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| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Undiscovered Thesis-antithesis-synthesis Dialectics Leonard F. Wheat, 2012 An original and thoroughly researched interpretation of Hegels contribution to philosophy. For over fifty years, Hegel interpreters have rejected the former belief that Hegel used thesis-antithesis-synthesis dialectics. In this incisive analysis of Hegels philosophy, Leonard F. Wheat shows that the modern interpretation is false. Wheat also shows that Marx and Tillich, who subtly used Hegelian dialectics in their own works, are the only authors who have understood Hegelian dialectics. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Grand Synthesis Daniel Berthold-Bond, 1989-07-03 This book offers the first genuinely systematic treatment of Hegels eschatology in the literature. It is an investigation into Hegels project to demonstrate the ultimate unity of thought and being (consciousness and reality, self and world). The author traces the project through Hegels epistemology, metaphysics, and philosophy of history. The grand synthesis creates a basic tension, an ambivalence, that reaches its most acute formulation in Hegels eschatological language of a final completion or fulfillment of history. This conflicts with his dialectic and Heracletian metaphysics of becoming. Berthold-Bond concludes that a substantially new approach to Hegels eschatology is needed. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Studies in the Hegelian Dialectic John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart, 1896 |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: A Theory of the Origin and Evolution of Man Based on Hegel’s Philosophy Sergey Peruanskiy, 2020-03-30 This volume provides a scientific justification for the optimal formula of social justice through a critical analysis of the basic principles of Marxism. While interest in Marxism is particularly prevalent in China today, the theory developed here concerning the origins and evolution of man will be of interest to everyone, and will help to contextualise questions of social justice within a scientific framework. By providing a new interpretation of Hegelian thought, alongside a synthesis of the thinking of Darwin and Marx, the book details a law of the development of society, using notable events from world history, particularly the collapse of the USSR, to verify it. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Theory of Intelligibility Rocío Zambrana, 2015-11-20 Hegel’s Theory of Intelligibility picks up on recent revisionist readings of Hegel to offer a productive new interpretation of his notoriously difficult work, the Science of Logic. Rocío Zambrana transforms the revisionist tradition by distilling the theory of normativity that Hegel elaborates in the Science of Logic within the context of his signature treatment of negativity, unveiling how both features of his system of thought operate on his theory of intelligibility. Zambrana clarifies crucial features of Hegel’s theory of normativity previously thought to be absent from the argument of the Science of Logic—what she calls normative precariousness and normative ambivalence. She shows that Hegel’s theory of determinacy views intelligibility as both precarious, the result of practices and institutions that gain and lose authority throughout history, and ambivalent, accommodating opposite meanings and valences even when enjoying normative authority. In this way, Zambrana shows that the Science of Logic provides the philosophical justification for the necessary historicity of intelligibility. Intervening in several recent developments in the study of Kant, Hegel, and German Idealism more broadly, this book provides a productive new understanding of the value of Hegel’s systematic ambitions. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Reading Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 2008 This book incorporates seven 'Introductions' that Hegel wrote for each of his major works: the Phenomenology, Logic, Philosophy of Right, History, Fine Art, Religion and History of Philosophy, and includes an Introduction and Epilogue by the Editors, serving to introduce Hegel to the reader and to situate him and his works into their wider context. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Phenomenology of Spirit Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1998 wide criticism both from Western and Eastern scholars. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Ethics of Democracy Lucio Cortella, 2015-09-08 The legal regulations and formal rules of democracy alone are not enough to hold a society together and govern its processes. Yet the irreducible ethical pluralism that characterizes contemporary society seems to make it impossible to impose a single system of values as a source of social cohesion and identity reference. In this book, Lucio Cortella argues that Hegel's theory of ethical life can provide such a grounding and makes the case through an analysis of Hegel's central political work, the Philosophy of Right. Although Hegel did not support democratic political ends and wrote in a historical and cultural context far removed from the current liberal-democratic scene, Cortella maintains that the Hegelian theory of ethical life, with its emphasis on securing a framework conducive to human freedom, nevertheless offers a convincing response to the problem of the ethical uprootedness of contemporary democracy. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel on Political Identity Lydia L. Moland, 2012-01-31 In Hegel on Political Identity, Lydia Moland provocatively draws on Hegel's political philosophy to engage sometimes contentious contemporary issues such as patriotism, national identity, and cosmopolitanism. Moland argues that patriotism for Hegel indicates an attitude toward the state, whereas national identity is a response to culture. The two combine, Hegel claims, to enable citizens to develop concrete freedom. Moland argues that Hegel's account of political identity extends to his notorious theory of world history; she also proposes that his resistance to cosmopolitanism be reassessed in response to our globalized world. By focusing on Hegel's depiction of political identity as a central part of modern life, Moland shows the potential of Hegel's philosophy to address issues that lie at the heart of ethical and political philosophy. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Philosophy of Fine Art Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1920 |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel, Institutions and Economics Carsten Herrmann-Pillath, Ivan Boldyrev, 2014-01-10 Hegel’s philosophy has witnessed periods of revival and oblivion, at times considered to be an unrivalled and all-embracing system of thought, but often renounced with no less ardour. This book renews the dialogue with Hegel by looking at his legacy as a source of insight and judgement that helps us rethink contemporary economics. This book focuses on a concept of institution which is equally important for Hegel's political philosophy and for economic theory to date. The key contributions of this Hegelian perspective on economics lead us to the synthesis of traditional approaches and new ideas gained in economic experiments and advanced by neuroeconomists, sociologists and cognitive scientists. The proper account of contemporary 'civil society' involves comprehending it as a historically evolving totality of individual minds, ideas and intersubjective structures that are mutually dependent, tied by recognitive relations, and assert themselves as a whole in the ongoing performative movement of 'objective spitit'. The ethics of recognition is paired with the ethics of associations that supports moral principles and gives them true, concrete universality. This unusual constellation of seemingly remote fields suggests that Hegel, read in a pragmatist mode, anticipated the new theories and philosophies of extended mind, social cognition and performativity. By providing a new conceptual apparatus and reformulating the theory of institutions in the light of this new synthesis, this book claims to give new meaning both to Hegel as interpreted from today, and to the social sciences. Seen from this perspective, such phenomena as cooperation in games, personal identity or justice in the version of Amartya Sen's 'realization-focused comparisons' are reinscribed into the logic of institutional theory. This 'Hegel' clearly goes beyond the limits of philosophical discussion and becomes a decisive reference for economists, sociologists, political scientists and other scholars who study the foundations and consequences of human sociality and try to explore and design the institutions necessary for a worthy common life. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Emancipation After Hegel Todd McGowan, 2019-05-28 Hegel is making a comeback. After the decline of the Marxist Hegelianism that dominated the twentieth century, leading thinkers are rediscovering Hegel’s thought as a resource for contemporary politics. What does a notoriously difficult nineteenth-century German philosopher have to offer the present? How should we understand Hegel, and what does understanding Hegel teach us about confronting our most urgent challenges? In this book, Todd McGowan offers us a Hegel for the twenty-first century. Simultaneously an introduction to Hegel and a fundamental reimagining of Hegel’s project, Emancipation After Hegel presents a radical Hegel who speaks to a world overwhelmed by right-wing populism, authoritarianism, neoliberalism, and economic inequalities. McGowan argues that the revolutionary core of Hegel’s thought is contradiction. He reveals that contradiction is inexorable and that we must attempt to sustain it rather than overcoming it or dismissing it as a logical failure. McGowan contends that Hegel’s notion of contradiction, when applied to contemporary problems, challenges any assertion of unitary identity as every identity is in tension with itself and dependent on others. An accessible and compelling reinterpretation of an often-misunderstood thinker, this book shows us a way forward to a new politics of emancipation as we reconcile ourselves to the inevitability of contradiction and find solidarity in not belonging. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Theory of Imagination Jennifer Ann Bates, 2012-02-01 Filling an important gap in post-Kantian philosophy, Hegel's Theory of Imagination focuses on the role of the imagination, and resolves the question of its apparent absence in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. Jennifer Ann Bates discusses Hegel's theory of the imagination through the early and late Philosophy of Spirit lectures, and reveals that a dialectic between the two sides of the imagination (the night of inwardizing consciousness and the light of externalizing material) is essential to thought and community. The complexity and depth of Hegel's insights make this book essential reading for anyone seriously interested in understanding how central the imagination is to our every thought. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Philosophy of History Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 2012-03-06 One of the great classics of Western thought develops concept that history is not chance but a rational process, operating according to the laws of evolution, and embodying the spirit of freedom. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Dialectic of Desire and Recognition John O'Neill, 1996-02-01 This book presents three generations of German, French, and Anglo-American thinking on the Hegelian narrative of desire, recognition, and alienation in life, labor, and language—a narrative that has been subject to extensive commentary in philosophy, literature, psychoanalysis, and feminist thought. The texts focus on a central topos in Western thought, the story of self-consciousness awakened in nature and in history. John O'Neill argues that current postmodern rejections of the Hegelian-Marxist narrative demand an understanding of the texts included here. Without Hegel and Marx in our toolbox, he argues, we will flounder in a world marked by the split between postmodern indifference and premodern passion. The book makes a strong selection from the history of Hegelian-Marxist debate, hermeneutical and critical theory, and Freudian/Lacanian and feminist commentary on the dialectic of desire and recognition, on the levels of social psychology and political economy. Included are articles by Karl Marx, G. W. F. Hegel, Alexandre Kojève, Jean Hyppolite, Jean-Paul Sarte, Georg Lukács, Jürgen Habermas, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Howard Adelman, Shlomo Avineri, Jessica Benjamin, Edward S. Casey and J. Melvin Woody, Henry S. Harris, George Armstrong Kelly, Ludwig Siep, Judith N. Shklar, and Henry Sussman. The texts and commentaries show how the Hegelian-Maxist narrative of desire, recognition, and alienation is a contested story, one in which class, race, and gender issues are drawn into a historical romance that is being rewritten in contemporary cultural politics. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel Myths and Legends Jon Stewart, 1996-05-13 For over thirty years, Hegel scholars have known that many of the views of Hegel rife in the Anglo-Saxon world are higly inaccurate. The essays collected in this volume show the myths and legends to be just that. The author has selected a set of essays that treat and effectively debunk the various Hegel myths and legends. Divided into sections addressing the various myths and augmented by Stewart's informative introduction and a bibliography, this collection should be of interest to scholars and nonspecialists alike. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Critique of Metaphysics Béatrice Longuenesse, 2007-05-03 Hegel's Science of Logic has received less attention than his Phenomenology of Spirit, but Hegel himself took it to be his highest philosophical achievement and the backbone of his system. The present book focuses on this most difficult of Hegel's published works. Béatrice Longuenesse offers a close analysis of core issues, including discussions of what Hegel means by 'dialectical logic', the role and meaning of 'contradiction' in Hegel's philosophy, and Hegel's justification for the provocative statement that 'what is real is rational, what is rational is real'. She examines both Hegel's debt and his polemical reaction to Kant, and shows in great detail how his project of a 'dialectical' logic can be understood only in light of its relation to Kant's 'transcendental' logic. This book will appeal to anyone interested in Hegel's philosophy and its influence on contemporary philosophical discussion. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: What is Living and what is Dead of the Philosophy of Hegel Benedetto Croce, 1915 What Is Living and What Is Dead of the Philosophy of Hegel by Douglas Ainslie, first published in 1915, is a rare manuscript, the original residing in one of the great libraries of the world. This book is a reproduction of that original, which has been scanned and cleaned by state-of-the-art publishing tools for better readability and enhanced appreciation. Restoration Editors' mission is to bring long out of print manuscripts back to life. Some smudges, annotations or unclear text may still exist, due to permanent damage to the original work. We believe the literary significance of the text justifies offering this reproduction, allowing a new generation to appreciate it. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Philosophy of Mind Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 2022-09-16 Hegel's Philosophy of Mind delves into the intricate workings of the human psyche, exploring the evolution of consciousness and self-awareness. Hegel's prose style is dense and philosophical, typical of German idealism, as he delves into the relationship between mind, body, and spirit. This seminal work is a cornerstone of Hegelian philosophy, demonstrating his belief in the interconnectedness of all aspects of human existence. Through rigorous analysis and dialectical reasoning, Hegel explores the development of self-consciousness and the role of reason in shaping human experience. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a prominent figure in 19th-century philosophy, was deeply influenced by Kant and Fichte. His philosophical inclinations led him to explore the nature of reality and the human mind, resulting in groundbreaking works like Hegel's Philosophy of Mind. Hegel's unique perspective and intellectual prowess shine through in this complex yet rewarding exploration of the human psyche. I highly recommend Hegel's Philosophy of Mind to readers interested in delving into the depths of philosophical inquiry. This book offers profound insights into the nature of consciousness and the interconnectedness of human experience, making it a must-read for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the self and the world around them. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Does History Make Sense? Terry Pinkard, 2017-02-27 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Preliminaries: The Logic of Self-Conscious Animals -- 2. Building an Idealist Conception of History -- 3. Hegel's False Start: Non-Europeans as Failed Europeans -- 4. Europe's Logic -- 5. Infinite Ends at Work in History -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Acknowledgments -- Index |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Organizational Research David M. Boje, 2018-09-03 ‘Organizational research methods’ (ORM) are making an ontological turn by studying the nature of Being, becoming, and the meaning of existence in the world. For example, without ontology, there is no ‘ground’ and no ‘theory’ in Grounded Theory (GT). This book explores ten ways to develop fourth wave GT that is grounded and theory. 1st wave GT commits inductive fallacy inference, 2nd wave GT bandaids it with positivistic content coding. 3rd wave GT turns to social constructivism, but this leaves out the materiality and ecology of existence. The first three waves do not address falsification or verification. There is another theme. Qualitative research methods is a discipline craft, not mere science or something that automated text analysis software can displace. Quantiative narrative analysis (QDA) is one more way to colonize and marginalize indigenous ways of knowing (IWOK). Without an ontological turn, its the death of storytelling predicted by Walter Benjamin and Gertrude Stein predicted. The good news is Western Empirical Science is beginning to listen to IWOK-Native Science experiential living story method of relations not only to other humans but to other animals, plants, to living air, water, and earth in living ecosystem of an enchanted world There is a gap in the qualitative research methodology practices and comprehensive advanced approaches causing a split between practice and theory. So called Grounded Theory (inductive positivism) . Organizational Research: Storytelling in Action is about how to conduct ten kinds of ontological Research Methods and conduct their interpretative analyses, for organization studies, in an ethically answerable way. It is aimed at people who want a more ‘advanced’ treatment than available in so-called Grounded Theory or automated narrative analysis books. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: After Hegel Frederick C. Beiser, 2016-09-13 Histories of German philosophy in the nineteenth century typically focus on its first half—when Hegel, idealism, and Romanticism dominated. By contrast, the remainder of the century, after Hegel's death, has been relatively neglected because it has been seen as a period of stagnation and decline. But Frederick Beiser argues that the second half of the century was in fact one of the most revolutionary periods in modern philosophy because the nature of philosophy itself was up for grabs and the very absence of certainty led to creativity and the start of a new era. In this innovative concise history of German philosophy from 1840 to 1900, Beiser focuses not on themes or individual thinkers but rather on the period’s five great debates: the identity crisis of philosophy, the materialism controversy, the methods and limits of history, the pessimism controversy, and the Ignorabimusstreit. Schopenhauer and Wilhelm Dilthey play important roles in these controversies but so do many neglected figures, including Ludwig Büchner, Eugen Dühring, Eduard von Hartmann, Julius Fraunstaedt, Hermann Lotze, Adolf Trendelenburg, and two women, Agnes Taubert and Olga Pluemacher, who have been completely forgotten in histories of philosophy. The result is a wide-ranging, original, and surprising new account of German philosophy in the critical period between Hegel and the twentieth century. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 2021-09-14 This is a new translation, with running commentary, of what is perhaps the most important short piece of Hegel's writing. The Preface to Hegel's first major work, the Phenomenology of Spirit, lays the groundwork for all his other writing by explaining what is most innovative about Hegel's philosophy. This new translation combines readability with maximum precision, breaking Hegel's long sentences and simplifying their often complex structure. At the same time, it is more faithful to the original than any previous translation. The heart of the book is the detailed commentary, supported by an introductory essay. Together they offer a lucid and elegant explanation of the text and elucidate difficult issues in Hegel, making his claims and intentions intelligible to the beginner while offering interesting and original insights to the scholar and advanced student. The commentary often goes beyond the particular phrase in the text to provide systematic context and explain related topics in Hegel and his predecessors (including Kant, Spinoza, and Aristotle, as well as Fichte, Schelling, Hölderlin, and others). The commentator refrains from playing down (as many interpreters do today) those aspects of Hegel's thought that are less acceptable in our time, and abstains from mixing his own philosophical preferences with his reading of Hegel's text. His approach is faithful to the historical Hegel while reconstructing Hegel's ideas within their own context. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Theory of Madness Daniel Berthold-Bond, 1995-01-01 This book shows how an understanding of the nature and role of insanity in Hegel's writing provides intriguing new points of access to many of the central themes of his larger philosophic project. Berthold-Bond situates Hegel's theory of madness within the history of psychiatric practice during the great reform period at the turn of the eighteenth century, and shows how Hegel developed a middle path between the stridently opposed camps of empirical and romantic medicine, and of somatic and psychical practitioners. A key point of the book is to show that Hegel does not conceive of madness and health as strictly opposing states, but as kindred phenomena sharing many of the same underlying mental structures and strategies, so that the ontologies of insanity and rationality involve a mutually illuminating, mirroring relation. Hegel's theory is tested against the critiques of the institution of psychiatry and the very concept of madness by such influential twentieth-century authors as Michel Foucault and Thomas Szasz, and defended as offering a genuinely reconciling position in the contemporary debate between the social labeling and medical models of mental illness. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Theory of Intelligibility Rocío Zambrana, 2015-11-20 Hegel's logic of actualization -- Synthesis: Kant -- Positing: Fichte -- Actualization: Hegel -- Hegel's critique of reflection -- Ideality -- Actuality -- Hegel's idealism -- Form and content -- Idea -- Conclusion: philosophy's work. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Idea of Hegel's "Science of Logic" Stanley Rosen, 2013-11-15 Although Hegel considered Science of Logic essential to his philosophy, it has received scant commentary compared with the other three books he published in his lifetime. Here philosopher Stanley Rosen rescues the Science of Logic from obscurity, arguing that its neglect is responsible for contemporary philosophy’s fracture into many different and opposed schools of thought. Through deep and careful analysis, Rosen sheds new light on the precise problems that animate Hegel’s overlooked book and their tremendous significance to philosophical conceptions of logic and reason. Rosen’s overarching question is how, if at all, rationalism can overcome the split between monism and dualism. Monism—which claims a singular essence for all things—ultimately leads to nihilism, while dualism, which claims multiple, irreducible essences, leads to what Rosen calls “the endless chatter of the history of philosophy.” The Science of Logic, he argues, is the fundamental text to offer a new conception of rationalism that might overcome this philosophical split. Leading readers through Hegel’s book from beginning to end, Rosen’s argument culminates in a masterful chapter on the Idea in Hegel. By fully appreciating the Science of Logic and situating it properly within Hegel’s oeuvre, Rosen in turn provides new tools for wrangling with the conceptual puzzles that have brought so many other philosophers to disaster. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Idea of Philosophy Quentin Lauer, 1971 The most authoritative version of Hegel's 'Introduction' to his lectures on the history of philosophy. The translation is a model of its kind.-International Philosophical Quarterly |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel Charles Taylor, 1975 A major and comprehensive study of the philosophy of Hegel, his place in the history of ideas, and his continuing relevance and importance. Professor Taylor relates Hegel to the earlier history of philosophy and, more particularly, to the central intellectual and spiritual issues of his own time. He engages with Hegel sympathetically, on Hegel's own terms and, as the the subject demands, in detail. We are made to grasp the interconnections of the system without being overwhelmed or overawed by its technicality. We are shown its importance and its limitations, and are enabled to stand back from it. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel and Deleuze Karen Houle, Jim Vernon, 2013-06-30 Hegel and Deleuze cannily examines the various resonances and dissonances between these two major philosophers. The collection represents the best in contemporary international scholarship on G. W. F. Hegel and Gilles Deleuze, and the contributing authors inhabit the as-yet uncharted space between the two thinkers, collectively addressing most of the major tensions and resonances between their ideas and laying a solid ground for future scholarship. The essays are organized thematically into two groups: those that maintain a firm but nuanced disjunction or opposition between Hegel and Deleuze, and those that chart possible connections, syntheses, or both. As is clear from this range of texts, the challenges involved in grasping, appraising, appropriating, and developing the systems of Deleuze and Hegel are varied and immense. While neither Hegel nor Deleuze gets the last word, the contributors ably demonstrate that partisans of either can no longer ignore the voice of the other. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: A Spirit of Trust Robert B. Brandom, 2019-05-01 Forty years in the making, this long-awaited reinterpretation of Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit is a landmark contribution to philosophy by one of the world’s best-known and most influential philosophers. In this much-anticipated work, Robert Brandom presents a completely new retelling of the romantic rationalist adventure of ideas that is Hegel’s classic The Phenomenology of Spirit. Connecting analytic, continental, and historical traditions, Brandom shows how dominant modes of thought in contemporary philosophy are challenged by Hegel. A Spirit of Trust is about the massive historical shift in the life of humankind that constitutes the advent of modernity. In his Critiques, Kant talks about the distinction between what things are in themselves and how they appear to us; Hegel sees Kant’s distinction as making explicit what separates the ancient and modern worlds. In the ancient world, normative statuses—judgments of what ought to be—were taken to state objective facts. In the modern world, these judgments are taken to be determined by attitudes—subjective stances. Hegel supports a view combining both of those approaches, which Brandom calls “objective idealism”: there is an objective reality, but we cannot make sense of it without first making sense of how we think about it. According to Hegel’s approach, we become agents only when taken as such by other agents. This means that normative statuses such as commitment, responsibility, and authority are instituted by social practices of reciprocal recognition. Brandom argues that when our self-conscious recognitive attitudes take the radical form of magnanimity and trust that Hegel describes, we can overcome a troubled modernity and enter a new age of spirit. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Owl at Dawn Andrew Cutrofello, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 1995-01-01 A present-day continuation of the philosophical narrative presented in G.W.F. Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit that confronts every major post-Hegelian philosophical position and arrives at an original reconception of the purpose of dialectical phenomenology. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche Henri Lefebvre, 2020-02-11 The great French Marxist philosopher weighs up the contributions of the three major critics of modernity With the translation of Lefebvre's philosophical writings, his stature in the English-speaking world continues to grow. Though certainly within the Marxist tradition, he consistently saw Marx as an 'unavoidable, necessary, but insufficient starting point'. Unsurprisingly, Lefebvre always insisted on the importance of Hegel to understanding Marx. But the imposing Metaphilosophy also suggested the significance he ascribed to Nietzsche, in the 'realm of shadows' through which philosophy seeks to think the world. Lefebvre proposes here that the modern world is at the same time Hegelian in terms of the state; Marxist in terms of the social and society; and Nietzschean in terms of civilization and its values. As early as 1939, Lefebvre pioneered a French reading of Nietzsche that rejected the philosopher's appropriation by fascism, bringing out the tragic implications of Nietzsche's proclamation that 'God is dead' long before this approach was followed by such later writers as Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze. Forty years later, in the last of his philosophical writings, Lefebvre juxtaposes the contributions of the three great thinkers, in a text whose themes remain surprisingly relevant today. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Freedom's Right Axel Honneth, 2014-03-11 The theory of justice is one of the most intensely debated areas of contemporary philosophy. Most theories of justice, however, have only attained their high level of justification at great cost. By focusing on purely normative, abstract principles, they become detached from the sphere that constitutes their “field of application” - namely, social reality. Axel Honneth proposes a different approach. He seeks to derive the currently definitive criteria of social justice directly from the normative claims that have developed within Western liberal democratic societies. These criteria and these claims together make up what he terms “democratic ethical life”: a system of morally legitimate norms that are not only legally anchored, but also institutionally established. Honneth justifies this far-reaching endeavour by demonstrating that all essential spheres of action in Western societies share a single feature, as they all claim to realize a specific aspect of individual freedom. In the spirit of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right and guided by the theory of recognition, Honneth shows how principles of individual freedom are generated which constitute the standard of justice in various concrete social spheres: personal relationships, economic activity in the market, and the political public sphere. Honneth seeks thereby to realize a very ambitious aim: to renew the theory of justice as an analysis of society. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Critique of Modernity Timothy C. Luther, 2009-01-01 Hegel's enduring importance lies in the fact that his philosophy sheds light on many contemporary problems; his conception of freedom enables us to reconcile many of the differences that divide liberalism and communitarianism. While liberalism tends to overemphasize the individual and devalue the community, communitarianism tends to do the reverse. One of his central aims is to integrate liberalism's concern for the political rights and interests of individuals within the framework of a community. He tries to reconcile the individual and community in a way that creates the proper mix of liberty and authority. One of Hegel's goals is to discover social structures that will allow individuals to escape the alienation that characterizes contemporary life. He sought a method of reconciling his contemporaries to the modern world by overcoming the things that split the self from the social world; that is, a place where people are at home in the social world. A sense of estrangement is all too common, even for those who enjoy more personal freedom and material abundance than ever thought possible. While Hegel is speaking directly to and about his contemporaries, their social world bears much in common with ours. Consequently, his attempt to reconcile philosophical and social contradictions can elucidate our own condition. While the modern world reflects important contributions, the advent of modern liberalism leads to excessive individualism that fragments social life, leaving individuals disconnected and adrift from meaningful social life. The major goal of Hegel's political philosophy is to reconcile the individual with his or her political community in a way that overcomes the alienation of modern life. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Mourning Sickness Rebecca Comay, 2011 This book explores Hegel's response to the French Revolutionary Terror and its impact on Germany. Like many of his contemporaries, Hegel was struck by the seeming parallel between the political upheaval in France and the intellectual upheaval in German thought inaugurated by the Protestant Reformation and brought to a climax by German Idealism. He believed, as did many others, that a political revolution would be unnecessary in Germany, because this intellectual revolution would preempt it. Mourning Sickness provides a new reading of these ideas in the light of contemporary theories of historical trauma. It explores the ways in which major historical events are experienced vicariously and the fantasies we use to make sense of them. Rebecca Comay brings Hegel into relation with the most burning contemporary discussions around catastrophe, revolution, and the role of media in shaping our political experience. The book will be of interest to readers of philosophy, literature, cultural studies, history, political theory, and memory studies. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Undiscovered Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis Dialectics Leonard F. Wheat, 2012-12-25 For over fifty years, Hegel interpreters have rejected the former belief that Hegel used thesis-antithesis-synthesis dialectics. In this incisive analysis of Hegel's philosophy, Leonard F. Wheat shows that the modern interpretation is false. Wheat rigorously demonstrates that there are in fact thirty-eight well-concealed dialectics in Hegel's two most important works--twenty-eight in Phenomenology of Spirit and ten in The Philosophy of History. Wheat also develops other major new insights: • Hegel's chief dialectical format consists of a two-concept thesis, a two-concept antithesis, and a two-concept synthesis that borrows one concept from the thesis and one from the antithesis. • All dialectics are analogically based on the Christian separation-and-return myth: the dialectic separates from and returns to a thesis concept. • Hegel's enigmatic Spirit is a four-faceted, deliberately fictitious, nonsupernatural entity that exists only as an atheistic redefinition of God. • Spirit's divine life begins not with consciousness but with unconsciousness, in the prehuman state of nature-before Spirit acquires its human mind. • Hegel's concept of freedom is not a sociopolitical concept but release from bondage to religious superstition (belief in a supernatural God). • In Hegel's widely misinterpreted master-and-slave parable, the master is God, the slave is man, and the slave's gaining his freedom is man's becoming an atheist. • The standard non-Hegelian base-superstructure interpretation of Marx's dialectics is false. Marx's basic dialectic is actually this: thesis = communal ownership poverty, antithesis = private ownership wealth, synthesis = communal ownership wealth. Wheat also shows that Marx and Tillich, who subtly used Hegelian dialectics in their own works, are the only authors who have understood Hegelian dialectics. Thoroughly researched and exhaustive in detail, this radical reinterpretation of Hegel's philosophy should greatly interest Hegel scholars and students. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: The Dialectical Method Clark Butler, 2012 |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Introducing Hegel Lloyd Spencer, 2015-06-18 INTRODUCING guide to the hugely influential German thinker. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is one of the greatest thinkers of all time. No other philosopher has had such a profound impact on the ideas and political events of the 20th century. Hegel's influential writings on philosophy, politics, history and art are parts of a larger systematic whole. They are also among the most difficult in the entire literature of philosophy. Introducing Hegel guides us through a spectacular system of thought which aimed to make sense of history. The book also provides new perspectives on contemporary postmodern debates about 'metanarratives' (Lyotard) and the 'end of history' (Fukuyama). It is an ideal introduction to this crucial figure in the history of philosophy, and is indispensable for anyone trying to understand such key modern thinkers as Marx, Lacan, Satre and Adorno. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Hegel's Antiquity Will D. Desmond, 2020-07-30 Hegel's Antiquity aims to summarize, contextualize, and criticize Hegel's understanding and treatment of major aspects of the classical world, approaching each of the major areas of his historical thinking in turn: politics, art, religion, philosophy, and history itself. The discussion excerpts relevant details from a range of Hegel's works, with an eye both to the ancient sources with which he worked, and the contemporary theories (German aesthetic theory, Romanticism, Kantianism, Idealism (including Hegel's own), and emerging historicism) which coloured his readings. What emerges is that Hegel's interest in both Greek and Roman antiquity was profound and is essential for his philosophy, arguably providing the most important components of his vision of world-history: Hegel is generally understood as a thinker of modernity (in various senses), but his modernity can only be understood in essential relation to its predecessors and 'others', notably the Greek world and Roman world whose essential 'spirit' he assimilates to his own notion of Geist. |
| hegel's theory of synthesis: Evolutionary Philosophy Ed Gibney, 2012-04-24 Evolutionary Philosophy is the foundation text for a new belief system. We are all products of evolution. Understanding all of the implications of this statement leads to a comprehensive worldview that can answer our universally shared questions: Where did I come from? What am I? What is a good life? How do I know? These questions and many more are answered in this book, before the beliefs of 60 of the top philosophers of history are put to the test in an evaluation of the survival of their fittest ideas. This is an audacious work of research and analysis from author Ed Gibney, who finishes by asking readers to help Evolutionary Philosophy to grow and adapt as mankind's knowledge continues to accumulate. This clear and accessible work promises to help you reevaluate mankind's place in the universe and your place in society. |
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Wikipedia
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[a] (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a 19th-century German idealist. His influence extends across a wide range of topics from metaphysical issues …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Feb 13, 1997 · Along with J.G. Fichte and, at least in his early work, F.W.J. von Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) belongs to the period of German idealism in the …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Biography, Books, & Facts
Apr 15, 2025 · Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (born August 27, 1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg [Germany]—died November 14, 1831, Berlin) was a German philosopher who developed a …
High-end audio electronics designed in Norway - Hegel
"Hegel is a small Norwegian audio company with a big reputation. In just a few years, the brand has gone from 'wasn't he a philosopher?' to one of the keenest choices for the discerning …
Hegel: Social and Political Thought - Internet Encyclopedia of …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy. In addition to epitomizing German idealist philosophy, Hegel …
Philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Britannica
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, (born Aug. 27, 1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg—died Nov. 14, 1831, Berlin), German philosopher. After working as a tutor, he was headmaster of the gymnasium …
Key Concepts of the Philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel - Owlcation
G. W. F. Hegel was a 19th-century German philosopher whose work inspired German Idealism and garnered strong reactions from existentialist philosophers such as Schopenhauer, …
Hegel: The philosopher father of the 'zeitgeist' – DW – 08/27/2020
Aug 27, 2020 · Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, the German philosopher who would go on to be one of the most famous thinkers of his era, was born on August 27, 1770, in Stuttgart, in …
Science of Logic - Wikipedia
Science of Logic (German: Wissenschaft der Logik), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined his vision of logic.Hegel's logic is a …
Hegel and his Philosophy - hegel.net
Hegel.net is dedicated to explaining the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) in all its richness. You can find out more about the mission of the web site in the section “About us” .
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Wikipedia
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[a] (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a 19th-century German idealist. His influence extends across a wide range of topics from metaphysical issues …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Feb 13, 1997 · Along with J.G. Fichte and, at least in his early work, F.W.J. von Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) belongs to the period of German idealism in the …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Biography, Books, & Facts
Apr 15, 2025 · Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (born August 27, 1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg [Germany]—died November 14, 1831, Berlin) was a German philosopher who developed a …
High-end audio electronics designed in Norway - Hegel
"Hegel is a small Norwegian audio company with a big reputation. In just a few years, the brand has gone from 'wasn't he a philosopher?' to one of the keenest choices for the discerning …
Hegel: Social and Political Thought - Internet Encyclopedia of …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) is one of the greatest systematic thinkers in the history of Western philosophy. In addition to epitomizing German idealist philosophy, Hegel …
Philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | Britannica
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, (born Aug. 27, 1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg—died Nov. 14, 1831, Berlin), German philosopher. After working as a tutor, he was headmaster of the gymnasium …
Key Concepts of the Philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel - Owlcation
G. W. F. Hegel was a 19th-century German philosopher whose work inspired German Idealism and garnered strong reactions from existentialist philosophers such as Schopenhauer, …
Hegel: The philosopher father of the 'zeitgeist' – DW – 08/27/2020
Aug 27, 2020 · Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, the German philosopher who would go on to be one of the most famous thinkers of his era, was born on August 27, 1770, in Stuttgart, in …
Science of Logic - Wikipedia
Science of Logic (German: Wissenschaft der Logik), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined his vision of logic.Hegel's logic is a …
Hegel and his Philosophy - hegel.net
Hegel.net is dedicated to explaining the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel (1770-1831) in all its richness. You can find out more about the mission of the web site in the section “About us” .
