Human Ethology

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  human ethology: New Aspects of Human Ethology Klaus Atzwanger, Karl Grammer, Katrin Schäfer, Alain Schmitt, 2007-11-23 Rough-and-tumble play provided one of the paradigmatic examples of the appli- tion of ethological methods, back in the 1970's. Since then, a modest number of - searchers have developed our knowledge of this kind of activity, using a variety of methods, and addressing some quite fundamental questions about age changes, sex diff- ences, nature and function of behaviour. In this chapter I will review work on this topic, mentioning particularly the interest in comparing results from different informants and different methods of investigation. Briefly, rough-and-tumble play (or R&T for short) refers to a cluster of behaviours whose core is rough but playful wrestling and tumbling on the ground; and whose general characteristic is that the behaviours seem to be agonistic but in a non-serious, playful c- text. The varieties of R&T, and the detailed differences between rough-and-tumble play and real fighting, will be discussed later. 2. A BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON R&T In his pioneering work on human play, Groos (1901) described many kinds of rough-and-tumble play. However, R&T was virtually an ignored topic from then until the late 1960's. There was, of course, a flowering of observational research on children in the 1920s and 1930s, especially in North America; but this research had a strong practical o- entation, and lacked the cross-species perspective and evolutionary orientation present in Groos' work.
  human ethology: Human Ethology Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 2017-07-28 With the discovery of conditioned reflexes by I. P. Pavlov, the possibilities for experimenting, following the example set by the classical, exact sciences, were made available to the behavioral sciences. Many psychologists hoped that the component parts of behavior had also been found from which the entire, multifaceted cosmos of behavior could then be constructed. An experimentally oriented psychology subsequently developed including the influential school of behaviorism.This first text on human ethology presents itself as a unified work, even though not every area could be treated with equal depth. For example, a branch of ethology has developed in the past decade which places particular emphasis on ecology and population genetics. This field, known as sociobiology, has enriched discussion beyond the boundaries of behavioral biology through its stimulating, and often provocative, theses.After vigorous debates between behaviorists, anthropologists, and sociologists, we have entered a period of exchange of thoughts and a mutual approach, which in many instances has led to cooperative projects of researchers from different disciplines. This work offers a biological point of view for discussion and includes data from the author's cross-cultural work and research from the staff of his institute. It confirms, above all else, the astonishing unity of mankind and paints a basically positive picture of how we are moved by the same passions, jealousies, friendliness, and active curiosity.The need to understand ourselves has never been as great as it is today. An ideologically torn humanity struggles for its survival. Our species, does not know how it should compensate its workers, and it experiments with various economic systems, constitutions, and forms of government. It struggles for freedom and stumbles into newer conflicts. Population growth is apparently completely out of hand, and at the same time many resources are being depleted. We must consider our existence rati
  human ethology: Human Ethology I. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989-07-01
  human ethology: Brutality and Benevolence Abel A. Alves, 1996-10-30 The 16th-century conquest of Mexico and its effects are best understood as cultural manifestations of animal behavior patterns which humans share with other primates. While Nahuas and Spaniards can be distinguished on the basis of learned cultural differences, such differences only exaggerated particular expressions of the universal behavioral patterns they shared. Brutality and benevolence were used in the same way by both to establish hierarchy and cultural bonding. After the conquest, a new Mexican synthesis could be constructed because of these commonalities. Alves explores the formation of that synthesis by examining such aspects of material culture as food, clothing, and shelter—especially as they manifest such universal primate tendencies as hierarchy, reciprocity, benevolence, brutality, xenophobia, curiosity, and territoriality. Alves proposes that humans are historically best understood by using current advances in the fields of primatology and ethology. This groundbreaking book will be of great interest to Latin Americanists, historians, and anthropologists.
  human ethology: Conceptual Breakthroughs in Ethology and Animal Behavior Michael D. Breed, 2017-01-25 Conceptual Breakthroughs in Ethology and Animal Behavior highlights, through concise summaries, the most important discoveries and scientific revolutions in animal behavior. These are assessed for their relative impact on the field and their significance to the forward motion of the science of animal behavior. Eighty short essays capture the moment when a new concept emerged or a publication signaled a paradigm shift. How the new understanding came about is explained, and any continuing controversy or scientific conversation on the issue is highlighted. Behavior is a rich and varied field, drawing on genetics, evolution, physiology, and ecology to inform its principles, and this book embraces the wealth of knowledge that comes from the unification of these fields around the study of animals in motion. The chronological organization of the essays makes this an excellent overview of the history of animal behavior, ethology, and behavioral ecology. The work includes such topics as Darwin's role in shaping the study of animal behavior, the logic of animal contests, cognition, empathy in animals, and animal personalities. Succinct accounts of new revelations about behavior through scientific investigation and scrutiny reveal the fascinating story of this field. Similar to Dr. John Avise's Contemporary Breakthroughs in Evolutionary Genetics, the work is structured into vignettes that describe the conceptual revolution and assess the impact of the conceptual change, with a score, which ranges from 1-10, providing an assessment of the impact of the new findings on contemporary science. - Features a lively, brisk writing style and brief entries to enable easy, enjoyable access to this essential information - Includes topics that cover the range of behavioral biology from mechanism to behavioral ecology - Can also be used as supplemental material for an undergraduate animal behavior course, or as the foundational text for an upper level or graduate discussion course in advanced animal behavior
  human ethology: Human Origins Camilla Power, Morna Finnegan, Hilary Callan, 2016-12-01 Human Origins brings together new thinking by social anthropologists and other scholars on the evolution of human culture and society. No other discipline has more relevant expertise to consider the emergence of humans as the symbolic species. Yet, social anthropologists have been conspicuously absent from debates about the origins of modern humans. These contributions explore why that is, and how social anthropology can shed light on early kinship and economic relations, gender politics, ritual, cosmology, ethnobiology, medicine, and the evolution of language.
  human ethology: Studying Human Behavior Helen E. Longino, 2013-01-18 In this volume, Longino enters into the complexities of human behavioural research, a domain still dominated by the age-old debate of 'nature versus nurture'. Longino focuses on how scientists study it, specifically sexual behaviour and aggression, and asks what can be known about human behaviour through empirical investigation.
  human ethology: Patterns of Behavior Richard W. Burkhardt, 2005-03-15 Publisher Description
  human ethology: Ethology and Human Development John Archer, 1992-01-01 The developmental origins of human behavior are often seen as having parallels with the natural world of animal behavior. Researchers in ethology, the biological study of animal behavior, have amassed an enormous body of research, but the psychological study of child development has often ignored the findings, with the notable exception of John Bowlby's use of imprinting as a basis for a novel theory of human attachment. The author of this new book, a psychologist who has carried out research in ethology, evaluates the impact of several decades of ethological work on developmental psychology. He views human development from the context of the natural world, thereby re-establishing the links, begun with Charles Darwin, between research on child development and animal behavior. Chapters summarize important research on observational methods, animal models, social processes, sociobiology, the comparative method, non-verbal communication, and mental processes.
  human ethology: Human Ethology M. von Cranach, K. Foppa, W. Lepenies, D. Ploog, 1980-02-14
  human ethology: Peace Ethology Peter Verbeek, Benjamin A. Peters, 2018-07-23 A scholarly collection of timely essays on the behavioral science of peace With contributions from experts representing a wide variety of scholarly fields (behavioral and social sciences, philosophy, environmental science, anthropology and economics), Peace Ethology offers original essays on the most recent research and findings on the topic of the behavioral science of peace. This much-needed volume includes writings that examine four main areas of study: the proximate causation of peace, the developmental aspects of peace, the function and systems of peace and the evolution of peace. The popular belief persists that, by nature, humans are not pre-disposed to peace. However, archeological and paleontological evidence reveals that the vast majority of our time as a species has been spent in small hunter-gatherer bands that are basically peaceful and egalitarian in nature. The text also reveals that most of the earth’s people are living in more peaceful societies than in centuries past. This hopeful compendium of essays: Contains writings from noted experts from a variety of academic studies Offers a social-psychological perspective on the causation of peaceful behavior Includes information on children’s peacekeeping and peacemaking Presents ideas for overcoming social tension between police and civilians Provides the most recent thinking on the behavioral science of peace Written for students and academics of the behavioral and social sciences, Peace Ethology offers scholarly essays on the development, nature, and current state of peace.
  human ethology: Primate Politics Glendon A. Schubert, Roger D. Masters, 1991 The first book to focus on the political behavior of primates also undertakes to compare human social behavior with that of nonhuman primates. The editors contribute probing introductory essays to each of the three major parts of the volume in addition to their article-length introductory and concluding chapters. In his conclusion, Masters indicates directions for future work. Part I is devoted to theoretical clarification of the interrelationships between the study of primates and humans. Part II presents two examples of comparisons between animal and human social behavior that throw valuable light on contemporary political and social systems. Part III focuses more precisely on contemporary human politics, providing two concrete examples of ethological perspectives on human political behavior. In both cases, nonverbal cues studied by primatologists are shown to illuminate the dynamics of human politics. Contributors include: Nicholas G. Blurton-Jones, Frans B. M. de Waal, Basil G. Englis, Jane Goodall, Bruno Latour, Roger D. Masters, Gregory J. McHugo, Elise F. Plate, Thelma E. Rowell, Glendon Schubert, James N. Schubert, Shirley S. Strum, and Denis G. Sullivan.
  human ethology: Key Topics of Study Jessica Kuper, 2022-01-26 First published in 1987, Key Topics of Study gives an updated overview of the various disciplines and areas of study which go to make up the social sciences today. The essays deal expertly with the various branches of the social sciences, from anthropology to Women’s Studies, and include a useful bibliography for each topic. All the topics have been described succinctly and are comprehensible even to a casual reader. The book highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the social sciences and outlines the foundational arguments of various disciplines. This reference book can be read by everyone but will be particularly handy for students of the social sciences.
  human ethology: Psychology Exposed (Psychology Revivals) Paul Kline, 2015-06-11 Originally published in 1988, in this personal review of the state of academic psychology, Paul Kline draws attention to the way in which his peers at the time studiously avoided such threatening matters as human feelings and emotions, unconscious ‘complexes’ – in short anything that could be called the human psyche. His erudite, amusing, and provocative text outlines the crucial influence of the development of scientific method before examining key experiments within cognitive psychology and cognitive science, psychometrics, social psychology, and animal behaviour. Is most of experimental psychology trivial, redundant, and irrelevant? The academic subject cannot continue to ignore its critics, he argued, and must solve its problems by means of radical solutions. Whether they support or refute Professor Kline’s arguments, students and professionals alike will still enjoy this original book.
  human ethology: The Biology of Religious Behavior Jay R. Feierman, 2009-06-08 Offers a fresh and detailed take on the evolution of religious behavior from a biobehavioral perspective, promoting a new understanding that may help build bridges across the religious divide. There has been much recent interest in the study of religion from the perspective of Darwinian evolution. The Biology of Religious Behavior: The Evolutionary Origins of Faith and Religion offers a broad overview of the topic, written by internationally recognized experts. In addition to its primary focus on religious behavior, the book addresses other important aspects of religion, such as values, beliefs, and emotions as they affect behavior. The contributors approach the evolution of religion by examining the behavior of individuals in their everyday lives. After describing various religious behaviors, the contributors consider the behaviors with reference to their evolutionary history, development during the lifetime of the individual, proximate causes, and adaptive value. Happily, this foray into understanding religion from a biobehavioral perspective demonstrates that, at the biological and behavioral levels, what unites the different religions of the world is far greater than what divides them.
  human ethology: Between Give And Take Ivan Krasner Boszormenyi-Nagy, 2013-06-17 In this volume, Boszormenyi-Nagy and Krasner provide a comprehensive, sharply focused guide to the clinical use of Contextual Therapy (CT) as a therapy rooted in the reality of human relationships. The authors describe a far-reaching trust-based approach to individual freedom and interpersonal fairness that makes possible a remarkably effective system of psychotherapy. Between Give and Take clearly delineates four basic dimensions of relational reality: factual predeterminants, human psychology, communications and transactions and due consideration or merited trust. It is this last dimension that is the cornerstone of CT. It builds on the realm of the between that reshapes human relationships and liberates each relating person for mature living.
  human ethology: The Role of Emotions in Social and Personality Development Carol Magai, Susan H. McFadden, 1995-02-28 Summarizes research in the field and provides a historical context to social and personality development and developmental psychology, emphasizing the role of emotions in personality formation and social behavior. Assesses current theories and alternate models in areas such as attachment, emotion expression, and personality change. Presents a funct.
  human ethology: The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Ritual Risto Uro, Juliette Day, Rikard Roitto, Richard E. DeMaris, 2019 The Handbook provides an indispensable account of the ritual world of early Christianity from the beginning of the movement up to the end of the sixth century.
  human ethology: Anthropology and the Behavioral and Health Sciences Otto von Mering, Leonard Kasdan, 2010-11-23 This book acts as a catalyst for anthropology to foster research ties to its neighboring disciplines in the behavioral and health sciences. It is an introspective and circumspective appraisal of the relevance of anthropology to these related disciplines and professions and assesses the usefulness of reciprocal borrowing of ideas and investigative tools among them. Essays by scholars from several disciplines are included, along with commentaries on each essay by noted social scientists. Contributors: Bernard S. Cohn; Albert Damon; Jules Henry; Donald L. Hochstrasser; Solon T. Kimball; Bertram S. Kraus; Wilton M. Krogman; Richard F. Salisbury; Harvey B. Sarles; Richard G. Snyder; Jesse W. Tapp, Jr.; Otto von Mering; and Murray L. Wax.
  human ethology: Doing Qualitative Research Benjamin F. Crabtree, 1999-08-24 Designed to stimulate interest in qualitative research methods related to primary clinical care and to prepare practitioners to engage in it. Expands existing approaches, ways of knowing, and types of research relationships at levels from the global through community, family, individual, organ, and cell to genome; also recognizes recursive interaction between and among the levels. Distinguishes four dimensions of investigation: what the numbers are, what the words mean, who benefits, and what the consequences are. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
  human ethology: Law, Justice and the State International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. World Congress, 1995
  human ethology: Psychology Library Editions: Psycholinguistics Steven Schwartz, 2013-09-05 Psychology Library Editions: Psycholinguistics brings together as one set, or individual volumes, a series of previously out-of-print titles, originally published between 1970 and 1990. From a variety of academic imprints this set reflects the growth of psycholinguistics as a serious scientific discipline in its own right. It provides in one place a wealth of important reference sources from a wide range of authors expert in the field.
  human ethology: Psycholinguistic Research (PLE: Psycholinguistics) Doris Aaronson, Robert Rieber, 2013-11-20 Originally published in 1979, this book represents an effort to bring together the two disciplines at the core of psycholinguistics, psychology and linguistics. It discusses a broad variety of theoretical approaches to psycholinguistics as well as covering a wide range of topics. At the time the book had four goals: to discuss many of the important contemporary issues in psycholinguistics; to explore the different views on major theoretical controversies; to provide an analysis of background literature as a framework in which to evaluate the issues and controversies; and to describe interesting high-quality research currently being done by the authors and some of their colleagues. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context, with many of the chapters still relevant in psycholinguistic research today.
  human ethology: Exploring Services Science Stefano Za, Monica Drăgoicea, Maurizio Cavallari, 2017-04-04 This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Exploring Services Science, IESS 2017, held in Rome, Italy, in May 2017. The 33 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. IESS 2017 covered major research and development areas related to Service Science foundations, service engineering and management, service innovation, service orientation of processes, applications in service sectors and ICT support for services. The presented papers were organized in topical sections named: theoretical contributions: literature analysis and conceptual models; service systems analysis and design; service organizations case studies and practices; and sustainability: service ecosystems, environment control and transportation.
  human ethology: Understanding Pragmatics Gunter Senft, 2014-01-21 Understanding Pragmatics takes an interdisciplinary approach to provide an accessible introduction to linguistic pragmatics. This book discusses how the meaning of utterances can only be understood in relation to overall cultural, social and interpersonal contexts, as well as to culture specific conventions and the speech events in which they are embedded. From a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective, this book: debates the core issues of pragmatics such as speech act theory, conversational implicature, deixis, gesture, interaction strategies, ritual communication, phatic communion, linguistic relativity, ethnography of speaking, ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, languages and social classes, and linguistic ideologies incorporates examples from a broad variety of different languages and cultures takes an innovative and transdisciplinary view of the field showing linguistic pragmatics has its predecessor in other disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, ethology, ethnology, sociology and the political sciences. Written by an experienced teacher and researcher, this introductory textbook is essential reading for all students studying pragmatics.
  human ethology: Aristotle to Zoos Peter Brian Medawar, J. S. Medawar, 1983 Intended for browsing by educated persons such as biologists, psychologists, sociologists, and other reflective people who see in biology the science most relevant to the understanding and melioration of the human condition. Lengthy enties. Index.
  human ethology: Looking for a Few Good Males Erika L. Milam, 2010-03-15 2010 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine Why do female animals select certain mates, and how do scientists determine the answer? In considering these questions, Erika Lorraine Milam explores the fascinating patterns of experiment and interpretation that emerged as twentieth-century researchers studied sexual selection and female choice. Approaching the topic from both biological and animal-studies perspectives, Milam not only presents a broad history of sexual selection—from Darwin to sociobiology—but also analyzes the animal-human continuum from the perspectives of sex, evolution, and behavior. She asks how social and cultural assumptions influence human-animal research and wonders about the implications of gender on scientific outcomes. Although female choice appears to be a straightforward theoretical concept, the study of sexual selection has been anything but simple. Scientists in the early twentieth century investigated female choice in animals but did so with human social and sexual behavior as their ultimate objective. By the 1940s, evolutionary biologists and population geneticists shifted their focus, studying instead how evolution affected natural animal populations. Two decades later, organismal biologists once again redefined the investigation of sexual selection as sociobiology came to dominate the discipline. Outlining the ever-changing history of this field of study, Milam uncovers lost mid-century research programs and finds that the discipline did not languish in the decades between Darwin’s theory of sexual selection and sociobiology, as observers commonly believed. Rather, population geneticists, ethologists, and organismal biologists alike continued to investigate this important theory throughout the twentieth century.
  human ethology: Handbook of Semiotics Winfried Nöth, 1990-09-22 This is the most systematic discussion of semiotics yet published. —Choice A bravura performance. —Thomas Sebeok Nöth's handbook is an outstanding encyclopedia that provides first-rate information on many facets of sign-related studies, research results, and applications. —Social Sciences in General
  human ethology: Modes of Thought Wolfgang Fikentscher, 2004
  human ethology: Biology ,
  human ethology: Indoctrinability, Ideology, and Warfare Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Frank K. Salter, 1998 Violent ethno-nationalist conflicts continue to mar the history of the twentieth century; yet no satisfactory answer as to why humans are susceptible to indoctrination by ideologies leading to inter-group hostility has thus far been found. This volume brings together an international team of leading scientists to address this complex issue from disciplines as diverse as anthropology, psychology, psychobiology, sociology, philosophy, ethology, sociology, and political science. Treating the processes of indoctrination as a biological phenomenon with physiological and psychological aspects, these essays explore the answers to this pressing question in humanity's evolutionary past.
  human ethology: Ethnic Conflict and Indoctrination Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Frank K. Salter, 1998 Violent ethno-nationalist conflicts continue to mar the history of the current century, yet no satisfactory answer to the question of why humans are susceptible to indoctrination by ideologies that lead to inter-group hostility has so far been found. In this volume an international team of leading scientists from many different fields approach this complex issue from a biological perspective, treating indoctrinability as a predisposition that has its roots in humanity's evolutionary past.
  human ethology: Human Ethology Kenneth Jerold Comfort, 2012
  human ethology: Underdogs Heather Love, 2021-09-17 Introduction : beginning with Stigma -- The Stigma archive -- Just watching -- A sociological periplum -- Doing being deviant -- Afterword : the politics of stigma.
  human ethology: Animal Behavior Desk Reference Edward M. Barrows, 2000-12-28 Revised and updated, containing over 5,000 entries, with over 1,100 more entries than in the previous edition, Animal Behavior Desk Reference, Second Edition: A Dictionary of Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution provides definitions for terms in animal behavior, biogeography, evolution, ecology, genetics, psychology, statistics, systematics, and other
  human ethology: A History of Anthropological Theory Paul A. Erickson, Liam Donat Murphy, 2013-01-01 In the latest edition of their popular overview text, Erickson and Murphy continue to provide a comprehensive, affordable, and accessible introduction to anthropological theory from antiquity to the present. A new section on twenty-first-century anthropological theory has been added, with more coverage given to postcolonialism, non-Western anthropology, and public anthropology. The book has also been redesigned to be more visually and pedagogically engaging. Used on its own, or paired with the companion volume Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory, Fourth Edition, this reader offers a flexible and highly useful resource for the undergraduate anthropology classroom. For additional resources, visit the Teaching Theory page at www.utpteachingculture.com.
  human ethology: The Philosophical Ethology of Dominique Lestel Matthew Chrulew, Jeffrey Bussolini, Brett Buchanan, 2018-10-18 Dominique Lestel is a French philosopher whose work is significant for the rethinking of animality and human-animal relations. Throughout such important books as L’Animalité (1996), Les Origines animales de la culture (2001) and L’Animal singulier (2004), he offers a fierce critique of reductive, mechanistic models of animal behaviour, as well as a positive contribution to etho-ethnographic and phenomenological methods for understanding animal life. Centred around hybrid human–animal communities of shared interests, affects and meaning, his critical and speculative approach to the animal sciences offers a vision of animals as acting subjects and bearers of culture, who form their own worlds and transform them in concert with human and other partners. In tracing the ways in which we share our lives with animals in the texture of animality, Lestel’s cutting-edge philosophical ethology also contributes to an overarching philosophical anthropology of the human as the most animal of animals. This book was originally published as a special issue of Angelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities.
  human ethology: The Wild East: Crime and Lawlessness in Post-communist Russia Viktor Sergeev, 2024-11-01 This analysis of the corruption and violent crime in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, asks how it is possible to label and control certain behaviours as deviant in a context where the legal and moral-ethical norms of a collapsed regime have been discredited but not replaced.
  human ethology: A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology Sahotra Sarkar, Anya Plutynski, 2010-11-08 A COMPANION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY “Sarkar is to be congratulated for assembling this talented team of philosophers, who are themselves to be congratulated for writing these interesting essays on so many fascinating areas in philosophy of biology. This book will be a wonderful resource for future work.” Elliot Sober, University of Wisconsin-Madison “Many of the discussions here start with a definition of terms and a historical context of the subject before delving into the deeper philosophical issues, making it a useful reference for students of biology as well as philosophy.” Northeastern Naturalist “The topics that are addressed are done so well. This book will appeal to the advanced student and knowledgeable amateur and may prove useful catalyst for discussion among research teams or those engaged in cross-disciplinary studies.” Reference Reviews A Companion to the Philosophy of Biology offers concise overviews of philosophical issues raised by all areas of biology. Addressing both traditional and emerging areas of philosophical interest, the volume focuses on the philosophical implications of evolutionary theory as well as key topics such as molecular biology, immunology, and ecology Comprising essays by top scholars in the field, this volume is an authoritative guide for professional philosophers, historians, sociologists and biologists, as well as an accessible reference work for students seeking to learn about this rapidly-changing field.
  human ethology: Notes on the Elements of Behavioral Science Doris Zumpe, Richard P. Michael, 2012-12-06 These notes are intended to help undergraduates who need to understand something of behavior both for its intrinsic interest and for their future careers in medicine, biology, psychology, anthropology, veterinary medicine, and nursing. In Emory University's Biology Department, a single-semester course called Evolutionary Perspectives on Behavior is given to undergraduates. It amounts to four, not eight months of study, so a great deal of compression is essential. There are several excellent textbooks available that deal with behavioral science from different perspectives, but we have found them too compendious for use in a short course when students are so heavily burdened; it is unsatisfactory to direct them to a chapter here and there in several different books or to this or that review article and original paper. In this volume, we have tried effectively and inexpensively to put in one place what we know is needed. The topics we have selected deal with their subjects in a simple, straightforward way without being too superficial. We could not cover everything and the gaps are not entirely idiosyncratic but reflect what students are given very well in other courses. Thus, there is no mention of the physiology of the axon and synapse; learning, memory, cognition, and basic genetics are hardly touched upon because students know about these matters from elsewhere.
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Human or Not: Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to frequently asked questions about the Human or Not game. Learn about the game, its purpose, who the humans and AI bots in the game are, and more.

The Turing Test: Explained through Human or Not Game
"Human or Not" is the Turing Test in turbo mode and all online. It's like playing "Guess Who?" but with real people and sneaky AIs. Here's the deal: You're in this digital guessing game, trying to …

Human or Not: Classified Files
Explore the Turing Test concept through our AI-powered 'Human or Not?' interactive game. Historical context. Current progress, our plans. How to participate.

Human or Not: Start Human or AI game
Start playing game here: Do a search, find a match, chat and then guess if you're conversing with a human or an AI bot in this Turing test-inspired challenge.

Human or Not: Launch Story From Idea Inception to 80k Games a Day
According to AI21 Labs' research, humanornot.ai has achieved impressive results: 40% of human votes were incorrect after conversing with bots, indicating that 40% of the time, humans thought …

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Human or Not: A Social Turing Game is Back, Play Now
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Human or Not: Privacy Policy
Read the privacy policy for the Human or Not game. Understand how we handle your data, your rights, and our responsibilities before you start playing

Chatting About Historical Figures: Human or Bot?
Human or Bot? Two players discuss their admiration for controversial historical leaders like Hitler and Stalin in a casual and insensitive manner. Human or not?

Mysterious Chat Session: Is It A Human Or Chat Bot?
A curious exchange where one party seems to be testing if the other is a chat bot or human, with repeated instructions to stay within limits.