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| hamza alavi: Capitalism and Colonial Production Hamza Alavi, P.L. Burns, G.R. Knight, P.B. Mayer, Doug McEachern, 2023-05-03 Capitalism and Colonial Production (1982) examines the ways in which capitalism has transformed the societies it came to dominate, and the link between colonialism and capitalism. These essays confront the complex of issues, using as material the various countries in Asia. They advance the debate by reconsidering the problems involved by identifying pre-colonial modes of production and by analysing the precise details of the changes wrought by colonial domination. They argue that capitalism does not in these countries co-exist side-by-side with feudalism, but that colonialism has created distinctive forms of capitalism depending for their character on pre-colonial modes of production. |
| hamza alavi: Introduction to the Sociology of "developing Societies" Hamza Alavi, 1983 |
| hamza alavi: The Crisis of India Ronald Segal, 1965 |
| hamza alavi: State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan Fred Halliday, Hamza Alavi, 1988 |
| hamza alavi: Politics of Identity Adeel Khan, 2005-01-06 `Excellent and compelling' - Partha Chatterjee, University of Columbia `A provocative, passionate and stimulating new interpretation of ethnic nationalism' - Dipesh Chakrabarty, University of Chicago `A significant study that informs us of the politics and group interests in one of the most volatile regions of the world' - Stephen Castles, Oxford University `Very interesting intellectual and political ideas - refreshing' - Gyan Pandey, Johns Hopkins University `An informed and lucid work that demystifies the politics of nationalism' - Howard Brasted, University of New England A major challenge Pakistan has been confronted with since it came into existence is the self-assertion of various ethnic groups, which have actively contested the legitimacy of the state structure. However, despite the seriousness of this ethnic challenge, there exists no detailed study of these movements, Politics of Identity fills this vacuum. Ethnic nationalism, the author argues, is a political issue and is essentially a struggle for power between dominant and non-dominant groups. Highlighting the role the state plays in the lives of individuals, the book: - studies both the pre-colonial and colonial state system in India and the changes it effected until India's independence and the creation of Pakistan; - assesses the state in Pakistan and explains its role in giving rise to ethnic discontent; - studies four ethnic movements - Pukhtun, Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir - demonstrating how their proximity to or distance from state power have influenced their politics. |
| hamza alavi: The Pakistan Paradox Christophe Jaffrelot, 2016-06-16 The idea of Pakistan stands riddled with tensions. Initiated by a small group of select Urdu-speaking Muslims who envisioned a unified Islamic state, today Pakistan suffers the divisive forces of various separatist movements and religious fundamentalism. A small entrenched elite continue to dominate the country’s corridors of power, and democratic forces and legal institutions remain weak. But despite these seemingly insurmountable problems, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan continues to endure. The Pakistan Paradox is the definitive history of democracy in Pakistan, and its survival despite ethnic strife, Islamism and deepseated elitism. This edition focuses on three kinds of tensions that are as old as Pakistan itself. The tension between the unitary definition of the nation inherited from Jinnah and centrifugal ethnic forces; between civilians and army officers who are not always in favour of or against democracy; and between the Islamists and those who define Islam only as a cultural identity marker. |
| hamza alavi: The Post-Colonial State in the Era of Capitalist Globalization Tariq Amin-Khan, 2012-03-12 State formation in post-colonial societies differed greatly from the formation of the Western capitalist state. The latter has been extensively studied, while a coherent grasp of the post-colonial state has remained elusive. Amin-Khan provides a critical historical and contemporary understanding of post-colonial state formations in Asia and Africa, and suggests how this process differed from the formation of states in Latin America. In distinguishing between the post-colonial state and the Western capitalist state, the author argues that the unitary colonial state left a strong legacy on the decolonized states of Asia and Africa, reinscribing their subordination vis-à-vis Western states, transnational corporations and multilateral institutions. The indigenous elites' decision at the time of decolonization to retain colonial state structures meant the readaptation of capitalism-imperialism nexus to suit new post-colonial realities, which enabled the formation of clientelist relationships. This post-colonial reality and exploration of the contemporary context provides the basis of analyzing two post-colonial state forms, the capitalist and proto-capitalist varieties, which are examined using the case studies of India and Pakistan. |
| hamza alavi: Democracy in Pakistan Kalim Bahadur, 1998 |
| hamza alavi: Continuity and Change S. Akbar Zaidi, 2003 |
| hamza alavi: The Army and Democracy Aqil Shah, 2014-04-29 In sharp contrast to neighboring India, the Muslim nation of Pakistan has been ruled by its military for over three decades. The Army and Democracy identifies steps for reforming Pakistan’s armed forces and reducing its interference in politics, and sees lessons for fragile democracies striving to bring the military under civilian control. |
| hamza alavi: Restructuring Development Theories and Policies M. Shamsul Haque, 1999-09-09 Explains and critiques current theories of political development. |
| hamza alavi: The Political Economy of State in India Ashutosh Kumar, |
| hamza alavi: Perspectives on Modern South Asia Kamala Visweswaran, 2011-05-06 Perspectives on Modern South Asia presents an exciting core collection of essays drawn from anthropology, literary and cultural studies, history, sociology, economics, and political science to reveal the complexities of a region that is home to a fifth of humanity. Presents an interdisciplinary overview of the origins and development of the eight nations comprising modern South Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka Explores South Asia’s common cultures, languages and religions and their relationship to its ethnic and national differences Features essays that provide understandings of the central dynamics of South Asia as an important cultural, political, and economic region of the world |
| hamza alavi: Democracy and Authoritarianism in Indonesia and Malaysia S. Alatas, 1997-10-29 The fact that the Malaysian state has managed to maintain a relatively democratic regime, while an authoritarian regime came to power in Indonesia has never been the focus of historical and comparative analyses despite certain cultural, social, and historical affinities between these two countries. This book takes a look at contrasting class structures and alliances, elite cohesion, state strength, as well as differences in political challenges to the state in order to understand two different paths to post-colonial state formation. |
| hamza alavi: CURRICULUM REFORM IN PAKISTAN Amna Afreen, 2022-02-25 I have written this book in an effort to explore how the history of Pakistan has resulted in the critical problems weighing down its education system. The book examines the questions: Why and how has a small elite class come to rule Pakistan? And how has their rule worsened the country’s problems? The focus will be to critically examine the elements of the Pakistani national curriculum and madrasas and their effects on Pakistani society. The book represents the fusion of my experiences in Pakistan with extensive literature analysis, interviews, and textbook analysis. This research began when I came to the United States in January 2015 through the SAR program. I wanted to know the answers to profoundly unsettling questions. How can a society be so intolerant that a scholar educated solely in Pakistan is disregarded and assassinated while many Western-educated scholars with traditional insular thoughts are not only appreciated but flourishing? I wanted to know why Pakistani elites have so much power and freedom while lower classes are profoundly oppressed. Elites who barely pay taxes have been in power for generations while those that pay taxes suffer from sky-high inflation. The influential religious leaders mostly belong to the elite class while their followers are mostly lower class. Ruling families and social classes mostly control appointed positions. Do those in power not have a responsibility to speak on issues of social justice rather than limiting themselves in claiming that theirs is the only true form of Islam? Why don’t they work to end the disparity of quality education between classes in Pakistan? Instead, many elites run their own lucrative elite Islamic schools. More importantly, why do the ulama (which literally means “those who possess knowledge [ilm], particularly of Islam”) maintain a tight hierarchical system in the madrasa (Islamic seminary) community that rarely allows poor intelligent students to attain leadership positions? Why are the ulama silent in the face of ruthless murder of and discrimination against Pakistani minorities? Book Review: Pakistan Educational Reforms is a major study of education in Pakistan and its national and madrasa curriculum that fosters national and religious sectarian divisions, intolerance and conflicts. Dr. Amna Afreen documents the political, socio-economic and religious causes-limited government funding, widespread poverty and illiteracy and the poor training and performance of teachers- that have produced a failed educational system at urban and rural government and religious schools (madrasa) and offers a series of potential solutions and reforms. -- John L. Esposito, University Professor and Founding Director of The Alwaleed Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University. |
| hamza alavi: Colonial Land Tax and Property Rights Thangellapali Vijay Kumar, 2018-05-24 This volume analyses the importance of property rights on land which were transformed by the British in the form of colonial land revenue system in Andhra region of Madras Presidency. It initiates a discussion of the traditional production systems like irrigation, agricultural methods, etc., which were replaced by the colonial ones. It further shows how the small peasantry suffered under the new system. This book also deals with the relations between the colonial state, rich peasants, zamindars and peasants under the ryotwary and zamindary settlements, which were introduced at the beginning of the nineteenth century. It further examines how the peasantry lost their rights on lands and how it went under the control of merchants and rich peasant moneylenders. Consequently, de-peasantization, wage labour, and general agrarian impoverishment followed. The colonial legal system favoured zamindars, landlords and rich peasants against small peasants, who could not go to colonial courts due to heavy legal costs. The volume analyses in minute detail various Acts, which affected the property rights of peasants on their lands. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. |
| hamza alavi: National Security, Good Governance & Democracy in Africa Dr. Dan Mou, 2016-01-29 This book demonstrates that national security and good governance are opposite sides of the same coin. As good governance improves, national security also improves, in that challenges to national security become lesser and lesser in such a society. It concludes that for most of Africa, this is not happening fast enough. Thus, creating fertile grounds for their citizens, especially the youths, to resort to self-help measures, some of which include violence and militancy. These have further complicated the issues of national security, good governance and democracy in Africa. Praise for the Book This book is a must read. Dr. Dan Mou, a world-class trained political scientist, who has served at various ministries and parastatals in Nigeria before retirement, has made stunning revelations. Lead Times Africa Magazine. Dr. Dan Mou, a varsity don and seasoned civil servant, (who) spent over two decades working in Nigerias Presidency, provides deep insights in this book, into the intractable security situation in Nigeria and Africa. He also x-rays economic policies, among other issues. Daily Trust. Having successfully designed and masterminded many workable national schemes in the past in Nigeria, like the memoranda that led to the establishment of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission(EFCC), Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs, Amnesty Programme for the Niger Delta Region, to mention just a few, Dr. Dan Mou, in this book, has (proposed) permanent solutions it is no fallacy to say that no one else could have done it better. Dr. O. W. Bashorun, Provost, College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria. |
| hamza alavi: State and Nation-Building in Pakistan Roger D. Long, Gurharpal Singh, Yunas Samad, Ian Talbot, 2015-10-08 Religion, violence, and ethnicity are all intertwined in the history of Pakistan. The entrenchment of landed interests, operationalized through violence, ethnic identity, and power through successive regimes has created a system of ‘authoritarian clientalism.’ This book offers comparative, historicist, and multidisciplinary views on the role of identity politics in the development of Pakistan. Bringing together perspectives on the dynamics of state-building, the book provides insights into contemporary processes of national contestation which are crucially affected by their treatment in the world media, and by the reactions they elicit within an increasingly globalised polity. It investigates the resilience of landed elites to political and social change, and, in the years after partition, looks at the impact on land holdings of population transfer. It goes on to discuss religious identities and their role in both the construction of national identity and in the development of sectarianism. The book highlights how ethnicity and identity politics are an enduring marker in Pakistani politics, and why they are increasingly powerful and influential. An insightful collection on a range of perspectives on the dynamics of identity politics and the nation-state, this book on Pakistan will be a useful contribution to South Asian Politics, South Asian History, and Islamic Studies. |
| hamza alavi: India's 2004 Elections Ramashray Roy, Paul Wallace, 2007 Building on their insightful work on India's 1998 and 1999 parliamentary elections, distinguished scholars Ramashray Roy and Paul Wallace's current book focuses on the landmark elections of 2004. Thematically divided into two sections, the book focuses on:- the national, theoretical and comparative perspectives on participation of women in the electoral process, caste dynamics, religion and nationalism, as well as federalism and factionalism. - state-specific studies of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Meghalaya, Orissa and West Bengal. - tribal politics, at a time when the politicisation of ethnic identities is being increasingly felt in various parts of India.Bringing together contributors from India and abroad, this volume adds to the body of work on electoral politics and social change in India, and will be of interest to students and teachers of political science, journalists, as well as the informed, general reader. |
| hamza alavi: Political Conflict in Pakistan Mohammad Waseem, 2022-04-01 This book is a major reinterpretation of politics in Pakistan. Its focus is conflict among groups, communities, classes, ideologies and institutions, which has shaped the country's political dynamics. Mohammad Waseem critically examines the theory surrounding the millennium-long conflict between Hindus and Muslims as separate nations who practiced mingled faiths, and the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh renaissances that created a twentieth-century clash of communities and led to partition. Political Conflict in Pakistan addresses multiple clashes: between the high culture as a mission to transform society, and the low culture of the land and the people; between those committed to the establishment's institutional constitutional framework and those seeking to dismantle the colonial state; between the corrupt and those seeking to hold them to account; between the political class and the middle class; and between civil and military power. The author exposes how the ruling elite centralised power through the militarisation and judicialization of politics, rendering the federalist arrangement an empty shell and thus grossly alienating the provinces. He sets all this within the contexts of education and media as breeders of conflict, the difficulties of establishing an anti-terrorist regime, and the state's pragmatic attempts at conflict resolution by seeking to keep the outsiders inside. This is a wide-ranging account of a country of contestations. |
| hamza alavi: Understanding Pakistan Mathew Joseph C., 2016-09-13 This book is the outcome of a national seminar for research scholars on Pakistan organized by the Centre for Pakistan Studies at the MMAJ Academy of International Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. The aim of the seminar was to explore how young minds in India view Pakistan, the quintessential ‘enemy’ country. The range of topics included issues related to Pakistan’s politics, economy, popular culture, education, environment, sectarian divide, minorities, policy towards Jammu & Kashmir and foreign relations. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka |
| hamza alavi: The Genesis of Baloch Nationalism Salman Rafi Sheikh, 2018-04-27 This book explores the ideological, political and military interventions of the state of Pakistan in Balochistan and traces the genesis of today’s secessionist movement. It delves into the historical question of Balochistan’s integration into Pakistan in 1947 and brings out the true political and militant character of the movement during the first three decades (1947–77) of Pakistan’s existence as a nation-state. It shows how the Baloch, as well as other minority groups, were denied the right to identify themselves as a sub-national/ethnic group in the new nation-state, compounded by a systematic exclusion from decision-making circles and structures of political and economic power. The volume also traces political resistance from within Balochistan and its subsequent suppression by military operations, leading to a widespread militant insurgency in the present day. Drawing on hitherto unexplored sources, this book will be indispensable to scholars and researchers of South Asian history, politics, international relations and area studies. |
| hamza alavi: Marxist Thought in South Asia Kristin Plys, Priyansh, Kanishka Goonewardena, 2023-12-11 Forging an anti-imperialist Marxism through dialectical and historical approaches, this volume of Political Power and Social Theory demonstrates how the South Asian facet of this revolutionary tradition can contribute to and even reenergize global Marxist theory. |
| hamza alavi: State and Society in Contemporary Korea Hagen Koo, 2018-07-05 No detailed description available for State and Society in Contemporary Korea. |
| hamza alavi: Agrarian Radicalism in South India Marshall M. Bouton, 2014-07-14 The author finds that agrarian radicalism develops most readily in a way analogous to industrial class struggle: through the economic clash of homogeneous and polarized groups within the agrarian sector. Originally published in 1985. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| hamza alavi: Peasants in India's Non-Violent Revolution Mridula Mukherjee, 2004-09-22 In part one of this volume, the political world of the peasants of Punjab is reconstructed, capturing their struggles at a national level, as well as at an individual one. Part Two makes important interventions in the theoretical debates regarding the role of peasants in revolutionary transformation in the modern world. The author argues that the association of revolution with large-scale violence has resulted in the refusal to recognize the non-violent, yet revolutionary political practice of peasants in the Indian National Movement. |
| hamza alavi: The Oxford Handbook of Caste , 2023-10-31 Beginning with the 1990s, the subject of caste has seen a profound increase in interest among scholars. What was until then approached as a fossilized tradition of the ritual-obsessed Hindus refusing to see the progressive spirits of the emerging world and studied as a branch of anthropology, suddenly began to be seen as a complex reality deeply embedded in a range of institutions and social practices, attracting scholars from a wide range of disciplines--sociology, political science, history, literature, and even economics. Underlying this opening of the subject of caste were many factors: epistemic, empirical, and political. Caste is no longer approached through the classical binaries of 'traditional' and 'modern'; the 'East' and the 'West'; or the 'closed' and 'open' systems of stratification. With the growing consolidation of caste-based identities among those ranked lower down in the hierarchy since the 1990s, raising questions of citizenship and dignity, the subject has acquired a new salience. As the emerging research shows, the realities of caste on the ground have always been diverse across regions, often contested and ever changing. This Handbook presents a wide range of essays written by authors representing diverse academic disciplines and perspectives, bringing together the emerging trends in the research, imaginations, and lived realities of caste. |
| hamza alavi: Call Me Woman Ellen Kuzwayo, 2018-08-28 Like millions of black South Africans made strangers in the land of their birth, Ellen Kuzwayo lost a great deal in her lifetime: the farm in the Orange Free State that had belonged to her family for nearly a hundred years; her hopes for a full and peaceful life for her children; and even her freedom, when, at the age of 63, she found herself detained under the so-called Terrorism Act for an offence never specified. But she never lost her courage. This remarkable autobiography refuses to focus only on the author, for it draws on the unrecorded history of a whole people. In telling her own personal and political story over 70 years. Ellen Kuzwayo speaks for, and with, the women among whom she worked and lived. Their courage and dignity remain a source of wonder and inspiration. |
| hamza alavi: Making of an African Giant Dan Mou, 2015-10-16 The performance of Nigeria has recently been vehemently criticized as not commensurate with her human and material potentialities. The hope that Nigeria is, by destiny, the African Giant appears to be fading. Some analysts, seeing this, have blamed it on the character defects of the leadership in Nigeria. They argue that because the leaders are predatory and corrupt, they have preoccupied themselves with their interests, which are primitive accumulation and luxurious lifestyles. Meanwhile, the rest of the citizens are suffering. This book argues that such character defects may indeed exist in some of Nigerian leaders. However, these are not the main reasons for their dismal performance regarding the welfare of the citizens. The main problem is that Nigerian leaders seem to have largely lost control over the state and its policies, which appear to have been captured by the dominant classes and groupslocal and international. Nigerias main problem is, therefore, a structural one. Nonetheless, the book concludesas the security, economic, political, and social crises intensifyNigerian leaders, even if it is simply for self-preservation, will be forced by the objective conditions to move against the interests of these dominant classes and groups. It is only then that Nigeria can realistically be restored to the possibility of becoming an African Giant. |
| hamza alavi: The State and Poverty in India Atul Kohli, 1989-03-31 In The State and Poverty in India the author argues cogently that well-organised, left-of-centre parties in government are the most effective in implementing reform. |
| hamza alavi: The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War Richard H. Immerman, Petra Goedde, 2013-01-31 The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War offers a broad reassessment of the period war based on new conceptual frameworks developed in the field of international history. Nearing the 25th anniversary of its end, the cold war now emerges as a distinct period in twentieth-century history, yet one which should be evaluated within the broader context of global political, economic, social, and cultural developments. The editors have brought together leading scholars in cold war history to offer a new assessment of the state of the field and identify fundamental questions for future research. The individual chapters in this volume evaluate both the extent and the limits of the cold war's reach in world history. They call into question orthodox ways of ordering the chronology of the cold war and also present new insights into the global dimension of the conflict. Even though each essay offers a unique perspective, together they show the interconnectedness between cold war and national and transnational developments, including long-standing conflicts that preceded the cold war and persisted after its end, or global transformations in areas such as human rights or economic and cultural globalization. Because of its broad mandate, the volume is structured not along conventional chronological lines, but thematically, offering essays on conceptual frameworks, regional perspectives, cold war instruments and cold war challenges. The result is a rich and diverse accounting of the ways in which the cold war should be positioned within the broader context of world history. |
| hamza alavi: Economy and Culture in Pakistan Hastings Donnan, 1991-06-18 An examination of the economic and cultural implications of the massive national and international movements of ordinary people in a single Muslim society - Pakistan. Topics covered range from nationhood and nationalities to migration, death and martrydom in rural Pakistan. |
| hamza alavi: Un/common Cultures Kamala Visweswaran, 2010-07-19 In Un/common Cultures, Kamala Visweswaran develops an incisive critique of the idea of culture at the heart of anthropology, describing how it lends itself to culturalist assumptions. She holds that the new culturalism—the idea that cultural differences are definitive, and thus divisive—produces a view of “uncommon cultures” defined by relations of conflict rather than forms of collaboration. The essays in Un/common Cultures straddle the line between an analysis of how racism works to form the idea of “uncommon cultures” and a reaffirmation of the possibilities of “common cultures,” those that enact new forms of solidarity in seeking common cause. Such “cultures in common” or “cultures of the common” also produce new intellectual formations that demand different analytic frames for understanding their emergence. By tracking the emergence and circulation of the culture concept in American anthropology and Indian and French sociology, Visweswaran offers an alternative to strictly disciplinary histories. She uses critical race theory to locate the intersection between ethnic/diaspora studies and area studies as a generative site for addressing the formation of culturalist discourses. In so doing, she interprets the work of social scientists and intellectuals such as Elsie Clews Parsons, Alice Fletcher, Franz Boas, Louis Dumont, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Clifford Geertz, W. E. B. Du Bois, and B. R. Ambedkar. |
| hamza alavi: The Migration Process Pnina Werbner, 2020-06-24 This study, which breaks new ground in urban research, is a comprehensive and definitive account of one of the many communities of South Asians to emerge throughout the Western industrial world since the Second World War - the British Pakistanis in Manchester. This book examines the cultural dimensions of immigrant entrepreneurship and the formation of an ethnic enclave community, and explores the structure and theory of urban ritual and its place within the immigrant gift economy. |
| hamza alavi: Migrants and Militants Oskar Verkaaik, 2018-06-05 Being part of a violent community in revolt can be addictive--it can be fun. This book offers a fascinating inside look at present-day political violence in Pakistan through a historical ethnography of the Muhajir Qaumi Movement (MQM), one of the most remarkable and successful religious nationalist movements in postcolonial South Asia. The MQM has mobilized much of the migrant (Muhajir) population in Karachi and other urban centers in southern Pakistan and has fomented large-scale ethnic-religious violence. Oskar Verkaaik argues that urban youth see it as an irresistible opportunity for fun. Drawing on both anthropological fieldwork, including participatory observation among political militants, and historical analyses of state formation, nation-building, and the ethnicization of Islam since 1947, he provides an absorbing and important contribution to theoretical debates about political--religious and nationalist--violence. Migrants and Militants brings together two perspectives on political violence. Recent studies on ethnic cleansing, genocide, terrorism, and religious violence have emphasized processes of identification and purification. Verkaaik combines these insights with a focus on urban youth culture, in which masculinity, physicality, and the performance of violence are key values. He shows that only through fun and absurdity can a nascent movement transgress the dominant discourse to come of its own. Using these observations, he considers violence as a ludic practice, violence as martyrdom and sacrifice, and violence as terrorism and resistance. |
| hamza alavi: Muslims against the Muslim League Ali Usman Qasmi, Megan Eaton Robb, 2017-09-15 Discusses the dynamics of the Indian freedom movement during the 1940s from the perspective of those Muslim leaders and political parties who opposed the idea of a separate state for South Asian Muslims, or whose primary engagement with Muslim League activities treated separatism as marginal to their political agenda--Provided by publisher. |
| hamza alavi: The Politics of Hunger John W. Warnock, 2019-07-19 Originally published in 1987. This important and provocative book explains the persistence of hunger, poverty, and the lack of balanced development in many countries and the central role of agriculture in economic development. Most theories of agricultural development are based on the experiences of western Europe and the United States while the two models for successful late development have been Japan and the Soviet Union. This book surveys the evolution of agriculture under colonialism in Latin America, Africa, and Asia and concludes that this long period distorted the development prospects for these areas and retarded the production of food. Under strong state capitalist governments, a few underdeveloped countries have broken the colonial patterns of development. However, other post-revolutionary societies are having far less success because of economic blockades and outside military intervention. While the primary focus of the book is on the short-run problems of inequality, the author examines the long-run ecological and resource constraints to a sustainable food system and raising the standard of living in the underdeveloped world. |
| hamza alavi: A Radical Green Political Theory Alan B. Carter, 1999 This volume is the first systematic, comprehensive and cogent environmental political philosophy. It will be of enormous value to all those with an interest in the environment, political theory, and moral and political philosophy. |
| hamza alavi: New Perspectives on Pakistan's Political Economy Matthew McCartney, S. Akbar Zaidi, 2019-09-19 This volume makes a major intervention in the debates around the nature of the political economy of Pakistan, focusing on its contemporary social dynamics. This is the first comprehensive academic analysis of Pakistan's political economy after thirty-five years, and addresses issues of state, class and society, examining gender, the middle classes, the media, the bazaar economy, urban spaces and the new elite. The book goes beyond the contemporary obsession with terrorism and extremism, political Islam, and simple 'civilian–military relations', and looks at modern-day Pakistan through the lens of varied academic disciplines. It not only brings together new work by some emerging scholars but also formulates a new political economy for the country, reflecting the contemporary reality and diversification in the social sciences in Pakistan. The chapters dynamically and dialectically capture emergent processes and trends in framing Pakistan's political economy and invite scholars to engage with and move beyond these concerns and issues. |
| hamza alavi: Colonialism in Sri Lanka Asoka Bandarage, 2019-05-20 |
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The hamza (Arabic: هَمْزَة hamza) ( ء ) is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other …
Hamza (name) - Wikipedia
Hamza (also spelled as Hamzah, Hamsah, Hamzeh, Humza, Khamzat or Hamëz; Arabic: حَمْزَة, romanized: Ḥamzah) is an Arabic masculine given name in the Muslim world. It …
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Hamza Al-Farissi (Arabic: حمزة الفارسي, romanized: Ḥamza al-Fārsī; French: [amza al faʁisi]; born 1 August 1994), better known by the mononym Hamza, is a Moroccan-Belgium rapper, singer …
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Hamza - Wikipedia
The hamza (Arabic: هَمْزَة hamza) ( ء ) is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other …
Hamza (name) - Wikipedia
Hamza (also spelled as Hamzah, Hamsah, Hamzeh, Humza, Khamzat or Hamëz; Arabic: حَمْزَة, romanized: Ḥamzah) is an Arabic masculine given name in the Muslim world. It means lion, …
Hamza (rapper) - Wikipedia
Hamza Al-Farissi (Arabic: حمزة الفارسي, romanized: Ḥamza al-Fārsī; French: [amza al faʁisi]; born 1 August 1994), better known by the mononym Hamza, is a Moroccan-Belgium rapper, singer and …
Writing and Pronouncing the Hamza (ء): A Guide for the ...
Learn when to write the hamza "on the line" (ء), when to write it on one of its three "seats" (ئ ,ؤ ,أ), when not to write it, and when not to pronounce it.
Hamza Ahmed Wiki, Biography, Age, Spouse, Height, Net Worth ...
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