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| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Walter Rodney, 2018-11-27 The classic work of political, economic, and historical analysis, powerfully introduced by Angela Davis In his short life, the Guyanese intellectual Walter Rodney emerged as one of the leading thinkers and activists of the anticolonial revolution, leading movements in North America, South America, the African continent, and the Caribbean. In each locale, Rodney found himself a lightning rod for working class Black Power. His deportation catalyzed 20th century Jamaica's most significant rebellion, the 1968 Rodney riots, and his scholarship trained a generation how to think politics at an international scale. In 1980, shortly after founding of the Working People's Alliance in Guyana, the 38-year-old Rodney would be assassinated. In his magnum opus, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Rodney incisively argues that grasping the great divergence between the west and the rest can only be explained as the exploitation of the latter by the former. This meticulously researched analysis of the abiding repercussions of European colonialism on the continent of Africa has not only informed decades of scholarship and activism, it remains an indispensable study for grasping global inequality today. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Walter Rodney, |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Walter Rodney, 2018-11-27 “A call to arms in the class struggle for racial equity”—the hugely influential work of political theory and history, now powerfully introduced by Angela Davis (Los Angeles Review of Books). This legendary classic on European colonialism in Africa stands alongside C.L.R. James’ Black Jacobins, Eric Williams’ Capitalism & Slavery, and W.E.B. Dubois’ Black Reconstruction. In his short life, the Guyanese intellectual Walter Rodney emerged as one of the leading thinkers and activists of the anticolonial revolution, leading movements in North America, South America, the African continent, and the Caribbean. In each locale, Rodney found himself a lightning rod for working class Black Power. His deportation catalyzed 20th century Jamaica's most significant rebellion, the 1968 Rodney riots, and his scholarship trained a generation how to think politics at an international scale. In 1980, shortly after founding of the Working People's Alliance in Guyana, the 38-year-old Rodney would be assassinated. In his magnum opus, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Rodney incisively argues that grasping the great divergence between the west and the rest can only be explained as the exploitation of the latter by the former. This meticulously researched analysis of the abiding repercussions of European colonialism on the continent of Africa has not only informed decades of scholarship and activism, it remains an indispensable study for grasping global inequality today. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Walter Rodney, 1972 Monograph comprising an historical account of underdevelopment and the role of Europe in Africa from the fifteenth century to the end of colonialism in the 1960's - discusses africa's contribution to European capitalist development, pre-colonial trade, forced labour as a factor in underdevelopment, the economic implications and social implications of colonialism, etc. References. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Walter Rodney Karim F Hirji, 2017-01 Hirji makes a case that Rodney's seminal work retains its value for understanding where Africa has come from, where it is going, and charting the path towards genuine development for its people. It is a succinct, coherent defence of an intellectual giant who lived and died for humanity, an essential read for anyone interested in Africa. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Africa Underdevelops Africa Stanley Igwe, 2012-10-12 Half a century after independence poverty and disease continues to ravage more than 70% of the inhabitants of the most resource rich continent of the world. State corruption persists as the only industry with steady growth while those that should offer employment to the majority inhabitants of the continent are on the decline. How Africa Underdevelops Africa presents an exegesis of how corruption and its numerous effects are playing out in Africa. With the myth of Asias rise here demystified, Africa has no longer just the Western world to learn from, it could and should necessarily borrow from the social capital values of the East to ensure even distribution of the wealth which at the present rests with an avaricious few who with their cronies tag themselves leaders of Africa. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The Russian Revolution Walter Rodney, 2018-07-10 Preface by Jesse Benjamin and the Walter Rodney Foundation Introduction by Robin D.G. Kelley Afterword by Vijay Prashad In his short life, the Guyanese intellectual Walter Rodney emerged as one of the leading revolutionary thinkers of the Black Sixties. He became a leading force of dissent throughout the Caribbean and a lightning rod of controversy. The 1968 Rodney Riots erupted in Jamaica when he was prevented from returning to his teaching post at the University of the West Indies. In 1980, Rodney was assassinated in Guyana, reportedly at the behest of the government. In the mid-'70s, Rodney taught a course on the Russian Revolution at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. A Pan-Africanist and Marxist, Rodney sought to make sense of the reverberations of the October Revolution in a decolonising world marked by Third World revolutionary movements. He intended to publish a book based on his research and teaching. Now historians Jesse Benjamin, Robin D. G. Kelley, and Vijay Prashad have edited Rodney's polished chapters and unfinished lecture notes, presenting the book that Rodney had hoped to publish in his lifetime. 1917 is a signal event in radical publishing, and will inaugurate Verso's standard edition of Walter Rodney's works. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Extracting Profit Lee Wengraf, 2018-02-19 Extracting profit explains why Africa, in the first decade and a half of the twenty-first century, has undergone an economic boom. This period of “Africa rising” did not lead to the creation of jobs but has instead fueled the growth of the extraction of natural resources and an increasingly-wealthy African ruling class. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Precolonial Black Africa Cheikh Anta Diop, Harold Salemson, 2012-09-01 This comparison of the political and social systems of Europe and black Africa from antiquity to the formation of modern states demonstrates the black contribution to the development of Western civilization. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The Groundings With My Brothers Walter Rodney, 2019-01-22 In his short life, the Guyanese intellectual Walter Rodney emerged as one of the leading thinkers and activists of the anticolonial revolution, leading movements in North America, South America, the African continent, and the Caribbean. In each locale, Rodney found himself a lightning rod for working class Black Power. His deportation catalyzed 20th century Jamaica's most significant rebellion, the 1968 Rodney riots, and his scholarship trained a generation how to think politics at an international scale. In 1980, shortly after founding of the Working People's Alliance in Guyana, the 38-year-old Rodney would be assassinated. In this classic work published in the heady days of anti-colonial revolution, Groundings with My Brothers follows the global circulation of emancipatory ideas, from the black students of North America to the Rasta counter-culture of Jamaica and beyond. The book is striking in its simultaneous ability to survey the wide and heterogenous international context while remaining anchored in grassroots politics, as Rodney offers us first-hand accounts of mass movement organizing. Having inspired a generation of revolutionaries, this new edition will re-introduce the book to a new political landscape that it helped shape, with reflections from leading scholar-activists such as Carole Boyce Davies |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Why Europe Intervenes in Africa Catherine Gegout, 2017 Gegout's book offers a sharp rebuke to those who believe that altruism is the guiding principle of Western intervention in Africa. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Walter Rodney Speaks Walter Rodney, 1990 In 1974, Walter Rodney, author of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, The Groundings with My Brothers and other works, visited the historic institute of the Black World in Atlanta, Georgia. With the institute's members, he discussed his own political and intellectual development and exchanged views on the role of the black intellectual. Her talked at length about the dramatic struggles taking place in southern Africa and about the political economy of African American society. This special book grew out of that dialog, which was never resumed because of Rodney's politically motivated assassination in his native Guyana. Walter Rodney lived with and among black and progressive peoples on four continents and in several areas of the Caribbean. He worked in all these contexts as a historian, university teacher, popular lecturer, social critic and political theorist, and he was an unswerving advocate of the oppressed and exploited classes, especially those of the black world. He was actively involved in the global struggle for freedom... In this work of sustained reflection, Walter tells us in his own words how he came to be the person that he was. He reflects on the nature and meaning of his life at a critical juncture in his career. ...He also discusses his view on the leading political and social trends in Africa, the Caribbean and Black America during the mid-1970s--a period of critical shifts in Pan-African and world affairs. For all who seek to continue grounding with this brother, this work is essential. -From the Introduction by Howard Dodson Chief, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library Walter Rodney delivered many hundreds of speeches. One day, we hope, a selection of those speeches that survive will be made available. The present work will fulfill its purpose if it contributes toward that goal by providing the public with a small but significant example of Walter Rodney's incomparable intellectual penetration, a gift he eloquently employed in order to make the most complex political and historical subjects fully comprehensible to a popular audience. -From the Foreword by Robert A. Hill Editor, Marcus Garvey Papers at the University of California at Los Angeles |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Europe and America Are Still Underdeveloping Africa Joseph R Gibson, 2021-01-03 The fact that 50% of the world's currently impoverished is African is a calculated result of European and American neocolonialism in Africa, a concept Dr. Walter Rodney could only began to analyze. What he did thoroughly recognize is that in order to understand present economic conditions in Africa, one needs to know why it is that Africa has realized so little of its natural potential, and one also needs to know why so much of its present wealth goes to non-Africans who reside for the most part outside of the continent. I wrote this book for two reasons. One, Walter Rodney's How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is arguably the most brilliant and influential book I've personally ever read. As a social studies teacher, I can't teach a world history, economics, or global issues lesson without somehow referring to it. Same thing goes for many of the books I've written. However, with all due respect to Dr. Rodney who himself even realized that ideally an analysis of underdevelopment should come even closer to the present than the end of the colonial period in the 1960s. The phenomenon of neo-colonialism cries out for extensive investigation in order to formulate the strategy and tactics of African emancipation and development. [How Europe Underdeveloped Africa] does not go that far, but How Europe and America Are Still Underdeveloping Africa does. Moreover, several current issues related to neocolonial underdevelopment in Africa, which are again beyond the scope of Rodney's original volume, need special emphasis, such as the tyrannical role of the International Monetary Fund and its Structural Adjustment Policies, the assassinations of several socialist African leaders like Muammar Gaddafi, water privatization, the external debt crisis, global warming, environmental racism, the scramble for African oil, genetically modified food with Terminator technology, land grabbing for agrofuel production and export, AFRICOM, endemic African-on-African violence, joblessness, food insecurity and imported food dependency, father hunger, endemic HIV/AIDS, toxic waste colonialism, and hazardous drug trials led by and for the principal benefit of Western pharmaceutical companies. Two, is the impact of the image of Africa accepted by African-Americans on our collective self-concept. The image of Africa internalized by African-Americans largely determines our self-concept and self-confidence, and if that image is egregiously negative, then we, especially African-Americans, should have access to the true reasons why this image exists. The situations that this negativity is based on are often blamed on corrupt, rapacious, immoral African leaders and the haplessly apathetic African masses, with little if any mention of the fact that European and American governments and multinational corporations are still intentionally underdeveloping Africa. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Africans Underdeveloped Africa: Joshua Agbo, 2011-11 |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Why Africa is Poor Greg Mills, 2012-10-01 Economic growth does not demand a secret formula. Good development examples now abound in East Asia and further afield in others parts of Asia, and in Central America. But why then has Africa failed to realise its potential in half a century of independence? Why Africa is Poor demonstrates that Africa is poor not because the world has denied the continent the market and financial means to compete: far from it. It has not been because of aid per se. Nor is African poverty solely a consequence of poor infrastructure or trade access, or because the necessary development and technical expertise is unavailable internationally. Why then has the continent lagged behind other developing areas when its people work hard and the continent is blessed with abundant natural resources? Stomping across the continent and the developing world in search of the answer, Greg Mills controversially shows that the main reason why Africa's people are poor is because their leaders have made this choice. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe Marta Díaz-Guardamino, Leonardo García Sanjuán, David Wheatley, 2015-10-01 This volume explores the pervasive influence exerted by some prehistoric monuments on European social life over thousands of years, and reveals how they can act as a node linking people through time, possessing huge ideological and political significance. Through the advancement of theoretical approaches and scientific methodologies, archaeologists have been able to investigate how some of these monuments provide resources to negotiate memories, identities, and power and social relations throughout European history. The essays in this collection examine the life-histories of carefully chosen megalithic monuments, stelae and statue-menhirs, and rock art sites of various European and Mediterranean regions during the Iron Age and Roman and Medieval times. By focusing on the concrete interaction between people, monuments, and places, the volume offers an innovative outlook on a variety of debated issues. Prominent among these is the role of ancient remains in the creation, institutionalization, contestation, and negotiation of social identities and memories, as well as their relationship with political economy in early historic European societies. By contributing to current theoretical debates on materiality, landscape, and place-making, The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe seeks to overcome disciplinary boundaries between prehistory and history, and highlight the long-term, genealogical nature of our engagement with the world. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Developing Africa Joseph Hodge, Gerald Hodl, Martina Kopf, 2016-05-16 This book investigates development in British, French and Portuguese colonial Africa during the last decades of colonial rule. During this period, development became the central concept underpinning the relationship between metropolitan Europe and colonial Africa. Combining historiographical accounts with analyses from other academic viewpoints, this book investigates a range of contexts, from agriculture to mass media. With its focus on the conceptual side of development and its broad geographical scope, it offers new and unique perspectives. An extensive introduction contextualises the individual chapters and makes the book an up-to-date point of entry into the subject of colonial development, not only for a specialist readership, but also for students of history, development and postcolonial studies. Written by scholars from Africa, Europe and North America, Developing Africa is a uniquely international dialogue on this vital chapter of twentieth-century transnational history. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Africa Developed Europe N. Mhango, 2018-02-19 Whether Africa is developed or not, depends on how and what one addresses. Development is relative. Nonetheless, the fact is: Africa developed Europe; and thereby became underdeveloped. Addressed academically, the notion of development creates many questions amongst which are: Development in what? Whose development? Development for whom? Who defines development? In this volume, the development dealt with is polygonal; and touches on politico-economic sequels which also affect the social aspect. No doubt. Africa is abundantly rich in terms of resource and culture. Paradoxically, however, Africa is less developed economically compared to Europe thanks to the history of unequal encounters, among other reasons. We cannot emphasise enough the fact that Africas underdevelopment is the price of the development of Europe which is based on historical realities gyrating around Europes criminal past wherein slavery and colonialism enabled Europe to spawn its future capital and investment. How can anyone quibble about Europes development resulting from perpetual plunderage of Africa with impunity committed by European treasure-hunting adventurers? This volume prescribes Africas restorative recompense as the only way forward for the duo and the world. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America Manning Marable, 2015-11-02 How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America is one of those paradigm-shifting, life-changing texts that has not lost its currency or relevance—even after three decades. Its provocative treatise on the ravages of late capitalism, state violence, incarceration, and patriarchy on the life chances and struggles of black working-class men and women shaped an entire generation, directing our energies to the terrain of the prison-industrial complex, anti-racist work, labor organizing, alternatives to racial capitalism, and challenging patriarchy—personally and politically.—Robin D. G. Kelley In this new edition of his classic text . . . Marable can challenge a new generation to find solutions to the problems that constrain the present but not our potential to seek and define a better future.—Henry Louis Gates, Jr. [A] prescient analysis.—Michael Eric Dyson How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America is a classic study of the intersection of racism and class in the United States. It has become a standard text for courses in American politics and history, and has been central to the education of thousands of political activists since the 1980s. This edition is prsented with a new foreword by Leith Mullings. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Britain Underdeveloped the Caribbean Hilary MCD Beckles, 2021-11-09 |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America: Problems in Race, Political Economy and Society Manning Marable, 2000-04 An updated edition of Manning Marable's classic--considered one of the best studies of race and class. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Africa’s Natural Resources and Underdevelopment Kwamina Panford, 2017-02-02 This book explores how African countries can convert their natural resources, particularly oil and gas, into sustainable development assets. Using Ghana, one of the continent’s newest oil-producing countries, as a lens, it examines the resource curse faced by other producers - such as Nigeria, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea - and demonstrates how mismanagement in those countries can provide valuable lessons for new oil producers in Africa and elsewhere. Relying on a broad range of fieldwork and policymaking experience, Panford suggests practical measures for resource-rich developing countries to transform natural resources into valuable assets that can help create jobs, boost human resources, and improve living and working conditions in Ghana in particular. He suggests fiscal, legal, and environmental antidotes to resource mismanagement, which he identifies as the major obstacle to socioeconomic development in countries that have historically relied on natural resources. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The Counter-Revolution of 1776 Gerald Horne, 2014-04-18 How the preservation of slavery was a motivating factor for the Revolutionary War: “Meticulous, thorough, fascinating, and thought-provoking.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review) The successful 1776 revolt against British rule in North America has been hailed almost universally as a great step forward for humanity. But the Africans then living in the colonies overwhelmingly sided with the British. In this trailblazing book, Gerald Horne shows that in the prelude to 1776, the abolition of slavery seemed all but inevitable in London, delighting Africans as much as it outraged slaveholders, and sparking the colonial revolt. Prior to 1776, anti-slavery sentiments were deepening throughout Britain and in the Caribbean, and rebellious Africans were in revolt. For European colonists in America, the major threat to their security was a foreign invasion combined with an insurrection of the enslaved. It was a real and threatening possibility that London would impose abolition throughout the colonies—a possibility the founding fathers feared would bring slave rebellions to their shores. To forestall it, they went to war. The so-called Revolutionary War, Horne writes, was in part a counter-revolution, a conservative movement that the founding fathers fought in order to preserve their right to enslave others. The Counter-Revolution of 1776 brings us to a radical new understanding of the traditional heroic creation myth of the United States. “Eminently readable, this is a book that should be on any undergraduate reading list and deserves to be taken very seriously in the ongoing discussion as to the American republic’s origins.”―The American Historical Review |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Black Marxism, Revised and Updated Third Edition Cedric J. Robinson, 2020-12-16 In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand Black people’s history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are incomplete and inaccurate. Marxist analyses tend to presuppose European models of history and experience that downplay the significance of Black people and Black communities as agents of change and resistance. Black radicalism, Robinson argues, must be linked to the traditions of Africa and the unique experiences of Blacks on Western continents, and any analyses of African American history need to acknowledge this. To illustrate his argument, Robinson traces the emergence of Marxist ideology in Europe, the resistance by Blacks in historically oppressive environments, and the influence of both of these traditions on such important twentieth-century Black radical thinkers as W. E. B. Du Bois, C. L. R. James, and Richard Wright. This revised and updated third edition includes a new preface by Tiffany Willoughby-Herard, and a new foreword by Robin D. G. Kelley. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: A History of the Guyanese Working People, 1881-1905 Walter Rodney, 1981-09 Esme Rockett, also known as MC Ferocious, rocks her suburban Minnesota Christian high school with more than the hip-hop music she makes with best friends Marcy (DJ SheStorm) and Tess (The ConTessa) when she develops feelings for her co-MC, Rowie (MC Rohini). |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: A History of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545-1800 Walter Rodney, 2008-11 Reprint of a version published in New York by Monthly Review Press in 1982. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Africa Richard Dowden, 2014-01-02 A revised and updated edition of the landmark book about the miraculous continent by the finest living Africa correspondent. Every time you try to say 'Africa is...' the words crumble and break. From every generalisation you must exclude at least five countries. And just as you think you've nailed down a certainty, you find the opposite is also true. Africa is full of surprises. For the past three decades, Richard Dowden has travelled this vast and varied continent, listening, learning, and constantly re-evaluating all he thinks he knows. Country by country, he has sought out the local and the personal, the incidents, actions, and characters to tell a story of modern sub-Saharan Africa - an area affected by poverty, disease and war, but also a place of breathtaking beauty, generosity and possibility. The result is a landmark book, compelling, illuminating, and always surprising. This revised edition has an additional chapter on Ethiopia and has been updated throughout to reflect changes such as the death of Mandela and the attack on the Westgate Mall in Nairobi. It also includes two new maps and a new final chapter considering the shape of Africa's future. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The Decolonization Of Africa David Birmingham, 2008-02-20 This bold, popularizing synthesis presents a readily accessible introduction to one of the major themes of the twentieth-century world history. Between 1922, when self-government was restored to Egypt, and 1994, when non-racial democracy was achieved in South Africa, no less than 54 new nations were established in Africa. Written within the parameters of African history, as opposed to imperial history, this study charts the process of nationalism, liberation and independence that recast the political map of Africa in these years. Ranging from Algeria in the North, where a French colonial government used armed force to combat the Algerian aspirations of home rule, to the final overthrow of apartheid in the South, this is an authoritative survey that will be welcomed by all students tackling this complex and challenging topic. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Africa's Last Colonial Currency Fanny Pigeaud, Ndongo Samba Sylla, William Mitchell, 2021 Colonialism persists in many African countries due to the continuation of imperial monetary policy. This is the little-known account of the CFA Franc and economic imperialism. The CFA Franc was created in 1945, binding fourteen African states and split into two monetary zones. Why did French colonial authorities create it and how does it work? Why was independence not extended to monetary sovereignty for former French colonies? Through an exploration of the genesis of the currency and an examination of how the economic system works, the authors seek to answer these questions and more. As protests against the colonial currency grow, the need for myth-busting on the CFA Franc is vital and this exposé of colonial infrastructure proves that decolonization is unfinished business. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Under-Education in Africa Karim F Hirji, 2019-08-13 Under-Education in Africa: From Colonialism to Neoliberalisma collection of edited essays on diverse aspects of educational systems that were written over a period of four and a half decades. With the focus on Tanzania, they cover education in the German colonial era, the days of Ujamaa socialism and the present neo-liberal times. Their themes include social function of education, impact of external dependency on education, practical versus academic education, democracy and violence in schools, role of computers in education, effect of privatization on higher education, misrepresentation of educational history, good and bad teaching styles, book reading, the teaching of statistics to doctors and student activism in education. Two essays provide a comparative view of the situation in Tanzanian and the USA. Deriving from the perspective of an activist educator, these essays connect the state of the education system with the society as a whole, and explore the possibility of progressive transformation on both fronts. They are based on the author's experience as a long term educator, original research, relevant books, newspaper reports and discussions with colleagues and students. The author is a retired Professor of Medical Statistics who has taught at colleges and universities in Tanzania and at universities in USA and Norway. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Middle Passages Kamau Brathwaite, 1992 The Barbadian poet Kamau Brathwaite reversed the Middle Passage of slavery when he ex/iled himself to Ghana, where he re-discovered his ancestral African roots. Returning home, he charted a second discovery, that of Africa in the Caribbean through six interconnected books, three published in the 1960s which turned into The Arrivants: A New World Trilogy (1973), and a second (Bajan) trilogy comprising Mother Poem (1977), Sun Poem (1982) and X/Self (1987), all published by Oxford University Press.MiddlePassages is an offshoot of the second trilogy, 'a splice of time & space', as he puts it, between his/father's world of Sun Poem and 'the magical irrealism' of X/Self. With his other 'shorter' collections Black + Blues and Third World Poems, MiddlePassages creates a kind of chisel which may well lead us into a projected third trilogy. Here is a political angle to Brathwaite's Caribbean & New World quest, with new notes of protest and lament. It marks a Sisyphean stage of Third World history in which things fall apart and everyone's achievements come tumbling back down upon their heads and into their hearts, like the great stone which King Sisyphus was condemned to keep heaving back up the same hill in hell - a postmodernist implosion already signalled by Baldwin, Patterson, Soyinka and Achebe and more negatively by V.S. Naipaul; but given a new dimension here by Brathwaite's rhythmical and 'video' affirmations.And so MiddlePassages includes poems for those modern heroes who are the pegs by which the mountain must be climbed again: Maroon resistance, the poets Nicolás Guillén, the Cuban revolutionary, and Mikey Smith, stoned to death on Stony Hill; the great musicians (Ellington, Bessie Smith); and Third World leaders Kwame Nkrumah, Walter Rodney and Nelson Mandela. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Late Victorian Holocausts Mike Davis, 2002-06-17 This global environmental and political history “will redefine the way we think about the European colonial project” (Observer). “ . . . sets the triumph of the late 19th-century Western imperialism in the context of catastrophic El Niño weather patterns at that time . . . groundbreaking, mind-stretching.” —The Independent Examining a series of El Niño-induced droughts and the famines that they spawned around the globe in the last third of the 19th century, Mike Davis discloses the intimate, baleful relationship between imperial arrogance and natural incident that combined to produce some of the worst tragedies in human history. Late Victorian Holocausts focuses on three zones of drought and subsequent famine: India, Northern China; and Northeastern Brazil. All were affected by the same global climatic factors that caused massive crop failures, and all experienced brutal famines that decimated local populations. But the effects of drought were magnified in each case because of singularly destructive policies promulgated by different ruling elites. Davis argues that the seeds of underdevelopment in what later became known as the Third World were sown in this era of High Imperialism, as the price for capitalist modernization was paid in the currency of millions of peasants’ lives. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The End of the Cold War and The Third World Artemy Kalinovsky, Sergey Radchenko, 2011-04-19 This book brings together recent research on the end of the Cold War in the Third World and engages with ongoing debates about regional conflicts, the role of great powers in the developing world, and the role of international actors in conflict resolution. Most of the recent scholarship on the end of the Cold War has focused on Europe or bilateral US-Soviet relations. By contrast, relatively little has been written on the end of the Cold War in the Third World: in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. How did the great transformation of the world in the late 1980s affect regional conflicts and client relationships? Who won and who lost in the Third World and why do so many Cold War-era problems remain unresolved? This book brings to light for the first time evidence from newly declassified archives in Russia, the United States, Eastern Europe, as well as from private collections, recent memoirs and interviews with key participants. It goes further than anything published so far in systematically explaining, both from the perspectives of the superpowers and the Third World countries, what the end of bipolarity meant not only for the underdeveloped periphery so long enmeshed in ideological, socio-political and military conflicts sponsored by Washington, Moscow or Beijing, but also for the broader patterns of international relations. This book will be of much interest to students of the Cold War, war and conflict studies, third world and development studies, international history, and IR in general. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Cultural Genocide in the Black and African Studies Curriculum Yosef Ben-Jochannan, 2004 As Black and African Studies programs emerged in the early 1970's, the question of who has the right and responsibility to determine course content and curriculum also emerged. In 1972, Dr. Ben's critique on this subject was published as Cultural Genocide in The Black and African Studies Curriculum. It has been republished several times since then and its topic has remained timely and unresolved. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Imperialism and Underdevelopment Robert I. Rhodes, 1970 Twentieth Century by Dudley Seers. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Walter Rodney's Intellectual and Political Thought Rupert Lewis, 1998 Placing Rodney's work in the larger tradition of West Indian involvement with continental Africa, Walter Rodney's Intellectual and Political Thought traces the evolution of Walter Rodney's political ideas through biography, analysis of his writings on Africa and the Caribbean, and his political practice. Rooted in transatlantic history and politics, Rodney's intellectual and political thought critiqued the British Empire and capitalism in the diasporic locations of Guyana, Jamaica, London and Tanzania, as well as the processes of recolonisation. A West Indian, Pan-Africanist and Marxist, Walter Rodney functioned in the intellectual tradition of C. L. R. James, Henry Sylvester-Williams, and George Padmore of Trinidad and Tobago, Theophilus Scholes and Marcus Garvey of Jamaica, and the collective force of the Rastafarian movement in Jamaica during the 1950s and 1960s - although his post-colonial-era perspective also set him apart from these earlier figures and movements. |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Lakshmi Out of India Walter Rodney, 2000 |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: The ABCs of Political Economy Robin Hahnel, 2002-11-20 'Lucidly written, comprehensive in coverage, based on expert understanding and insight.' --Noam Chomsky |
| how europe underdeveloped africa: Hammer and Hoe Robin D. G. Kelley, 2015 A groundbreaking contribution to the history of the long Civil Rights movement, Hammer and Hoe tells the story of how, during the 1930s and 40s, Communists took on Alabama's repressive, racist police state to fight for economic justice, civil and political rights, and racial equality. The Alabama Communist Party was made up of working people without a Euro-American radical political tradition: devoutly religious and semiliterate black laborers and sharecroppers, and a handful of whites, including unemployed industrial workers, housewives, youth, and renegade liberals. In this book, Robin D. G. Kelley reveals how the experiences and identities of these people from Alabama's farms, factories, mines, kitchens, and city streets shaped the Party's tactics and unique political culture. The result was a remarkably resilient movement forged in a racist world that had little tolerance for radicals. After discussing the book's origins and impact in a new preface written for this twenty-fifth-anniversary edition, Kelley reflects on what a militantly antiracist, radical movement in the heart of Dixie might teach contemporary social movements confronting rampant inequality, police violence, mass incarceration, and neoliberalism. |
Europe - Wikipedia
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, …
Europe | History, Countries, Map, & Facts | Britannica
3 days ago · Europe is the second smallest of the world’s continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia). It occupies …
Europe Map / Map of Europe - Facts, Geography, History of Europe ...
Europe is the planet's 6th largest continent AND includes 47 countries and assorted dependencies, islands and territories. Europe's recognized surface area covers about …
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Together with Asia, Europe forms the vast continent of Eurasia, occupying about 17% of its total area, and is one of the smallest continent of the world, slightly larger than Australia. Europe is …
Europe - World History Encyclopedia
Jun 9, 2023 · What is Europe? Europe is a continent forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is often referred to by scholars as a peninsula of the Eurasian land mass but is not considered a …
Europe - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Europe is the western part of the continent of Eurasia, often thought of as its own continent. It is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains in Russia and the Bosporus strait in Turkey . The …
Europe - Encyclopedia.com
May 11, 2018 · Europe (yŏŏr´əp), 6th largest continent, c.4,000,000 sq mi (10,360,000 sq km) including adjacent islands (1992 est. pop. 512,000,000). It is actually a vast peninsula of the …
List of countries in Europe - The World Countries
How many countries are there in the continent Europe? Check here for all the inportant details about Europe and its different countries, their geography, history, economy and more
Europe: geography, climate, culture, economy and history
Europe is one of the most developed regions in the world, boasting a diversified and highly advanced economy. Among the most developed countries in Europe are Germany, France, …
Europe Map: Regions, Geography, Facts & Figures | Infoplease
Europe has a total population of over 740 million people and is home to 44 countries, including Russia, France, Germany, and Italy. It is known for its rich history, diverse cultures, and …
Europe - Wikipedia
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, …
Europe | History, Countries, Map, & Facts | Britannica
3 days ago · Europe is the second smallest of the world’s continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia). It occupies …
Europe Map / Map of Europe - Facts, Geography, History of Europe ...
Europe is the planet's 6th largest continent AND includes 47 countries and assorted dependencies, islands and territories. Europe's recognized surface area covers about …
Map of Europe | List of Countries of Europe Alphabetically
Together with Asia, Europe forms the vast continent of Eurasia, occupying about 17% of its total area, and is one of the smallest continent of the world, slightly larger than Australia. Europe is …
Europe - World History Encyclopedia
Jun 9, 2023 · What is Europe? Europe is a continent forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. It is often referred to by scholars as a peninsula of the Eurasian land mass but is not considered a …
Europe - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Europe is the western part of the continent of Eurasia, often thought of as its own continent. It is separated from Asia by the Ural Mountains in Russia and the Bosporus strait in Turkey . The …
Europe - Encyclopedia.com
May 11, 2018 · Europe (yŏŏr´əp), 6th largest continent, c.4,000,000 sq mi (10,360,000 sq km) including adjacent islands (1992 est. pop. 512,000,000). It is actually a vast peninsula of the …
List of countries in Europe - The World Countries
How many countries are there in the continent Europe? Check here for all the inportant details about Europe and its different countries, their geography, history, economy and more
Europe: geography, climate, culture, economy and history
Europe is one of the most developed regions in the world, boasting a diversified and highly advanced economy. Among the most developed countries in Europe are Germany, France, …
Europe Map: Regions, Geography, Facts & Figures | Infoplease
Europe has a total population of over 740 million people and is home to 44 countries, including Russia, France, Germany, and Italy. It is known for its rich history, diverse cultures, and …
