Hasideans

  hasideans: The Hasideans and the Origin of Pharisaism John Kampen, 1988
  hasideans: Early Judaism George W. E. Nickelsburg, Michael E. Stone, Jewish writings from the period of Second Temple present a rich and complex variety of first-hand materials. Here, the editors have updated their classic sourcebook on Jewish beliefs and practices to take into account current thinking about the sources.
  hasideans: Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible David Noel Freedman, Allen C. Myers, 2000-12-31 The Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible gathers nearly 5,000 alphabetically ordered articles that thoroughly yet clearly explain all the books, persons, places, and significant terms found in the Bible. The Dictionary also explores the background of each biblical book and related writings and discusses cultural, natural, geographical, and literary phenomenae matters that Bible students at all levels may encounter in reading or discussion. Nearly 600 first-rate Bible authorities have contributed to the Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Intended as a tool for practical Bible use, this illustrated dictionary reflects recent archaeological discoveries and the breadth of current biblical scholarship, including insights from critical analysis of literary, historical, sociological, and other methodological issues. The editorial team has also incorporated articles that explore and interpret important focuses of biblical theology, text and transmission, Near Eastern archaeology, extrabiblical writings, and pertinent ecclesiastical traditions - all of which help make the Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible the most comprehensive and up-to-date one-volume Bible dictionary on the market today.
  hasideans: Collective Reinterpretation in the Psalms Marko Marttila, 2006 Marko Marttila's study is a new contribution to the old question, how the 'I' of the Psalms should be understood. It seems that people who were responsible for editing the Hebrew Psalter more than two thousand years ago identified the suffering anonymous 'I' with the suffering people of Israel. Thus the editors in their own time attempted to make earlier texts more actual.--BOOK JACKET.
  hasideans: The Development of the High Priesthood during the pre-Hasmonean Period Maria Brutti, 2021-11-29 This book deals with the Jewish High Priesthood between 301-152 BCE. The research was carried out as part of a doctoral thesis at the Pontifical Gregorian University. It is of a historical-biblical-theological nature. Historical, in as much as it refers to a chronological period and to the historiographic sources; biblical and theological because it questions a Biblical institution, its meaning and its religious function. The history of the High Priesthood is analysed on the basis of conflicting documents, starting from the question of power and the autonomy of the high priests under the rule of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. However, the historical reconstruction is strongly determined by the political ideology and theological vision of the available sources on this subject.
  hasideans: The Social History of Ancient Israel Rainer Kessler, * An accessible social history of ancient Israel, designed for Old Testament courses * Includes a timeline and glossary of terms
  hasideans: The Old Greek Psalter Robert James Victor Hiebert, Claude E. Cox, Peter John Gentry, Albert Pietersma, 2001-01-01 Collected essays on the Old Greek Psalter by linguistic and textual scholars highlighting its significance for biblical research and related disciplines. This tribute to Albert Pietersma of the University of Toronto is offered by a highly distinguished international panel of scholars, including John W. Wevers, Takamitsu Muraoka, Anneli Aejmelaeus, Emanuel Tov, Johan Lust, Robert A. Kraft, Johann Cook, Arie van der Kooij, Moises Silva and Claude E. Cox. The focus of the volume is on the Old Greek Psalter and its significance for biblical research and related disciplines, where it marks a definitive statement of research questions and issues in this increasingly important area of biblical textual studies.
  hasideans: Daniel Philip R. Davies, 2010-07-15 Daniel has engendered a good deal of controversial debate, especially regarding its date and authorship and its 'apocalyptic' character. In this introduction for the student, the scholarly issues are carefully described and assessed, while emphasis is placed on the literary and theological aspects of the book, which have been comparatively neglected, but which reflect the concerns and interests of contemporary Old Testament scholarship. This volume thus looks both at the past scholarship and points towards future trends in the understanding of a unique literary and theological masterpiece. It is provided with annotated bibliographies and indexes.
  hasideans: Truth and Compassion Howard Joseph, Jack N. Lightstone, Michael Oppenheim, 2006-01-01 These essays represent a multidisciplinary approach to the study of religion and, especially, Judaism. Setting aside common scholarly concerns with source criticism and history of interpretation, Shimon Levy argues that in Numbers 11 the redactor has forged diverse elements into a unity. Observing that much of what is said about Second Commonwealth Judaic culture is speculative, Jack Lightstone calls for radical revision of accepted portrayals of the period. Ira Robinson's study of al-Kirkisani's effort to differentiate magic and miracle while demonstrating the rationality of belief in miracle locates his thoughts in the context of Rabbinic and Muslim treatments of the subject. While historians of modern Judaism have acknowledged in the influence of Kant and Hegel, Rousseau, contends Michel Despland, is often overlooked; he opened the way for changes in social and religious life. In Walter Benjamin's philosophy of history Charles Davis finds a significant combining of elements from Kabbalistic and Marxist thought. Michael Oppenheim finds a common core of concerns addressed by modern Jewish philosophers: a struggle with modernity, identification with Jewish thought and values, and commitment to their Jewish communities. Gershon Hundert's Reflections on the 'Whig' Interpretation of Jewish History argues—vis-à-vis the Jerusalem school of Zionist historians—that the responsibility of national historians to their community can be fulfilled only by repudiating ideologies that may stand in the way of the search for truth. Howard Joseph's survey of teh extensive literature on the Holocaust indicates the options the authors find most worthy of continued focus. Jerome Eckstein critically examines one of the few published pieces by Joseph Soloveitchik, who combines the Talmudic genius of the Lithuanian Yeshiva world with mastery of the Western intellectual tradition. B. Barry Levy's study of the Artscroll series of translations of and commentaries on biblical literature examines the assumptions and methodology of the series and the hidden agenda that emerges. Frederick Bird's comparison of charity ethics in Judaism and Christianity draws attention to the imprint on these ethics of the formative period of each religion. The volume will be of interest to student of the Bible, Judaism, and Christianity.
  hasideans: From Qumran to the Yaḥad Alison Schofield, 2009 Since the discovery of the Cave 4 versions of The Community Rule (Serekh ha-Yaad or S), scholars have been perplexed about its complex textual history. This book offers a fresh, broader model for reading S that better accounts for the long and diverse history behind the text.
  hasideans: Jesus Movement Ekkehard Stegemann, Wolfgang Stegemann, 1999-08-01 This work by two New Testament scholars is the first comprehensive social history of the earliest churches. Integrating the historical and social data, they locate the ancient Galileans, Judeans, and the Jesus movement in their respective matrices. The Stegemanns deal with such issues as conflict between the messianic communities and the rest of Judaism, religious pluralism, social stratification, group composition, gender division, ancient economics, and urban/rurual distinctions.
  hasideans: The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia ... Isaac Landman, Simon Cohen, 1941
  hasideans: The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism John J. Collins, Daniel C. Harlow, 2010-11-11 The Dictionary of Early Judaism is the first reference work devoted exclusively to Second Temple Judaism (fourth century b.c.e. through second century c.e.). The first section of this substantive and incredible work contains thirteen major essays that attempt to synthesize major aspects of Judaism in the period between Alexander and Hadrian. The second — and significantly longer — section offers 520 entries arranged alphabetically. Many of these entries have cross-references and all have select bibliographies. Equal attention is given to literary and nonliterary (i.e. archaeological and epigraphic) evidence and New Testament writings are included as evidence for Judaism in the first century c.e. Several entries also give pertinent information on the Hebrew Bible. The Dictionary of Early Judaism is intended to not only meet the needs of scholars and students — at which it succeeds admirably — but also to provide accessible information for the general reader. It is ecumenical and international in character, bringing together nearly 270 authors from as many as twenty countries and including Jews, Christians, and scholars of no religious affiliation.
  hasideans: The Pharisees Kent L. Yinger, 2022-05-19 A struggle is currently underway to figure out one of the central groups in the gospel story . . . the Pharisees. Were they “hypocrites or heroes”? Or as one recent writer put it, maybe they were just “good guys with bad press.” Scholars of Judaism and of the NT have been painstakingly correcting, even rehabilitating, the image of the first-century Pharisees, but this seems not yet to have affected most readers of Scripture. Here at last is a book that lays out for the non-specialist the evidence for the origin and true nature of the Pharisees . . . and challenges them to re-read the gospel stories with real Pharisees in mind rather than caricatures.
  hasideans: Ḥesed and the New Testament Karen Nelson, 2023-05-24 In the Hebrew Bible, ḥesed (steadfast love, loyalty, devotion) denotes an important concept that is relevant to interpersonal relationships in every generation. In this book, Karen Nelson investigates New Testament engagement with that concept and the exegetical value of recognizing such engagement. This investigation employs an original hybrid of two methodological approaches: intertextuality, used to consider how New Testament authors appropriate texts that evoke ḥesed or ḥāsîd, and categorization, used to analyze and compare instances of the categories ḥsd and ḥsyd within the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. Nelson’s work challenges assertions that the New Testament equivalent of ḥesed is agapē (love) or charis (grace). Rather, she contends that ḥesed and ḥāsîd are more likely to be evoked by the terms with which they are most often rendered in the Septuagint: eleos and hosios, respectively. Nelson rereads selected New Testament pericopes in light of ḥesed, highlighting points about ongoing devotion to kinship and covenantal relationships often overlooked in those contexts and showing how New Testament authors and figures utilize the ḥesed tradition to critique the contemporary socioreligious situation and encourage belief, enduring commitment, and appropriately changed lifestyles. Addressing a topic that spans the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, this study will be of value to biblical scholars, especially those who are interested in semantics.
  hasideans: The Torah in 1Maccabees Francis Borchardt, 2014-08-22 This volume addresses two pivotal questions surrounding the composition of 1Maccabees. It sets out to discern the place and function of the torah within the community described by the book. However, before addressing the main problem, the author must first determine the composition history of the text. Given that the former orthodoxy of a unitary authorship seems to be breaking down, and no consensus has taken its place, a literary critical investigation occupies a necessary and lengthy portion of the work. Once a recommendation for the book’s composition history is reached, attitudes toward the inherited Judean tradition are described in each of the strata discovered. The resulting study reveals a wide variety of opinions on the Judean traditions and their function in society. This contributes to the current trend in scholarship of the Hellenistic period questioning the dichotomy between Judaism and Hellenism by demonstrating the different attitudes within even one text.
  hasideans: The Maccabean Martyrs as Saviours of the Jewish People Jan Willem van Henten, 2021-11-22 This volume deals with the presentation of the so-called Maccabean martyrs and the elder Razis in 2 and 4 Maccabees, discussing the religious, the political as well as the philosophical aspects of noble death in these writings. It argues that the theme of martyrdom is a very important part of the self-image of the Jews as presented by the authors of both works. Eleazar, the anonymous mother with her seven sons and Razis should, therefore, be considered heroes of the Jewish people. The first part of the book discusses the sources and the second part deals with the descriptions of noble death. This section of the book also offers extensive discussions of related non-Jewish traditions which highlight the political-patriotic dimension of noble death as described in 2 and 4 Maccabees.
  hasideans: A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period Rainer Albertz, 1994-01-01 This book, the second of two volumes, offers a comprehensive history of Israelite religion. It is a part of the Old Testament Library series. The Old Testament Library provides fresh and authoritative treatments of important aspects of Old Testament study through commentaries and general surveys. The contributors are scholars of international standing.
  hasideans: Journal of the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis , 1920
  hasideans: A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period, Volume II Rainer Albertz, 1994-11-01 This book, the second of two volumes, offers a comprehensive history of Israelite religion. It is a part of the Old Testament Library series. The Old Testament Library provides fresh and authoritative treatments of important aspects of Old Testament study through commentaries and general surveys. The contributors are scholars of international standing.
  hasideans: Jesus the Wicked Priest Marvin Vining, 2008-03-27 Decodes the Dead Sea Scrolls to reveal Christianity’s hidden Essene origins • Reveals the Essenes as key figures behind Jesus’s trial, torture, and crucifixion • Shows how Jesus, a former Essene himself, was deemed “the Wicked Priest” for his liberationist politics and humanist bent • Examines the lost Christian doctrine of reincarnation and the secret role of Gabriel in the Virgin Birth The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in 1947 at Qumran, are generally believed to have been written by a Jewish sect known as the Essenes between 350 BCE and 70 CE--but until now no convincing methodology has linked the Scrolls to the actual life and teachings of Jesus. Marvin Vining builds from the controversial work of Barbara Thiering to demonstrate that the Scrolls do speak directly to the origins of Christianity and even reflect a mirror image of the Gospels from the perspective of Jesus’s enemies. Christianity arose out of a schism between the exclusivist, rigid, and militant views of the Essenes and the inclusivist, tolerant, and nonviolent views of Jesus. Jesus was raised an Essene, but he refused to follow their orthodoxy. Vining shows that the Dead Sea Scrolls are written in a secret coded language called pesher in which Jesus emerges as the Wicked Priest, the antagonist to the Teacher of Righteousness who was the leader of the Essenes. Jesus the Wicked Priest revitalizes the Gospel message by revealing Jesus’s true role as a tireless social reformer and revolutionary teacher. Vining’s study reopens Christian doctrinal questions supposedly long settled, such as reincarnation and the Virgin birth--even demonstrating that these two issues are related. He discloses that the angel Gabriel was incarnate in a living human being and transmitted the seed of a holy bloodline to the Virgin Mary.
  hasideans: Introducing the Old Testament John William Drane, 2001 There is a wealth of the latest scholarship here, yet written so lucidly and simply that the message is absolutely clear. . . . It makes exciting reading of a most informative kind.--Church of England Newspaper
  hasideans: Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions Merriam-Webster, Inc, 1999 Contains 3,500 alphabetically arranged entries that provide information about various aspects of the world's religions; features thirty in-depth discussions of major religions; and includes illustrations and maps.
  hasideans: Ben Sira in Conversation with Traditions Francis M. Macatangay, Francisco-Javier Ruiz-Ortiz, 2022-08-01 This volume of essays on Ben Sira is a Festschrift on the occasion of the 65th birthday of Prof. Nuria Calduch-Benages. The volume gathers the latest studies on Ben Sira's relationship with other Jewish traditions. With a variety of methods and approaches, the volume explores Ben Sira's interpretation of received traditions, his views on the prevailing issues of his time, and the subsequent reception of his work.
  hasideans: Discovering Second Temple Literature Malka Zeiger Simkovich, 2018-11-01 For those unfamiliar with the many divisions within Judaism at that time or with Jewish life in other parts of the Roman Empire, this book offers an excellent introduction to a little-studied time period. Readers of Jewish history will definitely want to add this work to their shelves.—Rabbi Rachel Esserman, Reporter Exploring the world of the Second Temple period (539 BCE–70 CE), in particular the vastly diverse stories, commentaries, and other documents written by Jews during the last three centuries of this period, Malka Z. Simkovich takes us to Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Antioch, to the Jewish sectarians and the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus, to the Cairo genizah, and to the ancient caves that kept the secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls. As she recounts Jewish history during this vibrant, formative era, Simkovich analyzes some of the period’s most important works for both familiar and possible meanings. This volume interweaves past and present in four parts. Part 1 tells modern stories of discovery of Second Temple literature. Part 2 describes the Jewish communities that flourished both in the land of Israel and in the Diaspora. Part 3 explores the lives, worldviews, and significant writings of Second Temple authors. Part 4 examines how authors of the time introduced novel, rewritten, and expanded versions of Bible stories in hopes of imparting messages to the people. Simkovich’s popular style will engage readers in understanding the sometimes surprisingly creative ways Jews at this time chose to practice their religion and interpret its scriptures in light of a cultural setting so unlike that of their Israelite forefathers. Like many modern Jews today, they made an ancient religion meaningful in an ever-changing world.
  hasideans: The Apocrypha Martin Goodman, John Barton, John Muddiman, 2012-10-11 Newly issued in a series of part volumes, the OBC is now available in an affordable and portable format for the books comprising the Apocrypha. Includes a general introduction to using the Commentary, in addition to an introduction to the study of the Apocrypha.
  hasideans: Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees in Palestinian Society Anthony J. Saldarini, 2001 An authoritative and unrivalled work on these three important groups which played such a vital role in the ministry of Jesus and in Jewish life.
  hasideans: The Westminster Study Bible Westminster John Knox Press, 2024-10-01 The Westminster Study Bible (WSB) is the first entirely new study Bible to utilize the recently released New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition. Soon to be an essential tool for all religious studies contexts, The Westminster Study Bible includes interpretive materials from over eighty leading biblical experts who, as teachers in a variety of educational settings, are sensitive to how the biblical texts have been received, what their cultural and social consequences have been, and how readers might hear them now in multiple contexts. The Westminster Study Bible also pays close attention to the interdisciplinary connections that contemporary students, teachers, and other readers from diverse backgrounds will find both useful and relevant. It is an ideal textbook for a range of biblical studies courses, as well as courses in religion, philosophy, and the general humanities, whether introductory or advanced. The Westminster Study Bible's emphasis on the cultural framing of the Bible's theological, historical, literary, and philosophical elements allows it to be useful beyond the university and seminary classrooms, aiding teachers in religious congregations and organizations with their ministries as well. Reading and engaging the Bible today is not as simple as discovering what it meant in its time in order to determine what it means for all time. All readers—whether students or instructors, clergy or general readers, religious or nonreligious—bring their own perspectives to the interpretation of the Bible. The themes and ideas that matter to twenty-first-century readers tend to resonate with our present situations in some way. The Westminster Study Bible takes this interactive dynamic between historical and contemporary interpretations seriously. Through study notes, thematic excursuses, and a range of illuminating essays, The Westminster Study Bible delves into the ancient contexts of the Bible, its continually evolving interpretations, and its contemporary reading and reception, critically exploring both the worlds of the text and the worlds of its many readers today. Please visit www.wjkbooks.com/WSB for additional information and a more in-depth look at this exciting, new study Bible. General Editors: Emerson B. Powery is Professor of Biblical Studies and Interim Dean of the School of Arts, Culture, and Society at Messiah University Stacy Davis is Professor of Religious Studies and Theology and Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at Saint Mary's College Mary F. Foskett is Wake Forest Kahle Professor of Religious Studies and John Thomas Albritton Fellow at Wake Forest University Brent A. Strawn is D. Moody Smith Distinguished Professor of Old Testament and Professor of Law at Duke University
  hasideans: Library of Congress Subject Headings Library of Congress, Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy, 2005
  hasideans: Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible: First & Second Maccabees John R. Bartlett, 2021-04-13 This extract from the Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible provides Alexander and deSilva’s introduction to and concise commentary on First and Second Maccabees. The Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible presents, in nontechnical language, the best of modern scholarship on each book of the Bible, including the Apocrypha. Reader-friendly commentary complements succinct summaries of each section of the text and will be valuable to scholars, students, and general readers. Rather than attempt a verse-by-verse analysis, these volumes work from larger sense units, highlighting the place of each passage within the overarching biblical story. Commentators focus on the genre of each text—parable, prophetic oracle, legal code, and so on—interpreting within the historical and literary context. The volumes also address major issues within each biblical book—including the range of possible interpretations—and refer readers to the best resources for further discussions.
  hasideans: Scriptures, Sects, and Visions Michael E. Stone, 2007-10-01 This short volume is at once a survey of recent particular discoveries which bid to transform our knowledge of Judaism in the Hellenistic Era, and a synthesis of the history of Judaism . . . The richness and freshness of Professor Stone's understanding of Judaism in the Hellenistic Age stems not only from his mastery of new lore; it arises also from a broad and objective humanistic mind prepared to relinquish cherished but antiquated views and bold to make new constructions. --Frank Moore Cross, Jr. Hancock Professor of Oriental Languages Harvard University This work integrates the important finds of the past thirty years into a fresh picture of Second Temple (Intertestamental) Judaism--its varieties, its contacts with Gnosticism and Hellenism, the ancient roots of its apocalyptic--whose dynamic complexity was never before imagined; a book widely learned yet readily accessible to the common reader. --Moshe Greenberg Professor of Bible Hebrew University of Jerusalem Professor Michael Stone's Scriptures, Sects and Visions is not only an achievement in compactness, but a welcome elucidation of new discoveries and reinterpretations essential to the understanding of postbiblical Judaism and the beginnings of Christianity. --Judah Goldin Professor of Oriental Studies University of Pennsylvania
  hasideans: Israel's Story Dianne Bergant, 2006 In the first volume of this work, Dianne Bergant leads readers in an exploration of the earliest years of Israelite history, from the accounts of creation in Genesis through the divided Kingdom of David. Already drawn into the drama of Israel's beginnings, readers of Israel's Story, Part One will be eager to pick up this second volume and continue the journey. Those who have not read the first volume can easily enter Part Two and save Part One for a later time. From the theological significance of the Davidic monarchy to the prophetic call to covenant faithfulness, from the Babylonian exile to the influence of Greek culture on Jewish thought and practices, from the oral culture to the written word that is now the Old Testament 'Israel's Story, Part Two allows readers to delight in and appreciate more fully both the depth and diversity of our ancestors in faith. Bergant, in these two volumes, stands before readers as the teacher who makes history come alive, in this case helping us discover that Israel's story is our Christian story as well. Includes a glossary and timeline. Dianne Bergant, CSA, PhD, is professor of Old Testament studies at Catholic Theological Union in Chicago. She has published numerous works, including Song of Songs in the Berit Olam series and Preaching the New Lectionary, both published by Liturgical Press.
  hasideans: The Pharisees in Matthew 23 Reconsidered Seng Ja Layang, 2018-07-05 Scholarly and historical challenges to the canon of Scripture have been ongoing since before the Council of Nicea in 325, and they continue to this day. A growing number of Matthean scholars contest the historicity of Matthew 23 and its validity for inclusion in the Gospel narrative. They view Jesus’s condemnation of the Pharisees and the polemical language as a reflection of growing opposition to Judaism within the Matthean community of post-70 CE and therefore regard the chapter as having little historical value. In this detailed historical, cultural and social analysis, Dr Layang Seng Ja defends the contended understanding of this passage and analyses the view that the actions of the Pharisees, and the condemnation they receive in Matthew 23, are consistent with the context of Jesus’s time on earth. Dr Layang also tackles the dating controversy of the Pharisees in this chapter and the chapter’s subsequent authenticity. This book provides an interesting and in-depth study that credits Matthew 23 as historically reliable and authoritative as part of the Word of God, giving a convincing counter-argument to recent critical thought.
  hasideans: The Books of the Maccabees: History, Theology, Ideology Géza Xeravits, Jzsef Zsengell'r, 2007 The volume contains essays on various problems of the early Jewish works: the Books of the Maccabees. Authors include renowned international specialists in the literature and thinking of early Judaism.
  hasideans: Between Evidence and Ideology Bob E.J.H. Becking, Lester Grabbe, 2010-11-11 The essays in this volume deal with the (re)construction of the history of Ancient Israel and how that historywriting is influenced by ideology and informed by the evidence.
  hasideans: Ancient Judaism and Christian Origins George W. E. Nickelsburg, 2003 In the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century, Christian scholars portrayed Judaism as the dark religious backdrop to the liberating events of Jesus' life and the rise of the early church. Since the 1950s, however, a dramatic shift has occurred in the study of Judaism, driven by new manuscript and archaeological discoveries and new methods and tools for analyzing sources. George Nickelsburg here provides a broad and synthesizing picture of the results of the past fifty years of scholarship on early Judaism and Christianity. He organizes his discussion around a number of traditional topics: scripture and tradition, Torah and the righteous life, God's activity on humanity's behalf, agents of God's activity, eschatology, historical circumstances, and social settings. Each of the chapters discusses the findings of contemporary research on early Judaism, and then sketches the implications of this research for a possible reinter-pretation of Christianity. Still, in the author's view, there remains a major Jewish-Christian agenda yet to be developed and implemented.
  hasideans: Journal of Biblical Literature , 1920
  hasideans: Judaism E. P. Sanders, 2016-08-09 In this now-classic work, E. P. Sanders argues against prevailing views regarding the Judaism of the Second Temple period, for example, that the Pharisees dominated Jewish Palestine or that the Mishnah offers a description of general practice. In contrast, Sanders carefully shows that what was important was the common Judaism of the people with their observances of regular practices and the beliefs that informed them. Sanders discusses early rabbinic legal material not as rules, but as debates within the context of real life. He sets Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes in relation to the Judaism of ordinary priests and people. Here then is a remarkably comprehensive presentation of Judaism as a functioning religion: the temple and its routine and festivals; questions of purity, sacrifices, tithes, and taxes; common theology and hopes for the future; and descriptions of the various parties and groups culminating in an examination of the question who ran what? Sanders offers a detailed, clear, and well-argued account of all aspects of Jewish religion of the time.
  hasideans: How the Bible Became Holy Michael L Satlow, 2014-04-15 In this sweeping narrative, Michael Satlow tells the fascinating story of how an ancient collection of obscure Israelite writings became the founding texts of both Judaism and Christianity, considered holy by followers of each faith. Drawing on cutting-edge historical and archeological research, he traces the story of how, when, and why Jews and Christians gradually granted authority to texts that had long lay dormant in a dusty temple archive. The Bible, Satlow maintains, was not the consecrated book it is now until quite late in its history. He describes how elite scribes in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E. began the process that led to the creation of several of our biblical texts. It was not until these were translated into Greek in Egypt in the second century B.C.E., however, that some Jews began to see them as culturally authoritative, comparable to Homer’s works in contemporary Greek society. Then, in the first century B.C.E. in Israel, political machinations resulted in the Sadducees assigning legal power to the writings. We see how the world Jesus was born into was largely biblically illiterate and how he knew very little about the texts upon which his apostles would base his spiritual leadership. Synthesizing an enormous body of scholarly work, Satlow’s groundbreaking study offers provocative new assertions about commonly accepted interpretations of biblical history as well as a unique window into how two of the world’s great faiths came into being.
  hasideans: The Jewish Annotated Apocrypha Jonathan Klawans, Lawrence M. Wills, 2020-09-29 Building on the success of the Jewish Annotated New Testament (JANT) and the Jewish Study Bible (JSB), Oxford University Press now proceeds to complete the trilogy with the Jewish Annotated Apocrypha (JAA). The books of the Apocrypha were virtually all composed by Jewish writers in the Second Temple period. Excluded from the Hebrew Bible, these works were preserved by Christians. Yet no complete, standalone edition of these works has been produced in English with an emphasis on Jewish tradition or with an educated Jewish audience in mind. The JAA meets this need. The JAA differs from prior editions of the Apocrypha in a number of ways. First, as befits a Jewish Annotated Apocrypha, the volume excludes certain texts that are widely agreed to be of Christian origin. Second, it expands the scope of the volume to include Jubilees, an essential text for understanding ancient Judaism, and a book that merits inclusion in the volume by virtue of the fact that it was long considered part of the canon of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (the text is also revered by Ethiopian Jews). Third, it has restructured the order of the books so that the sequencing follows the logic that governs the order of the books in the Jewish canon (Law, History, Prophecy, Wisdom and Poetry). Using the NRSV translation (plus Jubilees), each book of the Apocrypha is annotated by a recognized expert in the study of ancient Judaism. An Introduction by the editors guides readers though the making of the volume and its contents. Thematic essays by an impressive array of scholars provide helpful contexts, backgrounds and elaborations on key themes.
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