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| history of communalism: Communalism and the Writing of Indian History Romila Thapar, Harbans Mukhia, Bipan Chandra, 1969 Revised version of papers presented at a seminar organised by All India Radio in October 1968. |
| history of communalism: For All the People John Curl, 2010-07 The survival of indigenous communities and the first European settlers alike depended on a deeply cooperative style of living and working, based around common lands, shared food and labor. Cooperative movements proved integral to the grassroots organizations and struggles challenging the domination of unbridled capitalism in America's formative years. Holding aloft the vision for an alternative economic system based on cooperative industry, they have played a vital, and dynamic role in the struggle to create a better world. Seeking to reclaim a history that has remained largely ignored by most historians, this dramatic and stirring account examines each of the definitive American cooperative movements for social change - farmer, union, consumer, and communalist - that have been all but erased from collective memory. Focusing far beyond one particular era, organization, leader, or form of cooperation, For All the People documents the multigenerational struggle of the American working people for social justice. With an expansive sweep and breathtaking detail, the chronicle follows the American worker from the colonial workshop to the modern mass-assembly line, ultimately painting a vivid panorama of those who built the United States and those who will shape its future. John Curl, with over forty years of experience as both an active member and scholar of cooperatives, masterfully melds theory, practice, knowledge and analysis, to present the definitive history from below of cooperative America. |
| history of communalism: The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India Gyanendra Pandey, 2006-08-31 This new edition containing a preface and afterword, is a part of a larger exercise aimed at understanding the construction of Indian society, and politics as a whole in recent times by challenging the conventional analysis of communalism and providing alternative theoretical cues to grasp its nature and dynamics. |
| history of communalism: Interrogating Communalism Salah Punathil, 2018-10-26 This book examines conflict and violence among religious minorities and the implication on the idea of citizenship in contemporary India. Going beyond the usual Hindu-Muslim question, it situates communalism in the context of conflicts between Muslims and Christians. By tracing the long history of conflict between the Marakkayar Muslims and Mukkuvar Christians in South India, it explores the notion of ‘mobilization of religious identity’ within the discourse on communal violence in South Asia as also discusses the spatial dynamics in violent conflicts. Including rich empirical evidence from historical and ethnographic material, the author shows how the contours of violence among minorities position Muslims as more vulnerable subjects of violent conflicts. The book will be useful to scholars and researchers of politics, political sociology, sociology and social anthropology, minority studies and South Asian studies. It will also interest those working on peace and conflict, violence, ethnicity and identity as also activists and policymakers concerned with the problems of fishing communities. |
| history of communalism: Communalism, Caste and Hindu Nationalism Ornit Shani, 2007-07-12 Belligerent Hindu nationalism, accompanied by recurring communal violence between Hindus and Muslims, has become a compelling force in Indian politics over the last two decades. Ornit Shani's book examines the rise of Hindu nationalism, asking why distinct groups of Hindus, deeply divided by caste, mobilised on the basis of unitary Hindu nationalism, and why the Hindu nationalist rhetoric about the threat of the impoverished Muslim minority was so persuasive to the Hindu majority. Using evidence from communal violence in Gujarat, Shani argues that the growth of communalism was not simply a result of Hindu-Muslim antagonisms, but was driven by intensifying tensions among Hindus, nurtured by changes in the relations between castes and associated state policies. These, in turn, were frequently displaced onto Muslims, thus enabling caste conflicts to develop and deepen communal rivalries. The book offers a challenge to previous scholarship on the rise of communalism, which will be welcomed by students and professionals. |
| history of communalism: The Furies of Indian Communalism Achin Vanaik, 1997 Moving beyond purely theoretical considerations, he assesses India's political future, the possible obstacles to the development of communalism, and the forces that exist on the Left which might be brought into alliance to halt the march of chauvinism. |
| history of communalism: Communalism in Postcolonial India Mujibur Rehman, 2024-11-01 This book reconceptualises the idea of communalism in independent India. It locates the changing contours of politics and religion in the country from the colonial times to the present day, and makes an important intervention in understanding the relationship between communalism and communal violence. It evaluates the role of state, media, civil societies, political parties, and other actors in the process as well as ideas such as secularism, nationalism, minority rights and democracy. Using new conceptual tools and an interdisciplinary approach, the work challenges the conventional understanding of communalism as time and context independent. This second edition includes a Foreword by Romila Thapar and an Afterword by Dipesh Chakrabarty, along with a new Introduction which revaluate the trajectory of communal politics in contemporary India, and question how secularism has come to be understood today. This topical volume will be useful to scholars and researchers in South Asian politics, political science, history, sociology and social anthropology, as well as the interested general reader. |
| history of communalism: Making Peace, Making Riots Anwesha Roy, 2018-05-03 Looks at the decade of 1940s in Bengal and provides a complete understanding of the pre-partition years. |
| history of communalism: Collective Action and Community Sandria B. Freitag, 1989-01-01 |
| history of communalism: America's Communal Utopias Donald E. Pitzer, 1997 From the Shakers to the Branch Davidians, America's communal utopians have captured the popular imagination. Seventeen original essays here demonstrate the relevance of such groups to the mainstream of American social, religious, and economic life. The co |
| history of communalism: Nationalism, Terrorism, Communalism Peter Heehs, 1998 This Volume Of Essays Examines Some Of The More Important And Problematic Aspects Of The Swadeshi Movement, Such As The Relationship Between Terrorism And Non-Violent Resistance. Also Examined Here Are Foreign Influences On Bengal Terrorism And The Nature Of Bengali `Religious Nationalism`. |
| history of communalism: Bengal Divided Joya Chatterji, 2002-06-06 An original and compelling account of the Hindu partitionist movement in Bengal. |
| history of communalism: Compassionate Communalism Melani Cammett, 2014-04-17 In Lebanon, religious parties such as Hezbollah play a critical role in providing health care, food, poverty relief, and other social welfare services alongside or in the absence of government efforts. Some parties distribute goods and services broadly, even to members of other parties or other faiths, while others allocate services more narrowly to their own base. In Compassionate Communalism, Melani Cammett analyzes the political logics of sectarianism through the lens of social welfare. On the basis of years of research into the varying welfare distribution strategies of Christian, Shia Muslim, and Sunni Muslim political parties in Lebanon, Cammett shows how and why sectarian groups deploy welfare benefits for such varied goals as attracting marginal voters, solidifying intraconfessional support, mobilizing mass support, and supporting militia fighters.Cammett then extends her arguments with novel evidence from the Sadrist movement in post-Saddam Iraq and the Bharatiya Janata Party in contemporary India, other places where religious and ethnic organizations provide welfare as part of their efforts to build political support. Nonstate welfare performs a critical function in the absence of capable state institutions, Cammett finds, but it comes at a price: creating or deepening social divisions, sustaining rival visions of the polity, or introducing new levels of social inequality.Compassionate Communalism is informed by Cammett's use of many methods of data collection and analysis, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis of the location of hospitals and of religious communities; a large national survey of Lebanese citizens regarding access to social welfare; standardized open-ended interviews with representatives from political parties, religious charities, NGOs, and government ministries, as well as local academics and journalists; large-scale proxy interviewing of welfare beneficiaries conducted by trained Lebanese graduate students matched with coreligionist respondents; archival research; and field visits to schools, hospitals, clinics, and other social assistance programs as well as political party offices throughout the country. |
| history of communalism: Encyclopaedia of Cities and Towns in India , 2008 |
| history of communalism: Everyday Communalism Sudha Pai, Sajjan Kumar, 2018 With the demolition of the Babri Masjid and subsequent riots of the late 1980s and 1990s in Uttar Pradesh, the period that followed appeared relatively peaceful. Only at the turn of the century, India witnessed a strong wave of communalism in early 2000s. After the Godhra riots of Gujarat in 2002, Uttar Pradesh saw a series of them--in Mau in 2005, Lucknow in 2006, Gorakhpur in 2007, and Muzaffarnagar in 2013--announcing the return of fundamentalism in the Bharatiya Janta Party's core agenda of Hindutva politics. Everyday Communalism not only attempts to explore the anatomy of a Hindu-Muslim riot and its aftermath, but also examines the inner workings that enable deep-seated polarization between communities. Pai and Kumar show that frequent, low-intensity communal clashes pegged on routine everyday issues and resources help establish a permanent anti-Muslim prejudice among Hindus legitimizing majoritarian rule in the eyes of an increasingly polarized, intolerant, and entitled majority community of Hindus. Uttar Pradesh's rising cultural aspirations; economic anxieties to move away from its traditionally backward status; a deep caste-marked agrarian crisis; and sharp inequalities and acute poverty further play into the making a new post-Ayodhya phase of Hindutva politics. |
| history of communalism: A History of State and Religion in India Ian Copland, Ian Mabbett, Asim Roy, Kate Brittlebank, Adam Bowles, 2013-05-02 Offering the first long-duration analysis of the relationship between the state and religion in South Asia, this book looks at the nature and origins of Indian secularism. It interrogates the proposition that communalism in India is wholly a product of colonial policy and modernisation, questions whether the Indian state has generally been a benign, or disruptive, influence on public religious life, and evaluates the claim that the region has spawned a culture of practical toleration. The book is structured around six key arenas of interaction between state and religion: cow worship and sacrifice, control of temples and shrines, religious festivals and processions, proselytising and conversion, communal riots, and religious teaching/doctrine and family law. It offers a challenging argument about the role of the state in religious life in a historical continuum, and identifies points of similarity and contrast between periods and regimes. The book makes a significant contribution to the literature on South Asian History and Religion. |
| history of communalism: Social Ecology and Communalism Murray Bookchin, 2007 A collection of essays by the late Murray Bookchin, the acclaimed writer and activist who spent most of his life working towards a better world. The basic premise of social ecology is to re-harmonise the balance between society and nature, to create a rational ecological society - aims that are increasingly vital and increasingly a part of the mainstream political discourse. This collection of essays give an overview and introduction to his ideas. |
| history of communalism: Communal Riots in Bengal, 1905-1947 Suranjan Das, 1993 This examination of the changing pattern of Hindu-Muslim rioting in Bengal provides a much fuller understanding of the phenomenon of communal identity and its popular response in the history of India. |
| history of communalism: Gujarat, Cradle and Harbinger of Identity Politi - India′s Injurious Frame of Communalism Ghanshyam Shah, Jan Breman, 2022-02-28 This book is a collection of essays written over the last five decades to document events related to the communal politics that have flourished in Gujarat. It features chapters on the historical aspects of communalism and the growth of the BJP in Gujarat, particularly focusing on its electoral politics. |
| history of communalism: Communalism in Bengal Rakesh Batabyal, 2005 |
| history of communalism: Time and History Jörn Rüsen, 2008-01-01 This series aims at bridging the gap between historical theory and the study of historical memory as well as western and non-western concepts, for which this volume offers a particularly good example. It explores cultural differences in conceptualizing time and history in countries such as China, Japan, and India as well as pre-modern societies. |
| history of communalism: Arab Christians in British Mandate Palestine Noah Haiduc-Dale, 2013-03-18 Recent conflict in the Middle East has caused some observers to ask if Muslims and Christians can ever coexist. History suggests that relations between those two groups are not predetermined, but are the product of particular social and political circumstances. This book examines Muslim-Christian relations during an earlier period of political and social upheaval, and explores the process of establishing new forms of national and religious identification. Palestine's Arab Christian minority actively engaged with the Palestinian nationalist movement throughout the period of British rule (1917-1948). Relations between Muslim and Christian Arabs were sometimes strained, yet in Palestine, as in other parts of the world, communalism became a specific response to political circumstances. While Arab Christians first adopted an Arab nationalist identity, a series of outside pressures - including British policies, the rise of a religious conflict between Jews and Muslims, and an increase in Islamic identification among some Arabs - led Christians to adhere to more politicized religious groupings by the 1940s. Yet despite that shift Christians remained fully nationalist, insisting that they could be both Arab and Christian. |
| history of communalism: Problem of Communalism in India Ravindra Kumar, 1990 |
| history of communalism: History and Politics In Post-Colonial India Michael Gottlob, 2011-05-30 The writing of history in India has been fraught with controversies. From the storm over textbooks in the 1970s, and the furore over the Babri Masjid in the 1990s, to the flaring up of religious sentiments over 'beef-eating' and the Ram Sethu, this book provides a synoptic view of teaching and writing of history in post-colonial India. Michael Gottlob explores historical research and teaching as important components contributing to the development of a national identity and ideas of citizenship in post-colonial India. He shows how the urge to decolonize and recover the self has given rise to several approaches that attempt to 'reclaim' Indian history from its colonial past. The book discusses diverse areas like methodological research and public use of history; cultural identity and diversity; nationalism and communalism; and social movements and deconstructs their far-reaching implications in contemporary India. It also examines the role of women, Dalits, and Adivasis to understand their position in the multicultural reality of India. |
| history of communalism: The Production of Hindu-Muslim Violence in Contemporary India Paul R. Brass, 2003 Chronic Hindu-Muslim rioting in India has created a situation in which communal violence is both so normal and so varied in its manifestations that it would seem to defy effective analysis. In this volume, Paul R. Brass, one of the world’s preeminent experts on South Asia, reports the results of an immense scholarly undertaking: his tracking of more than half a century’s riots in the north Indian city of Aligarh, where he has conducted extraordinary research for the past thirty-eight years. |
| history of communalism: Communalism Kenneth Rexroth, 1975 Monograph on the evolution of collective farming communitys and related forms of communism from prehistorical times to the early 1900's - examines the sociological aspects of different kinds of communes, particularly in Western Europe and the USA, etc. |
| history of communalism: Communalism Prabha Dixit, 1974 On the communal movements of the Muslims and Hindus, 1857-1970; a study. |
| history of communalism: 'How Best Do We Survive?' Kenneth McPherson, 2012-12-06 This book traces the social and political history of the Muslims of south India from the later nineteenth century to Independence in 1947, and the contours that followed. It describes a community in search of political survival amidst an ever-changing climate, and the fluctuating fortunes it had in dealing with the rise of Indian nationalism, the local political nuances of that rise, and its own changing position as part of the wider Muslim community in India. The book argues that Partition and the foundation of Pakistan in 1947 were neither the goal nor the necessarily inescapable result of the growth of communal politics and sentiment, and analyses the post-1947 constructions of events leading to Partition. Neither the fact of Muslim communalism per se before 1947 nor the existence of separate Muslim electorates provide an explanation for Pakistan. The book advances the theory that micro-level studies of the operation of the former, and the defence of the latter, in British India can lead to a better understanding of the origins of communalism. The book makes an important contribution to understanding and dealing with the complexities of communalism — be it Hindu, Muslim or Christian — and its often tragic consequences. |
| history of communalism: Rojava Thomas Schmidinger, 2018 The Kurdish territory of Rojava in Syria has become a watchword for radical democracy, communalism and gender equality. But while Western radicals continue to project their own values onto the revolution, the complexities of the situation are often overlooked or misunderstood. Based on over 17 years of research and fieldwork, Thomas Schmidinger provides a detailed introduction to the history and political situation in Rojava. Outlining the history of the Kurds in Syria from the late Ottoman Empire until the Syrian civil war, he describes the developments in Rojava since 2011: the protests against the regime, the establishment of a Kurdish para-state, the conflicts between the parties about the administration of the Kurdish territory and how the PYD and its People's Councils rule the territory. The book draws on interviews with political leaders of different parties, civil society activists, artists, fighters and religious leaders in order to paint an complex picture of the historical conflict and the contemporary situation. |
| history of communalism: Communalism Contested Achin Vanaik, 1997 |
| history of communalism: Making India Hindu David E. Ludden, 2005 For The Past Few Decades Powerful Political Forces Have Sought To Make The Indian State Hindu. Their Rising Influence Since 1980 Has Occured During A Period Of Radical Change In Indian Society And Politics, And Has Been Accomplished By Electoral Means As Well As By Organized Violence. The 1996 Elections Have Been A Major Test Of Their Power And The Influence Of Hindu Majoritarianism Among The Indian Electorate. Thirteen Prominent Scholars From India, Europe And The United States Provide Perspectives From The Fields Of Political Science, Religious Studies, History, Art History, And Anthropology, Comparing Trends In India With Ethnic, Religious, And Cultural Movements In Other Parts Of The World. The Second Edition Has Been Brought Up-To-Date With A New Preface In Which Ludden Provides An Incisive Analysis Of The 2004 Elections And Highlights Direct And Indirect Operations Of Hindutva Inside India`S Political Mainstream. It Also Carries A Revised Bibliography. |
| history of communalism: Communal Unity Mahatma Gandhi, 1949 Chiefly on Hindu-Muslim unity. |
| history of communalism: Communalism Bipan Chandra, 2008 With special reference to India. |
| history of communalism: Nigeria: Modernization and the Politics of Communalism Robert Melson, Howard Wolpe, 1971 |
| history of communalism: Communalism and Sexual Violence , 2017 |
| history of communalism: History of the Indigenous Indians Ṭi. Ecc. Pi Centāraśśēri, 1998 Presents the thesis that Indo-Aryans have been pushed to the status of shudras as a conflict between Buddhism and Brahmanism. |
| history of communalism: The Origin of Christianity Charles Paul Vaclavik, 1989-01-01 An historical analysis of the origin of Christianity: its Pythagorean foundation, the Judaic Christian concepts, its alteration as it moved into non-Jewish Mediterranean areas, and its corruption by sectarian interests. |
| history of communalism: Colonialism, Culture and Resistance Panikkar,, 2009-11-12 This book discusses the different forms of resistance to colonialism and their role in the formation of alternative modernity in India. |
| history of communalism: Secularism, Communalism, and the Intellectuals Zaheer Baber, 2006 These essays focus on the role of fashionable critiques and smug dismissals of secularism and modernity, and the unqualified defense of so-called indigenous traditions in providing intellectual support for the discourse of Hindutva. Zaheer Baber's stern indictment of anti-secular intellectuals should promote a revival of genuine Indian sociology rather than their unimaginative Indology. Baber takes T.N. Madan, Ashis Nandy and Veena Das to task, he offers us a theory of communalism, and he advises us to consider a comparative 'race' framework for the oppressions meted out to the socially suppressed within India: all this in a very short, readable and insightful book. -- Vijay Prashad |
| history of communalism: INDIA'S FREEDOM MOVEMENT (1857-1947) (REVISION NOTES) ARORA IAS for UPSC /IAS / STATE PCS / CTET/PET/POLICE/EPFO/CDS/NDA/NET-JRF/DEFENCE/SSC/COLLEGE/SCHOOL ETC. EXAM TEAM ARORA IAS, INDEX CHAPTER 1 : The Great Mutiny of 1857 CHAPTER 2 : Indigenous Revolts and Tribal Insurrections CHAPTER 3 : Peasant Revolts and Uprisings Post-1857 CHAPTER 4 : The Formation of the Congress: Debunking the Myths CHAPTER 5 : The True Story Behind the Formation of the Indian National Congress CHAPTER 6 : Socio-Religious Reforms: Catalysts of the National Awakening CHAPTER 7 : An Economic Analysis of Colonial Exploitation CHAPTER 8 : Advocating for Press Freedom: A Historical Perspective CHAPTER 9 : The Use of Propaganda within Legislative Bodies CHAPTER 10 : The Swadeshi Movement: Unveiling the Spirit of Nationalism (1903-1908) CHAPTER 11 : Congressional Fissure and the Emergence of Revolutionary Violence CHAPTER 12 : World War I and the Ghadar Movement: Catalysts for Indian Nationalism CHAPTER 13 : The Home Rule Movement and Its Aftermath CHAPTER 14 : Gandhiji's Formative Years and Activism Beginnings CHAPTER 15 : Gandhi's Formative Years and Early Activism CHAPTER 16 : Rural Uprisings and Nationalism in the 1920s CHAPTER 17 : Indian Labor Movement and the Nationalist Struggle CHAPTER 18 : Activism for Gurdwara Reform and Temple Access CHAPTER 19 : Era of Stagnation: Swarajists, Status Quo Advocates, and Gandhi's Influence CHAPTER 20 : Bhagat Singh, Surya Sen, and Revolutionary Activism CHAPTER 21 : Rising Tensions: 1927-29 CHAPTER 22 : Civil Disobedience Movement CHAPTER 23 : Journey from Karachi to Wardha: 1932-34 CHAPTER 24 : The Emergence of Left-Wing Movements CHAPTER 25 : Strategic Discussions: 1935-37 CHAPTER 26 : Twenty-Eight Months of Congress Governance CHAPTER 27 : Rural Uprisings During the 1930s and 1940s CHAPTER 28 : The Independence Movement in Princely States CHAPTER 29 : Indian Industrialists and the Nationalist Movement CHAPTER 30 : Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy CHAPTER 31 : The Emergence and Expansion of Communalism CHAPTER 32 : Communalism in its Liberal Phase CHAPTER 33 : Jinnah, Golwalkar, and Radical Communalism CHAPTER 34 : From the Tripuri Crisis to the Cripps Mission CHAPTER 35 : From the Quit India Movement to the INA CHAPTER 36 : Post-War National Awakening: India's Path to Independence CHAPTER 37 : Freedom and Partition: The Birth of India and Pakistan CHAPTER 38 : Strategic Evolution of the Indian National Movement CHAPTER 39 : The Ideological Landscape of the Indian National Movement |
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History - Wikipedia
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened …
World History Encyclopedia
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