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| gladio turkey: NATO's Secret Armies Daniele Ganser, 2005-06-21 This fascinating new study shows how the CIA and the British secret service, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services, set up a network of clandestine anti-communist armies in Western Europe after World War II. These secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centres in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces. The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup d'états and torture. Codenamed 'Gladio' ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II (Observer, 18. November 1990) and observed that The story seems straight from the pages of a political thriller. (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990. |
| gladio turkey: The Turkish Deep State Mehtap Sooyler, 2015-02-11 The deep state ranks among the most critical issues in Turkish politics. This book traces its origins and offers an explanation of the emergence and trajectory of the deep state; the meaning and function of informal and authoritarian institutions in the formal security sector of a democratic regime; the involvement of the state in organized crime; armed conflict; corruption; and massive human rights violations. This book applies an innovative methodological approach to concept formation and offers a mid-range theory of deep state that sheds light on the reciprocal relationship between the state and political regimes and elaborates on the conditions for the consolidation of democracy. It traces the path-dependent emergence and trajectory of the deep state from the Ottoman Empire to the current Turkish Republic and its impact on state-society relations. It reads state formation, consolidation, and breakdown from the perspective of this most resilient phenomenon of Turkish politics. The analysis also situates recent developments regarding AKP governments, including the EU accession process, civil-military relations, coup trials, the Kurdish question, and the Gülen Movement in their context within the deep state. Moreover, this case-study offers an analytical framework for cross-regional comparative analysis of the deep states. Addressing the lacuna in academic scholarship on the deep state phenomenon in Turkey, this book is essential reading for students and scholars with an interest in democratization, politics and Middle East Studies. |
| gladio turkey: Operation Gladio Paul L. Williams, 2015-02-03 This disturbing exposé describes a secret alliance forged at the close of World War II by the CIA, the Sicilian and US mafias, and the Vatican to thwart the possibility of a Communist invasion of Europe. Journalist Paul L. Williams presents evidence suggesting the existence of “stay-behind” units in many European countries consisting of five thousand to fifteen thousand military operatives. According to the author’s research, the initial funding for these guerilla armies came from the sale of large stocks of SS morphine that had been smuggled out of Germany and Italy and of bogus British bank notes that had been produced in concentration camps by skilled counterfeiters. As the Cold War intensified, the units were used not only to ward off possible invaders, but also to thwart the rise of left-wing movements in South America and NATO-based countries by terror attacks. Williams argues that Operation Gladio soon gave rise to the toppling of governments, wholesale genocide, the formation of death squads, financial scandals on a grand scale, the creation of the mujahideen, an international narcotics network, and, most recently, the ascendancy of Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a Jesuit cleric with strong ties to Operation Condor (an outgrowth of Gladio in Argentina) as Pope Francis I. Sure to be controversial, Operation Gladio connects the dots in ways the mainstream media often overlooks. |
| gladio turkey: Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey Günes Murat Tezcür, 2010-05-01 Moderation theory describes the process through which radical political actors develop commitments to electoral competition, political pluralism, human rights, and rule of law and come to prefer negotiation, reconciliation, and electoral politics over provocation, confrontation, and contentious action. Revisiting this theory through an examination of two of the most prominent moderate Islamic political forces in recent history, Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey analyzes the gains made and methods implemented by the Reform Front in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Justice and Development Party in Turkey. Both of these groups represent Muslim reformers who came into continual conflict with unelected adversaries who attempted to block their reformist agendas. Based on extensive field research in both locales, Muslim Reformers in Iran and Turkey argues that behavioral moderation as practiced by these groups may actually inhibit democratic progress. Political scientist Güneş Murat Tezcür observes that the ability to implement conciliatory tactics, organize electoral parties, and make political compromises impeded democracy when pursued by the Reform Front and the Justice and Development Party. Challenging conventional wisdom, Tezcür's findings have broad implications for the dynamics of democratic progress. |
| gladio turkey: Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey Ryan Gingeras, 2018-01-26 Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles which gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey's underworld, which has been at the heart of several devastating scandals over the last several decades, is strongly tied to the country's long history of opium production and heroin trafficking. As an industry at the centre of the Ottoman Empire's long transition into the modern Turkish Republic, as important as the silk road had been in earlier centuries, the modern rise of the opium and heroin trade helped to solidify and complicate long-standing relationships between state officials and criminal syndicates. Such relationships produced not only ongoing patterns of corruption, but helped fuel and enable repeated acts of state violence. Drawing upon new archival sources from the United States and Turkey, including declassified documents from the Prime Minister's Archives of the Republic of Turkey and the Central Intelligence Agency, Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey provides a critical window into how a handful of criminal syndicates played supporting roles in the making of national security politics in the contemporary Turkey. The rise of the 'Turkish mafia', from its origins in the late Ottoman period to its role in the 'deep state' revealed by the so-called Susurluk and Ergenekon scandals, is a story that mirrors troubling elements in the republic's establishment and emphasizes the transnational and comparative significance of narcotics and gangs in the country's past. |
| gladio turkey: Perceived Threats in Turkish Politics Taha Baran, 2023-07-20 This book presents a deep dive into the interconnectedness of national identity, political rhetoric, and security concerns within contemporary Turkey’s context. This valuable analysis reveals how the nation’s policy-making and nationalism are shaped by perceived threats, both within and beyond Turkey’s borders. The book meticulously unpacks the ‘security-nationalism’ paradigm, offering a unique insight into the mechanisms that drive Turkish politics. Catering to scholars, students, and enthusiasts of political science, international relations, and Turkish studies, the book is particularly relevant for those seeking to understand the dynamics of security politics in a nationalistic context. Its focus on Turkey, a significant player in global politics, also offers a regional perspective that will engage local readers as well as those interested in geopolitics. Exploring major themes such as identity, nationalism, and security, the book offers an enriching discourse for those interested in politics and international relations. |
| gladio turkey: Iran-Turkey Relations, 1979-2011 Suleyman Elik, 2013-03-01 Both Turkey and Iran are large and important countries in the Middle East; how these two countries relate to each other is of crucial importance both for the region and for the wider world. This book explores the diplomatic, security and energy relations of these two middle power states since 1979, analysing the impact of religious, political and social transformation on their bilateral relationship. It considers the nature of Turkey-Iran relations in the context of middle power relations theory, and goes on to look at diplomatic crises that have taken place between Turkey and Iran since 1979. The author analyses Turkey and Iran’s security relations with the wider Middle East, including the Kurdish-Turkish War, the Kurdish-Iranian War and the Kurdish-Arab War, and their impact on regional politics. |
| gladio turkey: The Paramilitary Hero on Turkish Television Berfin Emre Çetin, 2015-02-05 The Paramilitary Hero on Turkish Television: A Case Study on Valley of the Wolves explores the representation and reception of nationalism and masculinity in Turkey through an examination of the popular television serial, Valley of the Wolves which has been aired on Turkish television since 2003. This detailed examination of the show demonstrates a particular discourse of nationalism, namely the Turkish Islam synthesis embedded in a gender-specific regime in which the paramilitary hero is placed at the centre. The study draws on thirty-seven in-depth interviews with viewers of the programme from different social backgrounds. These viewers read the serial from various perspectives in the light of their gendered experiences, suggesting that the relationship between text and audience is not necessarily predetermined by the former, but is rather constructed through an interdiscursive process. The book also examines the pleasures of the “contesting” readers of Valley of the Wolves, drawing on the audience interviews, and argues that critical approaches to a particular media text do not present a barrier to audience pleasures. |
| gladio turkey: Paramilitarism Uğur Ümit Üngör, 2020 From the deserts of Sudan to the jungles of Colombia, from the streets of Belfast to the mountains of Kurdistan, paramilitaries have appeared in violent conflicts. Ungor presents a comparative and global overview of paramilitarism, showing how states use it to successfully outsource mass political violence against civilians. |
| gladio turkey: A Hundred Years of Lausanne Violations: Greece and Turkey, Minorities and the Aegean Baskın Oran, Ali Dayıoğlu, 2024-06-01 Explore the intricate historical fabric that has woven the complex relationship between Turkey and Greece along the enchanting Aegean Sea. Despite their shared geographic proximity, Greece and Turkey secured their independence in vastly different centuries, with Greece gaining sovereignty in 1830 and Turkey in 1923. Their journeys to nationhood were marred by conflicts, casting a long shadow over their subsequent interactions. Both nations, influenced by the passionate Mediterranean temperament, have engaged in a delicate dance of disputes. Their interactions have often embodied the saying the pot calling the kettle black, leading to a series of missteps that occasionally teetered on the brink of armed conflicts in the Aegean. In the process, the welfare of their respective minority communities was often overlooked in the name of protecting their compatriots. Turkey and Greece have resorted to the concept of reciprocity, despite its historical association with a cycle of transgressions. This practice, deemed incompatible with international law (as highlighted in Article 60/5 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties), further complicates their relations. This insightful book consists of two parts. The first dissects the injustices perpetrated by both nations against their minority populations, meticulously examining the relevant articles of the 1923 Lausanne Peace Treaty and other international texts to expose violations. The second part navigates the turbulent waters of Aegean conflicts, offering impartial insights and arguments, free from national bias. Embark on a journey through a century of history, geopolitics, and international law as we unravel the complexities of Turkey and Greece's quest for understanding, reconciliation, and peace in the Aegean. |
| gladio turkey: The City of Falling Angels John Berendt, 2006-09-26 A #1 New York Times Bestseller! Funny, insightful, illuminating . . . —The Boston Globe Twelve years ago, Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil exploded into a monumental success, residing a record-breaking four years on the New York Times bestseller list (longer than any work of fiction or nonfiction had before) and turning John Berendt into a household name. The City of Falling Angels is Berendt's first book since Midnight, and it immediately reminds one what all the fuss was about. Turning to the magic, mystery, and decadence of Venice, Berendt gradually reveals the truth behind a sensational fire that in 1996 destroyed the historic Fenice opera house. Encountering a rich cast of characters, Berendt tells a tale full of atmosphere and surprise as the stories build, one after the other, ultimately coming together to portray a world as finely drawn as a still-life painting. |
| gladio turkey: Television in Turkey Yeşim Kaptan, Ece Algan, 2020-09-03 This edited collection takes a timely and comprehensive approach to understanding Turkey’s television, which has become a global growth industry in the last decade, by reconsidering its geopolitics within both national and transnational contexts. The Turkish television industry along with audiences and content are contextualised within the socio-cultural and historical developments of global neoliberalism, transnational flows, the rise of authoritarianism, nationalism, and Islamism. Moving away from Anglo-American perspectives, the book analyzes both local and global processes of television production and consumption while taking into consideration the dynamics distinctive to Turkey, such as ethnic and gender identity politics, media policies and regulations, and rising nationalistic sentiments. |
| gladio turkey: The Lone Gladio Sibel Edmonds, 2014-08-07 Assassinations. Drug running. False flag ops. A shadow paramilitary global network. Synthetic wars. CIA-NATO: A darker truth. Operation Gladio Plan B: Murder. OG 68-aka Greg McPhearson-no longer works for the company. The hunter has now become prey. He knows this beast: what created him and shattered his soul. Until Mai. When he opened the door to her three years ago, he opened what soul he had left. Yet he belatedly discovers that no amount of pride or power can ever replace one precious breath . . . When the CIA orders his FBI bosses to call off a sting, Special Agent Ryan Marcello decides to do some digging. He calls in senior analyst Elsie Simon, expert in the Turkey-Central Asian-Caucasus nexus, to help track down the high-level target with ties to ruthless power players in a global narcotics-terrorism ring. Every lead and each new suspect brings them that much closer to home. With Elsie's help, and their lives at stake, the two begin their own investigation . . . The murdered son of a U.S. mogul leads to the hiring of Ryan and Elsie, who are used and then trapped in a byzantine scheme of retribution: of black ops within black ops, trails gone cold, kidnappings, blackmail, unexplained murders . . . a plot that extends from Russia and Azerbaijan to Cambodia, Vietnam, and is buried inside the Deep State. For his final mission, in a world where reality now stands on its head-My enemy's enemy is my enemy-no one would be spared . . . the Gladio would be acting alone. |
| gladio turkey: The Illicit Economy in Turkey Mahmut Cengiz, Mitchel P. Roth, 2019-04-26 This book examines the transnational expansion of the illicit economy in Turkey and the unintended consequences of corruption scandals at the highest levels of the Turkish government that have resulted in the purging of important law enforcement and intelligence entities formerly responsible for countering terrorism and organized crime threats. |
| gladio turkey: Antisemitism and Anti-Zionism in Turkey Efrat Aviv, 2017-02-17 This book examines the place Antisemitism occupies within Turkish history and society, especially since the rise of the AKP. It also elucidates and analyses the various actors, factors, and changes that the term and the phenomena Antisemitism have gone through. Additionally the book presents the Turkish regime's relations, attitude, and approach toward the Turkish-Jewish community in Turkey. |
| gladio turkey: Frontline Turkey Ezgi Basaran, 2017-09-30 Turkey is on the front line of the war which is consuming Syria and the Middle East. Its role is complicated by the long-running conflict with the Kurds on the Syrian border - a war that has killed as many as 80,000 people over the last three decades. In 2011 President Erdogan promised to make a deal with the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party), but the talks marked a descent into assassinations, suicide bombings and the killing of civilians on both sides. The Kurdish peace process finally collapsed in 2014 with the spillover of the Syrian civil war. With ISIS moving through northern Iraq, Turkey has declared war on Western allies such as the Kurdish YPG (People's Protection Unit) - the military who rescued the Yezidis and fought with US backing in Kobane. Frontline Turkey shows how the Kurds' relationship with Turkey is at the very heart of the Middle Eastern crisis, and documents, through front-line reporting, how Erdogan's failure to bring peace is the key to understanding current events in Middle East. |
| gladio turkey: Where is Turkey Headed? Rainer Hermann, 2014-06-16 Where is Turkey Headed? Culture Battles in Turkey looks into the dynamics of social change in Turkey from the broad perspective of a German journalist who lived in Istanbul for nearly two decades. With a panoramic view of the history of the Turkish republic, including the late Ottoman era, the author presents a critical analysis of the cultural, economic and political transformation Turkey has long been going through. He discusses that the driving force for this change has its roots in the very society that has discovered its cultural, religious and ethnic diversity, and is pushing back against omnipotent government control. |
| gladio turkey: Kurds in Turkey Lucie Drechselová, Adnan Çelik, 2019-06-27 This ethnographic volume features fresh research by junior scholars of contemporary Kurdish studies. The contributions are assembled around four themes: women’s participation, paramilitary, space, and infrapolitics of resistance. |
| gladio turkey: Understanding Turkey's Kurdish Question Fevzi Bilgin, Ali Sarihan, 2013-06-20 This edited volume, comprising chapters by leading academics and experts, aims to clarify the complexity of Turkey’s Kurdish question. The Kurdish question is a long-standing, protracted issue, which gained regional and international significance largely in the last thirty years. The Kurdish people who represent the largest ethnic minority in the Middle East without a state have demanded autonomy and recognition since the post-World I wave of self-governance in the region, and their nationalist claims have further intensified since the end of the Cold War. The present volume first describes the evolution of Kurdish nationalism, its genesis during the late nineteenth century in the Ottoman Empire, and its legacy into the new Turkish republic. Second, the volume takes up the violent legacy of Kurdish nationalism and analyzes the conflict through the actions of the PKK, the militant pro-Kurdish organization which grew to be the most important actor in the process. Third, the volume deals with the international dimensions of the Kurdish question, as manifested in Turkey’s evolving relationships with Syria, Iraq, and Iran, the issue regarding the status of the Kurdish minorities in these countries, and the debate over the Kurdish problem in Western capitals. |
| gladio turkey: Handbook of Research on Aestheticization of Violence, Horror, and Power Erdem, M. Nur, Kocabay-Sener, Nihal, Demir, Tuğba, 2020-10-02 Individuals seek ways to repress the sense of violence within themselves and often resort to medial channels. The hunger of the individual for violence is a trigger for the generation of violent content by media, owners of political power, owners of religious power, etc. However, this content is produced considering the individual’s sensitivities. Thus, violence is aestheticized. Aesthetics of violence appear in different fields and in different forms. In order to analyze it, an interdisciplinary perspective is required. The Handbook of Research on Aestheticization of Violence, Horror, and Power brings together two different concepts that seem incompatible—aesthetics and violence—and focuses on the basic motives of aestheticizing and presenting violence in different fields and genres, as well as the role of audience reception. Seeking to reveal this togetherness with different methods, research, analyses, and findings in different fields that include media, urban design, art, and mythology, the book covers the aestheticization of fear, power, and violence in such mediums as public relations, digital games, and performance art. This comprehensive reference is an ideal source for researchers, academicians, and students working in the fields of media, culture, art, politics, architecture, aesthetics, history, cultural anthropology, and more. |
| gladio turkey: Nebula Walter Baeyens, Wayne Madsen, 2017-06-21 Providing deep insights into the unseen but real forces that shape the course of history, this investigation exposes a cabal which controls most of the money transfers worldwide as well as the highest political authorities. The spider in the web, according to the investigators, was Felix Przedborski, a selfmade millionnaire of Polish-Jewish descent who held both Belgian and Costa Rican nationalities. By 1990, 'Don Felix' was Grand Master of the Lodge B'Nai B'Rith, called US presidents by their first names, and had excellent contacts with the Holy See, Mossad, CIA, and various heads of state. In order to understand this cabal one must to abandon the conventional logic of economics and politics. |
| gladio turkey: The Dual State Eric Wilson, 2016-03-23 This volume presents a practical demonstration of the relevance of Carl Schmitt's thought to parapolitical studies, arguing that his constitutional theory is the one best suited to investing the ’deep state’ with intellectual and doctrinal coherence. Critiquing Schmitt’s work from a variety of intellectual perspectives, the chapters discuss current parapolitical reality within the domain of criminology, the parapolitical nature of both the dual state and the national security state corporate complex. Using the USA as a prime example of the world’s current dual or ’deep political state’, the criminogenic dimensions of the parapolitical systems of post 9/11 America are discussed. Using case studies, the dual state is examined as the causal factor of inexplicable parapolitical events within both the developed and developing world, including Sweden, Canada, Italy, Turkey, and Africa. |
| gladio turkey: Dealing with a Rising Power Svante Cornell, Gerald Knaus, Manfred Scheich, 2012-04-29 Download PDF for free from: http://martenscentre.eu/publications/dealing-rising-power-turkeys-transformation-and-its-implications-eu Turkey's growing assertiveness on the international stage, difficulties with EU accession, rapidly rising economy, and the long and controversial reign of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) are all necessitating a need for analysis. The present study of the Centre for European Studies presents two papers which look at Turkey and the AKP from different perspectives. Svante Cornell's paper argues that AKP has moved away from democratic reforms and that Turkey's 'zero problems with the neighbours' approach to international relations has failed. Gerald Knaus maintains that the AKP and the EU's influence on Turkey have effected radical changes in the balance of power between the military and civilian actors, thus bringing Turkey somewhat closer to Western democratic standards. Both authors advocate continued EU engagement with Turkey, irrespective of the progress of accession negotiations. |
| gladio turkey: Dying to Win Robert Pape, 2006-07-25 Includes a new Afterword Finalist for the Council on Foreign Relations Arthur Ross Book Award One of the world’s foremost authorities on the subject of suicide terrorism, the esteemed political scientist Robert Pape has created the first comprehensive database of every suicide terrorist attack in the world from 1980 until today. In Dying to Win, Pape provides a groundbreaking demographic profile of modern suicide terrorist attackers–and his findings offer a powerful counterpoint to what we now accept as conventional wisdom on the topic. He also examines the early practitioners of this guerrilla tactic, including the ancient Jewish Zealots, who in A.D. 66 wished to liberate themselves from Roman occupation; the Ismaili Assassins, a Shi’ite Muslim sect in northern Iran in the eleventh and twelfth centuries; World War II’s Japanese kamikaze pilots, three thousand of whom crashed into U.S. naval vessels; and the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, a secular, Marxist-Leninist organization responsible for more suicide terrorist attacks than any other group in history. Dying to Win is a startling work of analysis grounded in fact, not politics, that recommends concrete ways for states to fight and prevent terrorist attacks now. Transcending speculation with systematic scholarship, this is one of the most important studies of the terrorist threat to the United States and its allies since 9/11. “Invaluable . . . gives Americans an urgently needed basis for devising a strategy to defeat Osama bin Laden and other Islamist militants.” –Michael Scheuer, author of Imperial Hubris “Provocative . . . Pape wants to change the way you think about suicide bombings and explain why they are on the rise.” –Henry Schuster, CNN.com “Enlightening . . . sheds interesting light on a phenomenon often mistakenly believed to be restricted to the Middle East.” –The Washington Post Book World “Brilliant.” –Peter Bergen, author of Holy War, Inc. |
| gladio turkey: Turkey Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments IBP, Inc., 2014-12-15 Turkey Country Study Guide - Strategic Informtion and Developments |
| gladio turkey: The Darkest Sides of Politics, I Jeffrey M. Bale, 2017-09-04 This book examines a wide array of phenomena that arguably constitute the most noxious, extreme, terrifying, murderous, secretive, authoritarian, and/or anti-democratic aspects of national and international politics. Scholars should not ignore these dark sides of politics, however unpleasant they may be, since they influence the world in a multitude of harmful ways. The first volume in this two-volume collection focuses on the history of underground neo-fascist networks in the post-World War II era; neo-fascist paramilitary and terrorist groups operating in Europe and Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s; and the manipulation of those and other terrorist organizations by the security forces of various states, both authoritarian and democratic. A range of global case studies are included, all of which focus on the lesser known activities of certain secular extremist milieus. This collection should prove to be essential reading for students and researchers interested in understanding seemingly arcane but nonetheless important dimensions of recent historical and contemporary politics. |
| gladio turkey: Turkey in the Cold War C. Örnek Konu, Ç. Üngör Sunar, Ça?da? Üngör, Cangül Örnek, 2013-07-12 This volume examines the cultural and ideological dimensions of the Cold War in Turkey. Departing from the conventional focus on diplomacy and military, the collection focuses on Cold War's impact on Turkish society and intellectuals. It includes chapters on media and propaganda, literature, sports, as well as foreign aid and assistance. |
| gladio turkey: Turkey in Turmoil Berna Pekesen, 2020-06-22 The essays in this book are the first scholarly attempt to examine the complex interrelation of social change and political radicalization during the 1960s. In analyzing topics ranging from the 1968 student uprising, working class politics and trade unionism, Anti-Americanism, right-wing and left-wing militant action, communitarian violence, state coercion, and the artistic representation of these phenomena the contributors offer insights to help to answer why the experiences of this decade turned so radical with lasting polarizing effects on contemporary Turkish society today. Even though issues surrounding the topic are at the very center of intellectual and political debates in today ́s Turkey, such as the collective remembrance of the Turkish “68ers” and of the anti-communist state persecution and prosecution after the military intervention in 1980, a cohesive analysis of this era is still strikingly absent in scholarly works. Thus, “Turkey in Turmoil” is unique in many regards. As important as the presented diversity in research perspectives, the volume will also showcase multiple and, at some point, contesting and even provocative perspectives on the subject at hand. |
| gladio turkey: QAnon & the #Pizzagates of Hell Michael J. Cat, 2022-07-01 Most of the rational world is currently asking, “What is wrong with these Qanon people?” My book, #Pizzagates of Hell: Unreal Stories of Occult Child Abuse by the CIA, asks, “What is right with them?”Sure, Qanon is an unhinged, mostly right-wing group of individuals that believe the world is run by a left-wing cabal of satanic pedophiles. But, by the time of the 2020 U.S. presidential election, their numbers were growing. And not just in the United States. There have been contingents in the U.K., Germany and Australia. 89 Qanon supporters in the U.S. ran for Congress, suggesting that Qanon has come to represent a minor political constituency. My book doesn't ask what sort of deranged media and cultural environment gave rise to Qanon. Instead, it asks what it is about their ideology that has caught fire. More specifically, it asks: is there something in the supposedly delusional ravings of this new political movement that might actually be accurate? •Pedo cabal? Check. Notorious pedophile and spook Jeffrey Epstein had ties to two U.S. presidents, the king of Saudi Arabia, two Israeli prime ministers, and the British Royal Family. •Occultism? Check. British intelligence relied on Aleister Crowley, the disputed grandfather of satanism, as a spy from World War One and beyond. U.S. intelligence agent Lt. Col. Michael Aquino was an open satanist accused of ritual sexual abuse of children at multiple daycare centers across the U.S. and possibly abroad. •The Illuminati? Check. The Illuminati may not exist, per se, but numerous secret societies do exert undue influence on global affairs, from the Freemasons and Skull and Bones to Bilderberg and Le Cercle. It's hard not to argue that we are ruled by a secret elite. •Turning Us All into Sex Slaves? Question mark. Though the long-rumored Monarch Program is feasible when one examines the history of the CIA's MK ULTRA, there is, so far, no proof of its existence.Once we've asked what Qanon has gotten right, |
| gladio turkey: One Hundred Years of Turkish Foreign Policy (1923-2023) Binnur Özkeçeci-Taner, Sinem Akgül Açıkmeşe, 2023-09-14 This book brings together an all-women group of scholars to provide a historically grounded and theoretically rich examination of the continuities and changes in Turkey’s foreign policy since the Republic's establishment in 1923. Using different International Relations theories, clarifying the interaction between domestic politics and foreign policymaking, the book charts the evolution of Turkey’s foreign policy vis-a-vis several regions and global actors and examines the major developments in Turkey’s relations with these actors. Some chapters emphasize the continuities in Turkey’s external relations, and others examine the significant changes and discontinuities in certain areas. Recognizing that Turkey’s state interests may not always coincide with the interests of the ruling elite, the book demonstrates that the centennial birthday of Turkey represents a constitutive moment for Turkey’s future and calls for a pragmatic, as opposed to a completely ideologically-based, grand strategy that should focus on progressive ideals. |
| gladio turkey: Turkey's Path to Democratization Muhammed Cetin, 2014-09-16 In this timely book, the author addresses a number of key questions about Turkey's hard road to democratization. Is it still underway? What are the hindrances or blockages? What are the motivations and roles of civil society groupings in this evolving democracy? What is the current stance of and role of the military, given Turkey's recent history of recurrent military coups d'etat? The articles which follow the historical account, and which provide a commentary on contemporary social and political events, were written over a period of three years for publication in the English-language newspaper Today's Zaman and are grouped this book according to theme. |
| gladio turkey: The New Turkey and Its Discontents Simon Waldman, Emre Caliskan, 2017-01-03 Today's Turkey little resembles that of recent decades. Newfound economic prosperity has had many unexpected social and political repercussions, most notably the rise of the AKP party and President Erdogan. Despite unprecedented electoral popularity, the conduct of the AKP has faced growing criticism: Turkey has yet to solve its Kurdish question; its foreign policy is increasingly fraught as it balances relations with Iran, Israel, Russia and the EU; and widespread protests gripped the country in 2013, as did an unsuccessful coup in 2016. The government is now perceived by many to be corrupt, unaccountable, intimidating of the press and intolerant of political alternatives. Has this once promising democracy descended into a tyranny of the majority led by a charismatic leader? Is Turkey more polarised now than at any point in its recent history? These are among the questions at the heart of The New Turkey and Its Discontents, which traces Turkey's evolution under Erdogan's leadership, and assesses the likely consequences at home and abroad. |
| gladio turkey: Historical Dictionary of the Kurds Michael M. Gunter, 2010-11-04 Straddling the mountainous borders where Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria converge in the Middle East, the 25-30 million Kurds living there constitute the largest nation in the world without its own independent state. In recent years the Kurdish problem has become increasingly important in Middle Eastern and even international politics for two fundamental reasons. First, the wars against Saddam Hussein in 1991 and 2003 resulted in the creation of a virtually independent Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in a federal Iraq. This KRG has inspired the Kurds elsewhere to seek cultural, social, and even political autonomy, if not independence. Second, Turkey's application for admission into the European Union (EU) also has brought the Kurdish issue to the attention of Europe. The second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Kurds greatly expands on the first edition through an updated chronology, an introductory essay, an expanded bibliography, maps, photos, and over 400 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, events, institutions, and aspects of culture, society, economy, and politics. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the history of the Kurds. |
| gladio turkey: Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey, 1920-1991 Bulent Gokay, 2006-11-22 This is an impressive work that traces the relationship between the Soviet Union and Turkey on the one hand, and the Soviet Union and the Turkish Communist Party on the other, from the consolidation of the communist regime in Moscow until its fall. The book considers how 'Soviet Eastern Policy' was formed, how it changed over time, what the Soviet leaders hoped to gain in Turkey, and what impact Soviet policy had on the development of the Turkish communist movement. It is a valuable resource for students and scholars with an interest in Russian and Soviet poltics and international relations. |
| gladio turkey: Social Trauma and Telecinematic Memory Pelin Başcı, 2017-10-24 This book explores responses to authoritarianism in Turkish society through popular culture by examining feature films and television serials produced between 1980 and 2010 about the 1980 coup. Envisioned as an interdisciplinary study in cultural studies rather than a disciplinary work on cinema, the book advocates for an understanding of popular culture in discerning emerging narratives of nationhood. Through feature films and television serials directly dealing with the coup of 1980, the book exposes tropes and discursive continuities such as “childhood” and “the child”. It argues that these conventional tropes enable popular debates on the modern nation’s history and its myths of identity. |
| gladio turkey: The Kurds Ascending M. Gunter, 2011-06-20 This is the first book to be primarily directed at analyzing the evolving solution to the Kurdish problem in Iraq and Turkey. Although this solution remains cautiously fragile, it does represent a strikingly positive future that until recently seemed so bleak. |
| gladio turkey: Censorship of Historical Thought Antoon De Baets, 2001-12-30 History is an important, dangerous, and fragile subject. Historical thought can be censored in widely diverging political and historiographical contexts, as historians are well aware. Yet the problems of censorship, often thought to be obvious, are rarely studied. Filling a significant void, this guide supplies information on the censorship of historical thought and the fate of persecuted historians in over 130 countries from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe and from 1945 to 2000. With each entry providing a chronological overview of cases and giving a full listing of sources, the book is the first systematic effort to overview the repression of historical thought. Aiming to encompass all countries in which censorship and persecution have taken place, De Baets sketches a world map of repression that goes beyond the well-known and well-studied cases. It assembles scattered data from three types of sources: the works of censors and censored, historical and biographical dictionaries and historiographical surveys, and reports from international human rights organizations. Showing the universality of historical censorship and its infinite variety in amount and degree, the book also provides a basis for further comparative research. |
| gladio turkey: Covertaction Quarterly , 2002 |
| gladio turkey: Deep State Walter Jon Williams, 2017-10-15 “Walter Jon Williams is a visionary of tremendous power and originality . . . He kills every damn time.” --Junot Díaz, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Game designer Dagmar Shaw is skilled at creating vast online entertainments with millions of players. But Dagmar is haunted by her past, and by memories of a burning city, and of the friends who died as a bloody vengeance plot played to its conclusion around her. Dagmar is an expert at manipulating the online players known as the Group Mind. But when an acquaintance appears with the plan to manipulate an entire Middle Eastern country, to stage a revolution and make the people think it was all their own idea, Dagmar is both appalled and intrigued. Can she crash the Deep State? And can she do it without creating another bloodbath? This is no longer a game. The bullets, the tanks, and the spies are real, and so is the danger as Dagmar plunges into the task of gaming an entire state. When it first appeared, Deep State gained a modest amount of infamy as the novel that predicted the Arab Spring, and appeared the very week the Egyptians occupied Tahrir Square. “And since this is an intrigue thriller, there are undercurrents and deceptions and hidden agendas and secret loyalties and unexpected betrayals, deeper states of operation and deeper games being played for higher (or lower) stakes. Dagmar faces not only the normal perils of an elaborate and delicate con, but those of the deep state of international politics, where you don’t know who has been bought or intimidated, who might be a plant, who has a history that will blow up at the worst possible moment.” --Russel Letson, Locus “Williams has crafted a slick, intelligent techno-thriller that never allows the melodramatic storyline to swamp the cast of sympathetic characters.” --Eric Brown, the Guardian “Both prescient and utterly of the moment, featuring an ingeniously concocted and elaborated plot and a compelling cast of characters, Deep State is a success on every level . . . if ever one of Williams’ books had crossover potential . . . this is it. ” . . . The biggest plot coupon of all . . . is really the card on which the whole hand turns, and Williams does not blow the trick. On the contrary, he weaves this bit of scientific or pseudo-scientific legerdemain very deftly into the warp and weft of his plot, giving the novel that satisfies both logically and emotionally. Like his doughty heroine, Williams is absolutely at the top of his game here.” ---Paul Witcover, Locus |
| gladio turkey: Turkey: The Pendulum between Military Rule and Civilian Authoritarianism Fatih Çağatay Cengiz, 2020-08-31 Winner of the 2021 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Award In Turkey: The Pendulum between Military Rule and Civilian Authoritarianism, Fatih Çağatay Cengiz explains Turkey’s trajectory of military and civilian authoritarianism while offering an alternative framework for understanding the Kemalist state and state-society relations. This book clearly captures the zeitgeist of the moment Turkey has passed/has been passing through: democratisation, authoritarianism, and the coup cycle. Moreover, the book not only focuses on Turkish domestic politics with regards to procedural democratisation and waves of authoritarianism under the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), it also engages with Turkey’s recent foreign policy; policy that pushes Turkey to take an active role in the Syrian conflict through the concept of ‘Neo-Ottomanism’. |
Operation Gladio - Wikipedia
Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all of them. Stay-behind operations were …
Operation Gladio | How the Mob Financed the CIA's Secret Army
Mar 14, 2025 · After World War II, the CIA launched Operation Gladio, a secret paramilitary network across NATO countries to counter Soviet influence.
gladio - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Oct 19, 2023 · gladio (Cyrillic spelling гладио) masculine singular active past participle of gladiti
Gladio on Steam
Gladio is a first-person, hack n' slash, action game with parkour elements. Fight against multiple different enemy types across different levels, while managing your health along the way. …
Gladio: Alive and Well in Ukraine Since 2014 | VT Foreign Policy
Mar 22, 2022 · It is the same strategy that NATO made in Italy during the Cold War to form the secret paramilitary structure “Gladio”.
Understanding Operation Gladio: The Hidden History of Cold War …
Sep 22, 2024 · Operation Gladio, as a covert Cold War initiative, has significantly shaped current military strategies, particularly in asymmetrical warfare and counter-terrorism. Its legacy …
What does gladio mean? - Definitions.net
Definition of gladio in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of gladio. What does gladio mean? Information and translations of gladio in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions …
gladio in English - Latin-English Dictionary | Glosbe
Check 'gladio' translations into English. Look through examples of gladio translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar.
Gladio in English. Gladio Meaning and Latin to English Translation
Jul 16, 2023 · What does gladio mean in English? If you want to learn gladio in English, you will find the translation here, along with other translations from Latin to English. You can also listen …
English - ONLINE LATIN DICTIONARY
gladio glădĭus (masculine noun II declension masculine singular ablative) If you still have not found the desired word, you can browse the entries in the list below.
Operation Gladio - Wikipedia
Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind organizations, Operation Gladio is used as an informal name for all …
Operation Gladio | How the Mob Financed the CIA's Secre…
Mar 14, 2025 · After World War II, the CIA launched Operation Gladio, a secret paramilitary network across NATO countries to counter Soviet influence.
gladio - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Oct 19, 2023 · gladio (Cyrillic spelling гладио) masculine singular active past participle of gladiti
Gladio on Steam
Gladio is a first-person, hack n' slash, action game with parkour elements. Fight against multiple different enemy types across different levels, while …
Gladio: Alive and Well in Ukraine Since 2014 | VT Forei…
Mar 22, 2022 · It is the same strategy that NATO made in Italy during the Cold War to form the secret paramilitary structure “Gladio”.
