In recent years the Kurdish problem has become increasingly important in Middle Eastern and even international politics for two fundamental reasons. First, the wars against Saddam Hussein in 1991 and 2003 resulted in the creation of a virtually independent Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in a federal Iraq. This KRG has inspired the Kurds elsewhere to seek cultural, social, and even political autonomy, if not independence. Second, Turkey's application for admission into the European Union (EU) also has brought the Kurdish issue to the attention of Europe. The second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Kurds greatly expands on the first edition through an updated chronology, an introductory essay, an expanded bibliography, maps, photos, and over 400 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, events, institutions, and aspects of culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the history of the Kurds. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1893 Royal Asiatic society of Great Britain and Ireland, London. Library, 1893 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa Ghada Talhami, 2013 The overriding theme of this work is that women’s struggles, human rights, myths, and literary expression are indispensable to an understanding of the modern culture and socio-political development of the Middle East region. The work demonstrates that no aspect of Middle Eastern history and modern evolution was shaped in isolation of women’s lives and contributions to society. The dictionary covers the biographies and written work of prominent historical female figures in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as 20th-century feminists, both male and female, who advanced women’s rights over many years. The Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa includes a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and a dictionary section that has over 400 cross-referenced entries on various aspects of Middle Eastern feminism and culture, touching upon religious themes such as Sharia laws, Islamic marriage, divorce, and inheritance practices. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the culture and history of women in the Middle East and North Africa. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary Catalog of the Water Resources Center Archives, University of California, Berkeley Water Resources Center Archives (Calif.), 1978 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dictionary Catalog of the Research Libraries of the New York Public Library, 1911-1971 New York Public Library. Research Libraries, 1979 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Dr. W. Smith's Dictionary of the Bible ... Revised and Edited by ... H. B. Hackett, with the Coöperation of E. Abbot William Smith, 1870 |
| jalal urban dictionary: Handbook of Families in the Arab Gulf States Md Mizanur Rahman, Kaltham Al-Ghanim, Ziarat Hossain, Sharique Umar, 2025-06-30 This open access book collates and advances the body of knowledge about the factors, directions, and magnitudes of change in Arabian Gulf families from interdisciplinary perspectives. Family life across the globe is being impacted by unprecedented diversity in household living arrangements and by sweeping economic, cultural, and social change, and this is not an exception in the Gulf region. The book demarcates how Gulf families are experiencing many formidable challenges and undergoing profound changes due to speedy economic transformation, educational reforms, extensive use of social media, rapid urbanization, migration, women empowerment, and the intersections of popular culture from both the East and the West. Notwithstanding such challenges and changes, Gulf families often seem to retain and continue many of the traditional roles and functions of families in a sustained manner. It contributes to current debates that revolve around questions of what has changed, and what has stayed the same, in family structures in the region. Sweeping and comparative, the book provides avenues for offering practical solutions for policy interventions in Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. It is a key academic text for sociologists interested in transformations in the family in relation to politics, economics, consumption patterns, education, gender, law, social media, religion, culture, social reforms, and the state. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Islam Ludwig W. Adamec, 2016-12-14 This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Islam contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on major sects, schools of theology, and jurisprudence, as well as aspects of Islamic culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Islam. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Botswana Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla, 2008-04-23 In September 2006, Botswana celebrated its 40th anniversary of independence. During its four decades of freedom, the average individual annual income in Botswana has risen from less than $500 in 1966 (in today's prices) to more than $5,000 in 2006. It has held nine open and free national elections; it has expanded the provision of electricity, water, education, and health services to most of its people; and it has become an archetype for other nations wanting to put the profits from its natural resources back into the nation's development. While much has improved in the country, Botswana still faces three major issues: the AIDS epidemic; the tens of thousand refugees from South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe; and 'conflict diamonds.' The fourth edition of the Historical Dictionary of Botswana_through its chronology, introductory essay, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, institutions, and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects_provides an important reference on this burgeoning African country. |
| jalal urban dictionary: Historical Dictionary of Afghan Wars, Revolutions, and Insurgencies Ludwig W. Adamec, 2005 Since its foundation in 1747, Afghanistan has seen seemingly limitless wars waged by the central government to consolidate its control over the country as well as rampant tribal warfare. There have been three Anglo-Afghan Wars (1839-42, 1878-79 and 1919); a Russian-backed Marxist government in Kabul battled a coalition of tribal armies, which was soon followed by the Taliban takeover. Now, in the midst of a war against terrorism, the United States is backing another central government in yet another sporadic struggle. All the information currently available on the endless chain of wars stretching over two and a half centuries is traced in this book. It consists of the American involvement in Afghanistan since October 2001 as well as individual campaigns, including tactics and logistics of skirmishes, the weapons used, and biographical entries on the significant leaders involved in the battles. Extensive analysis of regional and ideological divisions within the country and the external forces that have brought around conflict in this remote, mountainous region, in addition to a chronology of the encounters, an extensive bibliography, and numerous maps and illustrations make this crucial volume indispensable. |
Jalal - Wikipedia
Jalal (Arabic: جلال) is a masculine given or family name. The name or word Jalal means majesty and is used to honor and venerate.
Meaning, origin and history of the name Jalal
Oct 6, 2024 · Means "greatness" in Arabic, from the root جلّ (jalla) meaning "to be great".
Jalal - Name Meaning and Origin
The name "Jalal" is of Arabic origin and has multiple meanings. It is derived from the Arabic word "jalāl" which translates to "glory," "majesty," or "splendor." It is often used as a …
What does jalal mean? - Definitions.net
Jalal (جلال) is an Arabic masculine name, oftentimes means majesty as an attribute of God in the Bible, as in Psalms and Christian hymns, and in the Quran. Many Arabic-speaking …
Jalal - Meaning of Jalal, What does Jalal mean? - BabyNam…
[ 2 syll. ja - lal, jal - al ] The baby boy name Jalal is pronounced as JHaa-L AE L †. Jalal is of Arabic origin. It is used mainly in Arabic and Urdu. The name Jalal means 'greatness'. Jalal is a …
Jalal - Wikipedia
Jalal (Arabic: جلال) is a masculine given or family name. The name or word Jalal means majesty and is used to honor and venerate.
Meaning, origin and history of the name Jalal
Oct 6, 2024 · Means "greatness" in Arabic, from the root جلّ (jalla) meaning "to be great".
Jalal - Name Meaning and Origin
The name "Jalal" is of Arabic origin and has multiple meanings. It is derived from the Arabic word "jalāl" which translates to "glory," "majesty," or "splendor." It is often used as a given name for …
What does jalal mean? - Definitions.net
Jalal (جلال) is an Arabic masculine name, oftentimes means majesty as an attribute of God in the Bible, as in Psalms and Christian hymns, and in the Quran. Many Arabic-speaking Christians …
Jalal - Meaning of Jalal, What does Jalal mean? - BabyNamesPedia
[ 2 syll. ja - lal, jal - al ] The baby boy name Jalal is pronounced as JHaa-L AE L †. Jalal is of Arabic origin. It is used mainly in Arabic and Urdu. The name Jalal means 'greatness'. Jalal is …
Explore Jalal: Meaning, Origin & Popularity - MomJunction
Jun 14, 2024 · Jalal is an empowering baby boy’s name of Arabic origin. It translates to ‘greatness,’ ‘renown,’ and ‘superiority.’. The name could also mean ‘majesty’ and is often used …
Jalal: Name Meaning, Popularity and Info on BabyNames.com
Jun 18, 2025 · The name Jalal is primarily a male name of Arabic origin that means Greatness. Click through to find out more information about the name Jalal on BabyNames.com.
Jalal: meaning, origin, and significance explained
Jalal is a male name of Arabic origin, carrying a powerful and significant meaning of greatness. This name exudes a sense of magnificence and strength, making it a popular choice for …
Jalal Talabani - Wikipedia
Jalal Talabani (Kurdish: مام جەلال تاڵەبانی, romanized: Celal Talebanî; Arabic: جلال طالباني Jalāl Ṭālabānī; 1933 – 3 October 2017) [2][3] was an Iraqi Kurdish [4] politician who served as the president of …
Jalal: Discover the Meaning Behind the Name - ArabiKey
Jalal is an Arabic name that translates literally to “majesty” or “splendor.” It invokes notions of grandeur, dignity, and beauty, representing traits highly respected in Arabic culture.
