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| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Origin of Continents and Oceans Alfred Wegener, 2012-07-25 A source of profound influence and controversy, this landmark 1915 work explains various phenomena of historical geology, geomorphy, paleontology, paleoclimatology, and similar areas in terms of continental drift. 64 illustrations. 1966 edition. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Continental Drift Controversy Henry R. Frankel, 2012-04-26 This book describes the expansion of the land-based paleomagnetic case for drifting continents and recounts the golden age of marine geoscience. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Drifting Continents and Colliding Paradigms John A. Stewart, 1990-05-22 The book provides an excellent historical summary of the debates over continental drift theory in this century. —Contemporary Sociology This is a useful discussion of the way that science works. The book will be of value to philosophers of science . . . —Choice . . . will find an important place in university and department libraries, and will interest afficionados of the factual and intellectual history of the earth sciences. —Terra Nova . . . an excellent core analysis . . . —The Times Higher Education Supplement . . . an ambitious and important contribution to the new sociology of science. —American Journal of Sociology . . . Stewart's book is a noble effort, an interesting and readable discussion, and another higher notch on the scoreboard of critical scholarship that deserves wide examination and close attention. —Geophysics This fascinating book describes the rise and fall and rebirth of continental drift theory in this century. It uses the recent revolution in geoscientinsts' beliefs about the earth to examine questions such as, How does scientific knowledge develop and change? The book also explores how well different perspectives help us to understand revolutionary change in science. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Rejection of Continental Drift Naomi Oreskes, 1999 Why did American geologists reject the notion of continental drift, first posed in 1915? And why did British scientists view the theory as a pleasing confirmation? This text, based on archival resources, provides answers to these questions. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Continental Drift Controversy Henry R. Frankel, 2012-04-26 Describes the expansion of the land-based paleomagnetic case for drifting continents and recounts the golden age of marine geoscience. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Continental Drift Controversy: Volume 1, Wegener and the Early Debate Henry R. Frankel, 2017-02-16 The definitive account of the early debate over Wegener's theory of continental drift, based on extensive interviews and archival material. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Floors of the Oceans: I. The North Atlantic Bruce C. Heezen, Marie Tharp, and Maurice Ewing, 1959 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Conceptual Revolutions Paul Thagard, 2018-06-05 In this path-breaking work, Paul Thagard draws on the history and philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and the field of artificial intelligence to develop a theory of conceptual change capable of accounting for all major scientific revolutions. The history of science contains dramatic episodes of revolutionary change in which whole systems of concepts have been replaced by new systems. Thagard provides a new and comprehensive perspective on the transformation of scientific conceptual systems. Thagard examines the Copernican and the Darwinian revolutions and the emergence of Newton's mechanics, Lavoisier's oxygen theory, Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum theory, and the geological theory of plate tectonics. He discusses the psychological mechanisms by which new concepts and links between them are formed, and advances a computational theory of explanatory coherence to show how new theories can be judged to be superior to previous ones. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Rejection of Continental Drift Naomi Oreskes, 1999-04-01 In the early twentieth century, American earth scientists were united in their opposition to the new--and highly radical--notion of continental drift, even going so far as to label the theory unscientific. Some fifty years later, however, continental drift was heralded as a major scientific breakthrough and today it is accepted as scientific fact. Why did American geologists reject so adamantly an idea that is now considered a cornerstone of the discipline? And why were their European colleagues receptive to it so much earlier? This book, based on extensive archival research on three continents, provides important new answers while giving the first detailed account of the American geological community in the first half of the century. Challenging previous historical work on this episode, Naomi Oreskes shows that continental drift was not rejected for the lack of a causal mechanism, but because it seemed to conflict with the basic standards of practice in American geology. This account provides a compelling look at how scientific ideas are made and unmade. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Earth Sciences History , 1999 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Scientific Knowledge in Controversy Brian Martin, 1991-07-03 Scientific Knowledge in Controversy: The Social Dynamics of the Fluoridation Debate is a study of today's most heated and long-lived health controversy as well as a study of the role of power in science. It uses the tools of sociology of knowledge and political economy to analyze battles over scientific evidence and the struggle for scientific credibility, the exercise of professional power to suppress opponents, and the role of corporate interests in the debate. The evidence from a variety of countries offers a new perspective on the fluoridation issue and also shows how to link the analysis of rhetoric in scientific disputes with the wider analysis of power in society. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Ending in Ice Roger M. McCoy, 2006-06-22 An old truism holds that a scientific discovery has three stages: first, people deny it is true; then they deny it is important; finally, they credit the wrong person. Alfred Wegener's discovery of continental drift went through each stage with unusual drama. In 1915, when he published his theory that the world's continents had once come together in a single landmass before splitting apart and drifting to their current positions, the world's geologists denied and scorned it. The scientific establishment's rejection of continental drift and plate tectonic theory is a story told often and well. Yet, there is an untold side to Wegener's life: he and his famous father-in-law, Wladimir Köppen (a climatologist whose classification of climates is still in use), became fascinated with climates of the geologic past. In the early 20th century Wegener made four expeditions to the then-uncharted Greenland icecap to gather data about climate variations (Greenland ice-core sampling continues to this day). Ending in Ice is about Wegener's explorations of Greenland, blending the science of ice ages and Wegener's continental drift measurements with the story of Wegener's fatal expedition trying to bring desperately needed food and fuel to workers at the central Greenland ice station of Eismitte in 1930. Arctic exploration books with tragic endings have become all too common, but this book combines Wegener's fatal adventures in Greenland with the relevant science--now more important than ever as global climate change becomes movie-worthy (The Day After Tomorrow). |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Physics for AQA. Ann Fullick, Patrick Fullick, 2001 This resource has separate books for biology, chemistry and physics. Each book is accompanied by a teacher's resource pack on customizable CD-ROM or as a printed pack. The series is designed to work in conjunction with the Coordinated Science for AQA series, so that coordinated and separate science can be taught alongside each other. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Road to Jaramillo William Glen, 1982 This is the story, told here for the first time, of how an international cast of scientists produced the discoveries that brought about the plate-tectonics revolution. In preparing this book the author interviewed virtually all of the important contributors to that critical decade of research, 1957-66. Working in the tradition of history of science, he explores personal relationships, institutional support, and the rivalries and frictions between and within research groups. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Reader's Guide to the History of Science Arne Hessenbruch, 2000 First Published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Scientific Controversies Peter K. Machamer, Marcello Pera, Aristeidēs Baltas, 2000 The essays consider the nature of scientific controversy, how such controversies are resolved, and whether controversy is in fact necessary to the advancement of scientific knowledge.--BOOK JACKET. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: A Symposium on Continental Drift , 1965 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Geographical Journal , 1929 Includes the Proceedings of the Royal geographical society, formerly pub. separately. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: A Symposium on Continental Drift Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett (Baron Blackett), S. K. Runcorn, 1965 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: George Gaylord Simpson Léo F. Laporte, 2000 Focusing on Simpson's scientific contributions, Laporte provides chapters on Simpson's earliest paleontological research through his distinguished Alexander Agassiz professorship at Harvard and his extensive fieldwork for the American Museum of Natural History, where he developed the core themes set forth in his most prestigious work, Tempo and Mode in Evolution |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Hidden History of Earth Expansion Stephen W. Hurrell, 2020-05-14 For more than half a century the theory of continental drift was widely derided. Innovators developing the radical theory were labelled as unscientific by well-known science authorities. But then, in the space of a few years, virtually all opposition dramatically collapsed. Continental drift transformed into plate tectonics and became widely acknowledged as one of the most profound scientific revolutions of the twentieth century. Yet a number of science innovators who had been closely involved with creating this new theory of the Earth continued to research an even more radical theory. They saw evidence that the new geological theory was incomplete, arguing that continental drift was caused by the Earth expanding in size. These science innovators give us a unique insight into their experiences. They relate their personal histories of Earth expansion in 14 original essays. The Hidden History of Earth Expansion presents the unique personal histories of British, American, Australian, German, Polish, Romanian, Indian, Albanian and Jamaican science innovators as they strived to produce a modern theory of the Earth. It includes chapters expressly written for the book by some of the most well-known researchers into Earth expansion: Hugh G. Owen, Cliff Ollier, Karl-Heinz Jacob, James Maxlow, Jan Koziar, Stefan Cwojdziñski, Carl Strutinski, Stephen W. Hurrell, John B. Eichler, William C. Erickson, David Noel, Zahid A. Khan, Ram Chandra Tewari, Vedat Shehu and Richard Guy. In addition to furnishing us with their personal histories of Earth expansion and the seemingly overwhelming evidence for its confirmation, the authors’ highlight areas where further research is required. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Science, Belief and Behaviour D. H. Mellor, 1980 This volume is a collection of original essays by eminent philosophers written for R. B. Braithwaite's eightieth birthday to celebrate his work and teaching. In one way or another, all the essays reflect his central concern with the impact of science on our beliefs about the world and the responses appropriate to that. Together they testify to the signal importance of his contributions in areas of philosophy bearing on this concern: the philosophy of science, especially of the statistical sciences, theories of belief and of probability, decision theory and games theory. This book, which includes a full bibliography of Professor Braithwaite's work, will interest advanced students and professionals in the fields of philosophy and psychology. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Mining Magazine , 1929 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: PSA Philosophy of Science Association, 1990 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The American Midland Naturalist , 1955 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Geological Society of America, 1947 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin , 1962 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Science Under Attack Ralph B. Alexander, 2018-12-01 Evidence and logic are lacking in many areas of public debate today on hot-button issues ranging from dietary fat to vaccination. In Science Under Attack, Dr. Alexander shows how science is being abused, sidelined or ignored, making it difficult or impossible for the public to form a reasoned opinion about important issues. Readers will learn why science is becoming more corrupt, and also how it is being abused for political and economic gain, support of activism, or the propping up of religious beliefs. To illustrate how science is being ignored and abused, the author examines six different issues and the way they are currently discussed: evolution, dietary fat, climate change, vaccination, GMO crops and continental drift. In his research, he has gone back to the original source wherever possible rather than quoting second-hand sources, adding a degree of accuracy and nuance often missing. The controversial assertion that science does not support the conventional wisdom on climate change should be of particular interest. Alexander shows that the scientific evidence for a substantial human contribution to climate change is actually flimsy, and he demonstrates the fallacy of comparing the strong link between smoking and lung cancer to the much weaker connection between human activity and global warming. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Agnostic Stance Sven Rosenkranz, 2007 The Agnostic Stance is a sustained defence of agnosticism as a serious alternative to both metaphysical realism and anti-realism. Metaphysical realists and anti-realists give competing answers to the question of whether truth and reality transcend what we can know or think. The agnostic, by contrast, denies that we are in a position to know how to answer this question. First it is shown how this epistemic reservation can be understood to involve more than merely a temporary suspension of judgement, without thereby collapsing into a form of scepticism inconsistent with the possibility of future knowledge. Then it is argued in detail that agnosticism, as thus understood, fares much better than its realist and anti-realist competitors when it comes to the question about the limits of our thought and knowledge. In pursuing this aim, The Agnostic Stance covers a wide range of topics in general epistemology, the metaphysics of mind and the philosophy of logic and Language. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Death of Death José Cordeiro, David Wood, 2023-06-29 Is death inevitable? Until now, the history of mankind has been marked by this fatal fact. Religions, borders and progress are born from an ancient fear of death, comfort from this fear man often found only in religious paradigms. But according to José Luis Cordeiro and David Wood, the incontrovertible fact of death is no longer an absolute certainty - science and technology are preparing to tear down the final frontier: that of immortality. This accessible book provides insight into recent exponential advances in artificial intelligence, tissue regeneration, stem cell treatment, organ printing, cryopreservation, and genetic therapies that, for the first time in human history, offer a realistic chance to solve the problem of the aging of the human body. In this book, Cordeiro and Wood not only present all the major developments, initiatives, and ideas for eternal life, they also show why there are a number of good arguments for seeing death for what it is: the last undefeated disease. Enter any drugstore or bookstore, and we confronted with a mountain of nonsense concerning the aging process. Society seems obsessed with aging. That is why The Death of Death is such a refreshing delight, able to cut through the hype and reveal a balanced, authoritative, and lucid discussion of this controversial topic. It summarizes the astonishing breakthroughs made recently in revealing how science may one day conquer the aging process. Michio Kaku, theoretical physicist and author of The God Equation: The Quest for a Theory of Everything We are entering a Fantastic Voyage into life extension, crossing different bridges that will take us to indefinite life spans. The Death of Death explains clearly how we might soon reach longevity escape velocity and live long enough to live forever. Ray Kurzweil, co-author of Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever and co-founder of Singularity University The Death of Death is a truly revolutionary book. This is a visionary book that confronts us with the terrible reality of aging, and its authors are friends and connoisseurs of the subject. I believe that the authoritative and exhaustive description of this crusade that José and David make in this excellent book will accelerate this process. Forward! Aubrey de Grey, founder of LEV (Longevity Escape Velocity) Foundation and co-author of Ending Aging |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Critical Thinking in Psychology Robert J. Sternberg, Diane F. Halpern, 2020-01-16 Pinpoints exactly what critical thinking is and uses cutting-edge research to show how to teach and assess it. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The History of the Study of Landforms, Or, The Development of Geomorphology Robert Percy Beckinsale, Richard J. Chorley, 1991 This volume provides a global treatment of historical and regional geomorphic work as it developed from the end of the nineteenth century to the hiatus of the Second World War. The book deals with the burgeoning of the eustatic theory, the concepts of isostasy and epeirogeny, and the first complete statements of the cycle of erosion and of polycyclic denudation chronology. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Alex L. Du Toit Memorial Lectures , 1949 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Alex. L. Du Toit Memorial Lectures Geological Society of South Africa, 1963 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Listener , 1967 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: The Listener and BBC Television Review , 1967 |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Earth in Upheaval Immanuel Velikovsky, 2009 In this epochal book, Velikovsky, one of the great scientists of modern times, completely revolutionizes the view of the evolution of the Earth, the formation of mountains and oceans, the origin of coal or fossils, the question of the ice ages, and the history of animal and plant species. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Drifting Continents and Shifting Theories Homer Eugene LeGrand, 1988-12-15 A historical account of the triumph of the global theory of plate tectonics and its implications for the modern revolution in geology of the 1960s and 1970s after fifty years of controversy and competition. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Stories from the Deep Earth Geoffrey F. Davies, 2022-01-03 Plate tectonics can drift continents and push up mountains, but what drives the plates? This is an insider’s account of how we answered questions posed over two centuries ago, and completed geology’s quest for a driving mechanism. Forging through confusing evidence, apparent contradictions and raging debates we arrived at not one but two mechanisms: sinking plates and rising plumes. |
| how did opponents of continental drift account: Soviet-bloc Research in Geophysics, Astronomy, and Space , 1969 |
Dissociative identity disorder - Wikipedia
Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is characterized by the presence of at least two personality states or "alters". The diagnosis is …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms & Treatment
While DID provides an escape from reality, it can take you away from your loved ones and your true self. A mental health professional can help you work through these difficult experiences to …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
Sep 21, 2021 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a rare condition in which two or more distinct identities, or personality states, are present in—and alternately take control of—an individual. …
All About Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) - Psych Central
May 26, 2021 · You may know this stigmatized condition as multiple personality disorder or split personality. It's real and treatable. Here are the main DID signs and symptoms.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Causes,
Nov 22, 2022 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a rare mental health condition that is characterized by identity and reality disruption. Individuals with DID will exhibit two or more …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Traits, Causes, …
Jul 7, 2023 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a condition that involves the presence of two or more distinct identities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: What You Need To Know - McLean …
DID is best treated with a three-phased approach that involves focusing on safety and stability, processing traumatic events, and eventually being able to go through life without dissociating. …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Test, Specialist ...
In treating individuals with DID, therapists usually use individual, family, and/or group psychotherapy to help clients improve their relationships with others and to experience …
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment - Healthline
Jun 29, 2018 · The most recognizable symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a person’s identity being involuntarily split between at least two distinct identities (personality …
Dissociative identity disorder - symptoms, diagnosis and …
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a mental health condition where someone feels they have 2 or more separate identities. The exact cause of DID is not known, but often it is caused by …
Dissociative identity disorder - Wikipedia
Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder (MPD), is characterized by the presence of at least two personality states or "alters". The diagnosis is …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms & Treatment
While DID provides an escape from reality, it can take you away from your loved ones and your true self. A mental health professional can help you work through these difficult experiences to …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
Sep 21, 2021 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a rare condition in which two or more distinct identities, or personality states, are present in—and alternately take control of—an individual. …
All About Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) - Psych Central
May 26, 2021 · You may know this stigmatized condition as multiple personality disorder or split personality. It's real and treatable. Here are the main DID signs and symptoms.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Causes,
Nov 22, 2022 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a rare mental health condition that is characterized by identity and reality disruption. Individuals with DID will exhibit two or more …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Traits, Causes, …
Jul 7, 2023 · Dissociative identity disorder (DID), formerly known as multiple personality disorder, is a condition that involves the presence of two or more distinct identities.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: What You Need To Know - McLean …
DID is best treated with a three-phased approach that involves focusing on safety and stability, processing traumatic events, and eventually being able to go through life without dissociating. …
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Symptoms, Test, Specialist ...
In treating individuals with DID, therapists usually use individual, family, and/or group psychotherapy to help clients improve their relationships with others and to experience …
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Symptoms and Treatment - Healthline
Jun 29, 2018 · The most recognizable symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a person’s identity being involuntarily split between at least two distinct identities (personality …
Dissociative identity disorder - symptoms, diagnosis and …
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a mental health condition where someone feels they have 2 or more separate identities. The exact cause of DID is not known, but often it is caused by …
