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| history optional paper 2016: Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous Years' Solved Papers, Yearwise (2013-2023) Humanities (History, Political Science, Geography, English Core) Class 12 Book (For 2024 Exam) Oswaal Editorial Board, 2023-08-10 Description of the Product: • 100% Updated: with the Latest CBSE Board Paper 2023 • Valuable Exam Insights: with Out-of-Syllabus Questions highlighted • 100% Exam readiness: with Commonly Made Errors and Answering Tips • Concept Clarity: with Topper’s and Board Marking Scheme Answers • Crisp revision: with Mind Maps and Revision Notes |
| history optional paper 2016: Research Handbook on the Theory and History of International Law Alexander Orakhelashvili, 2020-12-25 This updated and revised second edition, with contributions from renowned experts, provides a comprehensive scholarly framework for analyzing the theory and history of international law. Featuring an array of legal and interdisciplinary analyses, it focuses on those theories and developments that illuminate the central and timeless basic concepts and categories of the international legal system, highlighting the interdependency of various aspects of theory and history and demonstrating the connections between theory and practice. |
| history optional paper 2016: Hollywood or History? Lisa K. Pennington, Donna Fortune, Mary E. Tackett, Paige Horst, Meghan A. Kessler, 2024-09-01 Teaching and learning through Hollywood, or commercial, film and television productions is anything but a new approach and has been something of a mainstay in the classroom for nearly a century. However, purposeful and effective instruction through film is not problem-free and there are many challenges that accompany classroom applications of Hollywood motion pictures. In response to the problems and possibilities associated with teaching through film, we are developing a collection of practical, classroom-ready lesson ideas that might bridge gaps between theory and practice and assist teachers endeavoring to make effective use of film in their classrooms. We believe that film can serve as a powerful tool in the social studies classroom and, where appropriately utilized, foster critical thinking and civic mindedness. The NCSS College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) framework, represents a renewed and formalized emphasis on the perennial social studies goals of deep thinking, reading and writing. We believe that as teachers endeavor to digest and implement the platform in schools and classrooms across the country, the desire for access to structured strategies that lead to more active and rigorous investigation in the social studies classroom will grow increasingly acute. Our hope is that this edited book might play a small role in the larger project of supporting practitioners, specifically K-6 teachers of social studies content, by offering a collection of classroom-ready tools based on the Hollywood or History? strategy and designed to foster inquiry through the careful use of selected motion pictures and television productions. |
| history optional paper 2016: Verb and Object Order in the History of English Chiara De Bastiani, 2020-09-18 This study takes up the challenge posed by the reanalysis of Verb-Object order as the basic one in the history of English; the question, which has been debated for over thirty years, is tackled here by combining a qualitative and quantitative investigation with current linguistic theories, shedding new light on the phenomenon. It introduces new evidence in favour of a universal base order, by exploring the syntax of both Old English and Early Middle English and the information structural and prosodic properties of objects. It also considers the philological history of the texts examined, highlighting how this aspect should not be neglected in a diachronic linguistic study. As such, this book provides new data for scholars working in the field of English linguistics, as well as students and linguists interested in language change at the interface between syntax, information structure and prosody. |
| history optional paper 2016: Teaching the Discipline of History in an Age of Standards Jennifer Clark, Adele Nye, 2018-06-08 This book discusses the discipline standards of History in Australian universities in order to help historians understand the Threshold Learning Outcomes and to assist in their practical application. It is divided into two sections: The first offers a scholarly exploration of contemporary issues in history teaching, while the second section discusses each of the Threshold Learning Outcomes and provides real-world examples of quality pedagogical practice. Although the book focuses on the discipline of history in Australia, other subjects and other countries are facing the same dilemmas. As such, it includes chapters that address the international context and bring an international perspective to the engagement with discipline standards. The innovation and leadership of this scholarly community represents a new stage in the transformation and renewal of history teaching. |
| history optional paper 2016: Analysing the History of British Social Welfare Jonathan Parker, 2023-04-28 This book offers insights into the development of social welfare policies by exploring the interconnections between policies and practice throughout history. It challenges tacitly accepted arguments that favour particular approaches to welfare, such as conditionality and eligibility. It provides examples of enduring social assumptions which influence the way we perform social welfare, such as the equivocal position of women in social welfare and the unintended consequences of reforms such as Universal Credit. By identifying continuities in welfare policy, practice and thought, it offers the potential for the development of new thinking, policy making and practice. |
| history optional paper 2016: Studies in the History of Tax Law, Volume 9 Peter Harris, Dominic de Cogan, 2019-09-19 These are the papers from the ninth Cambridge Tax Law History Conference, held in July 2018. In the usual manner, these papers have been selected from an oversupply of proposals for their interest and relevance, and scrutinised and edited to the highest standard for inclusion in this prestigious series. The papers fall within five basic themes. Four papers focus on tax theory: Bentham; social contract and tax governance; Schumpeter's 'thunder of history'; and the resurgence of the benefits theory. Three involve the history of UK specific interpretational issues: management expenses; anti-avoidance jurisprudence; and identification of professionals. A further three concern specific forms of UK tax on road travel, land and capital gains. One paper considers the formation of HMRC and another explains aspects of nineteenth-century taxation by reference to Jane Austen characters. Four consider aspects of international taxation: development of EU corporate tax policy; history of Dutch tax planning; the important 1942 Canada–US tax treaty; and the 1928 UN model tax treaties on tax evasion. Also included are papers on the effects of WWI on New Zealand income tax and development of anti-tax avoidance rules in China. |
| history optional paper 2016: Whose America? Maria Cristina Garcia, Maddalena Marinari, 2023-07-18 A centerpiece of contemporary politics, draconian immigration policies have been long in the making. Maria Cristina Garcia and Maddalena Marinari edit works that examine the post-1980 response of legislation and policy to issues like undocumented immigration, economic shifts, national security, and human rights. Contributors engage with a wide range of ideas, including the effect of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act and other laws on the flow of migrants and forms of entry; the impact of neoliberalism and post-Cold War political realignment; the complexities of policing and border enforcement; and the experiences of immigrant groups in communities across the United States. Up-to-date yet rooted in history, Whose America? provides a sophisticated account of recent immigration policy while mapping the ideological struggle to answer an essential question: which people have the right to make America their home or refuge? Contributors: Leisy Abrego, Carl Bon Tempo, Julio Capó, Jr., Carly Goodman, Julia Rose Kraut, Monique Laney, Carl Lindskoog, Yael Schacher, and Elliott Young |
| history optional paper 2016: Optional-Narrator Theory Sylvie Patron, 2021-02 Twentieth-century narratology fostered the assumption, which distinguishes narratology from previous narrative theories, that all narratives have a narrator. Since the first formulations of this assumption, however, voices have come forward to denounce oversimplifications and dangerous confusions of issues. Optional-Narrator Theory is the first collection of essays to focus exclusively on the narrator from the perspective of optional-narrator theories. Sylvie Patron is a prominent advocate of optional-narrator theories, and her collection boasts essays by many prominent scholars—including Jonathan Culler and John Brenkman—and covers a breadth of genres, from biblical narrative to poetry to comics. This volume bolsters the dialogue among optional-narrator and pan-narrator theorists across multiple fields of research. These essays make a strong intervention in narratology, pushing back against the widespread belief among narrative theorists in general and theorists of the novel in particular that the presence of a fictional narrator is a defining feature of fictional narratives. This topic is an important one for narrative theory and thus also for literary practice. Optional-Narrator Theory advances a range of arguments for dispensing with the narrator, except when it can be said that the author actually “created” a fictional narrator. |
| history optional paper 2016: Oswaal CBSE 10 Years' Solved Papers Class 12 Humanities - English Core | Hindi Core | History | Political Science & Geography Book For 2025 Board Exam Oswaal Editorial Board, 2024-04-19 Description of the Product: • 100 % Updated for 2024-25 with latest CBSE Board paper 2024 • Valuable Exam Insights with Out of syllabus Questions highlighted • 100% Exam Readiness with Toppers & Board Marking Scheme Answers • Concept Clarity with Detailed Answers • Crisp Revision with Mind Maps & Revision Notes |
| history optional paper 2016: Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge 2015 University of Cambridge, 2015-10-08 The official Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge. |
| history optional paper 2016: Shariah Investment Agreement Syed Adam Alhabshi, Abbas Mirakhor, Haji Mohd. Na’im Haji Mokhtar, Syed Othman Alhabshi, 2021-02-08 Risk-sharing investment is currently the buzz word in Islamic finance. However, there is an incongruence in applying multilayered and opaque Tijarah contracts for investment purposes. This has contributed to the divergence between Shariah and Common Law and caused tremendous problems and systemic legal risks to Islamic finance. The authors of Shariah Investment Agreement introduce a legal tool in the form of a Shariah Investment Agreement carefully drafted to ensure that it is Shariah-compliant and can be applied in Common Law jurisdictions as well, so as to allow for the execution of risk-sharing investment in Islamic finance. It details the building blocks and key considerations that must be noted when drafting such agreements so the investor and investee will know what to expect when entering into such a contract. Proper implementation of the Shariah Investment Agreement will pave a clear route to a harmonious convergence between Shariah and Common Law and lead to Islamic finance developing further to become a stronger, unstoppable force in the finance industry. |
| history optional paper 2016: Oswaal CBSE Class 12th 20 Combined Sample Question Papers Humanities Stream (English Core, History, Geography, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology) and 10 Previous Years' Solved Papers Yearwise (2013-2023) (Set of 2 Books) For 2024 Board Exams Oswaal Editorial Board, 2023-11-10 Description of the Product: • Comprehensive Coverage: Covers all Major subjects • Concise & Crisp with Mind Maps & Revision Notes • Curriculum Alignment 4/5 sets of Sample Papers to stimulate exam pattern & format • 100% Updated: with the Latest CBSE Board Paper 2023 • Valuable Exam Insights: with Out-of-Syllabus Questions highlighted • 100% Exam readiness: with Commonly Made Errors and Answering Tips • Concept Clarity: with Topper’s and Board Marking Scheme Answers |
| history optional paper 2016: 30 Years UPSC Prelims Civil Services Exam 2025 | IAS Prelims Topic-wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 (1995-2024) | General Studies & Aptitude (CSAT) MCQs | PYQs Previous Year Questions Bank Guide Team Prabhat, 2024-07-01 Are you aiming to crack the UPSC Civil Services Exam and become an IAS officer? This book can be your one-stop resource for mastering the Prelims stage! Here's why you should consider this book: Comprehensive Coverage: It covers the last 30 years of questions (1995-2024) for General Studies (Paper I) and the last 14 years (2011-2024) for CSAT (Paper II). Up-to-Date and Revised: The book is thoroughly revised and updated to reflect any changes in the exam pattern. Topic-Wise Breakdown: All chapters are organized by topic, making it easy to focus on specific areas. (History, Geography, Polity, Economy, etc.) Precise Explanations: Get clear and accurate explanations for all the solved questions. Essential Information: Includes information on the Civil Services Exam format, exam schemes, tips & strategies, and time management techniques. CSAT Focused: Provides dedicated sections for all CSAT paper topics like comprehension, reasoning, and English language skills. Bonus Material: Get access to a list of past UPSC Mains Essay paper topics and even probable essay topics for 2025. Benefits of using this Book: Understand Exam Pattern: Analyze past questions to understand the nature of questions asked and the weightage given to different topics. Identify Important Topics: Focus your preparation on frequently tested areas and avoid wasting time on irrelevant subjects. Practice & Improve: Solve past questions to test your knowledge, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and improve your problem-solving skills. Develop Exam Strategy: Learn valuable tips and strategies for effective time management and exam success. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone serious about cracking the UPSC Civil Services Prelims. It provides a comprehensive overview of the exam, helps you understand the question pattern, and offers practice questions with explanations. |
| history optional paper 2016: Algorithmic Modernity Morgan G. Ames, Massimo Mazzotti, 2023 Algorithmic Modernity brings together experts in the history of mathematics to create an informed history for readers interested in the social and cultural implications of today's pervasive digital algorithm. |
| history optional paper 2016: Walk Through History Christopher Winn, 2018-03-01 'What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare.' - W.H. Davies Walking around London is one of life's great pleasures. There is a huge amount that you can only see on foot – but sometimes it is hard to know where to look. Luckily, Christopher Winn, bestselling author of I Never Knew That About London, knows where all the hidden treasures are. This book takes the reader on a series of stimulating original walks through different areas of central London, focusing on one particular period of history, the Victorian, so ubiquitous that we take it for granted, and yet so astonishing and so far reaching in its variety, imagination, ambition and detail. Discover... ..the remarkable 300-foot bell tower at the Houses of Parliament you never knew was there.... ..the extraordinary fairytale house in Kensington where the Mikado was inspired... ..the best Victorian loos in the world near Old Street... ..a hidden chapel in Bloomsbury described by Oscar Wilde as 'the most delightful private chapel in London'... ..London's best preserved high class Victorian shop near Tottenham Court Road... ...an almost complete Victorian townscape boasting the world's oldest surviving mansion block... Walk through history and discover the hidden gems of Victorian London! |
| history optional paper 2016: Inquiry-Based Lessons in World History Jana Kirchner, Andrew McMichael, 2021-09-03 Spanning the time period from 15,000 BCE to 1500 CE, Inquiry-Based Lessons in World History (Vol. 1) focuses on creating global connections between people and places using primary sources in standards-based lessons. With sections on early humans, the ancient world, classical antiquity, and the world in transition, this book provides teachers with inquiry-based, ready-to-use lessons that can be adapted to any classroom and that encourage students to take part in the learning process by reading and thinking like historians. Each section contains chapters that correspond to the scope and sequence of most world history textbooks. Each inquiry lesson begins with an essential question and connections to content and literacy standards, followed by primary source excerpts or links to those sources. Lessons include step-by-step directions, incorporate a variety of literacy strategies, and require students to make a hypothesis using evidence from the texts they have read. Grades 7-10 |
| history optional paper 2016: Becoming a History Teacher Ruth Sandwell, Amy von Heyking, 2014-01-01 Becoming a History Teacher is a collection of thoughtful essays by history teachers, historians, and teacher educators on how to prepare student teachers to think historically and to teach historical thinking. |
| history optional paper 2016: Upsc Civil Services Preliminary Exam-2023, 28 Years Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1995–2022 General Studies & Csat Paper-I & Ii Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), 2022-07-13 The presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Services Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise solved Papers of the last 28 years (1995-2022) & CSAT (2011-2022). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper-I & Il. The book has also been incorporated with Information & Instructions for Civil Services Exams; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as precise. Asked questions are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events. In CSAT question papers are categorised such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 31 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions asked in the previous year’s exams. COVERS: « Important Information & Instructions for IAS Exam Plan & Schemes of Examinations (Prelims & Main) New Syllabus for Prelims & Main (GS) Tips & Strategies for Civil Services Exams Preparation Trend Analysis: Cut-off Marks-Year & Category-wise (PT & Main) Trend Analysis: Questions asked —Subject-wise & Year-wise Sources for Prelims & Main Exams Preparation |
| history optional paper 2016: History of Universities: Volume XXXIV/1 Ku-Ming Chang, Alan Rocke, 2021 History of Universities XXXIV/1 contains the customary mix of learned articles which makes this publication an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. This volume offers a global history of research education in the ninteenth and twentieth centuries. |
| history optional paper 2016: The Routledge History of Human Rights Jean Quataert, Lora Wildenthal, 2019-09-05 The Routledge History of Human Rights is an interdisciplinary collection that provides historical and global perspectives on a range of human rights themes of the past 150 years. The volume is made up of 34 original contributions. It opens with the emergence of a new internationalism in the mid-nineteenth century, examines the interwar, League of Nations, and the United Nations eras of human rights and decolonization, and ends with the serious challenges for rights norms, laws, institutions, and multilateral cooperation in the national security world after 9/11. These essays provide a big picture of the strategic, political, and changing nature of human rights work in the past and into the present day, and reveal the contingent nature of historical developments. Highlighting local, national, and non-Western voices and struggles, the volume contributes to overcoming Eurocentric biases that burden human rights histories and studies of international law. It analyzes regions and organizations that are often overlooked. The volume thus offers readers a new and broader perspective on the subject. International in coverage and containing cutting-edge interpretations, the volume provides an overview of major themes and suggestions for future research. This is the perfect book for those interested in social justice, grass roots activism, and international politics and society. |
| history optional paper 2016: The Hague Judgments Convention and Commonwealth Model Law Abubakri Yekini, 2021-08-12 This book undertakes a systematic analysis of the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention 2005, and the 2017 Commonwealth Model Law on recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments from a pragmatic perspective. The book builds on the concept of pragmatism in private international law within the context of recognition and enforcement of judgments. It demonstrates the practical application of legal pragmatism by setting up a toolbox (pragmatic goals and methods) that will assist courts and policymakers in developing an effective and efficient judgments' enforcement scheme at national, bilateral and multilateral levels. Practitioners, national courts, policymakers, academics, students and litigants will benefit from the book's comparative approach using case law from the United Kingdom and other leading Commonwealth States, the United States, and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The book also provides interesting findings from the empirical research on the refusal of recognition and enforcement in the UK and the Commonwealth statutory registration schemes respectively. |
| history optional paper 2016: The Lean PhD Julian Kirchherr, 2018-05-18 This book fundamentally challenges the way in which PhDs are currently pursued. It applies lean methodologies – which have been embraced by start-ups – to the doctoral research process. It explains how to apply techniques such as the minimal viable product (MVP) approach, rapid prototyping and pivoting to each stage, from choosing a topic to seeking feedback, in order to save time, make the process more efficient and demonstrate impact. Chapters are enriched with insights from PhD researchers, practical guidance on going lean and a wealth of empirical data which supports this new approach to postgraduate research. This inspiring text is a must-read for prospective and current PhD students who wish to accelerate their careers in academia and beyond. |
| history optional paper 2016: Upsc Civil Services 29 Years Ias Prelims Gs Paper 1 & Csat Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), 2023-06-17 Dive into the comprehensive guide for UPSC Civil Services aspirants with 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS). This meticulously crafted book offers a treasure trove of knowledge and insights gleaned from nearly three decades of Civil Services examinations, providing invaluable resources for success in the highly competitive UPSC exams. Dr. Manish Rannjan, an esteemed IAS officer, brings his wealth of experience and expertise to bear in this essential resource for aspiring civil servants. Through meticulously curated topic-wise solved papers, aspirants gain a deep understanding of the UPSC exam pattern, question trends, and areas of focus over the past 29 years. Each solved paper is accompanied by detailed explanations and analysis, offering invaluable insights into the thought process behind each question and the best strategies for approaching them. With Dr. Rannjan's guidance, aspirants can navigate the complexities of the UPSC exams with confidence and clarity. Themes of perseverance, dedication, and strategic preparation permeate the pages of this book, reflecting Dr. Rannjan's commitment to helping aspirants achieve their dreams of serving the nation through the Civil Services. Through his comprehensive approach to exam preparation, aspirants gain the tools and knowledge needed to excel in every aspect of the UPSC exams. The overall tone and mood of 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 are imbued with a sense of optimism and determination, as Dr. Rannjan empowers aspirants to overcome challenges and achieve success in their Civil Services journey. With its comprehensive coverage and strategic insights, the book serves as an indispensable companion for UPSC aspirants at every stage of their preparation. Critically acclaimed for its depth of coverage and practical utility, 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 has earned praise from aspirants and educators alike for its effectiveness in preparing for the UPSC exams. Its comprehensive approach and strategic insights make it an essential resource for anyone aspiring to join the prestigious Indian Civil Services. Designed to empower and inspire, 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 is a must-have for anyone serious about cracking the UPSC exams. Whether you're a seasoned aspirant or just beginning your journey, this book offers the tools and guidance needed to succeed in one of the most challenging examinations in the world. So don't miss your chance to access the wealth of knowledge and insights contained within 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023 by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS). Let this book be your trusted companion on the path to Civil Services success, and unlock your full potential as a future leader of India. Secure your copy today and take the first step towards achieving your dreams of serving the nation. |
| history optional paper 2016: Yojana September 2022 (English) (Special Issue) Publications Division, YOJANA is a monthly journal devoted to the socio-economic issues. It started its publication in 1957 with Mr. Khuswant Singh as the Chief Editor. The magazine is now published in 13 languages viz. English, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, Assamese, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Odia. |
| history optional paper 2016: Canadian Clinical Nursing Skills and Techniques E-Book Shelley Cobbett, Anne G. Perry, Patricia A. Potter, Wendy R. Ostendorf, 2019-05-21 - NEW! Fully revised for a Canadian classroom includes Canadian statistics, references and resources, protocols, documentation standards, delegation rules, Canadian nursing best practice guidelines, metric measurements, and more! - NEW! All topics, skills, and sample documentation conform to Canadian provincial and territorial scopes of practice and Canadian standards in nursing practice. - NEW! Inclusion of Canadian concepts Person-Centred Care, Evidence-Informed Practice, Interprofessional Collaboration and Delegation and Care in the Community. - NEW! Greater emphasis on cultural assessment/considerations and caring for Indigenous and vulnerable populations. - NEW! Thoroughly revised chapters reflect Canadian practice and guidelines including Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Management, Palliative Care, Cardiac Care, Vascular Access and Infusion Therapy, Oral Nutrition, and Prevention of Skin Breakdown and Wound Care. - NEW! Enhanced and updated art program includes 70 new figures. |
| history optional paper 2016: Dharma in America Pankaj Jain, 2019-11-18 America now is home to approximately five million Hindus and Jains. Their contribution to the economic and intellectual growth of the country is unquestionable. Dharma in America aims to explore the role of Hindu and Jain Americans in diverse fields such as: education and civic engagements medicine and healthcare music. Providing a concise history of Hindus and Jains in the Americas over the last two centuries, Dharma in America also gives some insights into the ongoing issues and challenges these important ethnic and religious groups face in America today. |
| history optional paper 2016: Ireland's Immortals Mark Williams, 2018-12-04 A sweeping history of Ireland's native gods, from Iron Age cult and medieval saga to the Celtic Revival and contemporary fiction Ireland’s Immortals tells the story of one of the world’s great mythologies. The first account of the gods of Irish myth to take in the whole sweep of Irish literature in both the nation’s languages, the book describes how Ireland’s pagan divinities were transformed into literary characters in the medieval Christian era—and how they were recast again during the Celtic Revival of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A lively narrative of supernatural beings and their fascinating and sometimes bizarre stories, Mark Williams’s comprehensive history traces how these gods—known as the Túatha Dé Danann—have shifted shape across the centuries. We meet the Morrígan, crow goddess of battle; the fire goddess Brigit, who moonlights as a Christian saint; the fairies who inspired J.R.R. Tolkien’s elves; and many others. Ireland’s Immortals illuminates why these mythical beings have loomed so large in the world’s imagination for so long. |
| history optional paper 2016: Handbook on Measurement, Assessment, and Evaluation in Higher Education Charles Secolsky, D. Brian Denison, 2017-07-31 In this valuable resource, well-known scholars present a detailed understanding of contemporary theories and practices in the fields of measurement, assessment, and evaluation, with guidance on how to apply these ideas for the benefit of students and institutions. Bringing together terminology, analytical perspectives, and methodological advances, this second edition facilitates informed decision-making while connecting the latest thinking in these methodological areas with actual practice in higher education. This research handbook provides higher education administrators, student affairs personnel, institutional researchers, and faculty with an integrated volume of theory, method, and application. |
| history optional paper 2016: Rebooting a Nation Joel Burke, 2025-04-03 How did a small post-Soviet state become a digital and e-government powerhouse, producing world-leading tech companies and pioneering policies for remote residency? Three decades after gaining independence from the Soviet Union, Estonia is a nation transformed. Today, the country is known worldwide as a startup hub, boasting billion-dollar companies including Wise, Veriff and Bolt―but even more impressive are Tallinn’s pioneering efforts in e-government. With 99 per cent of government services digitalised and accessible online, citizens can vote via computer, or file their taxes online in minutes; and Estonia’s use of artificial intelligence to enhance and automate its offering to citizens long predates ChatGPT. Drawing on his experience as a former official for the Republic of Estonia, Joel Burke offers unique insight into the country’s rapid rise as a tech and e-government powerhouse since the turn of the century. From the founding of Skype to the future of the e-state, he unveils the tactics and stories behind Estonia’s spectacular journey―after years of Soviet occupation and mismanagement to global tech leadership. For those hoping to learn from Estonia’s incredible journey, Burke offers insights into the government’s use of AI, its creation of a digital society, and its cultivation of a culture driving public-sector creativity and innovation. Rebooting a Nation is an informative and entertaining masterclass in Estonia’s modern history. |
| history optional paper 2016: The Role of Alternatives in Language Sophie Repp, Katharina Spalek, 2021-06-21 |
| history optional paper 2016: Corporate and Global Standardization Initiatives in Contemporary Society Jakobs, Kai, 2018-02-16 In fields as diverse as research and development, governance, and international trade, success depends on effective communication and processes. However, limited research exists on how professionals can utilize procedures and express themselves consistently across disciplines. Corporate and Global Standardization Initiatives in Contemporary Society is a critical scholarly resource that examines standardization in organizations. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as business standards, information technology standards, and mobile communications, this book is geared towards professionals, students, and researchers seeking current research on standardization for diverse settings and applications. |
| history optional paper 2016: Cultural Defences at the International Criminal Court Noelle Higgins, 2017-12-22 Cultural defences, i.e. claims that certain aspects of a defendant’s cultural background should be taken into consideration by courts when adjudicating on their guilt or innocence, have been raised before domestic courts in a variety of jurisdictions. This has been a very sensitive and controversial issue. However, the issue of cultural defences at international tribunals is one that has not yet been fully explored. The main objective of this book is to analyse if the International Criminal Court can, and should, accommodate cultural defences as answers to legal charges, or if the Court should accommodate cultural considerations in other ways. |
| history optional paper 2016: We Have Never Been Woke Musa al-Gharbi, 2024-10-08 How a new “woke” elite uses the language of social justice to gain more power and status—without helping the marginalized and disadvantaged Society has never been more egalitarian—in theory. Prejudice is taboo, and diversity is strongly valued. At the same time, social and economic inequality have exploded. In We Have Never Been Woke, Musa al-Gharbi argues that these trends are closely related, each tied to the rise of a new elite—the symbolic capitalists. In education, media, nonprofits, and beyond, members of this elite work primarily with words, ideas, images, and data, and are very likely to identify as allies of antiracist, feminist, LGBTQ, and other progressive causes. Their dominant ideology is “wokeness” and, while their commitment to equality is sincere, they actively benefit from and perpetuate the inequalities they decry. Indeed, their egalitarian credentials help them gain more power and status, often at the expense of the marginalized and disadvantaged. We Have Never Been Woke details how the language of social justice is increasingly used to justify this elite—and to portray the losers in the knowledge economy as deserving their lot because they think or say the “wrong” things about race, gender, and sexuality. Al-Gharbi’s point is not to accuse symbolic capitalists of hypocrisy or cynicism. Rather, he examines how their genuine beliefs prevent them from recognizing how they contribute to social problems—or how their actions regularly provoke backlash against the social justice causes they champion. A powerful critique, We Have Never Been Woke reveals that only by challenging this elite’s self-serving narratives can we hope to address social and economic inequality effectively. |
| history optional paper 2016: Informal Workers and Collective Action Adrienne E. Eaton, Susan J. Schurman, Martha A. Chen, 2017-04-03 Informal Workers and Collective Action features nine cases of collective action to improve the status and working conditions of informal workers. Adrienne E. Eaton, Susan J. Schurman, and Martha A. Chen set the stage by defining informal work and describing the types of organizations that represent the interests of informal workers and the lessons that may be learned from the examples presented in the book. Cases from a diverse set of countries—Brazil, Cambodia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Georgia, Liberia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Uruguay—focus on two broad types of informal workers: waged workers, including port workers, beer promoters, hospitality and retail workers, domestic workers, low-skilled public sector workers, and construction workers; and self-employed workers, including street vendors, waste recyclers, and minibus drivers.These cases demonstrate that workers and labor organizations around the world are rediscovering the lessons of early labor organizers on how to aggregate individuals' sense of injustice into forms of collective action that achieve a level of power that can yield important changes in their work and lives. Informal Workers and Collective Action makes a strong argument that informal workers, their organizations, and their campaigns represent the leading edge of the most significant change in the global labor movement in more than a century.Contributors Gocha Aleksandria, Georgian Trade Union Confederation Martha A. Chen, Harvard University and WIEGO Sonia Maria Dias, WIEGO and Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Adrienne E. Eaton, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Mary Evans, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Janice Fine, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Mary Goldsmith, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Daniel Hawkins, National Trade Union School of Colombia Elza Jgerenaia, Labor and Employment Policy Department for the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs, Republic of Georgia Stephen J. King, Georgetown University Allison J. Petrozziello, UN Women and the Center for Migration Observation and Social Development Pewee Reed, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Republic of Liberia Sahra Ryklief, International Federation of Workers' Education Associations Susan J. Schurman, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Vera Alice Cardoso Silva, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Milton Weeks, Devin Corporation |
| history optional paper 2016: The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child John Tobin, 2019-03-28 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is the most extensive and widely ratified international human rights treaty. This Commentary offers a comprehensive analysis of each of the substantive provisions in the Convention and its Optional Protocols on Children and Armed Conflict, and the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Pornography. It provides a detailed insight into the drafting history of these instruments, the scope and nature of the rights accorded to children, and the obligations imposed on states to secure the implementation of these rights. In doing so, it draws on the work of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, international, regional, and domestic courts, academic and interdisciplinary scholarly analyses. It is of relevance to anyone working on matters affecting children including government officials, policy makers, judicial officers, lawyers, educators, social workers, health professionals, academics, aid and humanitarian workers, and members of civil society. |
| history optional paper 2016: Mission IAS - Prelim & Main Exam, Trends, How to prepare, Toppers' Interviews, Strategies, Tips & Detailed Syllabus 3rd Edition Disha Experts, 2020-02-04 |
| history optional paper 2016: Morphosyntactic change in Late Modern Swedish Ida Larsson, Erik M. Petzell, 2022-03-16 This volume explores morphosyntactic change in the Late Modern Swedish period from the 18th century and onwards. This period is interesting, for a number of reasons. This is when Swedish is established as a national standard language. New genres emerge, and the written language becomes more generally available to all speakers. We also sometimes find diverging developments in the different North Germanic languages, and some of the much-discussed differences between Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are established during this period. In addition, during the 19th and 20th centuries, the traditional dialects undergo more dramatic changes than ever. Yet, the Late Modern Swedish period has previously received fairly little attention in the syntactic literature. This volume aims to remedy this, with studies that cover several different grammatical domains, including case and verbal syntax, word order and agreement, and grammaticalization in the nominal domain. The study by Cecilia Falk investigates the possibility of promoting an indirect object to subject in a passive, that emerges during the period. A chapter by Fredrik Valdeson studies change in the use of ditransitive verbs, from a constructional perspective. Three chapters are concerned with word order change. The study by Ida Larsson and Björn Lundquist investigates the development of a strict word order in particle constructions. Adrian Sangfelt studies the possibility of having adverbials (and other constituents) between the separate verbal heads in complex VPs in the final stages of the shift from OV to VO order. Erik M. Petzell investigates embedded verb placement and agreement morphology in the Viskadalian dialect, which on the surface seems to contradict the Rich Agreement Hypothesis. Mikael Kalm discusses the emergence of different kinds of adverbial infinitival clauses in the standard written language compared to Övdalian. Finally, the study by Lars-Olof Delsing is concerned with a case of grammaticalization in the nominal domain, specifically the development of the gradable adjectives mycket ‘much’ and lite ‘little’ into quantifiers. |
| history optional paper 2016: Visualising Skyscapes Liz Henty, Daniel Brown, 2019-08-19 Above the land and its horizon lies the celestial sphere, that great dome of the sky which governs light and darkness, critical to life itself, yet its influence is often neglected in the archaeological narrative. Visualising Skyscapes captures a growing interest in the emerging field of skyscape archaeology. This powerful and innovative book returns the sky to its rightful place as a central consideration in archaeological thought and can be regarded as a handbook for further research. Bookended by a foreword by archaeologist Gabriel Cooney and an afterword by astronomer Andrew Newsam, its contents have a wide-reaching relevance for the fields of archaeology, anthropology, ethnography, archaeoastronomy, astronomy, heritage and cultural studies. The volume balances six chapters on theory and methodology which elaborate on the history and practice of the field with six other chapters focused on case studies from around the world. Visualising Skyscapes captures the growing interest in the multidisciplinary study of skyscapes and will be of interest to academics, students and the general public, as well as having international appeal. It is topical, timely and relevant to current debates and will hopefully stimulate further interest in this exciting and relatively new area of investigation. The contributions showcase the work of distinguished academics in the field and the chapters are all enhanced by numerous photographs and images. |
| history optional paper 2016: Upsc Civil Services Preliminary Exam-2021 27 Years Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1995–2021 General Studies & Csat Paper-I & Ii Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), 2021-11-29 9789354881008 | The Presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Service Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise Solved Papers of the last 27 years (1995-2021) & CSAT (2011-2020). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Service Prelims Paper-I & II. The book has also been Incorporated Information & Instructions for Civil Service Exam; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as very precise. Asked question are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events; In CSAT question papers are categories such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 30 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions that has been asked in the previous year’s exams. Recommended by Faculties and Read by UPSC Toppers. UPSC CIVIL SERVICES Preliminary Exam-2021 27 years Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1995–2021 General Studies & CSAT Paper-I & II by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS): This book serves as a valuable resource for candidates preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination, offering topic-wise solved papers from 1995 to 2021 for General Studies and CSAT Paper-I & II. Authored by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), it provides insights and solutions to aid aspirants in their exam preparation. Key Aspects of the Book UPSC CIVIL SERVICES Preliminary Exam-2021 27 years Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1995–2021 General Studies & CSAT Paper-I & II by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS): UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam Preparation: The book is tailored to assist candidates in preparing effectively for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination, covering General Studies and CSAT Paper-I & II. Topic-Wise Solved Papers: It provides topic-wise solved papers from 1995 to 2021, allowing aspirants to review and understand the exam pattern and solutions. Expert Insights: Authored by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), the book offers expert insights and solutions to help aspirants excel in the examination. Authored by Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS), this book is a comprehensive resource for UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Exam aspirants, providing topic-wise solved papers and expert guidance for General Studies and CSAT Paper-I & II. |
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