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| how successful was ujamaa: Ujamaa Ralph Ibbott, 2014-11-20 |
| how successful was ujamaa: African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania Priya Lal, 2017-07-27 Drawing on a wide range of oral and written sources, this book tells the story of Tanzania's socialist experiment: the ujamaa villagization initiative of 1967-1975. Inaugurated shortly after independence, ujamaa ('familyhood' in Swahili) both invoked established socialist themes and departed from the existing global repertoire of development policy, seeking to reorganize the Tanzanian countryside into communal villages to achieve national development. Priya Lal investigates how Tanzanian leaders and rural people creatively envisioned ujamaa and documents how villagization unfolded on the ground, without affixing the project to a trajectory of inevitable failure. By forging an empirically rich and conceptually nuanced account of ujamaa, African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania restores a sense of possibility and process to the early years of African independence, refines prevailing theories of nation building and development, and expands our understanding of the 1960s and 70s world. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Ujamaa Julius Kambarage Nyerere, 1968 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Seeing Like a State James C. Scott, 2020-03-17 One of the most profound and illuminating studies of this century to have been published in recent decades.--John Gray, New York Times Book Review Hailed as a magisterial critique of top-down social planning by the New York Times, this essential work analyzes disasters from Russia to Tanzania to uncover why states so often fail--sometimes catastrophically--in grand efforts to engineer their society or their environment, and uncovers the conditions common to all such planning disasters. Beautifully written, this book calls into sharp relief the nature of the world we now inhabit.--New Yorker A tour de force.-- Charles Tilly, Columbia University |
| how successful was ujamaa: The "success Story" of Peasant Tobacco Production in Tanzania Jannik Boesen, A. T. Mohele, 1979 Monograph based on a research project analyzing the success of tobacco agricultural production by small farmers in Tanzania - describes introduction and development of this form of commercial farming in the tabora region, considers agricultural income by farm size, changes through ujamaa village policy, the economic policy of tobacco production, problems arising form deforestation, technical aspects, labour force participation, and linkages with world tobacco industry and international markets. Graphs, maps, photographs and statistical tables. |
| how successful was ujamaa: "The smell of Ujamaa is still there" Daniel Mann, 2017-12-04 Fifty years after the Arusha Declaration, this book sets out to reevaluate one of the most important roots of Tanzania's Ujamaa Socialism: The Ruvuma Development Association. Based on a basic-democratic movement of young politicized farmers, this organization not only brought together up to 18 cooperative villages in southwestern Tanzania, it also became the inspiration for President Nyerere to put his vision of a modern socialist society built on the image of the traditional extended family into a concrete development model on national scale. Led by a participative understanding of empirical research, this explorative study has analyzed the local history of Ujamaa in three case study villages within Ruvuma. Through employing a mix of expert and narrative interviews, as well as group interviews and villager questionnaires, the study sheds new light on the local perceptions of Ujamaa history and communal development, as well as on the interrelations between local and national scale on Tanzania's path of development. It identifies the recent farmers' groups (vikundi) as some of the most important heirs to the Nation's socialist ideology and concludes that in many aspects the smell of Ujamaa is still there. |
| how successful was ujamaa: State Ideology and Language in Tanzania Jan Blommaert, 2014-07-16 This book is a thoroughly revised version of the 1999 edition, which was welcomed at the time as a classic. It now extends the period of coverage to 2012 and includes an entirely new chapter on current developments, making this updated edition an essentia |
| how successful was ujamaa: Development As Rebellion (PB Box Set) G. Shivji, Saida Yahya-Othman, 2020-05-18 This is the first comprehensive biography of Julius Nyerere, a national liberation leader, the first president of Tanzania and an outstanding statesman of Africa and the global south. Written by three prominent Tanzanians, the work spans over 1200 pages in three volumes. It delves into Nyerere's early days among his chiefly family, and the traditions, friends and education that moulded his philosophy and political thought. All these provide the backdrop for his entrance into nationalist politics, the founding of the independence movement and his original experiment with socialism. The work took six years to research and write, involving extensive and wide-ranging interviews with persons from all walks of life in Tanzania and abroad. Among these were several leaders in East and Southern Africa who were based in Dar es salaam during their liberation struggles. The authors also visited several British universities and archives with material related to Nyerere and Tanzania, thus enriching the work with primary sources that not available in Tanzania. The book does not shy away from a critical assessment of Nyerere's life and times. It reveals the philosopher ruler's dilemmas and tensions between freedom and necessity, determinism and voluntarism and, above all, between territorial nationalism and continental Pan-Africanism. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Africa's Liberation Chambi Chachage, Annar Cassam, 2010 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania Emma Hunter, 2015-04-27 Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania is a study of the interplay of vernacular and global languages of politics in the era of decolonization in Africa. Decolonization is often understood as a moment when Western forms of political order were imposed on non-Western societies, but this book draws attention instead to debates over universal questions about the nature of politics, concept of freedom and the meaning of citizenship. These debates generated political narratives that were formed in dialogue with both global discourses and local political arguments. The United Nations Trusteeship Territory of Tanganyika, now mainland Tanzania, serves as a compelling example of these processes. Starting in 1945 and culminating with the Arusha Declaration of 1967, Emma Hunter explores political argument in Tanzania's public sphere to show how political narratives succeeded when they managed to combine promises of freedom with new forms of belonging at local and national level. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania Goran Hyden, 2023-11-10 Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry explores the challenges of development and underdevelopment in Africa, with a focus on Tanzania's experience during its early socialist years. The book critiques the dominant ideologies of development, whether capitalist or socialist, as being rooted in Western industrial paradigms that often fail to address the realities of pre-capitalist African societies. It argues that the underdevelopment in Africa is not solely due to excessive penetration by global capitalism but also to capitalism's inability to dismantle the resilient pre-capitalist structures in many rural societies. The author highlights the role of the Tanzanian peasantry, whose economic and social autonomy often resists the centralizing tendencies of modern development, presenting them not as mere appendages to the global economy but as key players with their own modes of production and unique societal structures. The book is grounded in over a decade of fieldwork and engagement with rural Tanzanian communities, enriched by the author’s fluency in Swahili and deep involvement in local life. It argues for a more nuanced approach to studying African societies, one that goes beyond Western assumptions and models. By placing the peasant mode of production at the center of analysis, the study challenges conventional wisdom and suggests that the primary development challenge in Africa lies not with multinational corporations but with understanding and working within the dynamics of the smallholder peasant economy. The author also reflects on the limitations of conventional social science research and calls for greater involvement in the lived realities of the communities studied, emphasizing the need for research methods that are sensitive to local contexts and values. The book combines academic critique, field observations, and a focus on the epistemological biases of Western scholarship to present a compelling argument for rethinking development in Africa. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Gone to Ground Emily Brownell, 2020-03-10 Gone to Ground is an investigation into the material and political forces that transformed the cityscape of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is both the story of a particular city and the history of a global moment of massive urban transformation from the perspective of those at the center of this shift. Built around an archive of newspapers, oral history interviews, planning documents, and a broad compendium of development reports, Emily Brownell writes about how urbanites navigated the state’s anti-urban planning policies along with the city’s fracturing infrastructures and profound shortages of staple goods to shape Dar’s environment. They did so most frequently by “going to ground” in the urban periphery, orienting their lives to the city’s outskirts where they could plant small farms, find building materials, produce charcoal, and escape the state’s policing of urban space. Taking seriously as historical subject the daily hurdles of families to find housing, food, transportation, and space in the city, these quotidian concerns are drawn into conversation with broader national and transnational anxieties about the oil crisis, resource shortages, infrastructure, and African socialism. In bringing these concerns together into the same frame, Gone to Ground considers how the material and political anxieties of the era were made manifest in debates about building materials, imported technologies, urban agriculture, energy use, and who defines living and laboring in the city. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Street Archives and City Life Emily Callaci, 2017-10-24 In Street Archives and City Life Emily Callaci maps a new terrain of political and cultural production in mid- to late twentieth-century Tanzanian urban landscapes. While the postcolonial Tanzanian ruling party (TANU) adopted a policy of rural socialism known as Ujamaa between 1967 and 1985, an influx of youth migrants to the city of Dar es Salaam generated innovative forms of urbanism through the production and circulation of what Callaci calls street archives. These urban intellectuals neither supported nor contested the ruling party's anti-city philosophy; rather, they navigated the complexities of inhabiting unplanned African cities during economic crisis and social transformation through various forms of popular texts that included women's Christian advice literature, newspaper columns, self-published pulp fiction novellas, and song lyrics. Through these textual networks, Callaci shows how youth migrants and urban intellectuals in Dar es Salaam fashioned a collective ethos of postcolonial African citizenship. This spirit ushered in a revolution rooted in the city and its networks—an urban revolution that arose in spite of the nation-state's pro-rural ideology. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Towards Socialism in Tanzania B. U. Mwansasu, Cranford Pratt, 1981 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Where is Uhuru? Issa G. Shivji, 2009-04 Neoliberal policies promised to correct multiple distortions in postcolonial Africa. But democratic politics, land reform, rights and freedom all suffered. Shivji calls for Africa-centred thinking that embraces the continent's right to self-determination. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Remembering Nyerere in Tanzania Collectif, 2020-12-14 This edited volume is about the rekindled investment in the figure of the first president Julius K. Nyerere in contemporary Tanzania. It explores how Nyerere is remembered by Tanzanians from different levels of society, in what ways and for what purposes. Looking into what Nyerere means and stands for today, it provides insight into the media, the political arena, poetry, the education sector, or street-corner talks. The main argument of this book is that Nyerere has become a widely shared political metaphor used to debate and contest conceptions of the Tanzanian nation and Tanzanian-ness. The state-citizens relationship, the moral standards for the exercise of power, and the contours of national sentiment are under scrutiny when the figure of Nyerere is mobilized today. The contributions gathered here come from a generation of budding or renown scholars in varied disciplines (history, anthropology, political science). Drawing upon materials collected through extensive fieldwork and archival research, they all critically engage the existing literature about Tanzania and prevailing political narratives to explore how nationhood is (re)imagined in Tanzania today through assent and contest. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Freedom and development Julius Kambarage Nyerere, 1973 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Man and Development Julius K. Nyerere, 1974 Pamphlet of statements on social change and economic development in Africa - discusses various aspects of human rights, equality and dignity in society, the tasks of the political party, non-alignment and the Church, the reason for choosing socialism in africa, etc. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Tanzania's Ujamaa Villages Dean E. McHenry, 1979 This study is concerned with a particular policy which is important to countries faced with underdevelopment. This policy was initiated in Tanzania in 1967 with the aim of inducing the rural population to live and work together for the good of all. A decade later, virtually all scattered rural Tanzanians were living in villages and carrying on at least some activity collectively. The objectives are to slow the movement to towns, increase production, permit the introduction of new technology, increase peasant per capita income, reverse the trend towards greater inequality, provide better social services, encourage self-reliance, and reverse the trend towards centralization. One of the major difficulties in implementation was the frequent failure to analyse sufficiently the nature of peasant assessment of costs and benefits to be derived from compliance. The remunerative systems often discourage rather than encourage work. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Surrogates of the State Michael Jennings, 2008 * Uses an instructive historical event to show how NGOs with good intentions are sometimes capable of supporting harmful government policies * A fascinating picture of the players involved in misguided development program In Surrogates of the State Jennings explores the delicate relationship between development NGOs and the states they work in using his exhaustive and illuminating case study of Tanzania in the 1960s and 70s. During that time Tanzania instituted the rural socialist Ujamaa program, resulting in the forced resettlement of 6 million people to villages, transforming the map of the country. Rather than questioning this policy, NGOs working in the area (as typified by Oxfam) became surrogates of the state, helping to carry out the program. Jennings argues that the NGO community was seduced by its own interpretations of what Ujamaa represented, and was consequently blinded to the dark realities of resettlement. Bound by ideological chains of their own forging, organizations that in other contexts have criticized over-mighty states and the use of overt force, NGOs committed themselves fully to Tanzania and its development policy. Through this study, the book uncovers not just the story of development in Tanzania in this critical period, but the history of the NGO itself. And in doing so, raises questions about the future direction of this institution which has become so prominent in international development. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Julius Nyerere Paul Bjerk, 2017-05-30 With vision, hard-nosed judgment, and biting humor, Julius Nyerere confronted the challenges of nation building in modern Africa. Constructing Tanzania out of a controversial Cold War union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, Nyerere emerged as one of independent Africa’s most influential leaders. He pursued his own brand of African socialism, called Ujamaa, with unquestioned integrity, and saw it profoundly influence movements to end white minority rule in Southern Africa. Yet his efforts to build a peaceful nation created a police state, economic crisis, and a war with Idi Amin’s Uganda. Eventually—unlike most of his contemporaries—Nyerere retired voluntarily from power, paving the way for peaceful electoral transitions in Tanzania that continue today. Based on multinational archival research, extensive reading, and interviews with Nyerere’s family and colleagues, as well as some who suffered under his rule, Paul Bjerk provides an incisive and accessible biography of this African leader of global importance. Recognizing Nyerere’s commitment to participatory government and social equality while also confronting his authoritarian turns and policy failures, Bjerk offers a portrait of principled leadership under the difficult circumstances of postcolonial Africa. |
| how successful was ujamaa: The Arusha Declaration Ten Years After Julius Kambarage Nyerere, 1977 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Building a Peaceful Nation Paul Bjerk, 2015 A compelling account of the establishment of Tanzania's stable and ambitious government in the face of external threats and internal turmoil. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Fool on the Hill Matt Ruff, 2012-07-17 From the author of Lovecraft Country: Myth and reality collide on a college campus “in a comic fantasy of wonderful energy, invention, and generosity of spirit” (Alison Lurie). Stephen Titus George is a young writer-in-residence at Cornell University in upstate New York. A bestselling author in search of a new story, he sees his life as a modern-day fairy tale starring himself as a would-be knight trying to woo a lovely maiden—or, actually, two: the bewitching Calliope and his guiding light, Aurora Borealis Smith. But he’s not quite in control of the narrative. There’s another writer with even greater influence on campus. The unseen Mr. Sunshine is an eternal, semi-retired deity who’s been fashioning his own story for centuries. He has all his characters in place: dragons, sprites, gnomes, and villains. And now, finally, his hero. As Mr. Sunshine’s world comes to fabulous and violent life, how can Stephen decide his own fate if it’s already being plotted by a god? An epic of life and death, good and evil, love and sorcery, Fool on the Hill lands Matt Ruff happily on the shelf between Tom Robbins and J. R. R. Tolkien for every lover of the “funky and fantastical” (New York magazine). “Inspired . . . rich in flavorful language . . . [a] dazzling tour de force.” —San Francisco Chronicle “The plot comes together like a brilliant clockwork toy.” —Locus |
| how successful was ujamaa: Villagers, Villages, and the State in Modern Tanzania R. G. Abrahams, 1985 Research papers on the position of Ujaama village development, rural communitys and state intervention in the modernization process, Tanzania - examines the articulation of communal land with household production, the effects of land nationalization, cooperative development and collective farming, the consequences of decision making transfer from local level to central government, role of ideology, leadership, bureaucracy and social controls, impact on rural development and the struggle for right of self determination. Chronology, references. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Class Struggles in Tanzania Issa G. Shivji, 1976 |
| how successful was ujamaa: The Travails of a Tanzanian Teacher Karim F Hirji, 2018-04 A riveting account of the first decade of the work of a retired Professor of Medical Statistics. Filled with a variety of eye-opening episodes, it covers lecturing at the University of Dar es Salaam, the life of a political exile in a remote rural area and the challenges of setting up from scratch a one-of-a-kind educational institute in Africa. |
| how successful was ujamaa: From Divided Pasts to Cohesive Futures Hiroyuki Hino, Arnim Langer, John Lonsdale, Frances Stewart, 2019-08-22 Offers an insightful yet readable study of the paths - and challenges - to social cohesion in Africa, by experienced historians, economists and political scientists. |
| how successful was ujamaa: The People Remember Ibi Zoboi, 2021 Recounts the journey of African descendants in America by connecting their history to the seven principles of Kwanzaa. |
| how successful was ujamaa: In Search of the Common Good Dennis McCann, Patrick D. Miller, 2005-02-04 Biblical scholars and theologians search for the meaning of the common good for our time. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Ripe for Revolution Jeremy Friedman, 2022-01-04 The Cold War–era experiments of the Global South make clear that socialism is more than Stalinism. Jeremy Friedman looks to Indonesia, Chile, Tanzania, Angola, and Iran to understand how socialism has worked in practice. Each state developed its own socialism, pragmatically addressing local needs and shaping the horizons of socialism today. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Freedom and Socialism Julius K. Nyerere, 1968 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Ujamaa Villages in Tanzania Dean E. McHenry, 1981 |
| how successful was ujamaa: Patrice Lumumba Charles River Editors, 2019-08-31 *Includes pictures *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading Without dignity there is no liberty, without justice there is no dignity, and without independence there are no free men. - Patrice Lumumba The modern history of Africa was, until very recently, written on behalf of the indigenous races by the white man, who had forcefully entered the continent during a particularly hubristic and dynamic phase of European history. In 1884, Prince Otto von Bismarck, the German chancellor, brought the plenipotentiaries of all major powers of Europe together, to deal with Africa's colonization in such a manner as to avoid provocation of war. This event-known as the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885-galvanized a phenomenon that came to be known as the Scramble for Africa. The conference established two fundamental rules for European seizure of Africa. The first of these was that no recognition of annexation would granted without evidence of a practical occupation, and the second, that a practical occupation would be deemed unlawful without a formal appeal for protection made on behalf of a territory by its leader, a plea that must be committed to paper in the form of a legal treaty. One of the most controversial colonization efforts took place in the Congo, which still conjures up contrasting images of jungles, wildlife, warlords, civil wars, blood diamonds, and the ongoing anarchy of ethnic and tribal warfare. Indeed, the vast expanse of Congo remains one of the most enigmatic and little-known regions of Africa. It is also, undeniably, the original African failed state. It has suffered generations of warlord rule, inter-ethnic violence and insecurity, particularly in the remote and isolated east of the country. The original name of the region derives from the Kingdom of Kongo, a pre-colonial power that ruled a limited region surrounding, and extended south of, the mouth of the Congo River. The first Europeans to discover the mouth of the Congo River were the Portuguese, who incrementally explored the coast of Africa throughout the late 15th century and established diplomatic and trade relations with the Kongo Kingdom before assuming control of what later became Portuguese West Africa, and later still Angola. At that point in history, the European trading powers were only really interested in trade, most particularly the Atlantic Slave Trade, and there was little incentive to penetrate the interior to any depth. The Portuguese made no particular effort, therefore, to explore the Congo River any further inland than the Crystal Mountains or the extensive region of rapids that tended to shield the interior from the coast. For generations the Portuguese simply traded off the coast, while what lay beyond in the dark interior remained a matter of myth and speculation. It was in the nature of Belgium's withdrawal from Africa that power was essentially handed over to the first in line to receive it. Very little of the careful preparation that characterized the British withdrawal from Africa was evident in Congo, in major part due to the fact that the Belgian system of administration allowed for no phased entry of Congolese employees into the executive level, so there was no one trained or experienced in running a government who was in a position to take over from the departing Belgians. The same, indeed, was true in the armed forces. As it turned out, the first in line to take power was a tall, stern-featured ideologue by the name of Patrice Lumumba. Though he was still just 35, his life story was already one full of ideology, politics, and chaos, and things would only get more turbulent once he became the Congo's leader. Patrice Lumumba: The Life and Legacy of the Pan-African Politician Who Became Congo's First Prime Minister looks at one of the most important African leaders of the 20th century. |
| how successful was ujamaa: The Second Scramble Julius K. Nyerere, 1962 |
| how successful was ujamaa: The Broken Hoe David Uru Iyam, 1995-06-15 In this study of the Biase, a small ethnic group living in Nigeria's Cross River State, David Uru Iyam attempts to resolve a long-standing controversy among development theorists: must Third World peoples adopt Western attitudes, practices, and technologies to improve their standard of living or are indigenous beliefs, technologies, and strategies better suited to local conditions? The Biase today face social and economic pressures that seriously strain their ability to cope with the realities of modern Nigeria. Iyam, an anthropologist and a Biase, examines the relationship between culture and development as played out in projects in local communities. Western technologies and beliefs alone cannot ensure economic growth and modernization, Iyam shows, and should not necessarily be imposed on poor rural groups who may not be prepared to incorporate them; neither, however, is it possible to recover indigenous coping strategies given the complexities of the postcolonial world. A successful development strategy, Iyam argues, needs to strengthen local managerial capacity, and he offers suggestions as to how this can be done in a range of cultural and social settings. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Black Africa 1945-1980 D K Fieldhouse, 2012-08-21 In what ways did economic considerations affect the decision by Britain and France to make their Black African colonies independent? Why were early expectations that independence would lead to rapid and sustained economic development in Africa for the most part disappointed? This title, originally published in 1986, seeks to tackle these two important and strongly debated issues. The main aim and value of the book is to take a broad view of this huge subject, pulling together material on most parts of Black Africa south of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo so that the problem can be seen as a whole. It takes account of a wide range of possible and actual factors which have influenced African economic development, weaving them into a single analysis, including the colonial inheritance, the impact of the fluctuating international economy, policies adopted by African governments and indigenous factors such as climate, drought and human resources. The book is written to be understood without difficulty by non-specialists and is intended to act as an introduction to its subject for university students. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Socialist and Self-Reliance In Tanzania Kimse A.B. Okoko, 2024-11-01 This study developed from a keen interest in the politics of contemporary Africa, especially in regard to the seemingly intractable problem of political dependence with its economic correlate of underdevelopment. The most interesting contemporary work on African political economy explores the link between economic underdevelopment and political dependence. Development and independence are seen as moving in the same direction in the long run, even if in the short run there appear to be inherent contradictions in their immediate needs in a concrete situation. The focus of this work emphasizes the internal contradictions’ (such as exist between the bureaucracy and the political leadership) within Tanzania rather than the external linkages. |
| how successful was ujamaa: The Ujamaa Village Programme in Tanzania: New Forms of Rural Development Gerrit Huizer, 1971 Case study of 'ujamaa' rural cooperative villages in Tanzania illustrating a new form of rural development - outlines the role of the tanu political party under the political leadership of julius nyerere, describes the experimental village or ruvuma and covers financial aspects and administrative aspects, membership, leadership, community development, etc. References. |
| how successful was ujamaa: Dare to Invent the Future Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga, 2023-11-21 A rallying manifesto for the innovative problem-solving we need to build a better, more verdant, and sustainable planetary existence. Academics are letting Africa down. With all that we know, what do we have to show for it? Whose lives have been changed for the better by it? What have we done for and with our communities lately? In this provocative book—the first in a trilogy—Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga argues that our critical thinkers must become actual thinker-doers. Taking its title from one of Thomas Sankara’s most inspirational speeches, Dare to Invent the Future looks for moments in Africa’s story where precedents of critical thought and knowledge in service of problem-solving are evident to inspire readers to dare to invent such a knowledge system. Mavhunga revisits insights from Edward Wilmot Blyden, Booker T. Washington, Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Amílcar Cabral, Julius Nyerere, and Thomas Sankara to illustrate how the academic disciplines have been, and could be, deployed in the service of and through problem-solving, building on what people are doing and know. At its core, he writes, knowledge in the service of and through problem-solving derives from reading the past for new questions, doing due diligence in the present, and contriving an anticipatory approach toward the future. Questioning the fundamental premises of Western and white knowledge production, especially regarding science and technology, Mavhunga proposes in this book refreshingly new approaches to thinking-doing that stem from African realities, in the hopes of inspiring a generation that will run toward, not away from, problems to solve them. |
SUCCESSFUL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SUCCESSFUL is resulting or terminating in success. How to use successful in a sentence.
SUCCESSFUL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SUCCESSFUL definition: 1. achieving the results wanted or hoped for: 2. having achieved a lot, become popular, …
Successful - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocab…
If you win or do well, at whatever it is you do, you are successful. Successful people usually get more money, …
Successful - definition of successful by The Free Dictio…
successful - having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; "a successful architect"; "a successful business venture"
Successful vs. Successfull: What Is the Right Spelling?
Oct 28, 2021 · We hear the word “successful” in our everyday lives. But when it comes to spelling, many of us are unsure between successful vs. successfull. While it may make sense …
SUCCESSFUL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of SUCCESSFUL is resulting or terminating in success. How to use successful in a sentence.
SUCCESSFUL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
SUCCESSFUL definition: 1. achieving the results wanted or hoped for: 2. having achieved a lot, become popular, and/or…. Learn more.
Successful - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
If you win or do well, at whatever it is you do, you are successful. Successful people usually get more money, attention, and praise.
Successful - definition of successful by The Free Dictionary
successful - having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome; "a successful architect"; "a successful business venture"
Successful vs. Successfull: What Is the Right Spelling?
Oct 28, 2021 · We hear the word “successful” in our everyday lives. But when it comes to spelling, many of us are unsure between successful vs. successfull. While it may make sense to use …
SUCCESSFUL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Someone who is successful achieves what they intended to achieve. How successful will this new treatment be? I am looking forward to a long and successful partnership with him. The doctors …
successful adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation ...
Definition of successful adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
What does successful mean? - Definitions.net
Successful usually refers to the accomplishment of a goal, aim, or purpose. It could also mean achieving wealth, respect, or fame. Being successful often implies the attainment of desired …
SUCCESSFUL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Successful definition: achieving or having achieved success.. See examples of SUCCESSFUL used in a sentence.
Successful Definition & Meaning - YourDictionary
Having a favorable outcome. A successful heart transplant. Coming about, taking place, or turning out to be as was hoped for. A successful mission. Having obtained something desired or …
